CN110574653A - Whole-process mechanized ratoon rice efficient planting method - Google Patents
Whole-process mechanized ratoon rice efficient planting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110574653A CN110574653A CN201910967853.5A CN201910967853A CN110574653A CN 110574653 A CN110574653 A CN 110574653A CN 201910967853 A CN201910967853 A CN 201910967853A CN 110574653 A CN110574653 A CN 110574653A
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- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 113
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 113
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 title 1
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims abstract description 113
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 210000005069 ears Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000005070 ripening Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009340 sequential cropping Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 4
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005059 dormancy Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B9/00—Preservation of edible seeds, e.g. cereals
- A23B9/08—Drying; Subsequent reconstitution
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
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- Ecology (AREA)
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- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a whole-process mechanized ratoon rice high-efficiency planting method, which comprises the following steps: s1. planting high-quality low-node high-regeneration early-maturing rice variety; the early maturing rice variety has a first season rice seeding period of 3 middle ten days and a harvesting period of 8 months and 5 days before; and s2, topdressing 15kg of compound fertilizer to protect roots and buds and ensure the activity of root systems and low-node regeneration buds 10 days after the first season rice is flush with ears, wherein the formula of the compound fertilizer is as follows according to the mass ratio of N-P2O 5-K2O: 22:8: 10; s3. mechanically harvesting first season rice before 8 months and 5 days, reserving lower piles less than or equal to 5cm, timely irrigating with shallow water after harvesting, and simultaneously applying 5 kg/mu of urea as a seedling fertilizer; s4. mechanized harvesting of mature ratoon rice in late 10 months; s5. drying the harvested paddy rice uniformly according to standard water content by a paddy rice dryer; the method can effectively solve the problems of high yield and stable yield of the regenerated rice caused by insufficient light and temperature resources at the later stage and uneven machine harvesting and pressing piles, spike layers and the like caused by overhigh pile retaining height in the prior art.
Description
Technical Field
the invention belongs to the technical field of ratoon rice cultivation, and particularly relates to a full-process mechanized ratoon rice efficient planting method.
background
the regenerated rice is harvested twice in one crop, i.e. after first-season rice is harvested, rice seedlings are used for sprouting again, ears are grown, and then the rice in one season is harvested. The ratoon rice is a kind of rice variety, has a long planting history in China, and can be traced back to 1700 years. The method is characterized in that after the rice in one season is mature, only the upper 2/3 part of a rice plant is cut, rice ears are collected, the lower 1/3 plant and root system are left, fertilization and cultivation are carried out, and the rice is grown in one season. The areas suitable for planting the regenerated rice are mainly areas where the sunshine and the heat are not enough to plant two-season rice, but there are many-season rice planted in one season. The south China of the east China is the main production area of the ratoon rice, the ratoon rice has great dependence on climate conditions, and after the first season rice is harvested in individual years, the temperature and light resources are rapidly reduced, thereby seriously restricting the safe production of the ratoon rice. The traditional regenerated rice planting technology generally has the problems of long first season rice growth period, small regenerated rice ears, uneven rice ear layers, large restriction on mechanical harvesting by high-position pile retaining and the like, and particularly has the defects of low yield, insufficient fertility and low quality of the regenerated rice caused by much rain and insufficient light and temperature resources in the later period. On the other hand, the pile height of the existing ratoon rice technology is more than 30cm, the pile pressing phenomenon is serious when the first harvest rice is mechanically harvested, the phenomena of pile falling, seedling growing and seedling shortage are caused, and the mechanized application is seriously restricted.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is: aiming at the problems of high yield and stable yield of the ratoon rice and uneven machine harvesting pile and spike layer caused by the limitation of insufficient light and temperature resources in the later period and the over-high pile remaining height in the prior art, the whole-process mechanized ratoon rice high-efficiency planting method is provided, and the problems of high yield and stable yield of the ratoon rice and machine harvesting are solved.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a full-process mechanized ratoon rice high-efficiency planting method comprises the following steps:
s1. planting high-quality low-node high-regeneration early-maturing rice variety; the early maturing rice variety has a first season rice seeding period of 3 middle ten days, a harvesting period of 8 months and 5 days before, and a full growth period of 130-;
s2, topdressing 15kg of compound fertilizer to protect roots and buds per mu 10 days after the first season rice is flush with ears, and ensuring the activity of root systems and low-node regeneration buds;
s3. before 8 months and 5 days, mechanically harvesting mature first season rice, reserving lower piles less than or equal to 5cm, timely irrigating with shallow water, and applying 5 kg/mu of urea as seedling fertilizer;
s4. harvesting mature ratooning rice mechanically in the first 10 th month, wherein the final stage of waxiness to the initial stage of maturity is suitable for harvesting;
s5. the harvested paddy is dried uniformly according to standard water content by a paddy dryer.
