CN110574652B - Paddy flooding direct seeding planting method - Google Patents
Paddy flooding direct seeding planting method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110574652B CN110574652B CN201910965751.XA CN201910965751A CN110574652B CN 110574652 B CN110574652 B CN 110574652B CN 201910965751 A CN201910965751 A CN 201910965751A CN 110574652 B CN110574652 B CN 110574652B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- rice
- sowing
- water
- direct
- seeding
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a flooded direct-seeding planting method for rice, and belongs to the field of rice planting. The method comprises the steps of land preparation before sowing, seed selection, weed control, sowing amount calculation, germination acceleration, sowing, water management, fertilizer management and pest control. The method mainly comprises the following steps: pre-treatment of seeding, comprising field surface arrangement and ditching and carriage arrangement; selecting a rice material with the germination rate of more than 80%, and accelerating germination until the rice material is just broken and white; after sowing, keeping the compartment surface flooded with 3-5cm of water; draining the water layer of the compartment surface after the three leaves are in a heart period, and keeping the ditch filled with water. Shallow water irrigation is kept on the compartment surface in the tillering stage, the heading stage and the grouting stage. The invention can effectively improve the emergence rate and the seedling rate of the direct-seeded rice, provides guarantee for the 'one-time whole-seedling' of the direct-seeded rice, is beneficial to the high yield and the stable yield of the direct-seeded rice, can solve the problems of seedling burning and the like caused by bird damage, rat damage, weed damage, local high-temperature waterlogging and the like of the direct-seeded rice, and provides theoretical basis and technical reference for the large-area popularization and application of the direct-seeded rice.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of rice planting, in particular to a flooded direct-seeding planting method for rice.
Background
With the mass transfer of the labor force of suitable age in rural areas, the number and quality of rice production workers are in a descending trend, and rice production is more prone to adopting a simple and efficient rice cropping mode. The rice direct seeding technology has the phenomenon of not being popularized in recent years due to good social, economic and environmental benefits. At present, direct seeding in production mainly adopts dry direct seeding and wet direct seeding modes. However, the problems to be solved in the direct-seeded rice at present are serious, such as seedling-stage weed damage, rat damage, bird damage and the like, the seedling burning is caused by high temperature of accumulated water in a small concave of a direct-seeded rice field, seeds are washed and accumulated due to strong rainfall in a seeding stage (particularly in Guangdong province), the emergence rate and the seedling rate are low, and the yield, the popularization and the application of the direct-seeded rice are limited. Because the standing seedlings and the roots of the rice after direct seeding need to be drained and ventilated, the direct seeding rice and weeds usually grow simultaneously, and the weeds have the characteristics of multiple varieties, strong adaptability and the like, are difficult to control, so that weed damage is caused. It has been shown that the development of direct-seeded rice is severely affected by weed damage, which leads to a reduction in rice yield [ Zhongyanzhi, Kingwenxia, Chenoming, Zangyongjun, Tantangxuming, Hushuixiu, Shiqinghua, Pandahua, Zaishenhua. The direct seeding rice is sowed extensively, and after sowing, there is no water layer in the field, or the seeds are treated in a wet state, and the seeds are exposed more and are easy to suffer from rat and bird damage [ Zhuzhicheng, Wu-su qin, Wu-juan, Zhang hong, Zhang Lang, Tanghong. And the key problem can be effectively solved by constructing a flooding direct seeding technology.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a waterlogged direct-seeding planting method for rice. The method can effectively solve the problems of low emergence rate and seedling rate and the like caused by weed damage, rat damage and bird damage after the direct-seeded rice is sown, seedling burning caused by high temperature of accumulated water in a small concave of the surface of a direct-seeded rice field, washing and accumulation of seeds caused by strong rainfall in the sowing period and the like (particularly in Guangdong province).
The object of the present invention is achieved by at least one of the following means.
A paddy waterlogging direct seeding planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
preparing soil before sowing, selecting varieties, preventing and controlling weeds, calculating sowing quantity, accelerating germination, sowing, managing moisture, managing fertilizers and preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests; the water management comprises keeping 3-5cm of water layer on the compartment surface after sowing to the three-leaf one-heart period.
Further, soil preparation before sowing comprises field surface finishing, wherein the field surface finishing is to be performed before sowing, soil is in a fine crushing shape, no high protrusion and uneven low positions exist, and the height drop is less than or equal to 3 cm.
