CN109997636B - Rice nitrogen fertilizer reduction backward-moving cultivation method - Google Patents
Rice nitrogen fertilizer reduction backward-moving cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rice nitrogen fertilizer reduction backward-moving cultivation method, which relates to the technical field of rice cultivation, and comprises field management of disease, pest and weed control, and transplanting rice seedlings obtained through dark room seedling raising treatment to field blocks subjected to irrigation field soaking and field plowing and field preparation treatment to obtain rice fields for rice planting; fertilizing the rice field, wherein the fertilizing treatment comprises that nitrogen fertilizer is not used as base fertilizer and tillering fertilizer; the method has the advantages that the method has less nitrogen fertilizer consumption and high rice yield, does not need to apply nitrogen fertilizer to the rice in the base fertilizer and tillering period, not only reduces the nitrogen fertilizer consumption and improves the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate, but also reduces the labor investment, and has simple method and low cost; more importantly, the influence on the environment is reduced to the maximum extent, the effect is obvious, and the universality is wide.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rice cultivation, in particular to a rice nitrogen fertilizer reduction backward-shifting cultivation method.
Background
The rice is one of the most important food crops in China, nearly 60% of people use rice as staple food, the rice planting area in China is about 4.51 hundred million acres at present, and the rice is the first in the world of single yield and total yield. Nitrogen fertilizer plays an important role in rice production, but the phenomenon of excessive use of nitrogen fertilizer in the rice production process is more prominent in the existing rice cultivation method, and according to statistics, the rice nitrogen fertilizer usage amount accounts for 37% of the total nitrogen fertilizer usage amount in China. Excessive nitrogen fertilizer application can reduce the accumulation of organic matters in soil to influence soil fertility, cause water eutrophication to seriously influence ecological environment through surface runoff, volatilize a large amount of ammonium nitrogen to pollute air, and generate N through the nitrification and denitrification of microorganisms2O, aggravate greenhouse effect, etc. In recent years, a series of policy and regulations have been issued by the nation, such as the implementation opinions about the prevention and treatment of agricultural non-point source pollution and the attack and defense war<Rice 2020-year-old fertilizer and pesticide application zero-growth action scheme>And<zero-increase action scheme for pesticide usage by 2020>The notification of (c), etc. One of the emphasis in these documents is to emphasize the reduction of the nitrogen fertilizer usage.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem that the phenomenon of excessive use of nitrogen fertilizer in the rice production process is prominent in the prior art, the invention provides a rice nitrogen fertilizer reduction and backward moving cultivation method.
In order to realize the technical purpose of the invention, the invention provides a rice nitrogen fertilizer reduction backward-shifting cultivation method, which comprises field management of disease, pest and weed control and also comprises the following steps:
transplanting the rice seedlings obtained through the dark room seedling raising treatment to a field block subjected to the irrigation field soaking and the plowing field preparation treatment to obtain a rice field for rice planting;
fertilizing the rice field, wherein the fertilizing treatment comprises that nitrogen fertilizer is not used as base fertilizer and tillering fertilizer;
and (4) performing small-amount irrigation on the rice field, naturally drying, and stopping the circular irrigation treatment of the irrigation one week before harvesting to obtain the mature rice.
Wherein the fertilizing treatment of the rice field, which comprises using nitrogen fertilizer as a base fertilizer and using tillering fertilizer, is to apply the nitrogen fertilizer as a spike fertilizer to the rice field twice.
Wherein the application of the nitrogen fertilizer as the spike fertilizer to the rice field in two times comprises the following steps:
performing first application when the 4 th leaf from the last number of the total leaves of the rice is just taken out;
the second application was carried out immediately after the 2 nd leaf from the last number of total leaves of rice was removed.
In particular, the first applied nitrogen fertilizer is 50-70% of the total amount.
Preferably, the first applied nitrogen fertilizer is 60% of the total amount.
In particular, the second applied nitrogen fertilizer is 30-50% of the total amount.
Preferably, the second applied nitrogen fertilizer is 40% of the total amount.
Wherein, when the rice is indica rice, the usage amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 4-10kg of pure nitrogen per mu; when the rice is japonica rice, the nitrogen fertilizer is used in an amount of 10-14kg per mu.
