CN110476711B - Morchella cultivation method - Google Patents

Morchella cultivation method Download PDF

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CN110476711B
CN110476711B CN201910947777.1A CN201910947777A CN110476711B CN 110476711 B CN110476711 B CN 110476711B CN 201910947777 A CN201910947777 A CN 201910947777A CN 110476711 B CN110476711 B CN 110476711B
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morchella
round
year
propagation
cultivation method
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CN110476711A (en
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彭宗林
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LIJIANG ZHONGYUAN GREEN FOOD CO Ltd
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LIJIANG ZHONGYUAN GREEN FOOD CO Ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
    • A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
  • Mushroom Cultivation (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a morel cultivation method, which comprises the following steps: (1) preparing strains; (2) expanding propagation and selecting bacterial materials: selecting a forest land with a certain gradient and humus layer thickness as a propagation expanding land; the fungus material is selected from round-leaf poplar wood, crop straw and sawdust, and the round-leaf poplar wood is 0.5-1.5m per mu of propagation field3The crop straw is 0.5-2.5m3(ii) a (3) Planting: during the first ten days of 8 months to the middle ten days of 10 months, stacking piles in a pyramid-shaped structure in turn according to the arrangement of one layer of fungus material and one layer of strain, and finally covering soil for 2-3 cm; wherein the length, width and height of the pile of the pyramid-shaped structure are 1.2-1.5m, 0.8-1.2m, 0.4-0.6m, the pile distance is 40-50cm, and the row distance of the pile is 45-60 cm; (4) managing water; (5) picking: after the morchella is fruiting in the next year, the morchella is yellow, and the ascomycetes begin to unfold. The cultivation method of the morchella esculenta achieves stable yield and can greatly reduce the consumption of the poplar with round leaves.