Further, before sowing, the land surface is leveled and then is irrigated and soaked, and the whole carriage is ditched 2-3 days before sowing.
Furthermore, the variety is selected from rice varieties with the emergence rate of more than or equal to 50% under the flooding condition.
Further, the water management comprises maintaining 5cm of the surface water layer of the chamber from three leaves to one heart period after sowing.
Further, the water management comprises draining off a water layer after the three leaves are in one heart, keeping water in the ditch, avoiding an obvious water layer on the surface of the compartment, and irrigating with shallow water in the tillering stage.
Furthermore, the sowing can adopt a broadcasting sowing mode, a drilling sowing mode or a mechanical hole sowing mode, and the germination is required to be accelerated until the white color is just exposed before the sowing.
Further, the density of the seeding is 150-2The specific sowing weight needs to determine the sowing amount according to the thousand seed weight and the germination rate.
Further, the density of the seeding is 200 grains/m2(ii) a If the thousand seed weight is different, the seeding amount should be adjusted according to the thousand seed weight.
Furthermore, in the sowing step, if the thousand seed weight is 19-21 g and the germination rate is more than 80%, the sowing amount of the direct-seeding rice is 2-2.5 kg/mu.
Further, aiming at double cropping rice regions in south China, early-medium-maturing varieties with the growth period of 100-120 days are selected for early rice, the seeding period of the early rice is from 3 middle ten days to 3 month end, the specific required temperature is more than 15 ℃, and otherwise, low-temperature cold damage can be caused. The late rice is sowed in late 7 months and before autumn.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the method, the water layer in the field is kept for 5cm before the three-leaf one-heart period of the direct-seeded rice, so that high-temperature waterlogging and seedling burning caused by mouse damage, bird damage, weed damage and field surface water accumulation can be effectively prevented, and the emergence rate and the seedling rate of the direct-seeded rice are effectively ensured.
(2) Aiming at the conditions that rainwater is abundant in sowing season and waterlogging happens occasionally in double cropping rice areas in south China, the flooding direct seeding method can effectively prevent the low emergence rate and the low seedling rate caused by the fact that seeds are washed and accumulated due to strong rainfall.
(3) The direct seeding method is adopted in the early and late seasons aiming at the double-cropping rice areas in south China, so that the current situation of double-robbery in busy farming seasons can be effectively relieved, manpower, material resources and financial resources are saved, and the working efficiency is improved.
(4) The method adopts flooding direct seeding, saves manpower, material resources and financial resources, effectively improves the rice planting efficiency and the 'one-time seeding' of direct seeding rice, and ensures the high and stable yield of the direct seeding rice.
(5) The method is green, safe and effective, and can effectively prevent and control bird damage, weed damage, rat damage of direct-seeded rice and high-temperature waterlogging and seedling burning caused by uneven field surface in the sowing period.
Drawings
FIGS. 1a and 1b are photographs of the paddy field flooding direct seeding test of example 1.
FIG. 2 is a graph comparing the emergence rates of wet and flooded direct seeding in example 1.
Detailed Description
The following further describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the examples and the drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
The following experiments were carried out in 2018 at Dafeng test base ((23 ° 09 'N, 113 ° 22' E)) of the institute of Paddy, academy of agricultural sciences, Guangdong province.
Example 1
A paddy rice flooding direct seeding planting method comprises the following steps:
(1) finishing the field surface: plowing as early as possible before sowing, specifically plowing by using a tractor, wherein the plowing depth is 15-30cm, then rotary tillage or harrowing by using the tractor until the surface of the field is moderate in hardness, the surface of the field is flat, and the height drop is less than or equal to 3 cm.
(2) And (3) controlling weeds: chemical weeding is carried out 3 days before sowing, and each mu is sprayed with 80 g of direct seeding insecticide (the main components are 36% pretilachlor and 4% bensulfuron-methyl) mixed with 50kg of water or sprayed with 200 g of Guoge (23.9% butachlor and 1.1% bensulfuron-methyl) mixed fine sand 15 kg; after water is preserved for 3 days, the mixture is drained and sown or sprayed with 60g of butylbenzene or 35g of non-grass rice mixed with urea per mu.