In one embodiment of the present invention, when the rice is indica rice, the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer application is 8kg of pure nitrogen per mu. When the rice is japonica rice, the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer application is 12kg of pure nitrogen applied per mu.
Wherein the fertilization processing comprises:
phosphate fertilizer which is applied once in a base fertilizer mode;
part of the potash fertilizer is applied as a base fertilizer, and the rest of the potash fertilizer is applied when the first application of the nitrogenous fertilizer is performed.
Wherein, the fertilization proportion of the phosphate fertilizer, the potash fertilizer and the nitrogenous fertilizer is calculated by pure nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide as follows:
N：P2O5：K2O＝(1.4-2.6)：(1.0-1.4)：(0.8-1.2)。
particularly, when planting indica rice, the fertilization proportion of a phosphate fertilizer, a potassium fertilizer and a nitrogen fertilizer is as follows:
N：P2O5：K2O＝(1.4-1.8)：(1.0-1.4)：(0.8-1.2)；
when japonica rice is planted, the fertilization proportion of the phosphate fertilizer, the potassium fertilizer and the nitrogen fertilizer is as follows:
N：P2O5：K2O＝(2.2-2.6)：(1.0-1.4)：(0.8-1.2)。
particularly preferably, when the indica rice is planted, the fertilization proportion of the phosphate fertilizer, the potassium fertilizer and the nitrogen fertilizer is as follows:
N：P2O5：K2O＝1.6：1.2：1；
when japonica rice is planted, the fertilization proportion of the phosphate fertilizer, the potassium fertilizer and the nitrogen fertilizer is as follows:
N：P2O5：K2O＝2.4：1.2：1。
wherein the irrigation depth of the small amount of irrigation water is 1-2 cm.
Wherein, the circular irrigation treatment is respectively carried out after transplanting to the sufficient seedling stage and when the young ear is differentiated to the rice wax ripeness stage.
Wherein, the period of the circular irrigation treatment also comprises field sunning treatment, and the field sunning treatment is carried out after enough seedlings and before young ears are differentiated.
Wherein, the darkroom sprout cultivation treatment comprises the following steps:
sowing the qualified seeds soaked in clear water to a seedling raising substrate, then placing the seeds in a suggestion room for accelerating germination, and taking out the seeds after the tips of the rice seedlings grow out of the soil;
wherein the humidity of the cued chamber is more than 90%, and the temperature is 30-35 ℃;
wherein the tooth tip emergence height of the rice seedling is 0.7-1.3 cm.
The seedling raising substrate is a special seedling raising substrate for rice sold in the market, such as a Zhongjin brand rice seedling raising substrate produced by Hangzhou jin sea agriculture science and technology limited company.
Wherein, the step of soaking in clear water is to soak the seeds in clear water for 24 hours before sowing.
Specifically, after the seeds are sowed in the seedling raising substrate, a special hard disk for mechanical transplanting with the internal dimension specification of 58 x 28 x 3cm is selected, sowing is carried out according to the sowing quantity of 50-70 g/disc of indica rice and 70-90 g/disc of japonica rice, and the seedling discs are stacked every 25 discs after sowing.
Specifically, after seedling raising treatment in a dark room, the seedling tray is taken out and horizontally placed on a field seedling bed, the width of each seedling bed is 1.3m, and the length is not limited.
Wherein the field is a field with vegetables as the previous crops.
Wherein the previous crop is selected from one or more of potato, rape, fresh corn, kidney bean, cowpea, broad bean, watermelon, Chinese cabbage, green vegetable, lettuce, cabbage, cauliflower, cucumber, garlic and hot pepper.
Wherein, the irrigation field soaking and plowing field preparation treatment comprises the following steps:
and after conventional irrigation and field soaking, ploughing and field preparation are carried out 3-4 days before transplanting, fine soil is harrowed and leveled after ploughing, and the field is level and smooth, has no stubble and soft mud.
Wherein the plowing depth of the field is more than 15 cm.
It should be noted that the pest control method of the present invention is performed by a conventional method.
