CN106577076A

CN106577076A - Method for overcoming successive cropping obstacle of North rice

Info

Publication number: CN106577076A
Application number: CN201611170000.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 赵廷超
Original assignee: Chongqing Luoyou Agricultural Science And Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: Chongqing Luoyou Agricultural Science And Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2016-12-16
Filing date: 2016-12-16
Publication date: 2017-04-26

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for overcoming successive cropping obstacle of North rice. The method comprises the following steps: after vegetables are harvested, ploughing the soil to keep the moisture content of the soil on the plough layer below 17 percent; if the moisture content of the soil exceeds 17 percent, drying the soil in the sun in sunny days till the moisture content of the soil is less than 17 percent; paving a layer of dry crop straws on the ploughed soil according to the use amount of the straws that 60 to 100 kg of the crop straws are paved to the soil with the area of 4 to 5 m<2>, paving a thin layer of soil on the crop straws, and igniting the straws exposed outside to burn the straws, wherein with the burning of the straws, the soil on the straws continuously drops down to cover the burning straws, so that the burning of the straws is slowed down till all the straws are burnt; after the straws are burnt completely, carrying out deep ploughing uniformly, applying white rot fungi into the surface layer of the soil, which is 10 to 30 cm in depth, according to an amount of 400 to 500 g/m<2>, carrying out ploughing, and watering to keep the soil wet; and carrying out ridging and furrowing.

Description

A kind of method for overcoming rice in north china continuous cropping obstacle

Technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of soil fertilizer of agricultural aspect, and in particular to one kind overcomes rice in north china continuous cropping obstacle Method.

Background technology

Continuous cropping obstacle refers to that in same piece of land continuous cultivation Oryza sativa L. of the same race or equal the paddy growth gesture of generation becomes The features such as phenomenon of weak, yield reduction, quality decline, specificity with cumulative bad, regionality and crop.With rice in China Continuing for industry, adds the plantation of requirement and Producer of the Oryza sativa L. to natural causes such as temperature, illumination, moisture, soil types Custom, market distribution etc. so that Rice Production is limited in certain region, the Oryza sativa L. continuous cropping obstacle for occurring in all parts of the country are existing As increasingly serious, the industrialization, specialization, the development of scale in particular with facility Rice Production, Oryza sativa L. company is more exacerbated Make the generation of obstacle, make vegetable grower suffer huge economic loss, seriously constrain the sustainable development of rice industry.According to the study In the facility Oryza sativa L. continuous cropping obstacle origin cause of formation, cause of disease cumulative bad disease, subterranean pest-insect, physiological disturbance (nutritional deficiency), soil reason in soil Change property deterioration, the frequency of occurrences of nematicide and other factors is respectively 68.72%, 10.18%, 9.53%, 6.67%, 6.08%th, 2.55%.There is larger difference between not equal Oryza sativa L., equal middle different Oryza sativa L. also have different or slightly difference, In soil, cause of disease cumulative bad disease is main continuous cropping obstacle type.Continuous cropping obstacle correlation disease mainly has droop, bacterial wilt, root 16 kinds of maize ear rot, soft rot etc., related insect pest have 7 kinds of Holotrichia diomphalia Batess, Gryllotalpa and black cutworm etc..The generation of continuous cropping obstacle is related to make Thing, soil, environment etc. are biological, abiotic many complicated factors, add influencing each other for these factors so that solve this Problem is more complicated, any single measure or is all difficult to receive preferable effect by a few measure.Oryza sativa L. is overcome to make The research of thing Soil-sickness Problem should concentrate on two aspects at least, and one is the research for rice crop itself, and two is to be directed to The research of the parties concerned such as soil nutrient, soil environment, soil microorganism.The skill for overcoming continuous cropping obstacle commonly used in production at present Art has crop rotation, intercropping, from anti-(resistance to) continuous cropping kind, grafting, soilless culture, rational soil management, (organic fertilizer is filled Water logging field, adjusts pH value, and using soil disinfection medicament, disinfection with hot water, high temperature boil in a covered pot over a slow fire canopy), Biological control etc..Oryza sativa L. continuous cropping obstacle and Its harm is very universal, in addition to Long-term Rotated, it is difficult to pass through one kind or a few measure is fully solved problem, Oryza sativa L. continuous cropping barrier Hinder, make vegetable grower suffer huge economic loss, and because continuous cropping obstacle makes rice disease and pest Evil causes pesticide Use out of range and pollutes environment in a large number, makes human residential environment become severe.Thus effectively preventing and treating Oryza sativa L. connects The method for making obstacle has important meaning to improving vegetable grower's income and preserving the ecological environment.