(3) And (3) field treatment: after the herbicide is sprayed, furrows are immediately dug to form the compartment, the width of the compartment surface is 3 meters, the width of the furrow is 30cm, the depth of the furrow is 20cm, the compartment surface is flat and has no low-lying or high-protruding part, then the horizontal compartment surface is kept in the furrows, and the sowing is carried out after the mud is settled.
(4) Variety selection: selecting high-quality, high-yield and lodging-resistant rice varieties, wherein the germination rate is more than or equal to 80%, and the emergence rate under the flooding condition is more than or equal to 60%. Representative 1 farmer species, 1 conventional rice and 1 hybrid rice were selected. The seed quality should comply with the regulation of GB 4404.1.
(5) The dosage is as follows: the seed using amount is adjusted according to the planting density of 200 grains per square meter.
(6) Seed treatment: soaking seeds in 40% trichloroisocyanuric acid (strong chlorine, 50g for 10kg seeds) or 1% lime water diluent for 6 hours, cleaning, soaking the seeds in clear water for 36 hours, accelerating germination at 32 ℃ for 12 hours, stopping accelerating germination until the white skin is just broken, and uniformly sowing on the surface of a compartment.
(7) Sowing: in order to ensure the uniformity of planting, the seeding quantity can be calculated according to the area of each compartment, 70 percent of seeds are sowed firstly during seeding, and then 30 percent of seeds are used for filling gaps and thinning.
(8) Fertilizer management: wherein, phosphate fertilizer (superphosphate) is used as base fertilizer for one-time application; nitrogenous fertilizer (urea) is prepared by the following steps: weaning fertilizer: and (3) tillering fertilizer: panicle fertilizer = 3: 2: 2: 3; the potash fertilizer (potassium chloride) comprises the following base fertilizers: panicle fertilizer = 5: 5 in a ratio of the total amount of the composition.
(10) Water content management: slowly irrigating until the water layer is 5cm after sowing, draining until no water exists on the surface of the compartment when three leaves and one core are grown, draining until water exists in the ditch, promoting the seedlings to prick roots and erect needles, rehydrating after 3 leaves and 1 core, keeping the water layer for 3-4cm to promote tillering, and drying the field when the number of stem tillers per mu is 20-25 ten thousand ears, so as to control ineffective tillering. And alternately managing the dry and the wet in other periods (shallow water layer → natural drying, and circulating in the same way until 20 days before harvesting and drying in the sun at the end of tillering).
(11) And (3) pest control:
the prevention and control method mainly prevents rice planthoppers, rice leaf rollers and banded sclerotial blight at the tillering end stage-booting stage: 40% of Fuge 8-10k and 20% of Mucor 60 are added into 50kg of water for even spraying per mu.
Photographs of the field test of the flooded direct-seeding rice of the present example are shown in fig. 1a and 1 b.
Direct seeding with moisture (water in the anterior sulcus of first heart stage of three leaves, compartment surface kept moist) was used as a control. The above examples and the control examples were repeated 3 times, and plump seeds were selected before direct seeding, sufficiently soaked for germination until white spots appeared, and then sowed.
As can be seen from fig. 2, the emergence rate under the flooding condition of this example is lower than that of wet direct seeding, but the emergence rates under the flooding condition are both greater than 60%, which indicates that the emergence rate under the flooding condition is lower than that of wet direct seeding, but still has a higher emergence rate, and can be used in rice production.