Further, in step s1, the regenerated rice variety is selected from a high-quality rice variety with a short growing period and early maturity.
Further, in step s2, the lower joints are the base joint and the 1 st extension joint.
furthermore, when water and fertilizer management is carried out, the first cropping rice should be harvested in time after being mature, so that the rhizome activity of the first cropping rice is ensured; after harvesting, irrigating with shallow water in time to ensure thorough irrigation, and applying 5kg of urea as a seedling fertilizer per mu; and water management is well carried out before sprouting, so that the field is moist and does not accumulate water, and the safe sprouting of the low-position buds is ensured.
Further, in step s5, the method for drying the rice in a best-keeping mode comprises the following steps: and in the final stage of the waxy ripening of the rice, which is a suitable harvesting stage, the water content is 20-30%, the drying temperature is set to be 40-45 ℃, the drying time is set to be 10-15h, and when the water content is reduced to 13%, the drying is finished.
further, the formula of the compound fertilizer is N-P in mass ratio2O5-K2O＝22:8:10。
the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. The method for cultivating the ratoon rice selects the high-quality and strong-regeneration early-maturing rice variety, can fully utilize the high light-temperature condition in the middle and late ten days of the 8 month to promote the early and fast germination of the seedling, ensure the accumulation of basic seedling and biomass, promote early heading and ensure the high and stable yield of the ratoon rice;
2. The method for cultivating the regenerated rice adopts the low-position pile during the first season rice mechanical harvesting, on one hand, the regenerated rice can be ensured to be neat in seedling, large in spike, neat in spike layer and consistent in mature period, and a foundation is laid for high and stable yield; on the other hand, the low-position piles can reduce the influence of first cropping rice mechanical harvesting on ratoon rice seedling raising to the maximum extent, and solve the problem of first cropping rice mechanical harvesting which restricts ratoon rice seedling raising.
3. According to the ratoon rice cultivation scheme, the ratoon rice is dried in time after being harvested; because the harvest time of the ratooned rice is rainy, the light and temperature resources are relatively insufficient, the rice is mildewed due to natural drying, and the quality of the ratooned rice is seriously influenced, therefore, the ratooned rice is artificially dried according to the standard water content by utilizing a dryer device in time after being harvested, the quality consistency of the ratooned rice is ensured, and the ratooned rice with high quality is favorably produced.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art can better understand the present invention, the following embodiments are provided to further illustrate the present invention.
The efficient planting method of the whole-process mechanized ratoon rice comprises the following steps:
s1. it is suitable to select high-yield, high-quality and disease-resistant varieties with moderate growth period, strong regeneration capability, compact plant type, thick and strong stem, medium tillering property, proper plant height, thick and strong internodes, developed root system, fertilizer tolerance and lodging resistance, such as high radiation; the first season rice seeding period of the early maturing rice variety is 3 months and 15 days, and the harvesting period of the early maturing rice variety is 7 months and 30 days; before sowing, turning over, fine land preparation, irrigation and raking are carried out to ensure that the muddy field is flat and clean. After land preparation in the rice field, ditching.