The content of the invention

In order to solve the problems, such as that Oryza sativa L. continuous cropping obstacle often makes the Oryza sativa L. significantly underproduction even total crop failure, the present invention provide a kind of gram The method of the northern greenhouse Oryza sativa L. continuous cropping obstacle of clothes, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：

After rice harves, plowed soils, Soil Water Content in Tilth Layer are maintained at less than 17%；If soil moisture content exceedes 17%, shone to soil moisture content using the fine day sun and be less than 17%；One layer of dry crop material of place mat, straw on the soil turned over Consumption is 4-5m²Area soil spreads 60-100kg crop materials, and one layer of crop material upper berth thin soil lights the straw for exposing outside Stalk so as to burn, as straw burning, the soil above straw constantly fall down the straw for covering burning, makes straw burning slack-off Only all burn to straw, ploughed deeply after having burnt, turn over even, Soil improvement matrix is pressed into 400-500g/m²The amount in soil is applied 10-30cm deep upper soll layer is turned over, holding moistening of watering；

Ridging does furrow：Cultivated using big ridge plateau, by the wide row spacings of 130cm, north-south ridging, row spacing 80cm, high by 15～ 20cm, operation furrow width 50cm, ridge platform lay drip irrigation zone or drip irrigation pipe after finishing, the overlay film after covering film or field planting on the table top；

Fertilising：Fertilizer is completely used as base manure, disposably spreads manuer in holes in the cave of transplanting rice, and chemical fertilizer is mixed fine earth and spread fertilizer over the fields in soil Table, applies 750kg/hm during transplanting²Make base manure, florescence topdresses 150kg/hm², after the 1st harvesting fruit, impose 150kg/hm², 10kg/hm is imposed after plucking for 2nd time², after the 3rd harvesting, impose 5kg/hm²During microorganism adds fertilizer to process, except applying base It is fertile outer, in the transplanting rice after seedling 20d initial bloom stage best fruiting period respectively with the bacterium solution pouring root Oryza sativa L. of above-mentioned alignment processing, per cave 100mL, And foliage fertilizer is applied in growth course with trace element supplement, regulating crop growth, prevent and treat physiological disease, fruit picking most productive period Oryza sativa L. With potash fertilizer as main control nitrogenous fertilizer, and note arrange in pairs or groups trace element fertilizer and carbon-dioxide gasfertilizer, more than 5 years sunlights of sequential cropping cultivation Room, overwintering cultivation every time the decrement 1/3～1/2 on the basis of in the past conventional punching fertilising prevent soil salt accumulation to product yield and The impact of quality；

Field management：Field management measure is identical, and batch Oryza sativa L. indoor temperature of surviving the winter during slow seedling after field planting is still higher, Adopt appropriate shade covering time length and promoted with 25-30 DEG C of day temperature, 18-20 DEG C of nocturnal temperature depending on the power of illumination at that time Enter to accelerate that new root occurs, 25-30 DEG C of day temperature after slow seedling, 15-18 DEG C of minimum temperatures of nocturnal temperature must not be empty less than 10 DEG C Gas relative humidity 60% -70%, when indoor night temperature can not keep more than 10 DEG C, night starts to cover straw mat or cotton-wadded quilt enters Row insulation；Stubble of surviving the winter is produced, and little water duty is poured, liquid manure one, the fertile and micro- fertile science of crop different growth stage a great number of elements N, P, K With applying, produce usually 10d or so the punchings of fruit most productive period and apply fertilizer 1 time, 30d general 3 times or so, into 30d watering, fertilizings cold season 2 Secondary, the punching of time of infertility Fructus Lycopersici esculenti is applied 6-8 time, and Oryza sativa L. punching applies 20 times or so.

