CN110016805A - 一种防霉抗菌面料的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种防霉抗菌面料的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110016805A
CN110016805A CN201910350912.4A CN201910350912A CN110016805A CN 110016805 A CN110016805 A CN 110016805A CN 201910350912 A CN201910350912 A CN 201910350912A CN 110016805 A CN110016805 A CN 110016805A
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fabric
mildewproof
preparation
antibacterial agent
polymerization
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程国兴
朱永强
金良英
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Wuxi Max Textile Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种防霉抗菌面料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：步骤一：取纳米银粉末与分散剂混合至去离子水中，加热后进行超声处理，依次加入碳酸锂、氧化铜和氧化锌，继续超声处理，加入脱乙酰甲壳素，静置浓缩后得到聚合抗菌剂；步骤二：在酸性条件下加入过氧化氢和催化剂对面料基体进行氧化处理；步骤三：将面料基体浸入聚合抗菌剂溶液中，控制温度，聚合抗菌剂通过分子间的作用力与面料基体表面的含氧活性基团结合，并向面料基体内部扩散；步骤四：在面料基体表面喷涂防霉剂，烘干后得到防霉抗菌面料。总之，本发明具有方法完善、便于操作、节省成本等优点。

Description

一种防霉抗菌面料的制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于纺织技术领域，具体是涉及一种防霉抗菌面料的制备方法。
背景技术
由纤维组成的纺织品面料，由于其多孔式物体形状和高分子聚合物的化学结构利于微生物附着，成为微生物生存、繁殖的良好寄生体。寄生体除了对人体的危害之外还会污染纤维，因而抗菌面料的主要目的就是消除这些不利影响。
抗菌面料具有良好的抗菌作用，能够消除因细菌而产生的异味，使织物保持整洁，同时避免细菌的繁殖能够起到降低再次传播的风险。抗菌面料具有良好的安全性，它可以高效完全去除织物上的细菌、真菌和霉菌，保持织物清洁，并能防止细菌再生和繁殖。
目前市场上主流的处理方式有两种：一种是内置的银离子抗菌面料，采用纺丝级抗菌技术把抗菌剂直接做到化学纤维里面；另一种是后处理技术即通过面料后续定型工艺加进去。但是这两种方法工艺过于复杂，生产成本较高，且耐洗性不强。所以，设计一种防霉抗菌面料的制备方法十分有必要。
发明内容
针对上述存在的问题，本发明提供了一种防霉抗菌面料的制备方法。
本发明的技术方案是：一种防霉抗菌面料的制备方法，主要包括以下步骤：
步骤一：聚合抗菌剂制备
取质量比为2:3的纳米银粉末与分散剂混合均匀，然后加入去离子水得到纳米银混悬液，将纳米银混悬液加热至100℃后恒温稳定，利用超声乳化机对恒温纳米银混悬液进行超声处理，得到纳米银离子分散液，然后依次加入与纳米银粉末质量比为5:1:2:1的碳酸锂、氧化铜和氧化锌，继续超声处理得到抗菌混合溶液，加入与纳米银粉末质量比为1:2的脱乙酰甲壳素，充分混合均匀后静置2-3h，使抗菌混合溶液中的离子负载在脱乙酰甲壳素上，浓缩后得到聚合抗菌剂；
步骤二：面料基体预处理
将面料基体浸泡在无菌水中充分浸湿，向水中加入羧酸调节水中pH为3-5，然后加入过氧化氢和催化剂，烘干后完成面料基体预处理；
步骤三：抗菌剂上染