Specifically, when the seedlings are transplanted to a rice field, transplanting seedlings of indica rice are 20-25 days old and transplanting seedlings of japonica rice are 30-35 days old, transplanting is carried out by adopting a riding 6-high speed rice transplanter, such as a long-keeping 2ZGQ-6B (NSPU-68CM) rice transplanter, the water layer in the field is not more than 2CM, the transplanting depth is 1-1.5CM, the row spacing is 30CM, the plant spacing is 15-17CM, 1.3-1.5 million roots per mu, 1-2 seedlings per root of hybrid rice, 2-3 seedlings per root of conventional rice and 2.0-3.75 million seedlings per root of basic rice are transplanted.
Advantages and advantageous effects of the invention
1. The method is particularly suitable for rice planting in fields with preceding crops of potatoes, rapes, fresh corns, kidney beans, cowpeas, broad beans, watermelons, Chinese cabbages, green vegetables, lettuce, cabbages, cauliflowers, cucumbers, garlic, hot peppers and other vegetables, the nitrogen fertilizer consumption is low, the rice yield is high, the rice is not required to be fertilized in a base fertilizer and tillering period, the nitrogen fertilizer consumption is reduced, the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate is improved, the labor investment is reduced, the method is simple, and the cost is low; more importantly, the influence on the environment is reduced to the maximum extent, the effect is obvious, and the universality is wide.
2. The invention also improves the germination rate and emergence uniformity of the rice seedlings by darkening the rice seedlings, so that the yield of nitrogen fertilizer reduction planting of the rice is improved.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples, and methods or reagents not mentioned in the present invention are all obtained by a conventional method or commercially available.
The indica rice of the invention takes Miscanthus floridulus city of Dehong state of Yunnan province as a planting field, and japonica rice takes Longyang area of Baoshan city of Yunnan province as a planting field to carry out rice planting tests, which are concretely as follows.
Example 1 planting of indica rice
1. Seedling cultivation field preparation
1.1 selection of seed date
Selecting field with potato as the previous crop as indica rice field. The seeding time is 4 months and 5 months with average temperature of 15 ℃ after the potatoes are harvested.
In the indica rice field, the previous crop can be selected from other vegetable fields, such as fresh corn, rape, kidney bean, cowpea, broad bean, watermelon, Chinese cabbage, green vegetable, lettuce, cabbage, cauliflower, cucumber, garlic, pepper, etc.
When the current crop harvesting is finished, the period of the average temperature of more than 15 ℃ is generally from the last 3 th to the last 4 th, and the actual sowing period is judged according to the condition of the local crop rotation and the related climate conditions.
1.2 raising of seedlings
According to the sowing period, the indica rice is raised in advance, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: selecting full and healthy rice seeds, selecting sunny days for 1 week before sowing, sunning the seeds for 1-2 days, so as to improve the germination rate, and then soaking the seeds in clear water for 24 hours for accelerating germination. Then, adopting a commercially qualified seedling raising substrate special for rice as a seedling raising substrate, selecting a special hard disk for mechanical transplanting with the internal dimension specification of 58 multiplied by 28 multiplied by 3cm, sowing the soaked seeds with the sowing amount of 70 g/disk, stacking the seedling disks after sowing at each drop of 25 disks, putting the seedling disks in a cued room with the humidity of more than 90% and the temperature of 30-35 ℃ for accelerating germination, taking out the seedling disks when the tips of the seedlings grow out of soil by about 1cm, flatly placing the seedling disks on a field seedling bed for standby application, wherein the width of each seedling bed is 1.3m and the length of each seedling bed is 10 m.
1.3 preparing the field
Irrigating water in time according to the situation of local crops for paddy field, ploughing 3-4 days before transplanting, ploughing to a depth of more than 15cm, and raking fine soil after ploughing to achieve flat land surface, no residual crops and soft mud.
2. Transplanting
Transplanting rice seedlings with the seedling age of 25 days and the seedling age of 32 days to a field by using a long-term-protected field 2ZGQ-6B (NSPU-68CM) rice transplanter, wherein the water layer in the field is not more than 2CM, the transplanting depth is 1-1.5CM, the row spacing is 30CM, the plant spacing is 15-17CM, 1.3-1.5 thousands of roots per mu, 1-2 seedlings per root of hybrid rice, 2-3 seedlings per root of conventional rice and 2.0-3.75 thousands of basic seedlings.