Using organic biomass mixture, according to addition per ton 50～150 kilograms of dried poultrymanures, cattle manure animal wastes, or 50～70 kilograms of refined organic fertilizer mix homogeneously, the adjusting water content that adds water are inoculated with bacillus subtilises, unfold aspergillosis to 50～65% Viable bacteria mix bacterium agent, the ratio of above-mentioned bacterium is 2:0.5, it is 0.1～0.3% that compound bacteria accounts for the ratio of material, and banking up carries out bar pile Formula or slot type aerobic fermentation, through the fermentation of 30～50 days, form stable humic material, air-dry or dry to 20% water Part；The Calx adjusting water content 15～20% of organic substrate addition 3～5%, while so that pH ＞ 8, it is subsequently adding 0.5- 1.5% cyanamide mix homogeneously, by material ventilation, collect when temperature of charge is down to room temperature it is standby；By activated carbon or life One or several mixture and calcium silicates, magnesium silicate in thing carbon or zeolite press 1:0.2—0.5:0.2-0.5 ratio mixes After uniform, with 1:1-1.2 ratio adds nitrolim, mix homogeneously to obtain inorganic matrix；By the inorganic matrix produced by 3-5% ratio adds the organic substrate produced by step 4, mix homogeneously to obtain Soil improvement matrix.

The organic biomass are to be planted into 3mm length, or rice husk, wheat grain husk shell, corn cob with Caulis et Folium Oryzae crops stalk crushing Thing fruit residue is crushed to diameter 3mm granules, or with wood sawdust, ethanol slag, furfural dregs agricultural byproducts processing garbage, or with The mixture of upper raw material.

Operate by more than, straw imperfect combustion produces high temperature and sootiness and kills disease, worm, weed seed in soil, Coke species energy improved soil and fertilizer conservation water conservation that the imperfect combustions such as straw are generated, straw itself are given back containing Total Nutrient Soil balanced soil nutrient, straw ash alkalescence can also adjust soil pH, be improved the paddy soil of acidifying.Apply in soil The mechanism of degradation that microbial inoculum degrading organic pollutant is particularly phenolic acid, particularly Phanerochaete chrysosporium is inactivated with whiterot fungi System determines that its catalysis oxidation to organic substrates is high non-specific, large number of low-molecular-weight chloro phenols, chloro Benzene class, multiring aromatic hydrocarbon, chloro alkyl benzene, chloro multiring aromatic hydrocarbon and monocyclic aromatic compound can be by yellow archespore hairs The degraded of flat lead fungi, the degraded scope of its wide spectrum, cheap nutritional requirement, the completeness of degraded, the advantage for competing and to solid-liquid base The adaptability of matter, makes Phanerochaete chrysosporium in the soil application of degraded phenolic acid, have economic, efficient, practicality etc. many Item advantage.

