CN110558179A - Method for planting rice in coastal saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
Method for planting rice in coastal saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN110558179A CN110558179A CN201910913270.4A CN201910913270A CN110558179A CN 110558179 A CN110558179 A CN 110558179A CN 201910913270 A CN201910913270 A CN 201910913270A CN 110558179 A CN110558179 A CN 110558179A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
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Abstract
the invention discloses a method for planting rice in coastal saline-alkali soil, which has the technical scheme key points that the method comprises the following steps: and S1 improvement: uniformly spreading 1600-1800KG soil conditioner on the ground surface, carrying out rotary tillage for 15-20cm, deeply ploughing for 35-40cm, then uniformly spreading 1600-1800KG soil conditioner on the ground surface, and carrying out rotary tillage for 15-20 cm; s2 lavage: irrigating water to dissolve salt, and reducing the pH value and the alkalization degree of the soil after draining; s3 soil preparation; s4 fertilizing; s5 sowing; s6 breeding; s7 harvesting; the soil conditioner comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-25 parts of desulfurized gypsum; 25-30 parts of phosphogypsum; 6-10 parts of citric acid; 25-30 parts of phytic acid modified attapulgite. The coastal saline-alkali soil is directly influenced by seawater, chloride salts are uniformly distributed above and below the section, and sodium ions are strongly absorbed by soil colloid after reaching a certain concentration, so that the absorption of plants on elements such as potassium, calcium, nitrogen and the like is interfered, and the deficiency disease is caused. By adding the composite soil conditioner, the improvement effect on saline-alkali soil is good.
Description
Technical Field
the invention relates to rice planting, in particular to a method for planting rice in coastal saline-alkali soil.
background
Saline-alkali soil refers to soil with accumulated salts, and the normal growth of crops can be influenced by the salts contained in the soil, so that plants in serious saline-alkali soil regions can hardly survive. As more than 9900 million hectares of saline-alkali soil exist in China, the comprehensive treatment, development and utilization of the saline-alkali soil are of great significance at present when the land resources are increasingly deficient.
as a domestic main grain crop, rice needs to be planted on saline-alkali soil to utilize precious land resources, and rice varieties or saline-alkali soil needs to be improved.
Chinese patent with publication number CN103283338B discloses a method for planting rice in saline-alkali soil, which comprises the following steps: applying calcium sulfate powder to the soil of the saline-alkali soil, carrying out ion exchange reaction with the salt in the saline-alkali soil, and carrying out ploughing and stirring to obtain the saline-alkali soil with soft soil; adding water into the soft saline-alkali soil, dissolving salt which does not participate in the reaction and neutral salt obtained after the reaction, and irrigating to obtain the weakly alkaline soil; applying a base fertilizer prepared by aerobic fermentation of compound biological bacteria, plant protein, starch, trace elements and cow dung in the soil with alkalescent soil to obtain soil added with the fertilizer; rice seedlings are inserted into the soil added with the fertilizer, and plant nutrient solution is regularly sprayed until the rice is mature.
In the method for planting the rice in the saline-alkali soil, calcium sulfate powder is used for exchanging replaceable sodium ions on the soil colloid, so that the sodium ions are transferred into the soil solution from the soil colloid, then the soil solution is irrigated and removed, and finally the biological organic fertilizer is used for improving the soil fertility, so that rice seedlings can normally survive. Although the calcium sulfate powder is combined with the irrigation mode to reduce the pH value and the alkalization degree of the soil, the effect is still not ideal, and the influence on the soil texture is small, so that the improvement is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
aiming at the technical defects, the invention aims to provide a method for planting rice in coastal saline-alkali soil, which has good saline-alkali soil improvement effect and high rice yield.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for planting rice in coastal saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
And S1 improvement: uniformly spreading 1600-1800KG soil conditioner on the ground surface, carrying out rotary tillage for 15-20cm, deeply ploughing for 35-40cm, then uniformly spreading 1600-1800KG soil conditioner on the ground surface, and carrying out rotary tillage for 15-20 cm;
S2 lavage: irrigating water to dissolve salt, and reducing the pH value and the alkalization degree of the soil after draining;
S3 soil preparation: clearing weeds and reeds, and carrying out rotary tillage for 15-20 cm;
s4 fertilization: applying compound fertilizer with the dosage of 35-40 jin/mu, and then carrying out rotary tillage for 15-20cm to keep the soil moist;
S5 sowing: coating rice seeds, drying in the sun, soaking for 24-48h at 23-25 ℃, then soaking the seeds intermittently, turning over during soaking to adjust the temperature above and below the seed soaking pool and the oxygen content in water, then accelerating germination to obtain rice seedlings, planting the rice seedlings at a sowing amount of 24-26 jin/mu, and watering after sowing;
s6 breeding;
and S7 harvesting: harvesting after the rice yellowing complete maturity rate reaches 95%, wherein the stubble cutting height is 15-20 cm;
the soil conditioner comprises the following components in parts by weight:
20-25 parts of desulfurized gypsum;
25-30 parts of phosphogypsum;
6-10 parts of citric acid;
25-30 parts of phytic acid modified attapulgite;
the preparation process of the phytic acid modified attapulgite comprises the following steps:
Firstly, preparing a phytic acid aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 4-6%, mixing attapulgite and a phytic acid aqueous solution according to the solid-liquid mass ratio of 1 (8-10), then adding sodium hexametaphosphate accounting for 0.2-0.3% of the mass of the attapulgite, uniformly stirring, heating to 80-100 ℃, and reacting for 3-5 hours;
and step two, cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished, filtering, drying, crushing, and sieving by a 200-mesh sieve to obtain the phytic acid modified attapulgite.