3. Management of field
3.1 fertilization management
And (3) purchasing commercially-qualified nitrogenous fertilizer, potash fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer, and preparing materials according to the weight ratio of pure nitrogen of 8kg, pure nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide of 1.6:1.2: 1. Then, the phosphate fertilizer is applied to the soil as a base fertilizer at one time, 50% of the potassium fertilizer is applied as the base fertilizer, the fertilizer is applied to the root zone, the fertilizing method is not limited, when the 4 th leaf from the last of the total number of leaves of the rice is just taken out, the rest potassium fertilizer and 60% of the nitrogen fertilizer are applied, and the potassium fertilizer and the nitrogen fertilizer can be applied in a mixed manner or in a separated manner, and finally, the rest nitrogen fertilizer is applied when the 2 nd leaf from the last of the total number of leaves of the rice is just taken out.
Wherein, the nitrogen fertilizer can be any one of the nitrogen fertilizers available on the market, such as urea, ammonium bicarbonate, thiamine, ammonium nitrate, and the like; the phosphate fertilizer can be any one of commercially available phosphate fertilizers; such as monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, phosphate fertilizer, double-burned phosphate fertilizer, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, heavy superphosphate, granular phosphate fertilizer, rich superphosphate, ammonium phosphate, white phosphate fertilizer, light calcium phosphate and the like; the potassium fertilizer can be any one of commercially available phosphate fertilizers, such as potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, plant ash, potassium epsom salt and the like.
The fertilizer is applied by covering 1-2cm water layer on the surface of field, and allowing it to naturally dry, and applying in combination with irrigation management.
The nitrogen fertilizer is used as the spike fertilizer to be applied to the rice field twice, so that the yield of the rice and the utilization efficiency of the nitrogen fertilizer can be improved, the use amount of the nitrogen fertilizer can be greatly reduced, and the influence on the ecological environment is reduced.
The 4 th reciprocal leaf and the rice cob differentiation period belong to the same growth period, the 2 nd reciprocal leaf and the rice glume differentiation period belong to the same growth period, the invention not only concentrates the fertilization period of the nitrogen fertilizer on the rice cob differentiation period and the glume differentiation period, but also ensures that the nitrogen fertilizer dosage in the rice cob differentiation period is larger than the glume differentiation period, aims to promote the differentiation of the rice glume in the rice cob differentiation period, prevents the degradation of the glume in the glume differentiation period, and ensures the rice yield on the premise of ensuring the utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer.
3.2 management of irrigation
The irrigation method specifically comprises the following steps: and (3) irrigating 1-2cm of water on the rice field surface after transplanting, naturally drying, irrigating 1-2cm of water again after drying, repeating the steps until the seedling stage is reached, drying the field after the seedling stage is reached, repeating the irrigation method before the seedling stage is reached after the young ears are differentiated to the rice wax ripeness stage, and cutting off the water 7 days before harvesting.
3.3 control of diseases, pests and weeds
The prevention and control are carried out according to the conventional prevention and control technology of rice diseases, insect pests and weeds, and the prevention and control are combined mainly.
Example 2 planting of indica rice
The procedure of example 1 was repeated except that a field in which the preceding crop was freshly eaten corn was selected as the indica rice field.
Example 3 planting of indica rice
The procedure of example 1 was repeated except that a field of rape as the previous crop was selected as the indica rice field.
Example 4 planting of indica rice
The procedure of example 1 was repeated except that a field of green bean as a previous crop was selected as the indica rice field.
Wherein the kidney bean can be replaced by one of cowpea and broad bean.
Example 5 planting of indica rice
The procedure of example 1 was repeated except that a field in which the previous crop was pepper was selected as the indica rice field.
Example 6 planting of indica rice
The procedure of example 1 was repeated except that a field of garlic as the previous crop was selected as the indica rice field.
Example 7 planting of indica rice
The procedure of example 1 was repeated except that a field of cucumber as a previous crop was selected as the indica rice field.
Example 8 planting of indica rice
The procedure of example 1 was repeated except that a field in which the preceding crop was cauliflower was selected as the indica rice field.
Example 9 planting of indica rice
The procedure of example 1 was repeated except that a field with cabbage as the previous crop was selected as the indica rice field.