Claims (1)
1. A paddy flooding direct seeding planting method is characterized in that the method aims at the paddy flooding direct seeding planting method in double cropping rice areas in south China; the method comprises the following steps:
(1) finishing the field surface: ploughing as early as possible before sowing, specifically ploughing by using a tractor, ploughing with a ploughing depth of 15-30cm, then carrying out rotary tillage or raking by using the tractor until the hardness of the field surface is moderate, the field surface is flat, the height drop is less than or equal to 3cm, irrigating and soaking the field surface after the field surface is flat before sowing, and ditching and completing the carriage 2-3 days before sowing;
(2) and (3) controlling weeds: chemical weeding is carried out 3 days before sowing, and each mu is sprayed with 80 g of direct seeding water and 50kg of mixed water or sprayed with 200 g of fine sand and 15 kg of mixed rice sprout; after water is preserved for 3 days, draining water and sowing or spraying 60g of butylbenzene or 35g of non-grass rice mixed with urea per mu;
(3) and (3) field treatment: after the herbicide is sprayed, ditching and making the compartment immediately, wherein the width of the compartment surface is 3 meters, the width of the channel is 30cm, the depth of the channel is 20cm, the compartment surface is flat and has no low-lying or high-protruding part, then the compartment surface is flat, and after the slurry is settled and compacted, sowing is carried out;
(4) variety selection: selecting a high-quality, high-yield and lodging-resistant rice variety, wherein the germination rate is more than or equal to 80%, and the emergence rate under the flooding condition is more than or equal to 60%; 1 representative farmer species, 1 conventional rice and 1 hybrid rice are selected;
(5) the using amount of the seed is: adjusting the seed consumption according to the planting density of 200 grains per square meter;
(6) seed treatment: soaking seeds for 6 hours by using 40 percent trichloroisocyanuric acid or 1 percent lime water diluent, cleaning, soaking the seeds for 36 hours by using clear water, accelerating germination for 12 hours at 32 ℃, stopping accelerating germination for later use until just white skin is exposed after chest breaking, and uniformly broadcasting the seeds on the compartment surface during sowing;
(7) sowing: in order to ensure the planting uniformity, the seeding quantity is calculated according to the area of each compartment, 70 percent of seeds are sown firstly during seeding, and then 30 percent of seeds are used for filling up the gaps and the thinning; the sowing mode adopts a broadcasting sowing mode, a drilling sowing mode or a mechanical hole sowing mode, and the germination is required to be accelerated until the white spots are just exposed before sowing; the density of the seeding is 150-2(ii) a If the thousand seed weight is 19-21 g and the germination rate is more than 80%, the sowing amount of the direct seeding rice is 2-2.5 kg/mu;
(8) fertilizer management: wherein, the phosphate fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer for one-time application; the nitrogen fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by weight: weaning fertilizer: and (3) tillering fertilizer: panicle fertilizer = 3: 2: 2: 3; the potassium fertilizer comprises the following base fertilizers: panicle fertilizer = 5: 5;
(10) water content management: slowly irrigating until the water layer is 5cm after sowing, draining until no water exists on the surface of a compartment when three leaves and one core are grown, draining until water exists in a ditch, promoting the seedlings to prick roots and erect needles, rehydrating after 3 leaves and 1 core, keeping the water layer for 3-4cm to promote tillering, sunning the field when the number of stem tillers per mu is 20-25 ten thousand ears, and controlling ineffective tillering; performing dry-wet alternate management in other periods, namely shallow water layer → natural drying, and circulating the steps until 20 days before harvesting and drying the field at the final tillering stage;
(11) and (3) pest control:
firstly, the key points of the late tillering stage and the booting stage are to prevent rice planthopper, rice leaf roller and sheath blight;
secondly, the rice planthopper, the chilo suppressalis, the tryporyza incertulas, the rice leaf roller and the sheath blight are mainly prevented and controlled in the booting-opening period; the false smut prevention needs to be carried out 10 days before the breach, and 250ml of 14 percent cuaminosulfate water solution is used for supplementing and treating once per mu after one week of retransmission year;
thirdly, mainly preventing and controlling rice planthoppers, cnaphalocrocis medinalis, sheath blight and rice blast in the heading stage and the early stage of filling, and according to the disease and insect conditions, using 100ml of 40 percent chlorpyrifos, 70g of 90 percent monosultap, 4-5g of 25 percent thiamethoxam water dispersible granules and 60ml of pyrimethanil per mu, and adding 50kg of water for uniformly spraying;