by adopting the technical scheme, the coastal saline-alkali soil is directly influenced by seawater, chloride salts are uniformly distributed on the upper part and the lower part of the section, and sodium ions are strongly absorbed by soil colloid after reaching a certain concentration, so that the absorption of plants on elements such as potassium, calcium, nitrogen and the like is interfered, and the deficiency disease is caused. When the salt content is more than 0.6%, the saline soil is called saline soil, and when the pH is more than 8.5 and the alkalization degree is more than 15%, the saline soil becomes alkaline earth.
after being doped, the desulfurized gypsum is mixed with the sodium ion-containing plate layer which is not easy to permeate water, and as the calcium ions have stronger adsorption capacity to the colloid particles in the soil than the sodium ions, the originally adsorbed sodium ions can be subjected to ion exchange with the calcium ions in the soil solution, and the outer layer of the calcium ion-containing colloid particles does not adsorb water molecules, the soil forms a granular structure, thereby being beneficial to the growth of crop root systems and the absorption of water and nutrients in the soil. The action mechanism of the phosphogypsum is similar to that of desulfurized gypsum, and the phosphogypsum supplements phosphorus elements required by crop growth.
the attapulgite is a water-containing chain layered magnesium-rich aluminosilicate mineral, the crystal of the attapulgite is rod-shaped and fibrous, and a through hole is formed in the layer, so that the attapulgite has a better specific surface area. The attapulgite has good cation exchangeability, salt and alkali resistance, can effectively reduce the alkalization degree, has high water absorption and caking property, can coordinate the water, fertilizer and gas heat of soil, and improves the soil fertility. Meanwhile, the attapulgite contains higher mineral nutrient elements, improves trace elements and is beneficial to the growth of crops.
the phytic acid is saturated cyclic fatty acid, the attapulgite is modified by the phytic acid, the rod crystal bundles are dissociated into single rod crystals, the cation exchange capacity of the rod crystals is further improved, the removal effect on replaceable sodium ions is good, and the saline-alkali soil can be remarkably and quickly improved to be recovered to normal soil.
The invention is further configured to: the soil conditioner also comprises 2-3 parts of polyacrylamide.
by adopting the technical scheme, the acylamino in the molecular structure of the polyacrylamide is easy to form hydrogen bonds, so that the polyacrylamide has good water solubility, can generate a series of chemical reactions such as hydrolysis, degradation, affinity, adsorption, crosslinking and the like with a plurality of substances in soil, has good condensation effect, forms aggregates, improves the soil texture and improves the rice yield.
the invention is further configured to: the soil conditioner also comprises 5-8 parts of ginkgo biloba polysaccharide.
by adopting the technical scheme, the ginkgo polysaccharide molecular structure has a plurality of hydrophilic hydroxyls, and the hydrophilic hydroxyls are adsorbed on polyacrylamide soil granules, so that the improvement effect of the saline-alkali soil is promoted.
The invention is further configured to: the preparation process of the ginkgo polysaccharide comprises the following steps:
firstly, picking ginkgo leaves, cleaning, crushing and drying to obtain leaf powder;
Secondly, according to the solid-liquid mass ratio of 1 (6-8), immersing the leaf powder into petroleum ether, heating to 60-80 ℃, reacting for 20-30min, filtering, and washing with alcohol to obtain degreased leaf powder;
thirdly, according to the solid-liquid mass ratio of 1 (6-8), immersing the degreased blade powder into water, heating to boil, reacting for 2-3h, performing suction filtration to obtain an extracting solution, centrifuging again, and taking supernatant;
fourthly, heating the clear liquid to 130-150 ℃, and reacting for 40-50min to obtain the ginkgo polysaccharide.
by adopting the technical scheme, the ginkgo leaves are used as raw materials, so that the cost is reduced.
the invention is further configured to: the rice seeds are selected from any one of Xiushui 134, Xiushui 121 and Xiushui 14.
by adopting the technical scheme, the salt-resistant composite material has proper salt resistance and strong adaptability.