Example 10 planting of indica rice
The procedure of example 1 was repeated except that a field of lettuce, which was a previous crop, was selected as the indica rice field.
Example 11 planting of indica rice
The procedure of example 1 was repeated except that a field in which the preceding crop was a green vegetable was selected as the indica rice field.
Example 12 planting of indica rice
The same procedure as in example 1 was repeated except that a field in which the preceding crop was cabbage was selected as the indica rice field.
Example 13 planting of indica rice
The procedure of example 1 was repeated except that a field in which the preceding crop was watermelon was selected as the indica rice field.
Example 14 planting of indica rice
The same as in any one of examples 1 to 13, except that 4kg of pure nitrogen was applied per mu.
Example 15 planting of indica rice
The same as in any one of examples 1 to 13, except that 6kg of pure nitrogen was applied per mu.
Example 16 planting of indica rice
The same as in any one of examples 1 to 13, except that 10kg of pure nitrogen was applied per mu.
It should be noted that in any one of the indica rice planting methods in examples 1-14, the technical object of the present invention can be achieved by any value of the ratio of the pure nitrogen, the phosphorus pentoxide and the potassium oxide in the range of (1.4-1.8) to (1.0-1.4) to (0.8-1.2).
Preferably, under the condition that the weight part ratio of pure nitrogen to phosphorus pentoxide to potassium oxide is 1.6:1.2:1, any numerical value of 4-10kg of pure nitrogen is applied to each mu, the technical purpose of the invention can be realized.
Example 17 japonica rice planting
Removing pure nitrogen of 12k per mu; the weight ratio of pure nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide was 2.4:1.2:1, and the other parts were the same as in examples 1 to 13.
Example 18 japonica rice planting
Removing 10k of pure nitrogen per mu; the rest was the same as in example 17.
Example 19 japonica rice planting
Removing 14k of pure nitrogen applied to each mu; the rest was the same as in example 17.
It should be noted that in any one of the japonica rice planting methods in examples 17-19, the technical objective of the present invention can be achieved by any value of the ratio of the pure nitrogen, the phosphorus pentoxide, and the potassium oxide in the range of the ratio of (2.2-2.6) to (1.0-1.4) to (0.8-1.2).
Preferably, under the condition that the weight part ratio of pure nitrogen to phosphorus pentoxide to potassium oxide is 2.4:1.2:1, any numerical value of 10-14kg of pure nitrogen is applied to each mu, the technical purpose of the invention can be realized.
After the method is adopted to plant the indica type rice and the japonica rice, through detection, the rice yield obtained by the method has no obvious difference, so that the rice and the japonica rice can be planted and cultivated by adopting the field of any one of previous crops of potatoes, rapes, fresh corn, kidney beans, cowpeas, broad beans, watermelons, Chinese cabbages, green vegetables, lettuce, cabbages, cauliflowers, cucumbers, garlic and hot peppers, and the nitrogen fertilizer reduction can be realized, and the rice planting and the cultivation with the nitrogen fertilizer reduction can also be realized by applying the pure nitrogen of 4-10kg to each mu of rice for planting; the rice planting cultivation with nitrogen fertilizer reduction can be realized by applying the pure nitrogen dosage of 10-14kg to japonica rice planting.