Specific embodiment

Embodiment 1

After Fructus Cucumidis sativi harvests, plowed soils, Soil Water Content in Tilth Layer are maintained at less than 17%；If soil moisture content exceedes 17%, shone to soil moisture content using the fine day sun and be less than 17%；2) one layer of dry crop material of place mat, straw on the soil turned over Stalk consumption is that 4-5m2 areas soil spreads 60-100kg crop materials, and one layer of crop material upper berth thin soil is lighted and exposed outside Straw so as to burn, as straw burning, the soil above straw constantly fall down the straw for covering burning, becomes straw burning It is slow only all to have burnt to straw, plough deeply after having burnt, turn over even, white-rot fungus are applied into 10- by the amount in 400-500g/m2 soils 30cm deep upper soll layer is turned over, holding moistening of watering；3) ridging does furrow：Cultivated using big ridge plateau, by the wide ridges of 130cm Away from, north-south ridging, row spacing 80cm, high 15～20cm, operation furrow width 50cm, ridge platform lay drip irrigation zone or drip irrigation pipe after finishing, The overlay film after covering film or field planting on the table top, after field planting, during slow seedling, winter-crossing cucumber indoor temperature is still higher, using suitable Depending on shade covering time length is with the power of illumination at that time, 25-30 DEG C of day temperature, 18-20 DEG C of nocturnal temperature promotes to accelerate Generation new root, 25-30 DEG C of day temperature after slow seedling, 15-18 DEG C of minimum temperatures of nocturnal temperature must not be relative less than 10 DEG C of air Humidity 60% -70%, when indoor night temperature can not keep more than 10 DEG C, night starts to cover straw mat or cotton-wadded quilt is protected Temperature；4) rich water quality management：Stubble of surviving the winter is produced, and little water duty pours, liquid manure one, crop different growth stage a great number of elements N, P, K fertilizer and Micro- fertile science is produced usually 10d or so the punchings of fruit most productive period and is applied fertilizer 1 time with applying, and 30d general 3 times or so is poured into 30d cold season Water applies fertilizer 2 times, and the punching of time of infertility Fructus Lycopersici esculenti is applied 6-8 time, and Fructus Cucumidis sativi punching is applied 20 times or so Fructus Capsici punchings and applied 12-15 time, fruit picking most productive period Fructus Cucumidis sativi With potash fertilizer as main control nitrogenous fertilizer, and note arrange in pairs or groups trace element fertilizer and carbon-dioxide gasfertilizer, Fructus Cucumidis sativi enriches the micro- fertilizer of calcium, magnesium, continuous cropping More than 5 years heliogreenhouses of cultivation, on the basis of conventional punching fertilising in the past, decrement 1/3～1/2 prevents soil salt to overwintering cultivation every time Divide impact of the accumulation to product yield and quality.

White-rot fungus are prepared as follows：Mix with wood flour after whiterot fungi spore suspension basal medium is diluted Close, microbial inoculum is made in subpackage, culture, drying, the 105～106cfu/ml whiterot fungi spore suspension 35-75kg per 100ml The dilution of sterilizing basal medium, add the sterilizing wood flour of 40-60kg to mix, make wood flour water content for 40-60%, pack is put 30-37 DEG C of incubator culture 8-10 days, with 40-50 DEG C of oven drying 20-24 hour, standby, whiterot fungi is put down from yellow archespore hair Lead fungi (Phanerochete chrysosporium).

