CN103202196A - Method for quickly raising rice seedlings on upland field with saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
Method for quickly raising rice seedlings on upland field with saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN103202196A CN103202196A CN2013100901855A CN201310090185A CN103202196A CN 103202196 A CN103202196 A CN 103202196A CN 2013100901855 A CN2013100901855 A CN 2013100901855A CN 201310090185 A CN201310090185 A CN 201310090185A CN 103202196 A CN103202196 A CN 103202196A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for rice seedlings on upland field, in particular to a method for quickly raising the rice seedlings on the upland field with saline-alkali soil, and solves the technical problems that conventional rice seedling technologies are long in seedling raising period, severely impacted by low-temperature weather conditions, slow in rice seedling growth, prone to getting disease and high in seedling cost. The method includes: (1) soaking seeds; (2) seeding in matched soil; (3) covering with a film for accelerating germination; (4) controlling temperature to raising seedlings; and (5) ventilating and training the seedlings. The method promotes the seeds to germinate early and grow quickly, so that the seedling raising period is shortened, input of chemical agent is saved, saline-alkali resisting capability of rice seedlings is improved, rice seedling cost is greatly reduced, survival rate of transplanting is high, and the method is simple to operate, strong in operability, and applicable to large-scale seedling raising in rice cropping production on the saline-alkali soil and meanwhile applicable to rice seedling cultivation of green rice planting. The method is used for raising the rice seedlings on the upland field with the saline-alkali soil.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the rice seedling on upland field method.
Background technology
The song-Nen plain in China northeast large-area soda alkaline land that distributing, people find that rice-cultivating is one of the effective ways in biological treating saline land in the practice of soda alkaline land is administered in long-term improvement.In recent years, along with country increases the enforcement of grain plan and to continuing to increase that agricultural drops into, soda alkaline land paddy rice cultivated area constantly enlarges, the rice yield that thereupon manifests is low, the plantation deficiency in economic performance, and it is outstanding day by day to lack problem such as efficiency cultivation technology for high.Wherein, the rice in saline-alkali field difficulty of growing seedlings becomes primary problem demanding prompt solution.
Traditional seedling cultivation of rice technology mostly is the shed furrow and grows seedlings or coil and grow seedlings, and all belongs to the rice seedling on upland field technology.The benefit of this method is that seedling equipment is simple, is convenient to peasant household's independent operation, and simultaneously rice seedling on upland field is conducive to the rice shoot root system development, cultivating large seedling strong sprout, is convenient to transplant.But these methods also expose many problems, particularly in the salinization of soil area, are difficult to gather such as seedling bed earth, and the rice seedling growth is slow, and the seedbed phase is long, rice shoot susceptible disease etc.Conclusion is got up, and mainly has following several respects problem.
1, seedling bed earth is gathered difficulty, and bed mud acid basicity is wayward.The rice seedling phase is liked the soil environment of slant acidity, the pH value of general seedling bed earth requires between 4.5～6.5, this is difficult to collect in the salinization of soil area, even if collect soil relatively preferably, also need to carry out acid adjustment and handle, because soil itself has bigger resiliency, therefore the pH to bed soil is difficult to control, simultaneously, fetch earth to grow seedlings year after year and also cause the destruction of ecotope easily.
2, growing-seedling period is long, is subjected to the weather environmental influence bigger.The north many low temperature strong wind weather in spring, strong wind is bigger to the destructiveness of seedling cultivation of rice booth, the canopy phenomenon often occurs taking off, causes the death of whole booth rice shoot, and night, low temperature often caused freeze injury simultaneously, and rice seedling is emerged late, and growth is slow, and the seedbed phase was up to 40～50 days usually.
3, seedling cost height, and disease easily takes place.Because growing-seedling period is long, and often meets with chilling injury, rice seedling phase incidence of disease height, normal large tracts of land is broken out diseases such as damping off, causes the rice shoot mortality, has both caused the economic loss of growing seedlings, and also brings difficulty for the machine transplanting of rice in later stage.Often will admix a large amount of chemical agent in the seedbed soil when therefore growing seedlings, the paddy seedbed phase of while is long, and rice shoot experience " demulsification phase " requires constantly to apply fertilizer, and carries out seedling bed regulating acid etc., has increased material and the cost of labor of growing seedlings greatly.