将烘干后的面料基体浸入聚合抗菌剂溶液中，控制溶液温度为45-60℃，聚合抗菌剂通过热运动扩散至面料基体表面，通过分子间的作用力与面料基体表面的含氧活性基团结合，并向面料基体内部扩散；
步骤四：烘干成型
将抗菌剂上染后的面料基体烘干，在面料基体表面喷涂防霉剂，再次烘干后得到防霉抗菌面料。
进一步地，所述步骤一中分散剂为油酸钠、硅酸钠中的一种或两种混合物，油酸钠和硅酸钠增加了纳米银的双电层静电作用能，使纳米银的分散性更好。
进一步地，所述面料基体为涤纶纤维或尼龙纤维。
进一步地，所述步骤二中加入过氧化氢和催化剂的总质量与面料基体质量比为1:1，所述过氧化氢和催化剂的质量比为2:1，过氧化氢和催化剂在酸化条件下对面料基体进行氧化，使面料基体表面充满含氧活性基团。
进一步地，所述步骤二中催化剂为氯化亚铁、氯化铁、硫酸铁铵或柠檬酸铁铵中的一种或两种以上混合物。
进一步地，所述防霉剂为无机防霉剂，所述防霉剂为脱色后的偏硼酸钡与无机盐硫酸铜混合溶液，所述混合溶液的质量浓度为0.43-0.48g/L，偏硼酸钡与无机盐硫酸铜的质量比为1:3。
进一步地，所述步骤四中喷涂防霉剂后静置1-2h再进行烘干操作，使防霉剂充分粘附在面料表面。
本发明的有益效果是：本发明提供的一种防霉抗菌面料的制备方法，对传统抗菌剂进行改进，通过加入分散剂超声处理的方式使纳米银粉末分散为纳米银离子，并加入辅助抗菌成分，聚合后以脱乙酰甲壳素为载体将抗菌剂负载，使其具有良好的负载性，同时对面料基体进行预处理，在酸化条件下对面料基体进行氧化，使面料基体表面充满含氧活性基团，聚合抗菌剂可以通过分子间的作用力与面料基体表面的含氧活性基团结合并向面料基体内部扩散，使其不会因为漂洗次数过多而大大降低抗菌性。总之，本发明具有方法完善、便于操作、节省成本等优点。
具体实施方式
为便于对本发明技术方案的理解，下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步的解释说明，实施例并不构成对发明保护范围的限定。
实施例1：一种防霉抗菌面料的制备方法，主要包括以下步骤：
步骤一：聚合抗菌剂制备
取质量比为2:3的纳米银粉末与分散剂混合均匀，分散剂为油酸钠，然后加入去离子水得到纳米银混悬液，将纳米银混悬液加热至100℃后恒温稳定，利用超声乳化机对恒温纳米银混悬液进行超声处理，得到纳米银离子分散液，然后依次加入与纳米银粉末质量比为5:1:2:1的碳酸锂、氧化铜和氧化锌，继续超声处理得到抗菌混合溶液，加入与纳米银粉末质量比为1:2的脱乙酰甲壳素，充分混合均匀后静置2-3h，使抗菌混合溶液中的离子负载在脱乙酰甲壳素上，浓缩后得到聚合抗菌剂；
步骤二：面料基体预处理
面料基体为涤纶纤维，将面料基体浸泡在无菌水中充分浸湿，向水中加入羧酸调节水中pH为3-5，然后加入过氧化氢和催化剂在酸化条件下对面料基体进行氧化，使面料基体表面充满含氧活性基团，催化剂为质量比3:2的氯化亚铁、硫酸铁铵混合物，过氧化氢和催化剂的总质量与面料基体质量比为1:1，过氧化氢和催化剂的质量比为2:1，烘干后完成面料基体预处理；
步骤三：抗菌剂上染
将烘干后的面料基体浸入聚合抗菌剂中，控制溶液温度为45℃，聚合抗菌剂通过热运动扩散至面料基体表面，通过分子间的作用力与面料基体表面的含氧活性基团结合，并向面料基体内部扩散；
步骤四：烘干成型
将抗菌剂上染后的面料基体烘干，在面料基体表面喷涂防霉剂，防霉剂为无机防霉剂，无机防霉剂为脱色后的偏硼酸钡与无机盐硫酸铜混合溶液，混合溶液的质量浓度为0.43g/L，偏硼酸钡与无机盐硫酸铜的质量比为1:3，静置1h，再次烘干后得到防霉抗菌面料1。
实施例2：一种防霉抗菌面料的制备方法，主要包括以下步骤：
步骤一：聚合抗菌剂制备
取质量比为2:3的纳米银粉末与分散剂混合均匀，分散剂为硅酸钠，然后加入去离子水得到纳米银混悬液，将纳米银混悬液加热至100℃后恒温稳定，利用超声乳化机对恒温纳米银混悬液进行超声处理，得到纳米银离子分散液，然后依次加入与纳米银粉末质量比为5:1:2:1的碳酸锂、氧化铜和氧化锌，继续超声处理得到抗菌混合溶液，加入与纳米银粉末质量比为1:2的脱乙酰甲壳素，充分混合均匀后静置2.5h，使抗菌混合溶液中的离子负载在脱乙酰甲壳素上，浓缩后得到聚合抗菌剂；
步骤二：面料基体预处理
