CN110439943B - 具有脉冲控制旋转锁定件的锁定设备 - Google Patents
具有脉冲控制旋转锁定件的锁定设备 Download PDFInfo
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- F16D27/00—Magnetically- or electrically- actuated clutches; Control or electric circuits therefor
- F16D27/10—Magnetically- or electrically- actuated clutches; Control or electric circuits therefor with an electromagnet not rotating with a clutching member, i.e. without collecting rings
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- F16D71/04—Mechanisms for bringing members to rest in a predetermined position providing for selection between a plurality of positions
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- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
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- F16D2011/006—Locking or detent means, i.e. means to keep the clutch in engaged condition
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种用于防止安装成关于彼此移动的两个元件(11、12)之间的移动的锁定设备,该锁定设备包括安装成关于其中一个元件旋转的锁定件(31),以便呈现用于锁定和释放的连续的角度位置,其中该锁定件在防止和允许两个元件之间的相对运动之间交替,将该锁定件限制为与被脉冲控制致动器(70、71)致动的角度分度机构(50)的选择器(55)一起旋转,该脉冲控制致动器(70、71)布置成推动选择器抵靠弹簧构件(58),以使它在每个脉冲上转动,并且由此使锁定件从一个角度位置转到另一个角度位置。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有脉冲控制旋转锁定件的锁定设备,用于阻止两个元件相对于彼此移动。
背景技术
在航空中,并且具体在起落架领域中,可以关于彼此移动的许多元件需要能够被锁定就位。例如,可能期望将致动器的杆锁定在其处于延伸位置或缩回位置的缸体上,或者实际上锁定空转地安装在轴上的小齿轮以便能够传递扭矩。
文献FR 2 952 414提出了一种用于锁定在致动器缸体中可滑动的杆的捕获锁定设备,其中锁定套筒可旋转地安装在致动器缸体上,以便呈现防止捕获件移开的锁定角度位置,以及允许捕获件移开的角度释放位置。
在文献FR 2 829 206中也提出了一种飞行器轮子制动器,其具有摩擦制动器形式的安全阻挡设备,该安全阻挡设备具有脉冲控制致动器装置,用于使安全阻挡设备从锁定状态进入释放状态,这些状态是稳定的。这两个状态对应于选择器的两个稳定轴向位置,该选择器形成被称为“按笔(click-pen)”机构的一部分,因为它通常在具有可伸缩末端的笔中找到。在选择器的一个轴向位置中,阻挡设备的摩擦构件接触并且它们因此阻挡制动器,并且在选择器的另一个轴向位置中,阻挡设备的摩擦构件间隔开并且它们因此释放制动器。那些稳定的轴向位置对应于选择器的连续角度位置,其由于倾斜凸轮表面之间的协配也旋转地可移动,所述选择器通过脉冲致动装置朝向那些位置中的一个或另一个转动,脉冲致动装置使选择器轴向移动抵靠弹簧构件,选择器的轴向运动使它转动。
发明内容
本发明寻求提出一种脉冲控制锁定设备,用于阻挡关于彼此可移动的元件,该设备结构非常简单。