Summary of the invention
It is long that the present invention will solve traditional seedling cultivation of rice technology cycle, is subjected to the microthermal climate condition influence big, and seedling growth is slow, susceptible disease, and the technical problem that seedling cost is high, and provide rice in saline-alkali field quick rice seedling on upland field method.
The quick rice seedling on upland field method of rice in saline-alkali field, specifically finish according to following steps:
One, compound concentration is 1.06g/cm
3～1.18g/cm
3Salt solution, seed is put into salt solution soaks seed, wherein soaking temperature is 36.5 ℃～38.5 ℃, seed soaking time is 24h～36h, the rinsing seed is 1～2 time again, rejects unfilled gtains, impurity and germ kind, obtains seeds treated;
Two, select acid turfy soil and aeolian sandy soil to be mixed as seedbed soil, the seedbed is flattened, the lining film, cover the seedbed soil that thickness is 5cm～7cm in the seedbed, flatten compacting again, sow the step 1 seeds treated then, every square metre of sowing 0.5kg～0.6kg, earthing 1cm～2cm covers and plants compacting again;
Three, spray water in step 2 seedbed soil after planting, make seedbed soil moistening fully, overlay film seals again, and the control ambient temperature is 20 ℃～35 ℃, and humidity is 30%～40%;
Four, take off film after emerging, continuing the control ambient temperature is 20 ℃～35 ℃, and humidity 30%～40%, and the moisturizing of spraying early morning every day spray NpK complex fertilizer weekly one time, and fertilizing amount is 8g/m
2～10g/m
2
Five, impose to send before transplanting and transfer fertilizer, every square metre sprays urea 8g～10g, ventilates to practicing seedling after 2～3 days, and rice shoot grows to 2 leaves, 1 heart, and the high 8cm～12cm of rice shoot, transplants, and finishes the quick rice seedling on upland field method of rice in saline-alkali field.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
The quick rice seedling on upland field technology of rice in saline-alkali field of the present invention, the rice transplanting survival rate can reach 100%, plants the survival rate that just can reach and will repeatedly mend after the conventional seedbed system transplanting, adopts quick rice seedling on upland field method disposablely to realize.Simultaneously significantly reduced seedling raise period and seedling cost, the quick rice seedling on upland field method of rice in saline-alkali field of the present invention has the following advantages:
1, the seed soaking of sorting seed by salt water, can remove the germ that invests on the seed on the one hand, reduce the generation of seedbed disease, screen full on the other hand, the seed seedling-raising that maturity is high is conducive to cultivate seedlings strong sprouts, makes rice shoot adapt to saline and alkaline adverse circumstance in advance, improve the salt tolerant alkali ability of rice shoot, can improve transplanting survival rate greatly.
2, adopt turfy soil as seedling bed earth, solved the problem that bed mud acid degree is difficult to regulate and control, have the effect of protecting fertile water conservation simultaneously, utilize growth of seedling, bed soil enters Honda when shoot transplanting equipment, increased the alkaline land soil content of organic matter, and the improvement that is conducive to Honda is fostered and apply fertilizer.
3, the overlay film temperature control is grown seedlings, can reduce the chilling injury climatic influences, promote that seed sprouting is fast, it is neat to emerge, and growing-seedling period is shortened in the back ramp of emerging greatly, reduced the generation of seedbed disease, also reduced simultaneously the expense of labor management, owing to do not use chemical agent in the seedling raising process, the rice shoot of cultivation is particularly suitable for green rice cultivation.
Namely grow to 2 leaves, 1 heart after 2 weeks according to seedling growth of the present invention, height of seedling 7cm～8cm, and the rice shoot that common seedling method is cultivated only is 1 leaf, the not enough 5cm of height of seedling, the rice seedling that the technology of the present invention is cultivated can be transplanted 15～20 days by more conventional rice seedling on upland field in advance, and transplanting survival rate can reach more than 95%.