The invention is further configured to: s6 breeding comprises water slurry management, fertilizer management, weeding and pest control; the water slurry management comprises the following processes: firstly, irrigating the rice seedlings with less water in a period from 1 leaf to 1 heart of 3 leaves; second, normal water layer management is carried out in the 3-5 leaf period, and water is preserved for 2-3 days each time; thirdly, water is preserved for 4 to 5 days in the 5 to 8 leaf period; fourthly, pouring 3 leaves until the sword leaves are extracted, adopting interval irrigation, ventilating in the open air for 2-3 days, and then watering; fifthly, extracting the sword leaves until the sword leaves are flush with the spikes, irrigating with shallow water, and dewatering for multiple times for field laying for 1-2 days; aligning ears until the harvest period, mainly wetting, and controlling the dehydration degree according to the color of the soil surface, water marks and imprint; seventhly, harvesting the seeds in the morning and at night according to maturity, and cutting off water in batches 7 days in advance.
the invention is further configured to: the fertilizer management comprises the following processes: firstly, 25 jin/mu of urea is applied in the 1-leaf period of 2 leaves, and 25 jin/mu of urea is applied in the 5-6-leaf period in a combined manner of twice sealing; secondly, when the remaining amount of the leaf age is 4 leaves, applying 40 jin/mu of compound fertilizer; and thirdly, when the remainder of the leaf age is 2 leaves, applying 20 jin/mu of urea.
the invention is further configured to: the compound fertilizer is a ternary compound fertilizer.
the invention is further configured to: the weeding comprises the following processes: firstly, sowing for 3 days, and spraying 30 percent bensulfuron methyl pretilachlor in a grass-sealing manner, wherein the using amount is 120 g/mu; secondly, 20-30 days after sowing, spraying 15% cyhalofop-butyl according to the dosage of 100 ml/mu, and spraying 25% quinclorac according to the dosage of 80 ml/mu, applying the pesticide when the soil is kept in a wet state, watering 24 hours after the pesticide application, and keeping the water for 1 day; thirdly, after sowing for 35 to 40 days, according to the dosage of 120 g/mu, 40 percent of bensulfuron methyl pretilachlor and urea are evenly stirred, and water is reserved for 3 to 4 days after spreading.
The invention is further configured to: the pest and disease prevention comprises the following processes; firstly, adding 15-20 g/mu of 25% pymetrozine, 10 g/mu of 50% pymetrozine or 80% nitenpyram, and controlling rice planthoppers by 12-15 g/mu of pymetrozine; secondly, adding 15-20 ml/mu of 20% chlorantraniliprole or 8-10 ml/mu of 35% chlorantraniliprole to prevent and control leaf rollers; thirdly, seed soaking treatment is carried out by using 2000 times of solution of 75 percent tricyclazole, and rice blast is prevented and treated.
By adopting the technical scheme, reasonable and scientific planting is carried out according to the condition of saline-alkali soil, and the rice yield is favorably improved.
In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. The improved soil conditioner has good improvement effect on coastal saline-alkali soil;
2. The reasonable and scientific planting method is beneficial to improving the yield of rice planted on the coastal saline-alkali soil.
drawings
fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the first to third embodiments.
Detailed Description
the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The first embodiment is as follows:
A method for planting rice in coastal saline-alkali soil, as shown in figure 1, comprises the following steps:
S0 reclamation: dividing the whole saline-alkali land block into a plurality of blocks according to the area, wherein the area of each block is 500 mu, each block is divided into 10 strip fields on average, a drainage and irrigation road system is arranged to ensure that drainage and irrigation water is smooth, water inlet and drainage are separated as much as possible, return irrigation water is avoided, underground pipes are arranged below the strip fields, a large drainage pump station needs to be built if a drainage river is influenced by peripheral ocean tides, and the normal water level of the drainage river is kept 20cm lower than the field surface;
and S1 improvement: firstly, uniformly scattering 1600KG soil conditioner on the ground surface, carrying out rotary tillage for 15cm, deeply ploughing for 35cm, then uniformly scattering 1600KG soil conditioner on the ground surface, and carrying out rotary tillage for 15 cm;
s2 lavage: irrigating water to dissolve salt, and reducing the pH value and the alkalization degree of the soil after draining;
s3 soil preparation: clearing weeds and reeds, and carrying out rotary tillage for 15 cm;
s4 fertilization: applying a ternary compound fertilizer with the dosage of 35 jin/mu, carrying out rotary tillage for 15cm, and keeping the soil moist;
s5 sowing: coating the seeds according to the mass ratio of 1:80 of the Tiange source seed coating agent to the rice seeds, airing, soaking for 24 hours at the temperature of 23 ℃, soaking the seeds intermittently, turning over during the seed soaking period to adjust the upper and lower temperatures in the seed soaking pool and the oxygen content in water, accelerating germination to obtain rice seedlings, sowing the rice seedlings at the sowing amount of 24 jin/mu, feeding water after sowing, and selecting 134 rice seeds;