为了实现该目的,提供了一种用于防止安装成关于彼此移动的两个元件之间的移动的锁定设备,该锁定设备包括安装成关于其中一个元件旋转的锁定件,以便呈现用于锁定和释放的连续的角度位置,其中该锁定件在防止和允许两个元件之间的相对运动之间交替,将该锁定件限制为与被脉冲控制致动器致动的角度分度机构的选择器一起旋转,该脉冲控制致动器推动选择器抵靠弹簧构件,以使它在每个脉冲上转动,并且由此使锁定件从一个角度位置转到另一个角度位置。
与文献FR 2 829 206中的使用不同,本文不使用选择器的轴向位置,而是使用其角度位置,以使本发明的设备的旋转锁定件转动。转动选择器使锁定件转动,锁定件在处于锁定位置和处于释放位置之间交替。
脉冲控制仅需要不超过单个电磁铁,其非常可靠且易于实施,它的功能是移动选择器轴向抵靠弹簧构件。可以在锁定件和选择器之间提供任何类型的旋转连接,只要它使这两个元件关于彼此自由地轴向移动。
本发明的设备特别适合于在诸如轴(或主轴)和小齿轮的两个同轴旋转元件之间提供角度锁定。在本发明的具体实施例中,在轴上设置至少一个障碍物,其被安装成在缩回位置和突出位置之间径向滑动,在该缩回位置中,小齿轮可以在轴上自由转动,在该突出位置中,障碍物在轴上阻挡小齿轮,旋转锁定件包括衬套,该衬套同轴地可旋转地安装在轴内部、与障碍物对准并且呈现连续的角度位置,其交替地包括释放位置和锁定位置,在该释放位置中障碍物被接纳在衬套的凹口中以便被缩回,在该锁定位置中,障碍物被衬套推动以便保持在突出位置。
较佳地,衬套承载滚子,这些滚子布置成在释放位置中,为障碍物留出足够的空间使它能够在两个滚子之间缩回,以及在锁定位置中,直接与障碍物对准以便将它保持在突出位置。
选择器然后较佳地与轴可旋转地同轴安装,同时被约束为与衬套一起旋转。
附图说明
根据参照附图中的各图给出的以下本发明的具体实施例的说明可更好地理解本发明,附图中:
·图1是配装有转向设备的起落架底部的示意图,该转向装置包括本发明的旋转锁定件;
·图2是图1的起落架的平面图;
·图3是在图2的线III-III上的截面中的机电转向致动器的视图。
·图3A是图3所示细节A的放大视图;
·图4和图5是在图3所示的线IV-IV上穿过旋转锁定件的剖视图,分别图示在锁定位置和释放位置中;
·图6是角度分度机构和旋转锁定件的分解图;以及
·图7、8和9是图6的角度分度机构的各部件的立体图。
具体实施方式
参考附图,本发明示出为在本文中应用于由起落架的可转向底部承载的转向轮。然而,该应用不是限制性的,并且可以设想其它应用。
参考图1和2,并且在本发明的特定实施例中,所示的起落架包括支柱腿1,其中可转动管2安装成围绕纵向轴线Z1转动。伸缩式减震器在可转动管2内部延伸。减震器的底部从可转动管2突出并承载接纳轮子5的轮轴3。剪式联接件6在可转动管2和减震器之间延伸,以便约束可转动管2和减震器一起转动,同时仍允许减震器沿轴线Z1自由地移动到支柱腿1中。可转动管2在其底端处承载有直齿轮7(在图3中可见),该直齿轮接纳在支柱腿1的壳体8中并且通过凹槽9被约束成与可转动管2一起转动。
起落架配装有转向设备,该转向设备具有机电转向致动器10,其适于与直齿轮7协配,以便转动可转动管2,并因而借助于剪式联接件6转动轮子5。
参考图3,直齿轮7由机电转向致动器10的出口小齿轮11接合,该小齿轮安装在其上,以便借助于滚动轴承105和106围绕平行于起落架的轴线Z1的轴线Z2在致动器10的外壳100中可旋转。小齿轮11通过轴或主轴12选择性地旋转驱动,轴或主轴12借助于滚动轴承102可旋转地安装在致动器10的外壳100中。以下更详细地说明构成本发明主题的小齿轮11和主轴12之间的选择性连接。
主轴12固定到减速齿轮14的出口构件13,减速齿轮14是具体在文献US 2 906 143中描述的“谐波传动”类型。出口构件13具有可变形钟形的形式的圆形壁18,其在其外表面上承载齿用以与固定到外壳100的环状齿轮17的稍大数量的面对的齿协配。通过迫使两个径向相对的部分中的齿之间协配的减速齿轮(称为“波浪发生器”)的入口构件15使圆形壁18变形,使得出口构件13的齿和环状齿轮17的齿之间的协配成为可能。应该观察到,在该示例中,环状齿轮17形成机电转向致动器的外壳的一部分。
减速齿轮14的入口构件15由电动马达20驱动旋转,电动马达20包括定子21和转子22,定子21由外壳100的固定到环状齿轮17的一部分103承载,转子22借助于滚动轴承104可旋转地安装在外壳部分103中。转子22具有带凹槽的出口轴24,该出口轴24接合在入口构件15的匹配的带凹槽的孔口中,以便驱动它旋转。转子22的受控旋转经由减速齿轮14引起小齿轮11旋转,并由此转动直齿轮7并因而使轮子5转向。