S2, applying 15kg of compound fertilizer per mu 10 days after ear alignment to achieve the effects of protecting roots and low node buds, wherein the formula of the compound fertilizer is N-P in mass ratio2O5-K2O＝22:8:10。
S3: mechanically harvesting first season rice in 30 days after 7 months, and reserving low-position piles; the pile retaining height is less than or equal to 5 cm; the high-stay pile mainly utilizes the upper section to fall 2, 3 and 4 regeneration buds to develop the regenerated rice, has the advantages of utilizing residual nutrient substances of the rice pile, having early heading, short growth period and the like, and has the following defects: the pile retaining quality requirement for harvesting is higher, the pile retaining quality is not suitable for mechanical operation, the ears are small, the ear layers are not uniform, the mature period is not uniform, the yield is low and the like. The high-position pile mainly utilizes the extension section, particularly utilizes the regeneration bud of the upper extension section to accumulate and grow the regeneration rice, and the regeneration bud of the upper section preferentially germinates and inhibits the regeneration bud germination of the lower extension section and the non-extension section of the base part. Therefore, the invention adopts the low-position pile (less than or equal to 5cm), which can achieve 2 effects: the lower mechanical pile retaining is technically convenient, the restriction of harvesting of first season rice on machine harvesting can be effectively broken, and the contradiction between machine harvesting and rolling and rice pile bud preservation is coordinated. Solves the technical problem of mechanical cultivation of the ratoon rice. Secondly, the advantages of low-position buds are fully utilized, the rice ears are uniform, the rice ears are large, the yield is high, and the rice ripening period is consistent. The dormancy of the regenerated buds of the base part and the low-position extension section can be broken by the cooperation of the low-position pile and water and fertilizer management, and the germination of the low-position buds is promoted. There are about 16 rice internodes and only about 6 elongation internodes. The low-level pile is managed by water and fertilizer, so that the dormancy of the regeneration bud of the non-elongation section can be effectively broken, and the high-efficiency production of the regenerated rice is realized; and after harvesting, timely carrying out shallow water irrigation, simultaneously applying 5 kg/mu of urea as a seedling growing fertilizer, managing water before seedling growing, carrying out shallow water irrigation, and ensuring thorough watering, field moistening and no water accumulation so as to realize safe seedling growing of the low-level pile.
S4, mechanically harvesting the ratoon rice in 10 months and 8 days; the harvest period is suitable from the late stage of wax ripening to the early stage of complete ripening of the ratoon rice.
s5, uniformly drying the rice after rice harvesting according to the standard water content by using a rice dryer; the method for drying the rice in a good condition comprises the following steps: and in the final stage of the waxy ripening of the rice, which is a suitable harvesting stage, the water content is 20-30%, the drying temperature is set to be 40-45 ℃, the drying time is set to be 10-15h, and when the water content is reduced to 13%, the drying is finished.
Finally, the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all of them should be covered in the claims of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A full-process mechanized ratoon rice high-efficiency planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1. planting high-quality low-node high-regeneration early-maturing rice variety; the early maturing rice variety has a first season rice seeding period of 3 middle ten days, a harvesting period of 8 months and 5 days before, and a full growth period of 130-;
S2, topdressing 15kg of compound fertilizer to protect roots and buds per mu 10 days after the first season rice is flush with ears, and ensuring the activity of root systems and low-node regeneration buds;
s3. before 8 months and 5 days, mechanically harvesting mature first season rice, reserving lower piles less than or equal to 5cm, timely irrigating with shallow water, and applying 5 kg/mu of urea as seedling fertilizer;
s4. harvesting mature ratooning rice mechanically in the first 10 th month, wherein the final stage of waxiness to the initial stage of maturity is suitable for harvesting;
s5. the harvested paddy is dried uniformly according to standard water content by a paddy dryer.
2. the method for planting the whole mechanized ratoon rice with high efficiency according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step s1, the regenerated rice variety is selected from a high-quality rice variety with short growth period and early maturity.
3. the method for planting the whole mechanized ratoon rice with high efficiency according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step s2, the lower joints are the base joint and the 1 st extension joint.
4. The method for planting the whole mechanized ratoon rice with high efficiency according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: when water and fertilizer management is carried out, harvesting should be carried out in time after the first season rice is mature, and the rhizome activity of the first season rice is ensured; after harvesting, irrigating with shallow water in time to ensure thorough irrigation, and applying 5kg of urea as a seedling fertilizer per mu; and water management is well carried out before sprouting, so that the field is moist and does not accumulate water, and the safe sprouting of the low-position buds is ensured.
5. The method for planting the whole mechanized ratoon rice with high efficiency according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step s5, the method for drying the rice comprises the following steps: and in the final stage of the waxy ripening of the rice, which is a suitable harvesting stage, the water content is 20-30%, the drying temperature is set to be 40-45 ℃, the drying time is set to be 10-15h, and when the water content is reduced to 13%, the drying is finished.
6. The method for planting the whole mechanized ratoon rice with high efficiency according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the formula of the compound fertilizer is N-P in mass ratio2O5-K2O＝22:8:10。
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