CN110551348A - 一种基于pvc废料回收再利用的pvc发泡材料制备方法 - Google Patents
一种基于pvc废料回收再利用的pvc发泡材料制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于PVC废料回收再利用的PVC发泡材料制备方法,包括PVC废料回收再利用的步骤以及PVC发泡材料的制备步骤;PVC废料回收的步骤中将PVC废料破碎打磨成粉,然后融化后切割成PVC废料颗粒;PVC发泡材料的制备过程是将PVC树脂、PE蜡、重质碳酸钙、PVC废料粉、发泡剂偶氮二甲酰胺、发泡调节剂筛选合格后经过熔融塑化、模具成形以及冷却固化后获得发泡材料。本发明在PVC材料的制备过程中,将回收的PVC废料加工成PVC废料粉末或者造粒成PVC废料颗粒,在新PVC材料的主料中掺入适量的PVC废料粉,通过优化助剂或者辅料,使得加工后的PVC新材料能够获取满足要求的性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及PVC材料生产方法技术领域,具体涉及到一种基于PVC废料回收再利用的PVC发泡材料制备方法。
背景技术
聚氯乙烯,英文简称PVC,是氯乙烯单体在过氧化物、偶氮化合物等引发剂;或在光、热作用下按自由基聚合反应机理聚合而成的聚合物。氯乙烯均聚物和氯乙烯共聚物统称之为氯乙烯树脂。
PVC为无定形结构的白色粉末,支化度较小,相对密度1.4左右,玻璃化温度77~90℃,170℃左右开始分解,对光和热的稳定性差,在100℃以上或经长时间阳光曝晒,就会分解而产生氯化氢,并进一步自动催化分解,引起变色,物理机械性能也迅速下降,在实际应用中必须加入稳定剂以提高对热和光的稳定性。
PVC曾是世界上产量最大的通用塑料,应用非常广泛。在建筑材料、工业制品、日用品、地板革、地板砖、人造革、管材、电线电缆、包装膜、瓶、发泡材料、密封材料、纤维等方面均有广泛应用。
PVC材料的应用广泛导致其废旧物非常低,PVC材料难以降解,通过自然降解处理的方式非常困难,现有技术中少见对其有效的利用。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种基于PVC废料回收再利用的PVC发泡材料制备方法;能够利用回收的废旧PVC材料进行再次加工,获得可以具有良好性能的PVC材料;降低环境污染,减少资源浪费。
为达上述目的,本发明的一个实施例中提供了一种基于PVC废料回收再利用的PVC发泡材料制备方法,包括以下步骤:
PVC废料回收再利用的步骤:
(1)将PVC废料加入到破碎机中,利用破碎机将PVC废料破碎成颗粒状,再将颗粒状的PVC废料加入磨粉机中打磨成粉,然后将粉体负压抽风输送至筛分机中进行筛分,筛分合格后的PVC废料粉进行包装暂存备用;
(2)取部分PVC废料粉,在其中加入PE蜡和助剂混合后加入至挤出机中,经过高温融化拉成粗丝状,经牵引通过冷却水后冷却成型,然后使用切割机将其切割成粒状,获得PVC废料颗粒;
PVC发泡材料的制备步骤:
(3)取PVC树脂、PE蜡、重质碳酸钙、PVC废料粉、发泡剂偶氮二甲酰胺、发泡调节剂加入到搅拌机中进行搅拌,搅拌均匀后输送至振动筛上进行筛分,滤除大块杂质,筛分后的合格料即为混合料;
(4)将混合料加入至螺杆挤塑机的主料斗中,将PVC废料颗粒加入至螺杆挤塑机的成膜料斗中;主料斗中的混合料在挤塑机的机筒内经过高温熔融塑化成流体,流体输送至机头的模具内挤压成型,成型后的产品最后经过冷水冷却后定型为固体;即获得PVC发泡材料。
本发明的优化方案之一,PVC废料包括回收的PVC废旧材料或者PVC发泡材料制作过程中的不合格产品。
本发明的优化方案之一,PVC废料粉筛分的粒径为50目~100目。
本发明的优化方案之一,步骤(2)中PVC废料粉在挤出机中的融化温度为160℃~200℃。步骤(4)中挤塑机的熔融温度为160℃~200℃。
本发明的优化方案之一,制备方法还包括:
(5)将热转印膜贴在PVC发泡材料表面,并在热转印膜加工完成后将PVC发泡材料切割至所需尺寸,最后捆扎标记、包装入库。
本发明的优化方案之一,步骤(2)加入挤出机的物料包括:
PVC废料粉200份~400份;PE石蜡3份~6份;
重质碳酸钙150份~200份;十八烷酸5份~10份;
增白剂5份~10份;稳定剂10份~20份。
本发明的优化方案之一,步骤(4)加入主料斗中混合料的配方包括:
PVC树脂300份~400份;PE石蜡5份~10份;
重质碳酸钙100份~150份;PVC废料粉100份~300份;
发泡剂偶氮二甲酰胺5份~10份;PVC发泡调节剂15份~30份;
硬脂酸锌5份~10份;碳酸氢钠5份~10份。
综上所述,本发明具有以下优点:
本发明在PVC材料的制备过程中,将回收的PVC废料加工成PVC废料粉末或者造粒成PVC废料颗粒,在新PVC材料的主料中掺入适量的PVC废料粉,通过优化助剂或者辅料,使得加工后的PVC新材料能够获取满足要求的性能。
由于本发明的PVC材料是回收的材料,其主要用途不适用于食品级别,因此本发明的PVC材料可以应用于建筑建材装修装饰等材料,例如可以用于制作PVC相框。
具体实施方式
一种基于PVC废料回收再利用的PVC发泡材料制备方法,包括PVC废料回收再利用的步骤以及PVC发泡材料的制备步骤。
实施例1
PVC废料的回收再利用:
(1)准备PVC废料,PVC废料包括回收的PVC废旧材料或者PVC发泡材料制作过程中的不合格产品。将PVC废料加入到破碎机中,利用破碎机将PVC废料破碎成颗粒状,再将颗粒状的PVC废料加入磨粉机中打磨成粉,然后将粉体负压抽风输送至筛分机中进行筛分,PVC废料粉筛分的粒径为80目;筛分合格后的PVC废料粉进行包装暂存备用;
(2)取部分PVC废料粉,在其中加入PE蜡和助剂混合后加入至挤出机中,经过175℃高温融化拉成粗丝状,经牵引通过冷却水后冷却成型,然后使用切割机将其切割成粒状,获得PVC废料颗粒。
步骤(2)加入挤出机的物料包括:
PVC废料粉30份;PE石蜡5份;
重质碳酸钙180份;十八烷酸6份;
增白剂6份;稳定剂12份。
实施例2
PVC发泡材料的制备:
(3)取PVC树脂、PE蜡、重质碳酸钙、PVC废料粉、发泡剂偶氮二甲酰胺、发泡调节剂加入到搅拌机中进行搅拌,搅拌均匀后输送至振动筛上进行筛分,滤除大块杂质,筛分后的合格料即为混合料;
(4)将混合料加入至螺杆挤塑机的主料斗中,将PVC废料颗粒加入至螺杆挤塑机的成膜料斗中;主料斗中的混合料在挤塑机的机筒内经过175℃高温熔融塑化成流体,流体输送至机头的模具内挤压成型,成型后的产品最后经过冷水冷却后定型为固体;即获得PVC发泡材料。
步骤(4)加入主料斗中混合料的配方包括:
PVC树脂375份;PE石蜡8份;
重质碳酸钙120份;PVC废料粉200份;
发泡剂偶氮二甲酰胺6份;PVC发泡调节剂20份;
硬脂酸锌6份;碳酸氢钠7份。
(5)将热转印膜贴在PVC发泡材料表面,并在热转印膜加工完成后将PVC发泡材料切割至所需尺寸,最后捆扎标记、包装入库。
实验例1
将本发明的PVC发泡材料制备成相框,即在挤塑机的模具中置入相框的模具,将制备得到的PVC相框进行相关性能的检测,检测结果如表1所示。
表1:PVC相框材料的性能
序号 | 检测项目 | 合格标准 | 检测结果 |
1 | 阻燃性 | B2级阻燃 | 合格 |
2 | 吸水及变形 | 不吸水不变形 | 合格 |
3 | 强度 | 大于5kg | 大于8kg |
4 | 耐热性 | 80℃;30min内无变化 | 无变化 |
由此可见,本发明公开的方法制备得到的PVC发泡材料,不仅利用了PVC废旧回收的废料,而且将其制作成PVC相框材料时依然能够满足使用条件,能够二次利用,降低了环境的污染承载能力,减少了废弃物的产生。
Claims (8)
1.一种基于PVC废料回收再利用的PVC发泡材料制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
PVC废料回收再利用的步骤:
(1)将PVC废料加入到破碎机中,利用破碎机将PVC废料破碎成颗粒状,再将颗粒状的PVC废料加入磨粉机中打磨成粉,然后将粉体负压抽风输送至筛分机中进行筛分,筛分合格后的PVC废料粉进行包装暂存备用;
(2)取部分PVC废料粉,在其中加入PE蜡和助剂混合后加入至挤出机中,经过高温融化拉成粗丝状,经牵引通过冷却水后冷却成型,然后使用切割机将其切割成粒状,获得PVC废料颗粒;
PVC发泡材料的制备步骤:
(3)取PVC树脂、PE蜡、重质碳酸钙、PVC废料粉、发泡剂偶氮二甲酰胺、发泡调节剂加入到搅拌机中进行搅拌,搅拌均匀后输送至振动筛上进行筛分,滤除大块杂质,筛分后的合格料即为混合料;
(4)将混合料加入至螺杆挤塑机的主料斗中,将PVC废料颗粒加入至螺杆挤塑机的成膜料斗中;主料斗中的混合料在挤塑机的机筒内经过高温熔融塑化成流体,流体输送至机头的模具内挤压成型,成型后的产品最后经过冷水冷却后定型为固体;即获得PVC发泡材料。
2.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述PVC废料包括回收的PVC废旧材料或者PVC发泡材料制作过程中的不合格产品。
3.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述PVC废料粉筛分的粒径为50目~100目。
4.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)中PVC废料粉在挤出机中的融化温度为160℃~200℃。
5.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(4)中挤塑机的熔融温度为160℃~200℃。
6.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法还包括:
(5)将热转印膜贴在PVC发泡材料表面,并在热转印膜加工完成后将PVC发泡材料切割至所需尺寸,最后捆扎标记、包装入库。
7.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)加入挤出机的物料包括:
PVC废料粉200份~400份;PE石蜡3份~6份;
重质碳酸钙150份~200份;十八烷酸5份~10份;
增白剂5份~10份;稳定剂10份~20份。
8.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(4)加入主料斗中混合料的配方包括:
PVC树脂300份~400份;PE石蜡5份~10份;
重质碳酸钙100份~150份;PVC废料粉100份~300份;
发泡剂偶氮二甲酰胺5份~10份;PVC发泡调节剂15份~30份;
硬脂酸锌5份~10份;碳酸氢钠5份~10份。
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