The rice seedling incidence of disease of cultivating according to the present invention is 0 time, and common rice seedling on upland field is before sowing the chemicals treatment soil, and the whole seedbed phase need be sprayed acidifying water 3～5 times, sprays upright withered clean class medicament 2～3 times, could control the generation of rice shoot damping off.
The quick rice seedling on upland field method of rice in saline-alkali field of the present invention in sum, the rice in saline-alkali field transplanting survival rate is significantly improved, shorten growing-seedling period, reduce seedling cost, have remarkable economic efficiency, seedling-cultivating method of the present invention is workable, and is simple and easy to do, cost is low, and production has important directive significance and promotional value for rice in saline-alkali field.
The present invention is used for the quick rice seedling on upland field of rice in saline-alkali field.
Embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is not limited to following cited embodiment, also comprises any combination between each embodiment.
Embodiment one: the quick rice seedling on upland field method of present embodiment rice in saline-alkali field, specifically finish according to following steps:
One, compound concentration is 1.06g/cm
3～1.18g/cm
3Salt solution, seed is put into salt solution soaks seed, wherein soaking temperature is 36.5 ℃～38.5 ℃, seed soaking time is 24h～36h, the rinsing seed is 1～2 time again, rejects unfilled gtains, impurity and germ kind, obtains seeds treated;
Two, select acid turfy soil and aeolian sandy soil to be mixed as seedbed soil, the seedbed is flattened, the lining film, cover the seedbed soil that thickness is 5cm～7cm in the seedbed, flatten compacting again, sow the step 1 seeds treated then, every square metre of sowing 0.5kg～0.6kg, earthing 1cm～2cm covers and plants compacting again;
Three, spray water in step 2 seedbed soil after planting, make seedbed soil moistening fully, overlay film seals again, and the control ambient temperature is 20 ℃～35 ℃, and humidity is 30%～40%;
Four, take off film after emerging, continuing the control ambient temperature is 20 ℃～35 ℃, and humidity 30%～40%, and the moisturizing of spraying early morning every day spray NpK complex fertilizer weekly one time, and fertilizing amount is 8g/m
2～10g/m
2
Five, impose to send before transplanting and transfer fertilizer, every square metre sprays urea 8g～10g, ventilates to practicing seedling after 2～3 days, and rice shoot grows to 2 leaves, 1 heart, and the high 8cm～12cm of rice shoot, transplants, and finishes the quick rice seedling on upland field method of rice in saline-alkali field.
The quick rice seedling on upland field technology of the rice in saline-alkali field of present embodiment, the rice transplanting survival rate can reach 100%, plants the survival rate that just can reach and will repeatedly mend after the conventional seedbed system transplanting, adopts quick rice seedling on upland field method disposablely to realize.Simultaneously significantly reduced seedling raise period and seedling cost, the quick rice seedling on upland field method of rice in saline-alkali field of the present invention has the following advantages:
1, the seed soaking of sorting seed by salt water, can remove the germ that invests on the seed on the one hand, reduce the generation of seedbed disease, screen full on the other hand, the seed seedling-raising that maturity is high is conducive to cultivate seedlings strong sprouts, makes rice shoot adapt to saline and alkaline adverse circumstance in advance, improve the salt tolerant alkali ability of rice shoot, can improve transplanting survival rate greatly.
2, adopt turfy soil as seedling bed earth, solved the problem that bed mud acid degree is difficult to regulate and control, have the effect of protecting fertile water conservation simultaneously, utilize growth of seedling, bed soil enters Honda when shoot transplanting equipment, increased the alkaline land soil content of organic matter, and the improvement that is conducive to Honda is fostered and apply fertilizer.
3, the overlay film temperature control is grown seedlings, can reduce the chilling injury climatic influences, promote that seed sprouting is fast, it is neat to emerge, and growing-seedling period is shortened in the back ramp of emerging greatly, reduced the generation of seedbed disease, also reduced simultaneously the expense of labor management, owing to do not use chemical agent in the seedling raising process, the rice shoot of cultivation is particularly suitable for green rice cultivation.
