CN100562244C - Culturing method of millet wide-seeding and thin-planting in high-yield - Google Patents

Culturing method of millet wide-seeding and thin-planting in high-yield Download PDF

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CN100562244C
CN100562244C CNB2005100121454A CN200510012145A CN100562244C CN 100562244 C CN100562244 C CN 100562244C CN B2005100121454 A CNB2005100121454 A CN B2005100121454A CN 200510012145 A CN200510012145 A CN 200510012145A CN 100562244 C CN100562244 C CN 100562244C
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于学忠
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Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of culturing method of millet wide-seeding and thin-planting in high-yield, this method is by choosing ground, site preparation and fertilization, seed selection and seed treatment, plantation, field management, six steps of ripe and harvested are finished, millet is wide broadcasts the kind that thin planting is meant millet, pipe, whole operations such as receipts all are a kind of kind of method for planting that carries out under the soil environment of routine and weather conditions, this method has not only solved the low and unstable present situation of middle-and-low-yielding fields grain yield, and solved dust storm, barren soil arid chronospecies grain such as does not receive at problem, solve crop mix simultaneously and adjusted the improved seeds substitution problem, had high yield, high-quality, efficiently, adaptability widely, disease and insect resistance, drought-resistant, characteristics such as resistant to lodging and anti-low temperature.

Description

Culturing method of millet wide-seeding and thin-planting in high-yield
Technical field
The present invention relates to the kind method for planting of a kind of millet, concrete ground a kind of culturing method of millet wide-seeding and thin-planting in high-yield of saying so.
Background technology
In whole dry land crop ped location, all because of factors such as millet yield poorly, takes a lot of work, and substituted by corn and other crops at present, though there is plantation in indivedual area, cultivate in the mode of coarse cereals, area is very little.
Serious in the most of area of northern China arid in recent years, dry field farming produce amounts such as corn are very unstable, and benefit begins to descend.For this reason, some areas begin progressively to plant millet, owing to utilize old kind and all adopt traditional live dense planting method plantation, output is very low always, and rice matter is not good, ineffective.
At present, in dry crop, surpassing corn on the output and on the benefit without any a kind of dry land cereal crops, though upland rice is cultivated successfully, be subjected to the natural environmental condition restriction too big, general dry land agricultural region all can not be cultivated.Millet is wide adaptability not only, and takes the wide thin planting technology of broadcasting can make output surpass corn, and to be lower than the input of one times of corn, exceeds the income of corn more than 2 times.Therefore fully can establishing in large scale in the poor ridge of soil district, thus corn substituted.
Culturing method of millet wide-seeding and thin-planting in high-yield is the breakthrough development to the live dense planting method of original breaking.Large-area millet is wide to be broadcast the thin planting plantation and has not only solved pattern of farming and adjust problem, and peasant's input cost is reduced at double.One hectare of corn input is wanted 2700 yuan, and 1300 yuan of one hectare of millet insufficient investments, and millet is wide broadcasts that thin planting can solve that middle-and-low-yielding fields yield poorly and the arid crop ped location reduction of income in dry season of unstable and northern dust storm or the puzzlement of not receiving problem.And contribute a large amount of high-quality grains to the mankind.The wide thin planting high yield new technology of broadcasting of millet can make 50% of maize planting drop into, and produces the high-quality millet that is higher than corn yield.The plot of corn can not be planted and millet can be planted fully.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to be to solve following technical problem and be:
1, solved the low and unstable present situation of middle-and-low-yielding fields grain yield;
2, solved the dust storm barren soil arid chronospecies grain reduction of income or problem such as do not receive;
3, solve the dry land pattern of farming and adjusted the improved seeds substitution problem.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this, this millet is wide to be broadcast the thin planting method and is meant kind method for planting under natural environmental condition, whole operations such as the kind of millet, pipe, receipts all are to carry out under conventional natural environmental condition in other words, and do not need the specific conditions requirement, the wide thin planting kind method for planting of broadcasting of millet belongs to Dry crop natural, ecological type.
This culturing method of millet wide-seeding and thin-planting in high-yield comprises choosing ground, site preparation and fertilization, seed selection and seed treatment, plantation, field management, six steps of ripe and harvested;
Described choosing ground process is:
(1), based on dust storm fluvisol and the light husky alkaline earth earth and the northwest plateau loess of the Northeast;
(2), the thin but plot that must execute farmyard manure of soil fertility ridge for well more;
(3), the light alkali of P in soil H value about 8, husky alkali and dust storm soil and the pH value slant acidity soil more than 5 all can;
(4), the early stage crops for rotation do not limit, the best is the soybean stubble.
Described site preparation and fertilization process is meant fertilizer and composite organic-inorganic fertilizer and the process of executing, detailed process be carry out the autumn plough, the spring ploughs or beat ridge spring before be earlier fertilizer to be applied in the ground, it is whole layer placement of fertilizer, plough then or beat ridge, the degree of depth of ploughing is 15~20cm, the making ridge of in time raking the soil level after turning in time jolt-squeezes after beating ridge, in order to protecting fertile soil moisture conservation.Every mu of total fertilization amount is 50kg, and all as base manure, fertilizer is executed 30kg, and composite organic-inorganic fertilizer is joined and executed 20kg, can enrich the farmyard manure that it is good that 500~800kg becomes thoroughly decomposed simultaneously, to guarantee Product Green safety.
Described seed selection and seed treatment process comprise:
(1), selected by Gongzhuling, the Jilin country Agricultural Science and Technology Park tiller paddy of rich high-new technology farming Co., Ltd of coming together by adopting yellow paddy of northeast granule (it is neat to be commonly called as hilt) and wild broom corn millet engrafting and cultivating to form, in 90~105 days time of infertility, be fit to various soil and plant.
(2), the seed of choosing put into 5~8% salt solution soaked 1~2 hour, salt solution and seed rate are 5: 1.
(3), the seed that soaks after good pulls out with gauze control solid carbon dioxide, be placed on the shady and cool ventilation place then and dry.
(4), prior to seeding, seed-grain being exposed to the sun 2~4 hours in the sun, uses biologic product then---pyroligneous liquor can use after mixing all to water and seed, and the weight proportion of pyroligneous liquor, water and seed is 1: 4: 60.
Described planting process is: accomplish fluently the plot sowing of ridge having executed fertilizer, big ridge is wide broadcasts, and the ridge bottom width is 60~65cm, the ridge top width is 35~40cm, and shallow trench digging, wide sowing are taked in sowing, trench digging back dibbling earlier, the trench digging width is 15~18cm, and trench depth is 4~5cm, has stepped on bottom sieve frame behind the trench digging, sow earthing then, thickness of earth covering is 2~3cm, and compacting behind the earthing is when the paddy seedling grows to 2~3 leaves, shovel time once loosens the soil, be beneficial to quick growth, when the paddy seedling grows to 5~6 leaves, begin manually to open seedling (thinning), all stay individual plant with hoe, spacing in the rows 12~18cm, stay and turn the word seedling, seedling 12~14 strains are stayed in every square metre of assurance, are beneficial to ventilation and penetrating light and tiller more.Can in time mend if any disconnected seedling plot when opening seedling and plant.Open behind the seedling and in time close ridge dark time, when millet enters booting stage, with manually pulling out weeds and assorted strain, to guarantee the millet healthy growth.
Described planting process is: the millet implantation time is by regional classification, one season of northeast the crop crop ped location can April 15 to May 15.Two season of the wheat belt crop in North China can be finished sowing at once in wheat harvest, and the Northwest arid district should be looked soil moisture content and decide, and generally should not surpass April 5 the earliest, can not surpass June 1 the latest.Disposable basal dressing (comprising farmyard manure) during plantation.General per hectare organic fertilizer 450kg, composite organic-inorganic fertilizer 300kg, the good farmyard manure 7500~12000kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed (takes the circumstances into consideration increase and decrease, as the suitable decrement in fertile district, the soil of Heilongjiang Province with the visual soil fertility of the amount of spreading manure, general decrement is about 15%, the karoo district of northwest is increment suitably), depth unanimity during plantation, earthing is even, the good conditions for soil moisture gently presses when pressing ground, the bad arid of soil moisture content the time is answered weight, and per hectare can not surpass 3.5kg with a kind maximum amount, and the spacing in the rows minimum of seedling can not be lower than 12cm.
Described field management process is:
(1), loosens the soil: when seedling grows to 2~3 leaves, shovel one time, shallow then time,, also remove part weeds in early days simultaneously in order to growing and tillering with hoe.
(2), thinning: when seedling grew to 5~6 leaves, beginning was manually opened seedling with hoe, all stays individual plant, turns the word seedling, spacing in the rows 15~18cm, every square metre of 12~14 strains of keeping a full stand of seedings are beneficial to ventilation and penetrating light, improve tillering capacity.Can in time mend if any the plot that is short of seedling when opening seedling and plant, in time close ridge dark time after opening seedling.
(3), weeding: enter booting stage when millet tillers after finishing,, be beneficial to the millet healthy growth with manually pulling out weeds and assorted strain.
Described ripe and harvested process is: when millet enters the ripe and harvested phase, preferably adopt mechanical harvesting, be beneficial to the raising of grain quality and reduce impurity.
The present invention is owing to taked above-mentioned kind method for planting to have the following advantages:
1, high yield: with this all method for planting, outstanding behaviours for tiller by force, high yield, The mean tillering can reach more than 5, output reaches as high as 1500 jin, a traditional unit of weight of/mu (667m 2) more than, be higher than corn.
2, high-quality: with the millet that this kind method is produced, rice matter is good, golden yellow color, and rice is soft agreeable to the taste, and fragrant is dense.After testing, every index all is better than common millet.
3, efficient: as to compare with corn, produce and drop into and to reduce more than 50%, and income is more than 2 times of corn.By Gongzhuling City corn with high yield district, Jilin Province contrast, 5000 yuan of the booming income less thaies of one hectare of maize planting, and plantation millet net income can be more than 10,000 yuan.And millet straw is the optimum feed of livestock and poultry, and the per hectare millet straw can produce more than 20,000 jin, can increase income nearly 3000 yuan.
4, anti-storage: the storage life of conventional grain corn, paddy rice, soybean, wheat is generally 2-3, just became grain in storage for years later in 3 years, and millet can store 50-80 under conventional environment, reach as high as 100 years and never degenerate.
Wide adaptability, resistance.This kind has adaptability and disease and insect resistance widely, and is drought-resistant, resistant to lodging, characteristics such as anti-low temperature.Dry agricuture crop ped location in China northeast, northwest, North China, the middle-and-low-yielding fields area is bigger, particularly poor ridge soil such as dust storm accounts for 1/3rd of the gross area, grain yield is low and unstable, meet the most no harvests of extra drought age, therefore utilize these land resources plantation millet, be not only the effective utilization of land resources and the transformation of middle-and-low-yielding fields, and in grain-production, can be described as a contribution greatly the mankind; Can allow simultaneously people be able to eat real relieved pollution-free food~millet.
Under equal environmental condition, adopt culturing method of millet wide-seeding and thin-planting in high-yield plantation millet and the contrast of corn benefit, see the following form:
The millet corn benefit table of comparisons
Figure C20051001214500071
Embodiment
Embodiment: with 10000m 2The area soil is an example:
1, choosing ground
(1), based on dust storm fluvisol and the light husky alkaline earth earth and the northwest plateau loess of the Northeast;
(2), the thin but plot that must execute farmyard manure of soil fertility ridge for well more;
(3), the light alkali of P in soil H value about 8, husky alkali and dust storm soil and the pH value slant acidity soil more than 5 all can;
(4), the early stage crops for rotation do not limit, the best is the soybean stubble.
2, site preparation and fertilization
(1), carries out generally that the autumn ploughs or the spring ploughs and the spring is beaten ridge.The degree of depth of ploughing is 15~20cm, plough the back in time rake press, in time jolt-squeeze in order to protecting fertile the soil moisture conservation after beating ridge, the making ridge width should be ridge bottom width 60~65cm, ridge top width 35~40cm.
(2), for guaranteeing to obtain high yield, must use sufficient base manure, the one, millet need not topdressed, and uses sufficient base manure and be difficult for to run off; The 2nd, fertile sufficient seedling is strong, strengthens drought resisting and disease resistance ability.General per hectare organic fertilizer 450kg executes composite organic-inorganic fertilizer 300kg, executes the good farmyard manure 7500~12000kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed.Fertilization depth is 8~12cm, is the best to execute holostrome fertilizer.
3, seed selection and seed treatment
(1), selected by Gongzhuling, the Jilin Province country Agricultural Science and Technology Park tiller paddy of rich high-new technology farming Co., Ltd of coming together by adopting yellow paddy of northeast granule (it is neat to be commonly called as hilt) and wild broom corn millet engrafting and cultivating to form, in 90~105 days time of infertility, be fit to various soil and plant.
(2), the seed of choosing put into 5~8% salt solution soaked 1~2 hour, water and seed rate are 5: 1.
(3), the seed that soaks after good pulls out with gauze control solid carbon dioxide, be placed on the shady and cool ventilation place then and dry.
(4), prior to seeding, seed-grain was tanned by the sun 2~4 hours in the sun, use biologic product~pyroligneous liquor 50g then, can use after mixing all to water 200g and seed 3000g.
4, plantation
The millet implantation time is by regional classification, one season of northeast the crop crop ped location can April 15 to May 15.Two season of the wheat belt crop in North China can be finished sowing at once in wheat harvest, and the Northwest arid district should be looked soil moisture content and decide, and generally should not surpass April 5 the earliest, can not surpass June 1 the latest.Disposable basal dressing (comprising farmyard manure) during plantation.General per hectare organic fertilizer 450kg, composite organic-inorganic fertilizer 300kg, becoming thoroughly decomposed, (take the circumstances into consideration increase and decrease with the visual soil fertility of the amount of spreading manure, as the suitable decrement in fertile district, the soil of Heilongjiang Province, generally decrement is about 15% to good farmyard manure 7500~12000kg, the karoo district of northwest is increment suitably), depth unanimity during plantation, earthing is even, and the good conditions for soil moisture gently presses when pressing ground, the bad arid of soil moisture content the time is answered weight, and per hectare can not surpass 3.5kg with a kind maximum amount.The spacing in the rows of the Northeast's seedling is 15~18cm, and the spacing in the rows of northwest and North China's seedling is 12~15cm.
5, field management
(1), loosens the soil: when seedling grows to 2~3 leaves, shovel one time, shallow then time,, also remove part weeds in early days simultaneously in order to growing and tillering with hoe.
(2), thinning: when seedling grew to 5~6 leaves, beginning was manually opened seedling with hoe, all stays individual plant, turns the word seedling, spacing in the rows 15~18cm, every square metre of 12~14 strains of keeping a full stand of seedings are beneficial to ventilation and penetrating light, improve tillering capacity.Can in time mend if any the plot that is short of seedling when opening seedling and plant, in time close ridge dark time after opening seedling.
(3), weeding: enter booting stage when millet tillers after finishing,, be beneficial to the millet healthy growth with manually pulling out weeds and assorted strain.
6, ripe and harvested
When millet enters the ripe and harvested phase, preferably adopt mechanical harvesting, be beneficial to the raising of grain quality and reduce impurity.

Claims (5)

1, a kind of culturing method of millet wide-seeding and thin-planting in high-yield, it comprises choosing ground, site preparation and fertilization, seed selection and seed treatment, plantation, field management, six steps of ripe and harvested, it is characterized in that:
Described seed selection and seed treatment process comprise:
(1), selectes the tiller paddy of adopting yellow paddy of northeast granule and wild broom corn millet engrafting and cultivating to form, 90~105 days time of infertility;
(2), the seed of choosing put into 5~8% salt solution soaked 1~2 hour, salt solution and seed rate are 5: 1;
(3), the seed that soaks after good pulls out with gauze control solid carbon dioxide, being placed on the shady and cool ventilation place then dries;
(4), prior to seeding, seed-grain being tanned by the sun 2~4 hours in the sun, uses biologic product then---pyroligneous liquor can use after mixing all to water and seed, and the weight proportion of pyroligneous liquor, water and seed is 1: 4: 60;
Described planting process is: accomplish fluently the plot sowing of ridge having executed fertilizer, big ridge is wide broadcasts, and the ridge bottom width is 60~65cm, the ridge top width is 35~40cm, and shallow trench digging, wide sowing are taked in sowing, trench digging back dibbling earlier, the trench digging width is 15~18cm, and trench depth is 4~5cm, has stepped on bottom sieve frame behind the trench digging, sow earthing then, thickness of earth covering is 2~3cm, and compacting behind the earthing is when the paddy seedling grows to 2~3 leaves, shovel time once loosens the soil, be beneficial to quick growth, when the paddy seedling grows to 5~6 leaves, begin manually to open seedling (thinning), all stay individual plant with hoe, spacing in the rows 12~18cm, stay and turn the word seedling, seedling 12~14 strains are stayed in every square metre of assurance, are beneficial to ventilation and penetrating light and tiller more, can in time mend if any disconnected seedling plot when opening seedling and plant, open behind the seedling and in time close ridge dark time, when millet enters booting stage, with manually pulling out weeds and assorted strain.
2, a kind of culturing method of millet wide-seeding and thin-planting in high-yield according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described site preparation and fertilization process is meant fertilizer and composite organic-inorganic fertilizer and the process of executing, detailed process is to plough carrying out the autumn, spring ploughs or beats the preceding elder generation of ridge spring fertilizer is applied in the ground, it is whole layer placement of fertilizer, plough then or beat ridge, the degree of depth of ploughing is 15~20cm, the making ridge of in time raking the soil level after turning over, in time jolt-squeeze after beating ridge, in order to protecting fertile soil moisture conservation, every mu of total fertilization amount is 50k g, all as base manure, fertilizer is executed 30kg, and composite organic-inorganic fertilizer is joined and executed 20kg, can enrich the farmyard manure that it is good that 500~800kg becomes thoroughly decomposed simultaneously.
3, a kind of culturing method of millet wide-seeding and thin-planting in high-yield according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described choosing ground process is:
(1), adopts dust storm fluvisol and the light husky alkaline earth earth and the northwest plateau loess of the Northeast;
(2), farmyard manure will be executed in the plot that the soil fertility ridge is thin more;
(3), the light alkali of P in soil H value about 8, husky alkali and dust storm soil and the pH value slant acidity soil more than 5 all can;
(4), early stage, crops for rotation was not limit.
4, a kind of culturing method of millet wide-seeding and thin-planting in high-yield according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described planting process is: the millet implantation time is by regional classification, one season of northeast the crop crop ped location can April 15 to May 15, two season of the wheat belt crop in North China can be finished sowing at once in wheat harvest, the Northwest arid district should be looked soil moisture content and decide, generally should not surpass April 5 the earliest, can not surpass June 1 the latest, disposable basal dressing during plantation, general per hectare organic fertilizer 450kg, composite organic-inorganic fertilizer 300kg, the good farmyard manure 7500~12000kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, depth unanimity during plantation, earthing is even, the good conditions for soil moisture gently presses when pressing ground, answers weight during the bad arid of soil moisture content, and per hectare can not surpass 3.5kg with a kind maximum amount.
5, a kind of culturing method of millet wide-seeding and thin-planting in high-yield according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described field management process is:
(1), loosens the soil: when seedling grows to 2~3 leaves, shovel one time, shallow then time,, also remove part weeds in early days simultaneously in order to growing and tillering with hoe;
(2), thinning: when seedling grew to 5~6 leaves, beginning was manually opened seedling with hoe, all stays individual plant, turns the word seedling, spacing in the rows 15~18cm, every square metre of 12~14 strains of keeping a full stand of seedings are beneficial to ventilation and penetrating light, improve tillering capacity, can in time mend if any the plot that is short of seedling when opening seedling and plant, in time close ridge dark time after opening seedling;
(3), weeding: after millet tillers end, enter booting stage, with manually dialling just weeds and an assorted strain.
CNB2005100121454A 2005-07-11 2005-07-11 Culturing method of millet wide-seeding and thin-planting in high-yield Expired - Fee Related CN100562244C (en)

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CN105993539A (en) * 2016-06-15 2016-10-12 山西省农业科学院作物科学研究所 Selenium-rich millet planting method

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CN103270862A (en) * 2013-04-18 2013-09-04 河源市过江龙粟米农民专业合作社 Novel foxtail millet planting technology
CN103636391A (en) * 2013-12-17 2014-03-19 张家口市农业科学院 Water-saving method for planting millet hybrids in extreme arid area
CN107646353A (en) * 2017-11-13 2018-02-02 张家口市农业科学院 A kind of millet plant implantation methods resistant to lodging

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丘陵旱地夏谷栽培经验. 马献洲.河南农业科学,第6期. 1981 *

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105993539A (en) * 2016-06-15 2016-10-12 山西省农业科学院作物科学研究所 Selenium-rich millet planting method

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