Description

Morchella cultivation method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of morel cultivation, in particular to a morel cultivation method.
Background
Morchella is a rare edible fungus, which is named because the surface of the cap is uneven and is like morchella. Morchella esculenta, also known as morchella esculenta, morchella esculenta and morchella esculenta, is a precious edible fungus and medicinal fungus. The toadstool has high nutrition and health care value and high price, but the artificial domestication and cultivation of the toadstool is always a worldwide problem. At present, many reports of artificial cultivation of morchella at home and abroad exist, but due to the special biological characteristics of morchella, when artificial cultivation is carried out, the formation of primordia of sporocarp is promoted, and the formation of binuclear hypha is stimulated, so that the cultivation difficulty is high.
The bionic cultivation by utilizing the fungus materials in the prior art is a cultivation technology invented at the beginning of the century in Yunnan of China. It is known that early farmers in Yunnan local areas find that a large number of morchella sporophores can grow on wood piles, particularly round-leaf poplar wood stacking fields, so that the morchella planting mode is developed gradually. The cultivation technology comprises the main processes of field specimen collection, separation and purification and strain preparation, after field arrangement, stacking round-leaf poplar wood with the caliber of 10-15cm and strain in a pyramid shape in turn, finally covering soil, simulating a natural environment, and performing fungus cultivation and fruiting management.
However, the cultivation method of the poplar with round leaves has the defect that the bacterial consumption is overlarge, and about 4m is required per mu of land on average3The fungus material is not beneficial to the protection of forest resources, and can not meet the requirements of large-scale and commercial production.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a cultivation method of morchella esculenta, which can greatly reduce the consumption of poplar with round leaves while achieving stable yield.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a cultivation method of morchella comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing strains;
(2) and (3) selecting a propagation area and a bacterial material: selecting a forest land with a certain gradient and humus layer thickness as a propagation expanding land; the fungus material is selected from round-leaf poplar wood, crop straw and sawdust, and the round-leaf poplar wood is 0.5-1.5m per mu of propagation field3The crop straw is 0.5-2.5m3；
(3) Planting: during the first ten days of 8 months to the middle ten days of 10 months, stacking piles in a pyramid-shaped structure in turn according to the arrangement of one layer of fungus material and one layer of strain, and finally covering soil for 2-3 cm; wherein the length, width and height of the pile of the pyramid-shaped structure are 1.2-1.5m, 0.8-1.2m, 0.4-0.6m, the pile distance is 40-50cm, and the row distance of the pile is 45-60 cm;
(4) managing water;
(5) picking: after the morchella is fruiting in the next year, the morchella is yellow, and the ascomycetes begin to unfold.
Further, the slope of the expanding ground is less than 15 °.
Furthermore, the crop straws are corn straws and/or sorghum straws.
Further, the water management in the step (4) is divided into two stages, wherein one stage is from the end of the current year after planting, namely the pre-year stage; the other stage is from the next year to picking, i.e. the later-year stage; the moisture of the early stage of the year is controlled to be 40-60%, and the moisture of the later stage of the year is controlled to be 65-75%.
Further, the sawdust is obtained by sawing one or more of populus rotundifolia, populus alba, pear trees, apple trees and pine trees.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the cultivation method, the log wood, the crop straw and the sawdust are mixed and matched to serve as the mushroom wood for cultivating the morchella esculenta, wherein branches and stems of the log wood are indispensable and play a role of seed crystals in the mushroom wood to guide the growth of morchella esculenta strains; by matching with crop straws and sawdust, on the one hand, the yield can be greatly reduced on the premise of ensuring stable yield and even high yieldThe use of round-leaf poplar wood consumes 4m per mu traditionally3The invention only needs to consume 0.5-1.5m3Thereby being beneficial to protecting the wood resources of the round-leaf poplar wood; on the other hand, the crop straws and the sawdust are matched for use, so that the recycling of resources is facilitated, and the economic benefit value is greatly improved.
(2) The method for cultivating the morchella esculenta has the advantages that the artificial propagation is carried out under the field condition, the cultivation quality of the morchella esculenta is guaranteed, the yield of the morchella esculenta cultivated by the method is basically equal to that of the morchella esculenta cultivated by simply using round-leaf poplar wood as the wood, the yield per mu of the dry morchella esculenta can reach 3-7kg, and the requirements of large-scale and commercial production can be met.
Detailed Description
The following examples further illustrate embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that the description of the embodiments is provided to help understanding of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Example 1
A cultivation method of morchella comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of strains: separating the collected morchella entity without plant diseases and insect pests, strong growth and before spore release to obtain mother strain through tissue and multi-spore separation, and performing propagation by adopting a PDA culture medium to obtain a secondary strain; the method for producing the bacterial strain is a conventional method.
(2) And (3) selecting a propagation area and a bacterial material: selecting a forest land with a certain gradient and humus layer thickness as a propagation expanding land; specifically, the gradient is selected to be 10 degrees, so that rainwater erosion can be avoided while drainage is ensured; the thickness of the humus layer is 1-3 cm; the fungus material is selected from round-leaf poplar wood, crop straw and sawdust, and the round-leaf poplar wood is 1.5m per mu of propagation field3The crop straw is 2.5m3(ii) a In the embodiment, the crop straws are sorghum straws and corn straws; the sawdust is selected from round-leaf poplar, white poplar and pear treeThe sawdust obtained after sawing is mixed and matched.
(3) Planting: planting is started in the last ten days of 8 months, piles in a pyramid-shaped structure are stacked in turn in multiple layers according to the arrangement of one layer of mushroom material and one layer of strain, and finally, soil is covered for 3cm, the thickness of the soil is critical, the differentiation of morchella bursa is not facilitated if the soil is too thick, and the development of morchella hypha is not facilitated if the soil is too thin; specifically, when the fungus material is laid on each layer, branches of the populus euphratica wood are laid in the middle, crop straws are laid on two sides of the branches of the populus euphratica wood, and sawdust is filled in gaps between the branches of the populus euphratica wood and the crop straws; the length, width and height of the stack of the pyramid-shaped structure are 1.5 multiplied by 1.1 multiplied by 0.5, the stack distance is 50cm, and the row distance of the stack is 55 cm;
(4) managing water; the moisture of the pyramid-shaped structure is ensured to be between 40 and 60 percent by the year before planting; the water content is kept between 65 and 75 percent after the year and before the picking.
(5) Picking: after the morchella is fruiting in the next year, picking is carried out when fungus feet turn yellow and the ascomycetes begin to expand.
And after the picking is finished, counting the yield of the morchella esculenta, wherein the yield of the morchella esculenta is 5.2kg per mu of dry product.
Example 2
(1) Preparation of strains: separating the collected morchella entities without diseases and insect pests, strong growth and spores before release to obtain mother seeds through tissue and polysospora; adopting a PDA culture medium to carry out propagation to obtain a secondary strain;
(2) and (3) selecting a propagation area and a bacterial material: selecting a forest land with a certain gradient and humus layer thickness as a propagation expanding land; specifically, the gradient is selected to be 5 degrees; the thickness of the humus layer is 1-3 cm; the fungus material is selected from round-leaf poplar wood, crop straw and sawdust, and the round-leaf poplar wood is 1.0m per mu of propagation field3The crop straw is 2.0m3(ii) a In the embodiment, the crop straws are sorghum straws and corn straws; the sawdust is prepared by mixing and matching sawdust obtained by sawing round-leaf poplars, white poplars, apple trees and pine trees.
(3) Planting: planting in the last ten days of 9 months, stacking piles in a pyramid-shaped structure in turn according to the arrangement of one layer of mushroom material and one layer of strain, and finally covering soil for 2 cm; specifically, when the fungus material is laid on each layer, branches of the populus euphratica wood are laid in the middle, crop straws are laid on two sides of the branches of the populus euphratica wood, and sawdust is filled in gaps between the branches of the populus euphratica wood and the crop straws; the length, width and height of the pile of the pyramid-shaped structure are 1.5 multiplied by 1.0 multiplied by 0.6, the pile distance is 40cm, and the row distance of the pile is 60 cm;
(4) managing water; the moisture of the pyramid-shaped structure is ensured to be between 40 and 60 percent by the year before planting; the water content is kept between 65 and 75 percent after the year and before the picking.
(5) Picking: after the morchella is fruiting in the next year, picking is carried out when fungus feet turn yellow and the ascomycetes begin to expand.
And after the picking is finished, counting the yield of the morchella esculenta, wherein the yield of the morchella esculenta is 5.5kg per mu of dry product.
Comparative example 1
In order to verify the effect of the morchella cultivation method, the following comparative experiments are specially carried out:
a cultivation method of morchella comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of strains: the collected morchella entities without plant diseases and insect pests, strong growth and before spore release are subjected to tissue and multi-spore separation to obtain mother strains, and a PDA culture medium is adopted for propagation to obtain secondary strains; the method for producing the bacterial strain is a conventional method.
(2) And (3) selecting a propagation area and a bacterial material: selecting a forest land with a certain gradient and humus layer thickness as a propagation expanding land; specifically, the gradient is selected to be 10 degrees, so that rainwater erosion can be avoided while drainage is ensured; the thickness of the humus layer is 1-3 cm; the fungus material is selected from crop straw and sawdust, and the crop straw per mu of the propagation field is 2.5m3(ii) a In the embodiment, the crop straws are sorghum straws and corn straws; the sawdust is prepared by mixing sawdust obtained by sawing round-leaf poplars, poplars and pears.
(3) Planting: planting in the last ten days of 8 months, stacking piles in a pyramid structure in turn according to the arrangement of one layer of mushroom material and one layer of strain, and finally covering soil for 3 cm; specifically, when the fungus material is laid on each layer; the length, width and height of the stack of the pyramid-shaped structure are 1.5 multiplied by 1.1 multiplied by 0.5, the stack distance is 50cm, and the row distance of the stack is 55 cm;
(4) managing water; the moisture of the pyramid-shaped structure is ensured to be between 40 and 60 percent by the year before planting; the water content is kept between 65 and 75 percent after the year and before the picking.
(5) Picking: picking when the morchella mushrooms grow in the next year and the fungus feet turn yellow and the ascomycetes begin to spread; after picking, the yield of the morchella esculenta is counted, the yield of the morchella esculenta per mu is 1.6kg, the yield is extremely low, and the requirements of large-scale and commercial production can not be met completely.
The cultivation method in this comparative example was completely the same except for the difference in the fungal material.
It can be seen from the above examples 1 and 2 and comparative example 1 that the cultivation method of morel in the invention can greatly reduce the consumption of poplar with round leaves while achieving stable production, and can meet the requirements of large-scale and commercial production.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the examples, but the present invention is not limited to the described embodiments. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and the scope of protection is still within the scope of the invention.