Namely grow to 2 leaves, 1 heart after 2 weeks according to the present embodiment seedling growth, height of seedling 7cm～8cm, and the rice shoot that common seedling method is cultivated only is 1 leaf, the not enough 5cm of height of seedling, the rice seedling that present embodiment is cultivated can be transplanted 15～20 days by more conventional rice seedling on upland field in advance, and transplanting survival rate can reach more than 95%.
The rice seedling incidence of disease of cultivating according to present embodiment is 0 time, and common rice seedling on upland field is before sowing the chemicals treatment soil, and the whole seedbed phase need be sprayed acidifying water 3～5 times, sprays upright withered clean class medicament 2～3 times, could control the generation of rice shoot damping off.
The quick rice seedling on upland field technology of the rice in saline-alkali field of present embodiment in sum, the rice in saline-alkali field transplanting survival rate is significantly improved, shorten growing-seedling period, reduce seedling cost, have remarkable economic efficiency, the seedling-cultivating method of present embodiment is workable, and is simple and easy to do, cost is low, and production has important directive significance and promotional value for rice in saline-alkali field.
Embodiment two: what present embodiment and embodiment one were different is: brine strength is 1.17g/cm in the step 1
3Other is identical with embodiment one.
Embodiment three: what present embodiment was different with embodiment one or two is: soaking temperature is 37.5 ℃ in the step 1.Other is identical with embodiment one or two.
Embodiment four: what present embodiment was different with one of embodiment one to three is: acid turfy soil and aeolian sandy soil are that 1:1 is mixed according to mass ratio in the step 2.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to three.
Embodiment five: what present embodiment was different with one of embodiment one to four is: cover the seedbed soil that thickness is 5.5cm～6.5cm in the step 2 on the seedbed.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to four.
Embodiment six: what present embodiment was different with one of embodiment one to five is: the control ambient temperature is 25 ℃～32 ℃ in the step 3, and humidity is 32%～38%.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to five.
Embodiment seven: what present embodiment was different with one of embodiment one to six is: ambient temperature processed is 25 ℃～32 ℃ in the step 4, and humidity is 32%～38%.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to six.
Embodiment eight: what present embodiment and embodiment one were different is: send in the step 5 and transfer the fertile NpK complex fertilizer that is.Other is identical with embodiment one.
Adopt following examples to verify beneficial effect of the present invention:
Embodiment one:
The quick rice seedling on upland field method of present embodiment rice in saline-alkali field, specifically finish according to following steps:
One, compound concentration is 1.17g/cm
3Salt solution, seed is put into salt solution soaks seed, wherein soaking temperature is 37.5 ℃, seed soaking time is 36h, the rinsing seed is 2 times again, rejects unfilled gtains, impurity and germ kind, obtains seeds treated;
Two, select acid turfy soil and aeolian sandy soil to be mixed as seedbed soil, with the seedbed leveling, the lining film, cover the seedbed soil that thickness is 5cm in the seedbed, flatten compacting again, sow the step 1 seeds treated then, every square metre of sowing 0.5kg, earthing 2cm lid is planted compacting again; Wherein, acid turfy soil and aeolian sandy soil are that 1:1 is mixed according to mass ratio;
Three, spray water in step 2 seedbed soil after planting, make seedbed soil moistening fully, overlay film seals again, and the control ambient temperature is 32 ℃, and humidity is 40%;
Four, take off film after emerging, continuing the control ambient temperature is 32 ℃, and humidity 40%, and the moisturizing of spraying early morning every day spray NpK complex fertilizer weekly one time, and fertilizing amount is 10g/m
2
Five, impose to send before transplanting and transfer fertilizer, every square metre sprays urea 8g, ventilates to practicing seedling after 3 days, and rice shoot grows to 2 leaves, 1 heart, and the high 8cm of rice shoot, transplants, and finishes the quick rice seedling on upland field method of rice in saline-alkali field.
Namely grow to 2 leaves, 1 heart after 2 weeks according to the present embodiment seedling growth, height of seedling 8cm, and the rice shoot that common seedling method is cultivated only is 1 leaf, the not enough 5cm of height of seedling, the rice seedling that the technology of the present invention is cultivated can be transplanted 15～20 days by more conventional rice seedling on upland field in advance, and transplanting survival rate can reach more than 95%.