s6 breeding: the water slurry management comprises the following processes: firstly, irrigating the rice seedlings with less water in the period from 1 leaf to 3 leaf and 1 heart, namely, after the water is applied to the rice seedlings, the water is applied to the rice seedlings after several days, the number of the water applied to the rice seedlings is gradually increased according to soil and weather, and a water layer can be established when 3 leaves and 1 heart are strived for, and the rice seedlings enter a normal water pipe; second, normal water layer management is carried out in the 3-5 leaf period, and water is preserved for 2 days each time; thirdly, water is preserved for 4 days in the 5-8 leaf period; fourthly, pouring 3 leaves until the sword leaves are extracted, adopting interval irrigation, ventilating in the open air for 2 days, and then watering; fifthly, extracting the sword leaves until the sword leaves are flush with the spikes, irrigating with shallow water, dehydrating for multiple times and laying the field for 1 day; aligning ears until the harvest period, mainly wetting, and controlling the dehydration degree according to the color of the soil surface, water marks and imprint; seventhly, harvesting the seeds in the morning and at night according to maturity, and cutting off water in batches 7 days in advance;
the fertilizer management comprises the following processes: firstly, 25 jin/mu of urea is applied in the 1-leaf period of 2 leaves, and 25 jin/mu of urea is applied in the 5-6-leaf period in a combined manner of twice sealing; secondly, when the remaining amount of the leaf age is 4 leaves, applying 40 jin/mu of ternary compound fertilizer; thirdly, when the residue of the leaf age is 2 leaves, applying 20 jin/mu of urea;
weeding comprises the following processes: firstly, sowing for 3 days, and spraying 30 percent bensulfuron methyl pretilachlor in a grass-sealing manner, wherein the using amount is 120 g/mu; secondly, 20 days after sowing, spraying 15% cyhalofop-butyl according to the dosage of 100 ml/mu, spraying 25% quinclorac according to the dosage of 80 ml/mu, applying the pesticide when the soil is kept in a wet state, watering 24 hours after the pesticide application, and keeping the water for 1 day; thirdly, uniformly stirring 40 percent of bensulfuron methyl pretilachlor and urea according to the dosage of 120 g/mu 35 days after sowing, and preserving water for 3 days after spreading;
the pest and disease prevention comprises the following processes; firstly, adding 15 g/mu of 25% pymetrozine or 10 g/mu of 50% pymetrozine or 80% nitenpyram, and controlling rice planthoppers by 12 g/mu of pymetrozine; adding 15 ml/mu of 20% chlorantraniliprole or 8 ml/mu of 35% chlorantraniliprole to prevent and control leaf rollers; thirdly, seed soaking treatment is carried out by using 2000 times of solution of 75 percent tricyclazole, and rice blast is prevented and treated.
and S7 harvesting: harvesting after the rice yellowing complete maturity rate reaches 95%, wherein the stubble cutting height is 20 cm.
example two:
A method for planting rice in coastal saline-alkali soil, as shown in figure 1, comprises the following steps:
s0 reclamation: dividing the whole saline-alkali land block into a plurality of blocks according to the area, wherein the area of each block is 500 mu, each block is divided into 10 strip fields on average, a drainage and irrigation road system is arranged to ensure that drainage and irrigation water is smooth, water inlet and drainage are separated as much as possible, return irrigation water is avoided, underground pipes are arranged below the strip fields, a large drainage pump station needs to be built if a drainage river is influenced by peripheral ocean tides, and the normal water level of the drainage river is kept 20cm lower than the field surface;
And S1 improvement: firstly, uniformly spreading 1800KG soil conditioner on the ground surface, carrying out rotary tillage for 20cm, deeply ploughing for 40cm, then uniformly spreading 1800KG soil conditioner on the ground surface, and carrying out rotary tillage for 20 cm;
S2 lavage: irrigating water to dissolve salt, and reducing the pH value and the alkalization degree of the soil after draining;
S3 soil preparation: clearing weeds and reeds, and carrying out rotary tillage for 20 cm;
S4 fertilization: applying a ternary compound fertilizer with the dosage of 40 jin/mu, and then carrying out rotary tillage for 20cm to keep the soil moist;
s5 sowing: coating the seeds according to the mass ratio of 1:80 of the Tiange source seed coating agent to the rice seeds, airing, soaking for 48 hours at the temperature of 25 ℃, soaking the seeds intermittently, turning over during the seed soaking period to adjust the upper and lower temperatures in the seed soaking pool and the oxygen content in water, accelerating germination to obtain rice seedlings, sowing the rice seedlings at the sowing amount of 26 jin/mu, feeding water after sowing, and selecting 121 rice seeds;