面料基体为尼龙纤维，将面料基体浸泡在无菌水中充分浸湿，向水中加入羧酸调节水中pH为4，然后加入过氧化氢和催化剂在酸化条件下对面料基体进行氧化，使面料基体表面充满含氧活性基团，催化剂为质量比1:3的氯化铁、柠檬酸铁铵混合物，过氧化氢和催化剂的总质量与面料基体质量比为1:1，过氧化氢和催化剂的质量比为2:1，烘干后完成面料基体预处理；
步骤三：抗菌剂上染
将烘干后的面料基体浸入聚合抗菌剂中，控制溶液温度为53℃，聚合抗菌剂通过热运动扩散至面料基体表面，通过分子间的作用力与面料基体表面的含氧活性基团结合，并向面料基体内部扩散；
步骤四：烘干成型
将抗菌剂上染后的面料基体烘干，在面料基体表面喷涂防霉剂，防霉剂为无机防霉剂，无机防霉剂为脱色后的偏硼酸钡与无机盐硫酸铜混合溶液，混合溶液的质量浓度为0.45g/L，偏硼酸钡与无机盐硫酸铜的质量比为1:3，静置1.5h，再次烘干后得到防霉抗菌面料2。
实施例3：一种防霉抗菌面料的制备方法，主要包括以下步骤：
步骤一：聚合抗菌剂制备
取质量比为2:3的纳米银粉末与分散剂混合均匀，分散剂为油酸钠、硅酸钠的混合物，然后加入去离子水得到纳米银混悬液，将纳米银混悬液加热至100℃后恒温稳定，利用超声乳化机对恒温纳米银混悬液进行超声处理，得到纳米银离子分散液，然后依次加入与纳米银粉末质量比为5:1:2:1的碳酸锂、氧化铜和氧化锌，继续超声处理得到抗菌混合溶液，加入与纳米银粉末质量比为1:2的脱乙酰甲壳素，充分混合均匀后静置2-3h，使抗菌混合溶液中的离子负载在脱乙酰甲壳素上，浓缩后得到聚合抗菌剂；
步骤二：面料基体预处理
面料基体为尼龙纤维，将面料基体浸泡在无菌水中充分浸湿，向水中加入羧酸调节水中pH为5，然后加入过氧化氢和催化剂在酸化条件下对面料基体进行氧化，使面料基体表面充满含氧活性基团，催化剂为质量比2:1:3:5的氯化亚铁、氯化铁、硫酸铁铵、柠檬酸铁铵混合物，过氧化氢和催化剂的总质量与面料基体质量比为1:1，过氧化氢和催化剂的质量比为2:1，烘干后完成面料基体预处理；
步骤三：抗菌剂上染
将烘干后的面料基体浸入聚合抗菌剂中，控制溶液温度为60℃，聚合抗菌剂通过热运动扩散至面料基体表面，通过分子间的作用力与面料基体表面的含氧活性基团结合，并向面料基体内部扩散；
步骤四：烘干成型
将抗菌剂上染后的面料基体烘干，在面料基体表面喷涂防霉剂，防霉剂为无机防霉剂，防霉剂为脱色后的偏硼酸钡与无机盐硫酸铜混合溶液，混合溶液的质量浓度为0.48g/L，偏硼酸钡与无机盐硫酸铜的质量比为1:3，静置2h，再次烘干后得到防霉抗菌面料3。
实验例：
对实施例1-3得到防霉抗菌面料的防霉抗菌作用进行实验。
实验对象：市售普通的防霉抗菌面料A、实施例1-3制备得到的防霉抗菌面料1-3。
实验分组：将面料A、面料1、面料2、面料3分别均分裁剪为四份；
分别取一份作为第一组，对其不进行任何操作，分别标记为面料A-0、面料1-0、面料2-0、面料3-0；
再分别取一份作为第二组，对其分别进行漂洗，漂洗次数为1次，分别标记为面料A-1、面料1-1、面料2-1、面料3-1；
再分别取一份作为第三组，对其分别进行漂洗，漂洗次数为10次，分别标记为面料A-10、面料1-10、面料2-10、面料3-10；
取最后一份作为第四组，对其分别进行漂洗，漂洗次数为30次，分别标记为面料A-30、面料1-30、面料2-30、面料3-30；
实验条件：配置一定浓度的菌液，均分为二十份，分别接种在每组的面料上，观察接种后0min、10min、30min、60min、120min时面料上菌落数的变化情况，变化结果如表1所示。
表1各组面料菌落变化情况表
0min(％) 10min(％) 30min(％) 60min(％) 120min(％)
A-0 100 73.1 58.7 42.9 39.8
1-0 100 37.6 18.0 4.3 2.1
2-0 100 31.2 16.4 4.1 1.9
3-0 100 20.6 8.1 3.8 1.3
A-1 100 78.2 61.5 47.2 45.1
1-1 100 38.1 19.5 5.1 2.3
2-1 100 33.2 17.6 4.2 1.9
3-1 100 23.8 10.3 4.0 1.4