The rice seedling incidence of disease of cultivating according to present embodiment is 0 time, and common rice seedling on upland field is before sowing the chemicals treatment soil, and the whole seedbed phase need be sprayed acidifying water 3～5 times, sprays upright withered clean class medicament 2～3 times, could control the generation of rice shoot damping off.
Claims (8)
1. the quick rice seedling on upland field method of rice in saline-alkali field is characterized in that the quick rice seedling on upland field method of rice in saline-alkali field, specifically finishes according to following steps:
One, compound concentration is 1.06g/cm
3～1.18g/cm
3Salt solution, seed is put into salt solution soaks seed, wherein soaking temperature is 36.5 ℃～38.5 ℃, seed soaking time is 24h～36h, the rinsing seed is 1～2 time again, rejects unfilled gtains, impurity and germ kind, obtains seeds treated;
Two, select acid turfy soil and aeolian sandy soil to be mixed as seedbed soil, the seedbed is flattened, the lining film, cover the seedbed soil that thickness is 5cm～7cm in the seedbed, flatten compacting again, sow the step 1 seeds treated then, every square metre of sowing 0.5kg～0.6kg, earthing 1cm～2cm covers and plants compacting again;
Three, spray water in step 2 seedbed soil after planting, make seedbed soil moistening fully, overlay film seals again, and the control ambient temperature is 20 ℃～35 ℃, and humidity is 30%～40%;
Four, take off film after emerging, continuing the control ambient temperature is 20 ℃～35 ℃, and humidity 30%～40%, and the moisturizing of spraying early morning every day spray NpK complex fertilizer weekly one time, and fertilizing amount is 8g/m
2～10g/m
2
Five, impose to send before transplanting and transfer fertilizer, every square metre sprays urea 8g～10g, ventilates to practicing seedling after 2～3 days, and rice shoot grows to 2 leaves, 1 heart, and the high 8cm～12cm of rice shoot, transplants, and finishes the quick rice seedling on upland field method of rice in saline-alkali field.
2. the quick rice seedling on upland field method of rice in saline-alkali field according to claim 1 is characterized in that brine strength is 1.17g/cm in the step 1
3
3. the quick rice seedling on upland field method of rice in saline-alkali field according to claim 2 is characterized in that soaking temperature is 37.5 ℃ in the step 1.
4. the quick rice seedling on upland field method of rice in saline-alkali field according to claim 3 is characterized in that acid turfy soil and aeolian sandy soil are that 1:1 is mixed according to mass ratio in the step 2.
5. the quick rice seedling on upland field method of rice in saline-alkali field according to claim 4 is characterized in that covering on the seedbed in the step 2 seedbed soil that thickness is 5.5cm～6.5cm.
6. the quick rice seedling on upland field method of rice in saline-alkali field according to claim 5 is characterized in that the control ambient temperature is 25 ℃～32 ℃ in the step 3, and humidity is 32%～38%.
7. the quick rice seedling on upland field method of rice in saline-alkali field according to claim 6 is characterized in that ambient temperature processed is 25 ℃～32 ℃ in the step 4, and humidity is 32%～38%.
8. the quick rice seedling on upland field method of rice in saline-alkali field according to claim 1 is characterized in that sending in the step 5 and transfers the fertile NpK complex fertilizer that is.