S6 breeding: the water slurry management comprises the following processes: firstly, irrigating the rice seedlings with less water in the period from 1 leaf to 3 leaf and 1 heart, namely, after the water is applied to the rice seedlings, the water is applied to the rice seedlings after several days, the number of the water applied to the rice seedlings is gradually increased according to soil and weather, and a water layer can be established when 3 leaves and 1 heart are strived for, and the rice seedlings enter a normal water pipe; second, normal water layer management is carried out for 3 days in the 3-5 leaf period; thirdly, water is preserved for 5 days in the 5-8 leaf period; fourthly, pouring 3 leaves until the sword leaves are extracted, adopting interval irrigation, ventilating in the open air for 3 days, and then watering; fifthly, extracting the sword leaves until the sword leaves are flush with the spikes, irrigating with shallow water, dehydrating for multiple times and laying the field for 2 days; aligning ears until the harvest period, mainly wetting, and controlling the dehydration degree according to the color of the soil surface, water marks and imprint; seventhly, harvesting the seeds in the morning and at night according to maturity, and cutting off water in batches 7 days in advance;
The fertilizer management comprises the following processes: firstly, 25 jin/mu of urea is applied in the 1-leaf period of 2 leaves, and 25 jin/mu of urea is applied in the 5-6-leaf period in a combined manner of twice sealing; secondly, when the remaining amount of the leaf age is 4 leaves, applying 40 jin/mu of ternary compound fertilizer; thirdly, when the residue of the leaf age is 2 leaves, applying 20 jin/mu of urea;
Weeding comprises the following processes: firstly, sowing for 3 days, and spraying 30 percent bensulfuron methyl pretilachlor in a grass-sealing manner, wherein the using amount is 120 g/mu; secondly, spraying 15% cyhalofop-butyl at a dosage of 100 ml/mu and 25% quinclorac at a dosage of 80 ml/mu 30 days after sowing, applying the pesticide when the soil is kept in a wet state, watering 24 hours after the pesticide application, and keeping the water for 1 day; thirdly, uniformly stirring 40 percent of the bensulfuron methyl propisochlor and urea according to the dosage of 120 g/mu 40 days after sowing, and preserving water for 4 days after spreading;
the pest and disease prevention comprises the following processes; firstly, adding 20 g/mu of 25% pymetrozine or 10 g/mu of 50% pymetrozine or 15 g/mu of 80% nitenpyram to control rice planthoppers; secondly, 20 ml/mu of 20% chlorantraniliprole or 10 ml/mu of 35% chlorantraniliprole is added to prevent and control leaf rollers; thirdly, seed soaking treatment is carried out by using 2000 times of solution of 75 percent tricyclazole, and rice blast is prevented and treated.
And S7 harvesting: harvesting after the rice yellowing complete maturity rate reaches 95%, wherein the stubble cutting height is 15 cm.
Example three:
A method for planting rice in coastal saline-alkali soil, as shown in figure 1, comprises the following steps:
s0 reclamation: dividing the whole saline-alkali land block into a plurality of blocks according to the area, wherein the area of each block is 500 mu, each block is divided into 10 strip fields on average, a drainage and irrigation road system is arranged to ensure that drainage and irrigation water is smooth, water inlet and drainage are separated as much as possible, return irrigation water is avoided, underground pipes are arranged below the strip fields, a large drainage pump station needs to be built if a drainage river is influenced by peripheral ocean tides, and the normal water level of the drainage river is kept 20cm lower than the field surface;
and S1 improvement: firstly, uniformly spreading a 1700KG soil conditioner on the ground surface, carrying out rotary tillage for 18cm, deeply ploughing for 38cm, then uniformly spreading the 1700KG soil conditioner on the ground surface, and carrying out rotary tillage for 18 cm;
s2 lavage: irrigating water to dissolve salt, and reducing the pH value and the alkalization degree of the soil after draining;
S3 soil preparation: clearing weeds and reeds, and carrying out rotary tillage for 18 cm;
s4 fertilization: applying a ternary compound fertilizer with the dosage of 38 jin/mu, carrying out rotary tillage for 18cm, and keeping the soil moist;
S5 sowing: coating the seeds according to the mass ratio of 1:80 of the Tiange source seed coating agent to the rice seeds, airing, soaking for 36 hours at 24 ℃, soaking the seeds intermittently, turning over during the seed soaking period to adjust the upper and lower temperature in the seed soaking pool and the oxygen content in water, accelerating germination to obtain rice seedlings, sowing the rice seedlings with the sowing amount of 25 jin/mu, feeding water after sowing, and selecting 14 rice seeds;