Test example 1
The method provided by the invention is used for respectively carrying out planting tests in indica rice regions (rice variety Baoyou 6366) and japonica rice regions (rice variety Longke 16), and the tests comprise the following specific steps:
respectively selecting rice rotation tests with the former crops of fresh corn (indica rice region) and broad bean (japonica rice region), applying no base fertilizer and tillering fertilizer in rice season, applying spike fertilizer only, applying the spike fertilizer twice as flower promoting fertilizer and flower preserving fertilizer (flower promoting fertilizer: flower preserving fertilizer: 6:4), applying the flower promoting fertilizer when 4 leaves are poured and the leaf apex is just drawn out, applying the flower preserving fertilizer when 2 leaves are poured and the leaf apex is just drawn out, and further setting a local conventional fertilizer application CK (pure nitrogen dosage in japonica rice region is 16 kg/mu, pure nitrogen dosage in indica rice region is 14 kg/mu, and nitrogen fertilizer applicationThe ratio was 1:1:1: 1). Each treatment is repeated for 3 times, and the random block arrangement is adopted, the area of a cell is 20 square meters (4m multiplied by 5m), and the cells are separated by plastic water-resisting plates. Transplanting rice is uniformly carried out by adopting a machine transplanting mode, the row spacing of the rice is 30cm multiplied by 15cm, the transplanting density is 22.2 kilo-stump/hm2。
TABLE 1 influence of the amount of applied panicle fertilizer in indica rice field on rice yield and the agronomic utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer
According to the test results in the table 1, the method disclosed by the invention is used for planting in indica rice regions, the pure nitrogen dosage is only 8 kg/mu, the yield of 701.91 kg/mu can be achieved, the yield is improved by 14.68% compared with that of the method without fertilization, and the agronomic utilization rate of nitrogen is 11.23 kg/kg; the pure nitrogen dosage of CK (namely the local conventional fertilization treatment) is 1.75 times of the dosage of the invention, the yield per mu is reduced by 27.11kg compared with the invention, and the utilization rate of nitrogen is only 39.71 percent of the invention, thus the invention not only has little pure nitrogen dosage, but also has increased yield, high utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer and obvious reduction effect of nitrogen fertilizer.
TABLE 2 influence of application amount of panicle fertilizer in japonica rice area on rice yield and nitrogen fertilizer agronomic utilization efficiency
According to the test results in the table 2, when the method is used for planting in japonica rice regions, the yield of the method reaches 893.12 kg/mu when the pure nitrogen dosage is only 12 kg/mu, the yield is improved by 28.01 percent compared with that of the method without fertilization, the agronomic utilization rate of nitrogen reaches 16.29kg/kg, while the pure nitrogen dosage of CK (namely local conventional fertilization) is 1.33 times of that of the method, the yield is reduced by 47.2kg compared with the method, and the nitrogen utilization rate is only 56.90 percent of that of the method.
Therefore, if the pure nitrogen dosage and the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of the invention are used in a conventional fertilization mode, the situation of insufficient fertilizer can occur when the nitrogen fertilizer is applied as a base fertilizer, a tillering fertilizer and a spike fertilizer due to the reduction of the total nitrogen content; if the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium proportion in the conventional planting method is used in the fertilizing mode, the phenomenon of seedling burning caused by excessive fertilizer can be caused by the fact that the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer is large and the nitrogen fertilizer is completely used as spike fertilizer.
The following are some examples of tests performed during the agricultural planting test of the present invention, and are specifically as follows:
test example 2
In the test process, the pure nitrogen dosage is adjusted and tested according to the proportion, the method is the same as that of the embodiment 1 or the test example 1, and the detection results are shown in tables 3 and 4.
TABLE 3 influence of different application rates of panicle fertilizer in indica rice region on rice yield and nitrogen fertilizer agronomic utilization efficiency
TABLE 4 influence of different application amounts of panicle fertilizer in japonica rice area on rice yield and nitrogen fertilizer agronomic utilization efficiency
According to the table 3 and table 4, under different pure nitrogen dosages, the pure nitrogen is applied to each mu of indica rice area within the range of 4-10kg, and the yield and the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer are higher than those of the local conventional fertilization treatment; the yield and the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate of the japonica rice area are both higher than those of the local conventional fertilization treatment by applying any dosage within the range of 10-14kg of pure nitrogen per mu, so that the nitrogen fertilizer reduction cultivation of indica rice can be realized by applying any dosage within the range of 4-10kg of pure nitrogen, and the nitrogen fertilizer reduction cultivation of japonica rice can be realized by applying any dosage within the range of 10-14kg of pure nitrogen.
The embodiment of the present invention is only described as the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the present invention is not limited by the above embodiment 1, and various modifications and improvements made to the technical solution of the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the design idea of the present invention shall fall into the protection scope of the present invention, and the technical content of the present invention which is claimed is fully described in the claims.