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Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103704082A (en) * | 2013-12-17 | 2014-04-09 | 宁夏农林科学院 | Rice planting method for large-sized sprinkling machine |
| CN104628487A (en) * | 2015-02-16 | 2015-05-20 | 新疆恒丰现代农业科技股份有限公司 | Saline-alkali resistant drip irrigation liquid fertilizer for seedling transplantation and application method of fertilizer |
| CN105145216A (en) * | 2015-08-19 | 2015-12-16 | 南丹兴农科技有限公司 | Paddy rice broadcasting method |
| CN105493948A (en) * | 2015-12-18 | 2016-04-20 | 郎溪县新发镇华兵农作物种植家庭农场 | Nutrient soil for rice seedling growing |
| CN105900758A (en) * | 2016-04-20 | 2016-08-31 | 中国水稻研究所 | Method for planting rice in desert |
| CN105993751A (en) * | 2016-05-23 | 2016-10-12 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Cold region paddy rice seedling dry nursery method |
| CN106376266A (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2017-02-08 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | Improving method for saline-alkali soil |
| CN107347535A (en) * | 2017-08-02 | 2017-11-17 | 金寨县人海农业开发有限公司 | One kind crushes rice husk rice seedling on upland field technology using the new matrix of rice |
| CN109287416A (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2019-02-01 | 湖南袁禾农业科技有限公司 | Planting method is tempered in paddy drought resisting |
| CN109438102A (en) * | 2019-01-08 | 2019-03-08 | 北京三聚绿能科技有限公司 | A kind of raising rice seedlings set meal fertilizer and its fertilizing method |
| CN110558179A (en) * | 2019-09-25 | 2019-12-13 | 正大农业科技(浙江)有限公司 | Method for planting rice in coastal saline-alkali soil |
| CN111820090A (en) * | 2019-04-22 | 2020-10-27 | 上海北禾水土环保科技有限公司 | Alkali soil seedbed management method |
| CN112740869A (en) * | 2021-03-05 | 2021-05-04 | 北京碧青园生态环境科技有限公司 | Method for cultivating rice seedlings on severe saline-alkali soil |
| CN113854074A (en) * | 2021-10-13 | 2021-12-31 | 正大农业科技(浙江)有限公司 | Method for planting rice in saline-alkali soil through mechanical throwing |
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2013
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103704082B (en) * | 2013-12-17 | 2015-09-09 | 宁夏农林科学院 | A kind of giant sprinkler rice cultivation method |
| CN103704082A (en) * | 2013-12-17 | 2014-04-09 | 宁夏农林科学院 | Rice planting method for large-sized sprinkling machine |
| CN104628487A (en) * | 2015-02-16 | 2015-05-20 | 新疆恒丰现代农业科技股份有限公司 | Saline-alkali resistant drip irrigation liquid fertilizer for seedling transplantation and application method of fertilizer |
| CN105145216A (en) * | 2015-08-19 | 2015-12-16 | 南丹兴农科技有限公司 | Paddy rice broadcasting method |
| CN105493948A (en) * | 2015-12-18 | 2016-04-20 | 郎溪县新发镇华兵农作物种植家庭农场 | Nutrient soil for rice seedling growing |
| CN105900758B (en) * | 2016-04-20 | 2019-05-14 | 中国水稻研究所 | A kind of method of desert planting rice |
| CN105900758A (en) * | 2016-04-20 | 2016-08-31 | 中国水稻研究所 | Method for planting rice in desert |
| CN105993751A (en) * | 2016-05-23 | 2016-10-12 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Cold region paddy rice seedling dry nursery method |
| CN106376266A (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2017-02-08 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | Improving method for saline-alkali soil |
| CN107347535A (en) * | 2017-08-02 | 2017-11-17 | 金寨县人海农业开发有限公司 | One kind crushes rice husk rice seedling on upland field technology using the new matrix of rice |
| CN109287416A (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2019-02-01 | 湖南袁禾农业科技有限公司 | Planting method is tempered in paddy drought resisting |
| CN109287416B (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2021-06-08 | 湖南袁禾农业科技有限公司 | Drought-resisting training planting method for rice |
| CN109438102A (en) * | 2019-01-08 | 2019-03-08 | 北京三聚绿能科技有限公司 | A kind of raising rice seedlings set meal fertilizer and its fertilizing method |
| CN111820090A (en) * | 2019-04-22 | 2020-10-27 | 上海北禾水土环保科技有限公司 | Alkali soil seedbed management method |
| CN110558179A (en) * | 2019-09-25 | 2019-12-13 | 正大农业科技(浙江)有限公司 | Method for planting rice in coastal saline-alkali soil |
| CN112740869A (en) * | 2021-03-05 | 2021-05-04 | 北京碧青园生态环境科技有限公司 | Method for cultivating rice seedlings on severe saline-alkali soil |
| CN113854074A (en) * | 2021-10-13 | 2021-12-31 | 正大农业科技(浙江)有限公司 | Method for planting rice in saline-alkali soil through mechanical throwing |
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