Embodiment 2

After Fructus Lycopersici esculenti harvests, plowed soils, Soil Water Content in Tilth Layer are maintained at less than 17%；If soil moisture content exceedes 17%, shone to soil moisture content using the fine day sun and be less than 17%；2) one layer of dry crop material of place mat, straw on the soil turned over Stalk consumption is that 4-5m2 areas soil spreads 60-100kg crop materials, and one layer of crop material upper berth thin soil is lighted and exposed outside Straw so as to burn, as straw burning, the soil above straw constantly fall down the straw for covering burning, becomes straw burning It is slow only all to have burnt to straw, plough deeply after having burnt, turn over even, white-rot fungus are applied into 10- by the amount in 400-500g/m2 soils 30cm deep upper soll layer is turned over, holding moistening of watering；3) ridging does furrow：Cultivated using big ridge plateau, by the wide ridges of 130cm Away from, north-south ridging, row spacing 80cm, high 15～20cm, operation furrow width 50cm, ridge platform lay drip irrigation zone or drip irrigation pipe after finishing, The overlay film after covering film or field planting on the table top, batch Fructus Lycopersici esculenti indoor temperature of surviving the winter during slow seedling after field planting are still higher, using suitable Depending on shade covering time length is with the power of illumination at that time, 25-30 DEG C of day temperature, 18-20 DEG C of nocturnal temperature promotes to accelerate Generation new root, 25-30 DEG C of day temperature after slow seedling, 15-18 DEG C of minimum temperatures of nocturnal temperature must not be relative less than 10 DEG C of air Humidity 60% -70%, when indoor night temperature can not keep more than 10 DEG C, night starts to cover straw mat or cotton-wadded quilt is protected Temperature；4) rich water quality management：Stubble of surviving the winter is produced, and little water duty pours, liquid manure one, crop different growth stage a great number of elements N, P, K fertilizer and Micro- fertile science is produced usually 10d or so the punchings of fruit most productive period and is applied fertilizer 1 time with applying, and 30d general 3 times or so is poured into 30d cold season Water applies fertilizer 2 times, and the punching of time of infertility Fructus Lycopersici esculenti is applied 6-8 time, and Fructus Lycopersici esculenti punching is applied 20 times or so, and the fruit picking most productive period, Fructus Lycopersici esculenti was with potash fertilizer as main control nitrogen Fertilizer, and note arrange in pairs or groups trace element fertilizer and carbon-dioxide gasfertilizer, Fructus Lycopersici esculenti enriches the micro- fertilizer of calcium, magnesium, more than 5 years sunlights of sequential cropping cultivation Room, overwintering cultivation every time the decrement 1/3～1/2 on the basis of in the past conventional punching fertilising prevent soil salt accumulation to product yield and The impact of quality.

Soil conditioner matter is applied on facility cultivation Fructus Capsici；Do in the booth of ten batches of Fructus Cucumidiss sativi on soil, according to reality in company The method that example 1 is applied with 2 is compared with control field, and the dead strain of Fructus Capsici is zero, and the control field 15%, soil weight mitigates 5～8%, soil salt Point i.e. EC values lower that 50～100%, field growing way is uniform, the speed of growth improves 80～100%, increase production 50～170%.

Soil conditioner matter is applied on facility cultivation Fructus Capsici；Do in the booth of ten batches of Fructus Lycopersici esculenties on soil, according to reality in company The method that example 1 is applied with 2 is compared with control field, is colonized after allowing substrate and soil fully to react 20 days, makes control field not use Improvement substrate, same fertilising, soil is loose, unit weight reduces by 5%, and salinity declines 40% i.e. EC values.Plant early sends out, well developed root system, Root amount increases by more than 30%, and improving activity of root system is strong, and after harvesting, Bletilla striata (Thunb.ex A.Murray)Rchb.f. amount accounts for 40%, and yield increases by more than 25%, and control Bletilla striata (Thunb.ex A.Murray)Rchb.f. is zero.

Claims

1. a kind of method for overcoming rice in north china continuous cropping obstacle, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：

1), after rice harves, plowed soils, Soil Water Content in Tilth Layer are maintained at less than 17%；If soil moisture content is more than 17%, Shone to soil moisture content using the fine day sun and be less than 17%；One layer of dry crop material of place mat, straw consumption on the soil turned over For 4-5m²Area soil spreads 60-100kg crop materials, and one layer of crop material upper berth thin soil lights the straw for exposing outside, Make which burn, as straw burning, the soil above straw constantly fall down the straw for covering burning, make straw burning slack-off to straw Stalk has only all burnt, and ploughs deeply, turn over even, Soil improvement matrix is pressed 400-500g/m after having burnt²The amount in soil applies 10- 30cm deep upper soll layer is turned over, holding moistening of watering；

2) ridging does furrow：Cultivated using big ridge plateau, by the wide row spacings of 130cm, north-south ridging, row spacing 80cm, high by 15～ 20cm, operation furrow width 50cm, ridge platform lay drip irrigation zone or drip irrigation pipe after finishing, the overlay film after covering film or field planting on the table top；