fourthly, the rice planthopper with migratory flying property is repeatedly checked and controlled in the middle and later stages of grouting; aiming at double cropping rice regions in south China, early-medium maturing varieties with the growth period of 100-120 days are selected for early rice, the sowing period of the early rice is from 3 middle ten days to 3 bottom months, the sowing period of late rice is 7 middle ten days, and the early-medium maturing varieties are used before the beginning of autumn.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910965751.XA CN110574652B (en) | 2019-10-12 | 2019-10-12 | Paddy flooding direct seeding planting method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910965751.XA CN110574652B (en) | 2019-10-12 | 2019-10-12 | Paddy flooding direct seeding planting method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN110574652A CN110574652A (en) | 2019-12-17 |
| CN110574652B true CN110574652B (en) | 2022-06-24 |
Family
ID=68814636
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910965751.XA Active CN110574652B (en) | 2019-10-12 | 2019-10-12 | Paddy flooding direct seeding planting method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN110574652B (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111149640B (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2022-05-17 | 湖南师范大学 | Herbicide-free direct seeding cultivation method for rice |
| CN113796270B (en) * | 2021-10-08 | 2022-09-13 | 湖南省农业科学院 | Method for preventing and controlling rice planthopper outbreak based on depth alternate flooding irrigation |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106134871A (en) * | 2015-03-30 | 2016-11-23 | 万冬根 | A kind of green rice implantation methods |
| CN104686268A (en) * | 2015-04-01 | 2015-06-10 | 上海市农业生物基因中心 | Method for rapidly propagating paddy rice seedlings |
| CN104920089B (en) * | 2015-07-03 | 2017-06-30 | 徐州佳禾农业科技有限公司 | A kind of resistance to screening technique for flooding parent of Direct-seeding Rice breeding |
| CN105612864B (en) * | 2016-01-28 | 2018-03-16 | 华中农业大学 | A kind of promotion next seed-pelleting method for broadcasting full stand of wet direct-seeding rice flooding condition |
| CN107079755A (en) * | 2017-05-16 | 2017-08-22 | 王中海 | A kind of paddy rice soaks type of seeding |
| CN107258415A (en) * | 2017-08-08 | 2017-10-20 | 四川农业大学 | A kind of Direct-seeding Rice of screening is emerged the method for resistance to anaerobism kind |
-
2019
- 2019-10-12 CN CN201910965751.XA patent/CN110574652B/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN110574652A (en) | 2019-12-17 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN104303747A (en) | Method for cultivating lycium ruthenicum in saline and alkaline land | |
| CN110012797B (en) | Whole-course mechanized cultivation method for wheat with rice stubble | |
| CN105993570A (en) | Interplanting method for fritillaria thunbergii and soybean | |
| CN105309176A (en) | A high-efficiency planting method for radix bupleuri | |
| CN107306659B (en) | Yellow river delta severe chloride clay saline-alkali soil intercropping crop rotation planting mode | |
| CN103703982A (en) | Isatis root high-yield planting method | |
| CN105027935A (en) | Peanut high-yield cultivation method | |
| CN103766098A (en) | Green Chinese onion planting method | |
| CN107969305A (en) | A kind of anti drought cultivation method of Radix Codonopsis | |
| CN110574652B (en) | Paddy flooding direct seeding planting method | |
| CN106508586B (en) | A kind of cultivation technique of young age large cherry interplanting Opius dimidiatus Ashmead | |
| CN105935035B (en) | A kind of Huanghe delta mild or moderate rice in saline-alkali field mechanized direct sowing cultural method | |
| CN103210752A (en) | Watermelon-rice interplanting method | |
| CN112602547B (en) | Corn no-tillage stubble-remaining water-supplementing sowing method | |
| CN107535290A (en) | A kind of paddy rice planting method | |
| CN110810153A (en) | High-yield cultivation method for day lily in hilly area | |
| CN108849331A (en) | A kind of cultural method of rice | |
| CN110063230A (en) | Efficient cultivation technique is interplanted in radix bupleuri crop rotation | |
| CN106856942A (en) | Wheat one broadcasts full stand method under the conditions of a kind of sandy loess straw-returning | |
| CN110122240A (en) | A kind of water chestnut two-stages seeding method | |
| CN106550736A (en) | Radix Astragali technology is planted leanly in south | |
| CN104255358A (en) | Powder ridge early-tillering large-spike ultrahigh yield cultivation method for paddy rice | |
| CN109923984A (en) | A kind of tobacco field three-stage green manure original position method of administration | |
| CN113966703A (en) | High-yield and high-efficiency planting method for regenerated rice | |
| CN110073919B (en) | Wide-narrow row soil moisture detection, ridging, rain collection and furrow sowing high-yield method for rain-cultured wheat in double cropping area of Heilonggang |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| TR01 | Transfer of patent right | ||
| TR01 | Transfer of patent right |
Effective date of registration: 20221214 Address after: Room 309, No. 79, Yaotianhe Street, Yonghe Economic Zone, Guangzhou Development Zone, 510000 Guangdong Province Patentee after: Guangdong Golden Rice Seed Industry Co.,Ltd. Address before: 510640, No. 3 East Street, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Tianhe District Patentee before: RICE Research Institute GUANGDONG ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES |