CN1102514C - 铁路车辆轴承组件中安装传感器的机构 - Google Patents

铁路车辆轴承组件中安装传感器的机构 Download PDF

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CN1102514C
CN1102514C CN99102161A CN99102161A CN1102514C CN 1102514 C CN1102514 C CN 1102514C CN 99102161 A CN99102161 A CN 99102161A CN 99102161 A CN99102161 A CN 99102161A CN 1102514 C CN1102514 C CN 1102514C
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R·莫雷蒂
M·格内罗
F·索兹
A·德蓬特
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SKF INDUSTRIES Co Ltd
SKF Industrie SpA
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/72—Sealings
    • F16C33/76—Sealings of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/78—Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members
    • F16C33/7803—Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members suited for particular types of rolling bearings
    • F16C33/7813—Sealings of ball or roller bearings with a diaphragm, disc, or ring, with or without resilient members suited for particular types of rolling bearings for tapered roller bearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/02—Arrangements permitting limited transverse relative movements between vehicle underframe or bolster and bogie; Connections between underframes and bogies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B27/00—Hubs
    • B60B27/001—Hubs with roller-bearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B27/00—Hubs
    • B60B27/0047—Hubs characterised by functional integration of other elements
    • B60B27/0068—Hubs characterised by functional integration of other elements the element being a sensor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B7/00—Wheel cover discs, rings, or the like, for ornamenting, protecting, venting, or obscuring, wholly or in part, the wheel body, rim, hub, or tyre sidewall, e.g. wheel cover discs, wheel cover discs with cooling fins
    • B60B7/0013—Hub caps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B7/00—Wheel cover discs, rings, or the like, for ornamenting, protecting, venting, or obscuring, wholly or in part, the wheel body, rim, hub, or tyre sidewall, e.g. wheel cover discs, wheel cover discs with cooling fins
    • B60B7/06—Fastening arrangements therefor
    • B60B7/061—Fastening arrangements therefor characterised by the part of the wheels to which the discs, rings or the like are mounted
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B7/00—Wheel cover discs, rings, or the like, for ornamenting, protecting, venting, or obscuring, wholly or in part, the wheel body, rim, hub, or tyre sidewall, e.g. wheel cover discs, wheel cover discs with cooling fins
    • B60B7/06—Fastening arrangements therefor
    • B60B7/14—Fastening arrangements therefor comprising screw-threaded means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F15/00—Axle-boxes
    • B61F15/20—Details
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61K—AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR RAILWAYS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B61K9/00—Railway vehicle profile gauges; Detecting or indicating overheating of components; Apparatus on locomotives or cars to indicate bad track sections; General design of track recording vehicles
    • B61K9/04—Detectors for indicating the overheating of axle bearings and the like, e.g. associated with the brake system for applying the brakes in case of a fault
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/52—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with devices affected by abnormal or undesired conditions
    • F16C19/525—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with devices affected by abnormal or undesired conditions related to temperature and heat, e.g. insulation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P3/00—Measuring linear or angular speed; Measuring differences of linear or angular speeds
    • G01P3/42—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means
    • G01P3/44—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed
    • G01P3/443—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed mounted in bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/22—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings
    • F16C19/34—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load
    • F16C19/38—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of rollers
    • F16C19/383—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of rollers with tapered rollers, i.e. rollers having essentially the shape of a truncated cone
    • F16C19/385—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of rollers with tapered rollers, i.e. rollers having essentially the shape of a truncated cone with two rows, i.e. double-row tapered roller bearings
    • F16C19/386—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of rollers with tapered rollers, i.e. rollers having essentially the shape of a truncated cone with two rows, i.e. double-row tapered roller bearings in O-arrangement
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    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2361/00—Apparatus or articles in engineering in general
    • F16C2361/31—Axle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C41/00—Other accessories, e.g. devices integrated in the bearing not relating to the bearing function as such
    • F16C41/007—Encoders, e.g. parts with a plurality of alternating magnetic poles

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Abstract

一种用来将传感器(17)安装到具有一个在轴向外侧与轴承的固定外座圈相固定的环形密封***件(10)的铁路车辆轴承组件中的传感器安装机构，它含有一个适合于安装到上述***件(10)的轴向圆筒形表面(13)上的大致为环形的安装件(14，14’)，该安装件支承一个要安装在环形***件(10)的上半部的传感器(17)和一个设置在环形***件(10)的下半部用来在与传感器(17)连接的导线(21)与连接到远离轴承的部位的电缆(22)之间形成电连接的连接块(19)。

Description

铁路车辆轴承组件中安装传感器的机构
本发明涉及一种将传感器安装到一种装备一个在轴向外侧与轴承的固定外座圈相固定的环形密封***件的铁路车辆轴承组件内的机构，本发明还涉及一种带有上述的传感器安装机构的铁路车辆轴承组件。
众所周知，铁路车辆通过鞍形件支靠在轴承的固定外圈上，露出轴的轴向外面的下半部，这里通常装上一种密封机构从外面封闭轴承内、外圈之间的环形间隙。
本发明的目的是提供一种能在上述轴承组件的上半部很容易地安装一种用于监控轴承工况的传感器特别是但非唯一地是温度传感器的机构。
为了实现上述的和其他的目的，按照本发明的一个方面提出一种将至少一个传感器安装到一种具有一个在轴向外侧与轴承的固定外圈相固定的环形密封***件的铁路车辆轴承组件内的机构，其特征在于，它含有一个用来安装到上述***件的轴向圆筒形表面上的大致为环形的安装件，该安装件用来支承：
——一个要安置在环形***件的上半部的传感器；
——一个设置在环形***件的下半部用来将第一导电件电连接到传感器上并连接到远离轴承的更远处的第二导电件上的电连接件。
按照本发明的另一方面，提出一种用于在轴向外侧装有一个与轴承的固定外圈做成整体的环形密封***件的铁路车辆车轴的轴承组件，其特征在于，含有一个上面所述的传感器安装机构。
为了充分了解本发明，下面参看附图通过实例来说明几个优选实施例。附图中：
图1是装有本发明的机构的铁路车辆轴承组件的轴向剖视图；
图2是沿图1的箭头II看去的侧向垂直局部剖视图；
图3是图1一个细节的放大图；
图4是图2的一个细节的放大图；和
图5是装有本发明的另一实施例的机构的轴承组件的分解透视图。
首先参看图1，一种铁路车辆轴承组件含有：一个径向外固定座圈1；一对径向内转动半座圈2a、2b；和两组沿轴向隔开并分别径向置于外座圈1与内半座圈2a、2b之间的锥形滚子3a、3b。上述内半座圈2a、2b以公知方式与转动轴4相配合。一个借助于螺纹固紧件6固定到轴4上的端盖5通过***的圆筒形垫圈7将内半座圈2a、2b固定在它们合适的轴向位置。
一种常规铁路车辆(为简化起见未示出)的一个凹入的鞍形件或者说倒U形件8从上面靠在轴承的外座圈上。如图2所示，鞍形件8与外座圈1上部的和径向外半圆筒形表面相叠合的圆周范围约为180°，该鞍形件8由于向外座圈1传递垂直载荷而将外座圈1保持在其正确的位置。
图1中的标号9总体上示出一种用于从轴承的轴向外侧密封外座圈1与内半座圈2b之间的环形间隙20的普通结构的密封机构。该密封机构9由一个与固定的外座圈1做成整体的环形密封***件10和一个牢固地随轴4及其他转动件旋转的环形***件11组成。用金属或其他刚性材料制成的固定环形***件10这样成形，使在邻接轴向圆筒形壁13处形成一径向壁12。
按照本发明，圆筒形壁13用作一种安装一个或多个应用于轴承组件的传感器的机构的支承面。该安装装置机构含有一条从外面包围圆筒形壁13的环形条带14，该条带14由固紧机构15沿圆周固紧之。在图中所示的最佳实施例中，环形条带14是一个开口圆环，其两端由固紧机构例如螺钉15a来连接。熟悉本技术的人们都会明白，环形条带14的固紧也可按照相当于上述实例所示的方式通过不同的机构来实现。
在组件的上部，条带14支承着并固定在一个最好由导电材料例如铜制成的传感器体或者说传感器支座16。一个传感器17安装在传感器支座16上，在该最佳实施例中，上述传感器17通过设置在圆筒形壁13的开口18伸入间隙20之内(见图3)。这种结构对于安置温度传感器17是理想的。如所周知，滚动摩擦产生的热量绝大部分出现在轴承的较高部分，也就是出现在铁路车辆的鞍形件8垂直加载的部分。
在环形条带14的下半圆周的位置上也就是不受鞍形件8约束因而易于进入的区域内，条带14带有一个连接块19，该连接块19将来自传感器17(和/或其他安装在同一条带上的传感器)的一根或多根导线21与将上述传感器发出的信号传输到位于远距位置(例如在转向架上)的处理机(未示出)上的电缆22形成电连接。按照一种可能的变型实施例，连接块19也可按可拆开的方式例如通过连接器(未示出)来连接电缆22。
将导线21的外皮与环形条带14一起模压可以改善在传感器支座16与连接块19之间沿环形条带14的弧线延伸的导线电连接21。传感器支座16与连接块19可以像一个替代方案那样按其他的方法例如焊接法固定到环形条带14上。
在附图所示的最佳实施例中，传感器支座16径向向外凸出在例如通过铣削鞍形件8之凹面顶部而形成的径向槽23内。这种结构的优点是传感器支座16构成一种阻止外座圈1与车辆之间的即使是轻微的相对转动的止动机构，上述的相对转动可能在例如火车通过道岔因而受到垂直的跳动的情况下发生。外座圈的转动事实上可能使电缆22过度受力或者甚至裂开或者说分离，尤其在连接块19是一种可拆开的连接器的情况下更是如此。
为了将环形条带14牢牢固定在圆筒形壁13的表面上特别是沿轴向将它锁在上述壁13上，最好设置接合机构和相应的支座，其形式可以是例如由条带14形成的凸部24和在圆筒形壁13上形成的小孔或凹槽25(见图4)。在一个特别有利的实施例中(见图2)，上述的轴向固定机构和支座相对于垂直的轴向平面P对称地设置，这样，安装机构便可随意地与电缆22安装在图中所示的右边，或者根据需要安装在左边。在此情况下，固定支座做成径向小孔的形式，在该小孔处，条带14最好带有橡皮的或者说弹性体的密封垫(未示出)。
参看图5，图中示出本发明的另一个实施例，其中，支承传感器17、连接块19和它们之间的导线21的安装机构是一种其下部开口的环圈状零件14’，在其上部，开口圈14’整体地形成一个传感器支座16’，并在其后右半边做出内槽或者说后槽(为简化起见未示出)用来安置导线21。上述开口环圈14’通过与***件10上形成的固定孔25’相接合的紧固件24’固定到环形***件10上，其位置相对于垂直平面P对称，这种情况，正如上面参考图1和2的实施例所说明的一样。
本发明的安装传感器的机构可用于安装任何种类的温度传感器(电的、热偶的、铂的、磁阻的传感器等)，也可安装其他类型的传感器，例如，在轴承组件的上部不设置温度传感器或者除了设置温度传感器外还设置测量转速的传感器或者测量轴承内半圈角位移量的传感器。在图2简单示出一个实例，其中传感器17是一个测量转速的传感器，它面对一个牢固地随轴4转动并装有沿圆周间隔分布的磁化段或金属齿的脉冲环26。
熟悉本技术的人们都会明白，按照本发明可随意地安装任何种类的传感器，例如速度、位置或位移传感器，振动传感器，或者测定意外应急情况(如，出轨或者轴的制动)的传感器。传输到铁路车辆工作台上的处理机的资料数据还可用来推测有关轴承组件内含有的润滑油脂情况的信息。显然，本发明的机构是很容易从外面放入和安装的，这就使它能很好地将传感器应用到与带有电接地的轴瓦配合的轴上。
虽然上面说明了具体的实施例，但是，应当明白，上面的说明仅仅是为了叙述的目的，并不是以任何方式来限制本发明，按照上述实例熟悉本技术的人们都会明白各种各样的改进。本发明的范围仅由所附权利要求来限定。