3) apply fertilizer：Fertilizer is completely used as base manure, disposably spreads manuer in holes in the cave of transplanting rice, and chemical fertilizer is mixed fine earth and spread fertilizer over the fields in soil Table, applies 750kg/hm during transplanting²Make base manure, florescence topdresses 150kg/hm², after the 1st harvesting fruit, impose 150kg/hm², 10kg/hm is imposed after plucking for 2nd time², after the 3rd harvesting, impose 5kg/hm²During microorganism adds fertilizer to process, except applying base It is fertile outer, in the transplanting rice after seedling 20d initial bloom stage best fruiting period respectively with the bacterium solution pouring root Oryza sativa L. of above-mentioned alignment processing, per cave 100mL, And foliage fertilizer is applied in growth course with trace element supplement, regulating crop growth, prevent and treat physiological disease, fruit picking most productive period Oryza sativa L. With potash fertilizer as main control nitrogenous fertilizer, and note arrange in pairs or groups trace element fertilizer and carbon-dioxide gasfertilizer, more than 5 years sunlights of sequential cropping cultivation Room, overwintering cultivation every time the decrement 1/3～1/2 on the basis of in the past conventional punching fertilising prevent soil salt accumulation to product yield and The impact of quality；

4) field management：Field management measure is identical, and batch Oryza sativa L. indoor temperature of surviving the winter during slow seedling after field planting is still higher, adopts Promoted with 25-30 DEG C of day temperature, 18-20 DEG C of nocturnal temperature depending on the power of illumination at that time with appropriate shade covering time length Accelerate new root, 25-30 DEG C of day temperature after slow seedling, 15-18 DEG C of minimum temperatures of nocturnal temperature must not be less than 10 DEG C of air Relative humidity 60% -70%, when indoor night temperature can not keep more than 10 DEG C, night starts covering straw mat or cotton-wadded quilt is carried out Insulation；Stubble of surviving the winter is produced, and little water duty is poured, and liquid manure one, the fertile and micro- fertile science of crop different growth stage a great number of elements N, P, K are matched somebody with somebody Apply, it is usually 10d or so punching fertilising 1 time to produce the fruit most productive period, 30d general 3 times or so, into 30d watering, fertilizings cold season 2 times, The punching of time of infertility Fructus Lycopersici esculenti is applied 6-8 time, and Oryza sativa L. punching applies 20 times or so.

2. a kind of method for overcoming rice in north china continuous cropping obstacle according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Using organic life Mixture of substances, according to addition per ton 50～150 kilograms of dried poultrymanures, cattle manure animal wastes, or 50～70 kilograms refined organic Fertile mix homogeneously, the adjusting water content that adds water are inoculated with bacillus subtilises, unfold aspergillosis viable bacteria mix bacterium agent to 50～65%, above-mentioned The ratio of bacterium is 2:0.5, it is 0.1～0.3% that compound bacteria accounts for the ratio of material, and banking up carries out bar buttress formula or slot type aerobic fermentation, Through the fermentation of 30～50 days, stable humic material is formed, air-dry or dry to 20% moisture content；Organic substrate addition 3～ 5% Calx adjusting water content 15～20%, while so that pH ＞ 8, are subsequently adding 0.5-1.5% cyanamide mix homogeneously, will Material ventilation, collect when temperature of charge is down to room temperature it is standby；By the one kind in activated carbon or biological carbon or zeolite or Several mixture and calcium silicates, magnesium silicate press 1:0.2—0.5:After 0.2-0.5 ratio mix homogeneously, with 1:1-1.2 ratio Nitrolim, mix homogeneously is added to obtain inorganic matrix；Add step 4 made in 3-5% ratio the inorganic matrix produced The organic substrate for taking, mix homogeneously obtain Soil improvement matrix.

3. a kind of method for overcoming rice in north china continuous cropping obstacle according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：Organic life Material is to be crushed to into 3mm length, or rice husk, wheat grain husk shell, corn cob fruit residue with Caulis et Folium Oryzae crops stalk crushing Diameter 3mm granules, or with the mixture of wood sawdust, ethanol slag, furfural dregs agricultural byproducts processing garbage, or more raw material.