S6 breeding: the water slurry management comprises the following processes: firstly, irrigating the rice seedlings with less water in the period from 1 leaf to 3 leaf and 1 heart, namely, after the water is applied to the rice seedlings, the water is applied to the rice seedlings after several days, the number of the water applied to the rice seedlings is gradually increased according to soil and weather, and a water layer can be established when 3 leaves and 1 heart are strived for, and the rice seedlings enter a normal water pipe; second, normal water layer management is carried out in the 3-5 leaf period, and water is preserved for 2 days each time; thirdly, water is preserved for 4 days in the 5-8 leaf period; fourthly, pouring 3 leaves until the sword leaves are extracted, adopting interval irrigation, ventilating in the open air for 2 days, and then watering; fifthly, extracting the sword leaves until the sword leaves are flush with the spikes, irrigating with shallow water, dehydrating for multiple times and laying the field for 1 day; aligning ears until the harvest period, mainly wetting, and controlling the dehydration degree according to the color of the soil surface, water marks and imprint; seventhly, harvesting the seeds in the morning and at night according to maturity, and cutting off water in batches 7 days in advance;
the fertilizer management comprises the following processes: firstly, 25 jin/mu of urea is applied in the 1-leaf period of 2 leaves, and 25 jin/mu of urea is applied in the 5-6-leaf period in a combined manner of twice sealing; secondly, when the remaining amount of the leaf age is 4 leaves, applying 40 jin/mu of ternary compound fertilizer; thirdly, when the residue of the leaf age is 2 leaves, applying 20 jin/mu of urea;
Weeding comprises the following processes: firstly, sowing for 3 days, and spraying 30 percent bensulfuron methyl pretilachlor in a grass-sealing manner, wherein the using amount is 120 g/mu; secondly, 20 days after sowing, spraying 15% cyhalofop-butyl according to the dosage of 100 ml/mu, spraying 25% quinclorac according to the dosage of 80 ml/mu, applying the pesticide when the soil is kept in a wet state, watering 24 hours after the pesticide application, and keeping the water for 1 day; thirdly, uniformly stirring 40 percent of bensulfuron methyl pretilachlor and urea according to the dosage of 120 g/mu 35 days after sowing, and preserving water for 3 days after spreading;
The pest and disease prevention comprises the following processes; firstly, adding 18 g/mu of 25% pymetrozine or 10 g/mu of 50% pymetrozine or 80% nitenpyram to prevent and control rice planthoppers; secondly, adding 18 ml/mu of 20% chlorantraniliprole or 9 ml/mu of 35% chlorantraniliprole to prevent and control leaf rollers; thirdly, seed soaking treatment is carried out by using 2000 times of solution of 75 percent tricyclazole, and rice blast is prevented and treated.
And S7 harvesting: harvesting after the rice yellowing complete maturity rate reaches 95%, wherein the stubble cutting height is 20 cm.
Example four:
The soil conditioner in the first to third embodiments comprises the following components in parts by weight:
20 parts of desulfurized gypsum;
25 parts of phosphogypsum;
6 parts of citric acid;
25 parts of phytic acid modified attapulgite;
2 parts of anionic polyacrylamide;
and 5 parts of ginkgo polysaccharide.
The preparation process of the phytic acid modified attapulgite comprises the following steps:
Firstly, preparing a phytic acid aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 4%, mixing attapulgite and the phytic acid aqueous solution according to the solid-liquid mass ratio of 1:8, then adding sodium hexametaphosphate accounting for 0.2% of the mass of the attapulgite, uniformly stirring, heating to 80 ℃, and reacting for 3 hours;
And step two, cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished, filtering, drying, crushing, and sieving by a 200-mesh sieve to obtain the phytic acid modified attapulgite.
the preparation process of the ginkgo polysaccharide comprises the following steps:
Firstly, picking ginkgo leaves or fallen leaves falling naturally within 3 days, cleaning, crushing and drying to obtain leaf powder;
secondly, soaking the leaf powder into petroleum ether according to the solid-liquid mass ratio of 1:6, heating to 60 ℃, reacting for 20min, filtering, and washing with ethanol to obtain degreased leaf powder;
thirdly, soaking the degreased blade powder into water according to the solid-liquid mass ratio of 1:6, heating to boil, reacting for 2 hours, performing suction filtration to obtain an extracting solution, centrifuging again, and taking supernatant;
fourthly, heating the clear liquid to 130 ℃, and reacting for 40min to obtain the ginkgo biloba extract.
Example five:
The soil conditioner in the first to third embodiments comprises the following components in parts by weight:
25 parts of desulfurized gypsum;
30 parts of phosphogypsum;
10 parts of citric acid;
30 parts of phytic acid modified attapulgite;
3 parts of anionic polyacrylamide;
And 8 parts of ginkgo polysaccharide.
the preparation process of the phytic acid modified attapulgite comprises the following steps:
firstly, preparing a phytic acid aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 6%, mixing attapulgite and the phytic acid aqueous solution according to the solid-liquid mass ratio of 1:10, adding sodium hexametaphosphate accounting for 0.3% of the mass of the attapulgite, uniformly stirring, heating to 100 ℃, and reacting for 5 hours;
And step two, cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished, filtering, drying, crushing, and sieving by a 200-mesh sieve to obtain the phytic acid modified attapulgite.