A-10 100 80.6 65.8 50.9 47.2
1-10 100 39.4 20.9 5.7 2.4
2-10 100 35.9 19.8 4.6 2.0
3-10 100 26.8 12.8 4.1 1.4
A-30 100 85.1 70.6 58.9 50.7
1-30 100 40.6 21.5 7.5 2.6
2-30 100 38.1 21.5 5.8 2.3
3-30 100 30.3 13.8 4.5 2.1
结论：本发明制备得到的防霉抗菌面料具备防霉抗菌作用，且相较于普通的防霉抗菌面料效果更好，尤其是实施例3制备得到的防霉抗菌面料抗菌效果最好，并且本发明制备得到的防霉抗菌面料漂洗后防霉抗菌性能下降较小，故本发明制备得到的防霉抗菌面料具有耐洗性和可靠的广谱抗菌效果。
最后应说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (7)

1.一种防霉抗菌面料的制备方法，其特征在于，主要包括以下步骤：
步骤一：聚合抗菌剂制备
取质量比为2:3的纳米银粉末与分散剂混合均匀，然后加入去离子水得到纳米银混悬液，将纳米银混悬液加热至100℃后恒温稳定，利用超声乳化机对恒温纳米银混悬液进行超声处理，得到纳米银离子分散液，然后依次加入与纳米银粉末质量比为5:1:2:1的碳酸锂、氧化铜和氧化锌，继续超声处理得到抗菌混合溶液，加入与纳米银粉末质量比为1:2的脱乙酰甲壳素，充分混合均匀后静置2-3h，使抗菌混合溶液中的离子负载在脱乙酰甲壳素上，浓缩后得到聚合抗菌剂；
步骤二：面料基体预处理
将面料基体浸泡在无菌水中充分浸湿，向水中加入羧酸调节水中pH为3-5，然后加入过氧化氢和催化剂，烘干后完成面料基体预处理；
步骤三：抗菌剂上染
将烘干后的面料基体浸入聚合抗菌剂中，控制溶液温度为45-60℃，聚合抗菌剂通过热运动扩散至面料基体表面，通过分子间的作用力与面料基体表面的含氧活性基团结合，并向面料基体内部扩散；
步骤四：烘干成型
将抗菌剂上染后的面料基体烘干，在面料基体表面喷涂防霉剂，再次烘干后得到防霉抗菌面料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种防霉抗菌面料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤一中分散剂为油酸钠、硅酸钠中的一种或两种混合物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种防霉抗菌面料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述面料基体为涤纶纤维或尼龙纤维。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种防霉抗菌面料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤二中加入过氧化氢和催化剂的总质量与面料基体质量比为1:1，所述过氧化氢和催化剂的质量比为2:1。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种防霉抗菌面料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述防霉剂为无机防霉剂。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种防霉抗菌面料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述防霉剂为无机防霉剂，所述无机防霉剂为脱色后的偏硼酸钡与无机盐硫酸铜混合溶液，所述偏硼酸钡与无机盐硫酸铜的质量比为1:3。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种防霉抗菌面料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤四中喷涂防霉剂后静置1-2h再进行烘干操作。
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