Claims (7)
1. A rice nitrogen fertilizer decrement backward-moving cultivation method comprises field management of disease, pest and weed control, and is characterized in that rice seedlings obtained through dark room seedling raising treatment are transplanted to field blocks subjected to irrigation and field soaking and plowing field preparation treatment, and a rice field for rice planting is obtained, and the method further comprises the following steps:
fertilizing the rice field, wherein the fertilizing treatment comprises that nitrogen fertilizer is not used as base fertilizer and tillering fertilizer, and specifically, the nitrogen fertilizer is used as spike fertilizer to be applied to the rice field twice after the dosage of the nitrogen fertilizer is reduced;
performing small-amount irrigation on the rice field, naturally drying, and stopping irrigation for one week before harvesting to obtain mature rice;
wherein the application of the nitrogen fertilizer as the spike fertilizer to the rice field in two times comprises the following steps:
performing first application when the 4 th leaf from the last number of the total leaves of the rice is just taken out;
performing second application when the 2 nd leaf from the last number of the total leaves of the rice is just extracted;
wherein the fertilization processing comprises:
phosphate fertilizer which is applied once in a base fertilizer mode;
part of the potash fertilizer is applied as a base fertilizer, and the rest of the potash fertilizer is applied when the first application of the nitrogenous fertilizer is performed.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the small quantity of irrigation water has an irrigation depth of 1-2 cm.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the cyclic irrigation is performed in the stage of transplanting to seedling stage and in the stage of young ear differentiation to rice wax ripeness.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the period of the cyclic irrigation treatment further comprises a sunning treatment, wherein the sunning treatment is after sufficient seedling and before young ear differentiation.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the darkroom sprout cultivation process comprises:
sowing the qualified seeds soaked in clear water to a seedling raising substrate, then placing the seeds in a suggestion room for accelerating germination, and taking out the seeds after the tips of the rice seedlings grow out of the soil;
wherein the implied chamber has a humidity of more than 90% and a temperature of 30-35 ℃.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the field is a field in which the previous crop is a vegetable.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the irrigation steeping and plowing finishing process comprises:
after conventional irrigation and field soaking, ploughing and field preparation are carried out 3-4 days before transplanting, fine soil is harrowed and leveled after ploughing, and the field surface is smooth, has no stubble and is soft in mud;
wherein the plowing depth of the field is more than 15 cm.
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| CN114223482A (en) * | 2021-12-01 | 2022-03-25 | 云南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所 | Cultivation method for rice by one-time fertilization |
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| CN105684802B (en) * | 2016-02-03 | 2018-03-23 | 杭州彬康农业科技有限公司 | Super hybridization rice section fertilizer subtracts the method for medicine under a kind of low temperature overcast and rainy day weather |
| CN105794565B (en) * | 2016-06-03 | 2018-07-24 | 湖南杂交水稻研究中心 | Rice high-biomass cultural method resistant to lodging |
| CN108901694A (en) * | 2017-04-26 | 2018-11-30 | 袁汉文 | A kind of implantation methods of organic paddy rice |
| CN109220644A (en) * | 2017-05-22 | 2019-01-18 | 赵正权 | A kind of organic rice implantation methods |
| CN107646270A (en) * | 2017-09-19 | 2018-02-02 | 湖南农业大学 | A kind of method for reducing double-ridged horn nitrogen volatilization loss |
| CN107736118B (en) * | 2017-10-30 | 2021-01-22 | 湖南杂交水稻研究中心 | Rice multipoint average balanced high-yield water and fertilizer management method |
| CN107750873A (en) * | 2017-11-14 | 2018-03-06 | 武汉佳禾生物科技有限责任公司 | A kind of rice mechanical transplanting high yield High efficiency and high quality cultivation method |
| CN108040864A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-05-18 | 云南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所 | A kind of rice × corn hybridization generates the haploid method of rice |
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| CN108782080A (en) * | 2018-06-25 | 2018-11-13 | 华中农业大学 | It reduces no-tillage and direct-seeding rice field greenhouse gas emission and improves the cultural method of utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer |
| CN109105186B (en) * | 2018-08-10 | 2021-03-09 | 淮安市农业技术推广中心 | Cultivation method for strong seedlings with tillers of soil machine transplanting bowl body easy to leak water |
| CN109429646A (en) * | 2018-09-29 | 2019-03-08 | 龚德荣 | A kind of rice is without base fertilizer Tree Precise Fertilization method |
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