The preparation process of the ginkgo polysaccharide comprises the following steps:
Firstly, picking ginkgo leaves or fallen leaves falling naturally within 3 days, cleaning, crushing and drying to obtain leaf powder;
secondly, soaking the leaf powder into petroleum ether according to the solid-liquid mass ratio of 1:8, heating to 80 ℃, reacting for 30min, filtering, and washing with ethanol to obtain degreased leaf powder;
Thirdly, soaking the degreased blade powder into water according to the solid-liquid mass ratio of 1:8, heating to boil, reacting for 3 hours, performing suction filtration to obtain an extracting solution, centrifuging again, and taking supernatant;
fourthly, heating the clear liquid to 150 ℃, and reacting for 50min to obtain the ginkgo biloba extract.
example six:
the soil conditioner in the first to third embodiments comprises the following components in parts by weight:
22 parts of desulfurized gypsum;
28 parts of phosphogypsum;
8 parts of citric acid;
28 parts of phytic acid modified attapulgite;
2.5 parts of anionic polyacrylamide;
and 7 parts of ginkgo polysaccharide.
the preparation process of the phytic acid modified attapulgite comprises the following steps:
firstly, preparing a phytic acid aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 5%, mixing attapulgite and the phytic acid aqueous solution according to the solid-liquid mass ratio of 1:9, adding sodium hexametaphosphate accounting for 0.25% of the mass of the attapulgite, uniformly stirring, heating to 90 ℃, and reacting for 4 hours;
And step two, cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished, filtering, drying, crushing, and sieving by a 200-mesh sieve to obtain the phytic acid modified attapulgite.
the preparation process of the ginkgo polysaccharide comprises the following steps:
firstly, picking ginkgo leaves or fallen leaves falling naturally within 3 days, cleaning, crushing and drying to obtain leaf powder;
secondly, soaking the leaf powder into petroleum ether according to the solid-liquid mass ratio of 1:7, heating to 70 ℃, reacting for 25min, filtering, and washing with ethanol to obtain degreased leaf powder;
thirdly, soaking the degreased blade powder into water according to the solid-liquid mass ratio of 1:7, heating to boil, reacting for 2.5 hours, performing suction filtration to obtain an extracting solution, centrifuging again, and taking supernatant;
Fourthly, heating the clear liquid to 140 ℃, and reacting for 45min to obtain the ginkgo biloba extract.
Example seven:
the difference from example six is that anionic polyacrylamide is not included.
Example eight:
the difference from example six is that no ginkgo biloba polysaccharides are included.
comparative example one:
The difference from example six is that the phytic acid modified attapulgite was not included.
Comparative example two:
the difference from the sixth example is that the phytic acid modified attapulgite is replaced by the normal attapulgite.
comparative example three:
the difference from the sixth example is that the soil conditioner is only desulfurized gypsum.
and (3) testing the performance of the soil conditioner:
and the soil conditioner of the fourth to eighth examples and the first to third comparative examples is adopted to improve the same saline-alkali soil. The improvement method comprises the following steps: uniformly spreading 1800KG soil conditioner on the ground surface, carrying out rotary tillage for 20cm, deeply ploughing for 40cm, then uniformly spreading 1800KG soil conditioner on the ground surface, and carrying out rotary tillage for 20 cm; lavage is performed 2 times every two hectares with 5000KG water every two hectares. The PH value of a 0-20cm soil layer of the saline-alkali soil before improvement is 8.64, the alkalization degree is 13.6%, the total salt is 0.92%, and the conditions of the 0-20cm soil layer of the saline-alkali soil after improvement are shown in the following table.
soil conditioner performance test result recording table
| pH value | degree of alkalization/%) | total salt/%) | |
| Example four | 7.98 | 8.3 | 0.35 |
| EXAMPLE five | 8.01 | 8.3 | 0.34 |
| EXAMPLE six | 7.94 | 8.1 | 0.31 |
| EXAMPLE seven | 8.15 | 9.2 | 0.48 |
| Example eight | 8.14 | 9.1 | 0.46 |
| comparative example 1 | 8.22 | 9.7 | 0.53 |
| Comparative example No. two | 8.13 | 9.2 | 0.48 |
| comparative example No. three | 8.42 | 11.4 | 0.66 |
the present embodiment is only for explaining the present invention, and it is not limited to the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a method for planting rice on coastal saline-alkali soil is characterized by comprising the following steps:
and S1 improvement: uniformly spreading 1600-1800KG soil conditioner on the ground surface, carrying out rotary tillage for 15-20cm, deeply ploughing for 35-40cm, then uniformly spreading 1600-1800KG soil conditioner on the ground surface, and carrying out rotary tillage for 15-20 cm;
s2 lavage: irrigating water to dissolve salt, and reducing the pH value and the alkalization degree of the soil after draining;
s3 soil preparation: clearing weeds and reeds, and carrying out rotary tillage for 15-20 cm;
s4 fertilization: applying compound fertilizer with the dosage of 35-40 jin/mu, and then carrying out rotary tillage for 15-20cm to keep the soil moist;
s5 sowing: coating rice seeds, drying in the sun, soaking for 24-48h at 23-25 ℃, then soaking the seeds intermittently, turning over during soaking to adjust the temperature above and below the seed soaking pool and the oxygen content in water, then accelerating germination to obtain rice seedlings, planting the rice seedlings at a sowing amount of 24-26 jin/mu, and watering after sowing;
S6 breeding;
and S7 harvesting: harvesting after the rice yellowing complete maturity rate reaches 95%, wherein the stubble cutting height is 15-20 cm;
the soil conditioner comprises the following components in parts by weight:
20-25 parts of desulfurized gypsum;
25-30 parts of phosphogypsum;
6-10 parts of citric acid;
25-30 parts of phytic acid modified attapulgite;
the preparation process of the phytic acid modified attapulgite comprises the following steps:
firstly, preparing a phytic acid aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 4-6%, mixing attapulgite and a phytic acid aqueous solution according to the solid-liquid mass ratio of 1 (8-10), then adding sodium hexametaphosphate accounting for 0.2-0.3% of the mass of the attapulgite, uniformly stirring, heating to 80-100 ℃, and reacting for 3-5 hours;
and step two, cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished, filtering, drying, crushing, and sieving by a 200-mesh sieve to obtain the phytic acid modified attapulgite.
