CN103444410A - Cultivation method for increasing yield of wheat - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method for increasing the yield of a new wheat variety, namely, ''Yunnan wheat 53''. In the cultivation method, a reasonable group structure is established by selecting soil fertility and variety and breeding strong seedlings, and scientific measures such as timely watering, out root fertilization and timely harvesting are adopted for regulating and controlling wheat, so that the contradiction of uncoordinated yield components in the cultivating process of changing from medium yield to high yield is well eliminated, and the acre yield of wheat is increased effectively.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the wheat cultivation field, relate to a kind of cultivation method that improves wheat yield.
Background technology
Wheat is one of topmost cereal crops of China, and the impact that the Southwestern China wheat belt is lacked by the corresponding high-yield culture technique of Wheat Yield potentiality finite sum kind faces the situation that the highest average per unit area yield 500kg/ mu of wheat left and right fluctuates.Therefore, carrying out the research of the corresponding high-yield culture technique method of yield potentiality epimegetic new variety of wheat is significant to realizing that southwestern wheat belt yield of wheat breaks through.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of cultivation method that improves wheat yield, to solve the low technological deficiency of per mu yield of Southwestern China wheat belt wheat.In order to solve above technical problem, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is:
A kind of cultivation method that improves wheat yield is provided, comprises the following steps:
(1) culture fertility: take soil, fertile, water condition is basis, selects the organic weight content of topsoil soils in the plot more than 1%;
(2) select kind: select yield potentiality large, resistant to lodging, the large grain of large fringe, plant type compactness, the new variety of wheat " cloud wheat 53 " of disease-resistant, good stress resistance, examined by state in 2009, within 2007, by Yunnan Province, authorizes;
(3) cultivate strong sprout:
A uses sufficient base fertilizer: take farmyard manure as main, chemical fertilizer is auxiliary.Heavy dressing phosphate fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer coordinate, layer by layer manuring.Fertilising is in conjunction with deep ploughing, and mu is executed 2000～2500 kilograms of farmyard manures; Phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are all made base fertilizer, and every mu applies 30～50 kilograms of general calcium, 15 kilograms, potash fertilizer; Do seed manure with 8～10 kilograms, urea, apply during with sowing;
B, meticulous whole ground: front stubble, if paddy rice digs trenches to drain the water away after the paddy rice yellow maturity in time, is ploughed deeply airing in time after results, and removes the weeds on ridge.If other dry crops, after the previous crops results, deep ploughing in time, remove the weeds on field and field bund;
C, precision drilling: seeding quantity should be calculated according to factors such as every mu of basic seedling amount, physical purity of seed, Seed size, percentage of seedgermination and emergence rates:
D, proper seeding: selecting sowing time is that late October is to early November;
E, sowing requires: adopt the wide cut row to broadcast, the amount of broadcasting is accurate, seed level 3-5 centimetre, 23～25 centimetres of line-spacings, want earthing after broadcasting, and accomplishes that seeding down will be evenly, and line-spacing is consistent, and the depth is consistent, and rand sowing in the edge of a field is neat;
(4) set up rational group structure:
A, fill with two water: emerge water and the water of tillering;
B guarantees full stand: look in time seedling, fill the gaps with seedlings, the causing harm of, broadcast leakage dry because falling or soil insect, be short of seedling, and should soak seed and reseed immediately, after the wheat seeding treated that has little time to reseed is tillered, moves close benefit rare;
C, see that seedling executes tillering fertilizer: Index of The Healthy Seedlings is that wheat seeding is short strong, leaf look viridescent, blade is short wide, can chase after strong fetilizer for tillering in the 3 leaf phases of wheat, in conjunction with filling with the water of tillering, executes 8～10 kilograms, urea for general mu; The wheat seeding poor to growing way, that the seedling gesture is weak or the weak late sowing seedling of growth should early be poured water when 2 leaf 1 heart, early topdress, and general mu is executed 10～15 kilograms, urea;
D, intertill and clean tillage, the soil moisture conservation of loosening the soil: wheat weeds will be intertilled in tillering stage in good time, the excessive prosperous long seedling to colony, adopt deeply uproot, the measure such as suppression, control Gong, control prosperous;
E imposes the wheat jointing fertile and in conjunction with pouring water: wheat topdressed and waters in jointing initial stage or mid-term, and mu is executed 10～13 kilograms, urea;
(5) water: wheat should water water 3 times, waters for the first time at blooming stage, waters for the second time in the watery stage in good time, waters for the third time after blooming about 20 days;
(6) root sprays fertilizer outward: in wheat booting, fringe phase beginning, with 0.2% borax and the spray of 2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate won ton, 50 kilograms every mu;
(7) in good time results: be golden yellow between under wheat leaf blade, fringe and fringe, under fringe, first segment is micro-green, the flavescence of seed ventral groove, and few part is green, and inside is the wax state, harvesting during water content 25%～30%.