Claims (4)

1. The cultivation method of the morchella is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing strains;
(2) and (3) selecting a propagation area and a bacterial material: selecting a forest land with a certain gradient and humus layer thickness as a propagation expanding land; the fungus material is selected from round-leaf poplar wood, crop straw and sawdust; the sawdust is obtained by sawing round-leaf poplar, white poplar, pear tree, apple tree and pine tree; the wood of the round-leaf poplar in each mu of the propagation field is 0.5-1.5m3The crop straw is 0.5-2.5m3；
(3) Planting: during the first 8 th-10 th month, according to the arrangement of one layer of the fungus material and one layer of the strain, piling a plurality of layers of piles in a pyramid-shaped structure in turn, and finally covering soil for 2-3 cm; wherein the length, width and height of the pile of the pyramid-shaped structure are 1.2-1.5m, 0.8-1.2m, 0.4-0.6m, the pile distance is 40-50cm, and the row distance of the pile is 45-60 cm; when the fungus material is laid on each layer, branches of the round-leaf poplar wood are laid in the middle, crop straws are laid on two sides of the branches of the round-leaf poplar wood, and sawdust is filled in gaps between the branches of the round-leaf poplar wood and the crop straws;
(4) managing water;
(5) picking: after the morchella is fruiting in the next year, the morchella is yellow, and the ascomycetes begin to unfold.
2. The cultivation method of morel according to claim 1, wherein the slope of the propagation field is less than 15 °.
3. The cultivation method of morchella esculenta according to claim 1, wherein the crop straws are corn straws and/or sorghum straws.
4. The cultivation method of morel according to claim 1, wherein the water management in the step (4) is divided into two stages, one stage is from the end of the year after planting to the end of the year, namely, the pre-year stage; the other stage is from the next year to picking, namely the later-year stage; the moisture of the early stage of the year is controlled to be 40-60%, and the moisture of the later stage of the year is controlled to be 65-75%.
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CN101283658A (en) * 2008-06-02 2008-10-15 云南省农业科学院高山经济植物研究所 Ecological cultivation method for spire morel
CN107660443A (en) * 2017-11-09 2018-02-06 庆阳敦博科技发展有限公司 Semiarid region apple grunt ox hickory chick circular agriculture system construction method
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