参考图3A、4、5和6,下面详细描述了本发明的核心、即主轴12和小齿轮11之间的选择性连接。
小齿轮11可以在主轴12上旋转地锁定,以便使其能由马达20驱动,或者相反,它可以旋转地释放,例如在马达20被阻挡的情况下,以使起落架的轮子能够自由地旋转。为此,并且如图4和5中可以更清楚地看到的,主轴12包括径向狭槽,该径向狭槽接纳障碍物、具体是安装成在图4所示的突出位置和图5所示的缩回位置之间在主轴12中径向移动的刀片30,在该突出位置中,刀片30的尖端***小齿轮11中的匹配的容纳部中,以便锁定小齿轮11以与主轴12一起旋转,在该缩回位置中刀片30不突出超过主轴12的外壁并且允许小齿轮11在主轴12上自由旋转。通过可以在图3A中看到的弹性环34将刀片推向缩回位置。
旋转锁定件31(在该示例中为承载多个平行滚子33的衬套32的形式)可旋转地安装在主轴12内部,与其同轴,以便呈现包括锁定位置的连续角度位置和交替的释放位置,在每个锁定位置中,滚子33中的一些直接与刀片30对准,以便将它们保持在突出位置并防止它们缩回,如图4所示,在交替的释放位置中,滚子33从刀片30偏移,使得刀片可以缩回到成对的滚子33之间的衬套中的凹口中,如图5所示。
旋转锁定件31借助于角度分度机构50从一个位置转动到下一个位置,该角度分度机构50在图6中详细示出并且其包括以下都对中在轴线Z2上的元件:
·环51(在图7中详细示出),配装在主轴12的底端。环51限定了孔52,三个平行的引导部53从该孔52内部突出,这些引导部由斜面54终止;
·选择器55(如在图8中详细示出的),包括钟形件56,钟形件56的终端边缘被切割以呈现连续的斜面57。钟形件56固定到杆,该杆在操作中被接纳在衬套32中的中心井35中,以便为选择器55提供关于轴线Z2的轴向和旋转引导。而且,选择器55包括指状件59,指状件59接纳在衬套32的基部中的孔口36中,以便约束选择器55和衬套32一起旋转运动,同时允许选择器55轴向移动;
·复位弹簧58,其接纳在衬套32的中心井35中,以便将选择器55推向环51,使得选择器的斜面57承载抵靠环51的引导部53的斜面54;以及最后
·推动器60(如图9中详细所示的),安装在电磁铁70的指状件71的端部处,电磁铁70布置在外壳100的底部中,以沿轴线Z2轴向移动,同时将选择器55推回抵靠弹簧58。推动器60包括圆形外表面,其与环51的孔52协配,以便轴向引导它。推动器60具有三个槽口62,用于接纳环51的引导部53,以便约束推动器60和环51一起旋转移动,同时允许推动器60轴向移动。推动器60还具有三个斜面63,其对准选择器55的斜面57延伸。
包括电磁铁70、角度分度机构50和旋转锁定件32的组件形成本发明的脉冲控制锁定设备。它的操作如下。当电磁铁70未通电时,推动器60从选择器55的斜面57略微脱离,该斜面57停留抵靠引导部54的端部,从而限定了选择器55的角度位置,并因而限定了旋转锁定件32的角度位置(例如锁定位置)。为了使旋转锁定件33转到其另一个位置(具体是释放位置),只需短暂地给电磁铁70通电,使得指状件71推动推动器60,并因而将选择器55推动抵靠弹簧58。当选择器的斜面57完全脱离环51的引导部53的斜面54时,选择器的斜面57在推动器60的斜面63上滑动,由此使选择器55转动。当电磁铁70不再通电时,指状件71缩回并且弹簧58将选择器55朝向环51推回,使得选择器55停留抵靠引导部53,引导部53的末端被接纳在选择器55的斜面57之间的凹口中,由此限定了与旋转锁定件32的释放位置相对应的新的角度位置。
角度分度机构50的操作类似于具有可伸缩末端的笔的所谓“按笔”机构的操作,除了本发明的角度分度机构的选择器55不具有两个不同的轴向位置、而是替代地在本文中使用选择器55的连续角度位置之外。
因而,单个电脉冲用于借助于电磁铁70致动该锁定件。应该观察到,环51固定到主轴12并因此与其一起转动,并且还与推动器60一起转动,因为它在环51上的转动中被分度。相反,电磁铁70固定到外壳100,并且因而是静止的。
本发明不限于以上描述,而相反地覆盖了由权利要求所限定的范围内所带来的任何变型。具体地,尽管上面的描述涉及其中角度分度机构的选择器与旋转锁定件同轴的结构,但是角度分度机构可以关于除旋转锁定件的旋转轴线之外的轴线布置,例如,与其平行的轴线,只要确保选择器和旋转锁定件之间的旋转连接。