Beneficial effect: after adopting technique scheme, because cultivation method of the present invention is selected by culture fertility, kind, cultivate strong sprout, set up rational group structure, water in good time, root sprays fertilizer outward and in good time the science such as results " cloud wheat 53 " regulated and controled, solve preferably new variety of wheat " cloud wheat 53 " by product uprise produce the cultivation process in the inharmonic contradiction of yield component, effectively the per mu yield of " cloud wheat 53 " is improved.
Embodiment
For the purpose, technical scheme and the advantage that make the embodiment of the present invention clearer, below will the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention be clearly and completely described, obviously, described embodiment is the present invention's part embodiment, rather than whole embodiment.Embodiment based in the present invention, those of ordinary skills, not making under the creative work prerequisite the every other embodiment obtained, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
The impact that lacked by the corresponding high-yield culture technique of Wheat Yield potentiality finite sum kind for the Southwestern China wheat belt and the low problem of wheat per mu yield that causes, the present invention proposes the cultivation method of a kind of raising new variety of wheat " cloud wheat 53 " output, mainly comprise:
1. culture fertility
Carry out high-yield culturing, must take higher soil fertility and good soil, fertilizer, water condition is basis.Select at least 500 kilograms of per mu yields, the organic weight content of topsoil soils is in the plot more than 1%.
2. breeding variety
Select yield potentiality large, resistant to lodging, the large grain of large fringe, plant type compactness, the new variety of wheat " cloud wheat 53 " of disease-resistant, good stress resistance, examined by state in 2009, within 2007, by Yunnan Province, authorizes.
3. cultivate strong sprout
Cultivate strong sprout, except controlling basic seedling amount, also will adopt series of measures:
(1) use sufficient base fertilizer:
Take farmyard manure as main, and chemical fertilizer is auxiliary.Heavy dressing phosphate fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer coordinate, layer by layer manuring.Fertilising is in conjunction with deep ploughing, and mu is executed 2000～2500 kilograms of farmyard manures; Phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are all made base fertilizer, and every mu applies 30～50 kilograms of general calcium, 15 kilograms, potash fertilizer; Do seed manure with 8～10 kilograms, urea, apply during with sowing.
(2) meticulous whole ground
Front stubble, if paddy rice digs trenches to drain the water away after the paddy rice yellow maturity in time, is ploughed deeply airing in time after results, and removes the weeds on ridge.If other dry crops, after the previous crops results, deep ploughing in time, remove the weeds on field and field bund.
The first, deep plough, Subsoiling, tilling depth should reach more than 24 centimetres, strengthens soil water storage, fertilizer-preserving ability, promotes wheat root to grow; The second, meticulous arable land to do furrow; The 3rd, ditch is supporting, should make dead furrow higher than middle ditch, and middle ditch is higher than enclosing ditch, and reaching rain, to stop ditch dry, and moisture in the soil is the standard of ponding not.
(3) precision drilling
In production, usually take the method for " with the ground fixed output quota, to produce, determining fringe, with the fringe final singling, with the seedling stator " to determine seeding quantity.Seeding quantity should be calculated according to factors such as every mu of basic seedling amount, physical purity of seed, Seed size, percentage of seedgermination and emergence rates:
(4) proper seeding
Select sowing time be late October to early November, but strive for early sowing within optimum period.
(5) sowing requirement
Adhere to fertilizer spraying, improve the wheat cultivation quality.Adopt the wide cut row to broadcast, the amount of broadcasting is accurate, seed level 3-5 centimetre, and 23～25 centimetres of line-spacings, want earthing after broadcasting, and accomplishes that seeding down will evenly not weigh and not leak, and line-spacing is consistent, and the depth is consistent, and rand sowing in the edge of a field is neat.