Claims (10)

1.一种用来将至少一个传感器(17)安装到一种具有一个在轴向外侧与轴承的固定外座圈相固定的环形密封***件(10)的铁路车辆轴承组件内的机构，其特征在于，含有一个用来安装到上述***件(10)的轴向圆筒形表面(13)上的大致为环形的安装件(14，14’)，该安装件用于支承：
——一个要安装在环形***件(10)的上半部的传感器(17)；
——一个设置在环形***件(10)的下半部用来将第一导电件(21)电连接到传感器(17)上并连接到远离轴承的更远处的第二导电件(22)上的电连接件(19)。
2.根据权利要求1的机构，其特征在于，上述的传感器(17)由上述的安装件(14，14’)支承在一个适合于将传感器大致安置在环形***件(10)顶部的位置上。
3.根据权利要求1的机构，其特征在于，上述的传感器可从如下各种传感器中选择：温度传感器、测量轴的转速或角位置的传感器、振动传感器、测定出轨状况的传感器、测定轴的制动情况的传感器。
4.根据权利要求1的机构，其特征在于，上述的安装件(14，14’)还适用于支承上述的第一导电件(21)。
5.根据权利要求1的机构，其特征在于，上述的安装件(14，14’)和上述的***件(10)带有用来将该安装件轴向固定在该***件上的互相接合的机构(24，25；24’，25’)。
6.根据权利要求5的机构，其特征在于，上述的传感器(17)和上述的接合机构(24，25；24’，25’)沿着上述的安装件(14，14’)设置，以便将其以对称于轴(4)的垂直轴向平面(P)的方式安装到上述的轴承组件内。
7.根据权利要求1的机构，其特征在于，上述的安装件(14)是一种适于紧固在上述环形***件(10)的圆筒形轴向壁(13)上的环形条带。
8.根据权利要求1的机构，其特征在于，上述的安装件是一个下部开口的环形件(14’)。
9.一种用于在轴向外侧装有一个与轴承的固定外座圈制成整体的环形密封***件(10)的铁路车辆的轴(4)的轴承组件，其特征在于，含有一个按照上述权利要求中任一项所述的安装传感器的机构。
10.根据权利要求9的轴承组件，其特征在于，上述的传感器(17)安装在一个径向向外凸出到靠着轴承外座圈(1)的铁路车辆的鞍形件或倒U形件(8)上而形成的径向槽(23)内的传感器支座(16)上。
CN99102161A 1998-07-27 1999-02-09 铁路车辆轴承组件中安装传感器的机构 Expired - Lifetime CN1102514C (zh)

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IT1998TO000646A IT1303083B1 (it) 1998-07-27 1998-07-27 Dispositivo per il montaggio di un sensore ad un gruppo cuscinetto diun assile ferroviario.

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