尽管上面在锁定小齿轮在主轴或轴上的旋转的应用中描述了本发明,但是本发明更一般地应用于能关于彼此移动(无论是旋转还是平移)的两个元件之间的任何类型的锁定。例如,本发明完全适用于如文献FR 2 952 414中所述的、使用配装有旋转锁定套筒的捕获锁定装置来锁定关于彼此可滑动的两个元件。只需将旋转锁定套筒约束为与本发明的角度分度机构的选择器的旋转一起旋转。
Claims (4)
1.一种用于防止安装成关于彼此移动的两个元件(11、12)之间的移动的锁定设备,所述设备的特征在于,它包括安装成关于其中一个元件旋转的锁定件(31),以便呈现用于锁定和释放的连续的角度位置,其中所述锁定件在防止和允许所述两个元件之间的相对运动之间交替,将所述锁定件限制为与被脉冲控制致动器(70、71)致动的角度分度机构(50)的选择器(55)一起旋转,所述脉冲控制致动器(70、71)布置成推动所述选择器抵靠弹簧构件(58),以使所述选择器在每个脉冲上转动,并且由此使所述锁定件从一个角度位置转到另一个角度位置。
2.根据权利要求1所述的锁定设备,其特征在于,所述角度分度机构包括,对中在中心轴线(Z2)上的以下构件:
·环(51),所述环(51)限定孔(52),平行的引导部(53)从所述孔(52)向内突出,所述引导部由斜面(54)终止;
·选择器(55),所述选择器(55)包括钟形件(56),它的壁的自由边缘被切割以呈现连续的斜面(57),所述选择器能旋转和平移移动,并且包括用于约束它以与所述旋转锁定件一起旋转的装置(59),将弹簧构件(58)布置成将所述选择器(55)朝向所述环(51)推回,使得所述选择器的所述斜面(57)承载抵靠所述环(51)的所述引导部(53)的所述斜面(54);以及
·推动器(60),所述推动器(60)布置成被所述脉冲控制致动器轴向移动,由此将所述选择器(55)推回抵靠所述弹簧构件(58),所述推动器(60)具有与所述环(51)的所述孔(52)协配的圆形外表面,以便与接纳所述环(51)的所述引导部(53)的槽口(62)一起轴向引导它,从而约束所述推动器(60)和所述环(51)旋转,同时允许所述推动器(60)轴向移动;所述推动器(60)具有斜面(63),所述斜面(63)对准所述选择器(55)的所述斜面(57)延伸。
3.根据权利要求1所述的锁定设备,其特征在于,所述锁定件(31)和所述选择器(55)是同轴的。
4.一种组件,所述组件包括安装成自由旋转的轴(12)和小齿轮(11)的两个同轴旋转元件,并且设置有根据权利要求1所述的锁定设备,所述轴包括至少一个障碍物(30),所述至少一个障碍物(30)安装成在缩回位置和突出位置之间径向滑动,在所述缩回位置中,所述小齿轮(11)能在所述轴上自由转动,在所述突出位置中,所述障碍物在所述轴上阻挡所述小齿轮,所述锁定件(31)包括可旋转地同轴安装在所述轴内部与所述障碍物对准的衬套(32),并且呈现释放位置和锁定位置,在所述释放位置中所述障碍物被接纳在所述衬套的凹口中以便被缩回,在所述锁定位置中,所述障碍物被所述衬套推动,以便保持在所述突出位置。
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CN204942442U (zh) * | 2015-08-22 | 2016-01-06 | 北京朗胜峰测控科技有限公司 | 插销式锁紧定位装置 |
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Publication number | Publication date |
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ES2874176T3 (es) | 2021-11-04 |
FR3080880B1 (fr) | 2020-09-04 |
CN110439943A (zh) | 2019-11-12 |
CA3042195C (fr) | 2021-06-22 |
CA3042195A1 (fr) | 2019-11-04 |
EP3564118A1 (fr) | 2019-11-06 |
US20190337496A1 (en) | 2019-11-07 |
US11541855B2 (en) | 2023-01-03 |
FR3080880A1 (fr) | 2019-11-08 |
EP3564118B1 (fr) | 2021-03-24 |
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