4. rational group structure
Improving yield of wheat Optimum population dynamic indicator is: every mu of Basic Seedling 160,000～180,000, the highest stem tiller is several 650,000～750,000, every mu of spike number 300,000～350,000.
Wish creates a rational group structure of wheat, except above-mentioned cultivation measure in strong sprout, also should take following measures:
1. fill with two water.Emerge water and the water of tillering.
2. guarantee full stand.Look in time seedling, fill the gaps with seedlings.The causing harm of, broadcast leakage dry because falling or soil insect, be short of seedling, and should soak seed and reseed immediately, after the wheat seeding treated that has little time to reseed is tillered, moves close benefit rare.
3. see that seedling executes tillering fertilizer.Index of The Healthy Seedlings is that wheat seeding is short strong, leaf look viridescent, and blade is short wide, can chase after strong fetilizer for tillering in the 3 leaf phases of wheat, and in conjunction with filling with the water of tillering, general mu is executed 8～10 kilograms, urea; The wheat seeding poor to growing way, that the seedling gesture is weak or the weak late sowing seedling of growth should early be poured water when 2 leaf 1 heart, early topdress, and general mu is executed 10～15 kilograms, urea; Should promptly suppress or intertillage deeply the prosperous seedling of wheat, not execute or postpone and execute.
4. intertill and clean tillage, the soil moisture conservation of loosening the soil.Wheat weeds was promptly prevented and kill off in the past in tillering stage, intertill in good time, promoted root growth, made weak seedling transfer strong sprout to; The excessive prosperous long seedling to colony, adopt deeply uproot, the measure such as suppression, control Gong, control prosperous.
5. impose the wheat jointing fertile also in conjunction with pouring water.Wheat should topdress and water in jointing initial stage or mid-term, and mu is executed 10～13 kilograms, urea, and current rich water is to promote it to tiller into fringe, improves the percentage of earbearing tiller, promotes the key measure of big panicle many grains per panicle.
5. realize that wheatear is large, grain is many, grain is heavy
The structure of output index of improving yield of wheat: 50 left and right of number of grain per ear, thousand kernel weight 50 gram left and right.
Wish creates a rational structure of output of wheat, except above-mentioned cultivation strong sprout, set up the measure of Reasonable population dynamic structure, for short root, protect leaf, prevent early ageing, increase grain-weight, should take following measures:
1. water in good time.Under normal operation, wheat can water water 3 times.Water for the first time at blooming stage, promote that nutrient transports to floral organ, improve ripening rate; Water for the second time in the watery stage, generally after flowering, about 10 days, promote that nutrient transports to seed, improve filling intensity; Water for the third time and carry out about 20 days after blooming, prevent cauline leaf early ageing, extend grouting time.Because later stage fringe section weightening finish is very fast, should focus on while watering accomplishing that calm robbing water, having becalms waters, with lodging-prevention.
2. root sprays fertilizer outward.After wheat flower, in order to meet in time the needs of plant to nutrient, extend the functional period of blade, promote grouting, increase grain heavy, need carry out in time root and spray fertilizer outward.In wheat booting, fringe phase beginning, with 0.2% borax and the spray of 2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate won ton, 50 kilograms every mu, this is effectively to increase wheat single ear mature grain number, reduces unreal grain number per spike, improves thousand grain weight of wheat, realizes the key measure of high yield.
6. gather in the crops in good time
Results are to improve the very important important step of wheat yield in good time.Too early, kernel grouting is insufficient for results, and maturity is poor, shrinkage after seed is dry, and grain heavily reduces; Gathered in the crops evening, not only heavily reduced because respiration consumption makes dry granular, and easily shattering, folding fringe, the underproduction caused.The feature of wheat Proper Harvest Time is: be golden yellow between under blade, fringe and fringe, under fringe, first segment is micro-green.The flavescence of seed ventral groove, few part is green, and inside is the wax state, water content 25%～30%.Now gather in the crops, grain is heavy the highest, performance optimal.
7. prevent and destroy plant diseases and insect pests
To the damage by disease and insect such as throughout the year easy clockwork spring rust, powdery mildew, aphid between wheat growth stage, should carry out real-time sick worm prediction, in time control.