2. the method for planting rice on the coastal saline-alkali land according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the soil conditioner also comprises 2-3 parts of polyacrylamide.
3. The method for planting rice on the coastal saline-alkali land as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: the soil conditioner also comprises 5-8 parts of ginkgo biloba polysaccharide.
4. The method for planting rice on the coastal saline-alkali land as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: the preparation process of the ginkgo polysaccharide comprises the following steps:
firstly, picking ginkgo leaves, cleaning, crushing and drying to obtain leaf powder;
secondly, according to the solid-liquid mass ratio of 1 (6-8), immersing the leaf powder into petroleum ether, heating to 60-80 ℃, reacting for 20-30min, filtering, and washing with alcohol to obtain degreased leaf powder;
thirdly, according to the solid-liquid mass ratio of 1 (6-8), immersing the degreased blade powder into water, heating to boil, reacting for 2-3h, performing suction filtration to obtain an extracting solution, centrifuging again, and taking supernatant;
fourthly, heating the clear liquid to 130-150 ℃, and reacting for 40-50min to obtain the ginkgo polysaccharide.
5. The method for planting rice on the coastal saline-alkali land according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the rice seeds are selected from any one of Xiushui 134, Xiushui 121 and Xiushui 14.
6. The method for planting rice on the coastal saline-alkali land according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: s6 breeding comprises water slurry management, fertilizer management, weeding and pest control; the water slurry management comprises the following processes: firstly, irrigating the rice seedlings with less water in a period from 1 leaf to 1 heart of 3 leaves; second, normal water layer management is carried out in the 3-5 leaf period, and water is preserved for 2-3 days each time; thirdly, water is preserved for 4 to 5 days in the 5 to 8 leaf period; fourthly, pouring 3 leaves until the sword leaves are extracted, adopting interval irrigation, ventilating in the open air for 2-3 days, and then watering; fifthly, extracting the sword leaves until the sword leaves are flush with the spikes, irrigating with shallow water, and dewatering for multiple times for field laying for 1-2 days; aligning ears until the harvest period, mainly wetting, and controlling the dehydration degree according to the color of the soil surface, water marks and imprint; seventhly, harvesting the seeds in the morning and at night according to maturity, and cutting off water in batches 7 days in advance.
7. the method for planting rice on the coastal saline-alkali land as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: the fertilizer management comprises the following processes: firstly, 25 jin/mu of urea is applied in the 1-leaf period of 2 leaves, and 25 jin/mu of urea is applied in the 5-6-leaf period in a combined manner of twice sealing; secondly, when the remaining amount of the leaf age is 4 leaves, applying 40 jin/mu of compound fertilizer; and thirdly, when the remainder of the leaf age is 2 leaves, applying 20 jin/mu of urea.
8. The method for planting rice on the coastal saline-alkali land according to claim 1 or 7, which is characterized in that: the compound fertilizer is a ternary compound fertilizer.
9. the method for planting rice on the coastal saline-alkali land as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: the weeding comprises the following processes: firstly, sowing for 3 days, and spraying 30 percent bensulfuron methyl pretilachlor in a grass-sealing manner, wherein the using amount is 120 g/mu; secondly, 20-30 days after sowing, spraying 15% cyhalofop-butyl according to the dosage of 100 ml/mu, and spraying 25% quinclorac according to the dosage of 80 ml/mu, applying the pesticide when the soil is kept in a wet state, watering 24 hours after the pesticide application, and keeping the water for 1 day; thirdly, after sowing for 35 to 40 days, according to the dosage of 120 g/mu, 40 percent of bensulfuron methyl pretilachlor and urea are evenly stirred, and water is reserved for 3 to 4 days after spreading.
10. the method for planting rice on the coastal saline-alkali land as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: the pest and disease prevention comprises the following processes; firstly, adding 15-20 g/mu of 25% pymetrozine, 10 g/mu of 50% pymetrozine or 80% nitenpyram, and controlling rice planthoppers by 12-15 g/mu of pymetrozine; secondly, adding 15-20 ml/mu of 20% chlorantraniliprole or 8-10 ml/mu of 35% chlorantraniliprole to prevent and control leaf rollers; thirdly, seed soaking treatment is carried out by using 2000 times of solution of 75 percent tricyclazole, and rice blast is prevented and treated.
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