In addition, as shown in table 1 below by the experimental result that adopts above method step:
Table 1 new variety of wheat " cloud wheat 53 " culture technique test yield result
Finally it should be noted that: above embodiment only illustrates technical scheme of the present invention, is not intended to limit; Although with reference to previous embodiment, the present invention is had been described in detail, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that: its technical scheme that still can put down in writing aforementioned each embodiment is modified, or part technical characterictic wherein is equal to replacement; And these modifications or replacement do not make the essence of appropriate technical solution break away from the spirit and scope of various embodiments of the present invention technical scheme.
Claims (1)
1. a cultivation method that improves wheat yield comprises the following steps:
(1) culture fertility: take soil, fertile, water condition is basis, selects the organic weight content of topsoil soils in the plot more than 1%;
(2) select kind: select resistant to lodging, the large grain of large fringe, plant type compactness, the wheat of disease-resistant, good stress resistance;
(3) cultivate strong sprout:
A uses sufficient base fertilizer: take farmyard manure as main, chemical fertilizer is auxiliary.Heavy dressing phosphate fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer coordinate, layer by layer manuring.Fertilising is in conjunction with deep ploughing, and mu is executed 2000～2500 kilograms of farmyard manures; Phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are all made base fertilizer, and every mu applies 30～50 kilograms of general calcium, 15 kilograms, potash fertilizer; Do seed manure with 8～10 kilograms, urea, apply during with sowing;
B, meticulous whole ground: front stubble, if paddy rice digs trenches to drain the water away after the paddy rice yellow maturity in time, is ploughed deeply airing in time after results, and removes the weeds on ridge.If other dry crops, after the previous crops results, deep ploughing in time, remove the weeds on field and field bund;
C, precision drilling: seeding quantity should be calculated according to factors such as every mu of basic seedling amount, physical purity of seed, Seed size, percentage of seedgermination and emergence rates:
D, proper seeding: selecting sowing time is that late October is to early November;
E, sowing requires: adopt the wide cut row to broadcast, the amount of broadcasting is accurate, seed level 3-5 centimetre, 23～25 centimetres of line-spacings, want earthing after broadcasting, and accomplishes that seeding down will be evenly, and line-spacing is consistent, and the depth is consistent, and rand sowing in the edge of a field is neat;
(4) set up rational group structure:
A, fill with two water: emerge water and the water of tillering;
B guarantees full stand: look in time seedling, fill the gaps with seedlings, the causing harm of, broadcast leakage dry because falling or soil insect, be short of seedling, and should soak seed and reseed immediately, after the wheat seeding treated that has little time to reseed is tillered, moves close benefit rare;
C, see that seedling executes tillering fertilizer: Index of The Healthy Seedlings is that wheat seeding is short strong, leaf look viridescent, blade is short wide, can chase after strong fetilizer for tillering in the 3 leaf phases of wheat, in conjunction with filling with the water of tillering, executes 8～10 kilograms, urea for general mu; The wheat seeding poor to growing way, that the seedling gesture is weak or the weak late sowing seedling of growth should early be poured water when 2 leaf 1 heart, early topdress, and general mu is executed 10～15 kilograms, urea;
D, intertill and clean tillage, the soil moisture conservation of loosening the soil: wheat weeds will be intertilled in tillering stage in good time, the excessive prosperous long seedling to colony, adopt deeply uproot, the measure such as suppression, control Gong, control prosperous;
E imposes the wheat jointing fertile and in conjunction with pouring water: wheat topdressed and waters in jointing initial stage or mid-term, and mu is executed 10～13 kilograms, urea;
(5) water: wheat should water water 3 times, waters for the first time at blooming stage, waters for the second time in the watery stage in good time, waters for the third time after blooming about 20 days;
(6) root sprays fertilizer outward: in wheat booting, fringe phase beginning, with 0.2% borax and the spray of 2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate won ton, 50 kilograms every mu;
(7) in good time results: be golden yellow between under wheat leaf blade, fringe and fringe, under fringe, first segment is micro-green, the flavescence of seed ventral groove, and few part is green, and inside is the wax state, harvesting during water content 25%～30%.
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