CN111011129A - Method for realizing production-while-repair by using low-accumulation corn/Sedum plumbizincicola intercropping - Google Patents
Method for realizing production-while-repair by using low-accumulation corn/Sedum plumbizincicola intercropping Download PDFInfo
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- CN111011129A CN111011129A CN201911387824.8A CN201911387824A CN111011129A CN 111011129 A CN111011129 A CN 111011129A CN 201911387824 A CN201911387824 A CN 201911387824A CN 111011129 A CN111011129 A CN 111011129A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
- B09C1/105—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes using fungi or plants
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for realizing production and repair by using low-accumulation corn/Sedum plumbizincicola intercropping. The method adopts an intercropping planting mode, so that the cadmium content of corn grains planted on the cadmium-polluted soil can be ensured to meet the national food quality and health standard, and the yield of the corn is not lower than that before intercropping. Normal crop planting on the polluted soil is realized, and the normal income of farmers in the polluted area is not influenced. The method has the advantages of low investment, low workload, low technical requirement and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of soil remediation technology and agricultural science planting, and particularly relates to a novel method for realizing production and remediation by intercropping of low-accumulation corn of grain crops and heavy metal super-accumulation plants, namely sedum plumbizincicola.
Background
In recent years, with the continuous development of mining, smelting refining and electroplating industries, a large amount of cadmium-containing waste water is discharged into rivers to cause cadmium pollution. When the environment is polluted by cadmium, the cadmium can be enriched in organisms and enter the human body through food chains to cause chronic poisoning. Meanwhile, cadmium pollution poses serious threats to the quality of agricultural products, the safety of agricultural ecological environment, modern agriculture and the sustainable development of social economy. At present, the method for restoring the cadmium-polluted soil of the farmland is mainly plant restoration, and has the advantages of simple operation, low price, no secondary pollution and the like. However, the method has long repairing time, influences the income of farmers and has low economic benefit. Therefore, the low-accumulation crops with less heavy metal absorption and the super-accumulation plants are planted simultaneously, so that the grain crops meeting the sanitary standard can be harvested while the polluted soil is repaired, and the method is economically and reasonably processed and utilized without discontinuous agricultural production. A safe mode of production and repair is formed.
Sedum plumbizincicola is favored to grow in areas rich in Pb and Zn ores. Perennial meat herbaceous, rootstock growing; dense clusters, multiple branches; the biomass is large, the growth speed is high, and the cadmium-zinc super accumulator is a cadmium-zinc super accumulator plant. Corn (Latin scientific name: Zea mays L.) is an annual herbaceous plant of the genus Zea of the family Gramineae. Corn is an annual cross-pollinated plant with the same male and female plants, has tall and big plants and strong stems, is an important food crop and feed crop, is also the crop with the highest total yield all over the world, and has the planting area and the total yield which are second to rice and wheat. Corn has been praised as a long-life food all the time, contains rich protein, fat, vitamins, trace elements, cellulose and the like, and has great potential for developing high-nutrition and high-biological function foods. The low-accumulation variety can effectively reduce the content of cadmium in corn grains and reduce the risk of human health.
At present, no precedent of intercropping between corn and Sedum plumbizincicola exists in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a novel method for realizing production-time variable restoration by intercropping crops and heavy metal hyper-accumulator plants. Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the heavy metal ecological restoration is carried out on the farmland polluted soil by a mode of intercropping the low-accumulation corn and the Sedum plumbizincicola, and a safe mode of production and restoration is formed.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme that the method comprises the following steps:
(1) land selection and land preparation: selecting land blocks with cadmium content over 0.3mg/kg in farmland soil. A rotary cultivator is adopted to turn over the farmland, so that the flatness of the farmland is ensured and no water is accumulated; after the base fertilizer is applied, ridges are formed manually, the ridge width is 80 cm, the ridge distance is 40 cm, and the ridge height is more than 20cm, so that the land utilization rate is improved, and flooding in rainy seasons can be avoided. Spraying insecticide, and immediately covering a black mulching film (1 m wide) for later use;
(2) seedling culture: culturing seedlings of Sedum plumbizincicola by field cuttage;
(3) intercropping corn and Sedum plumbizincicola: planting low-accumulation corns and sedum plumbizincicola in a ridge and furrow intercropping mode, planting two rows of low-accumulation corns on the ridge and one row of sedum plumbizincicola in the furrow;
(4) transplanting: selecting robust Sedum plumbizincicola branches with consistent growth vigor for cuttage, wherein the plant spacing is 15-20 cm; firstly, punching a black mulching film, then inserting the rhodiola rosea branches into soil, covering soil and compacting, wherein the embedding depth of the branches is about 4-5 cm. After the transplanting of the Sedum plumbizincicola is finished, hole sowing low-accumulation corn seeds among ridges, sowing only one row of intercropping plants among the ridges, wherein the plant spacing is 30 cm;
(5) deinsectization weeding: closely observing the growth of the Sedum plumbizincicola, and selecting a proper insecticide according to the types of pests if the Sedum plumbizincicola meets the insect pests; because common herbicides are effective on field weeds and damage to the rhodiola sacra can be caused by herbicide spraying, the common herbicides are recommended to be periodically removed manually or sprayed in a mode that the herbicides are tightly attached to the ground according to the growth conditions of the weeds, so that the damage of the herbicides to the rhodiola sacra is reduced as much as possible.
(6) Harvesting: after the Sedum plumbizincicola is ripe, cutting the Sedum plumbizincicola at a position 3-5cm away from the ground, and carrying out centralized incineration and recovery treatment on the Sedum plumbizincicola; and (4) uniformly harvesting the mature low-accumulation corn kernels.
And (4) punching holes on the mulching films on the ridges in the step (4) to reach the depth of 15-20 cm, and the depth and the width of each hole in the ditch are 35 cm respectively.
And (4) cutting the sedum plumbizincicola about 3cm away from the ground in the step (6) so as to grow the sedum plumbizincicola for one season.
The technical principle of the invention is as follows: according to the plant species interaction principle, the ultra-accumulative plant Sedum plumbizincicola which can coexist with the low-cadmium corn on the ecological niche is selected for strip-shaped intercropping production, a more reasonable space-three-dimensional composite ecological structure and horizontal layout can be created, resources such as light, heat, water, nutrients and the like can be effectively utilized, and the utilization rate of unit cultivated land area is improved. Under the background of national conditions with limited cultivated land resources, the mode can repair cadmium-polluted soil and ensure that the same land can continuously and safely produce corn on the premise of not interrupting the corn production.
The invention has the advantages that: the low-cadmium corn banded intercropping cadmium hyper-enrichment plant Sedum plumbizincicola not only ensures that the cadmium content of corn grains does not exceed the specification of the national cadmium content limit (0.1mg/kg) standard (GB2762-2012), but also ensures that cadmium-polluted soil is repaired while the farming is not stopped, and achieves the aim of repairing while producing. The method has the advantages of low investment, low workload, low technical requirement and the like, and has outstanding substantive characteristics, remarkable progress and strong practicability and good economic, environmental and ecological benefits compared with the prior art.
Due to the implementation of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following obvious advantages: by means of intercropping of corn and Sedum plumbizincicola, a more reasonable spatial and three-dimensional composite ecological structure and horizontal layout can be created, resources such as light, heat, water, nutrients and the like can be effectively utilized, and the utilization rate of unit arable area is improved; corn is an annual male and female same-plant cross-pollinated plant, has tall and big plant and strong stem, is an important food crop and feed crop, is also the crop with the highest total yield all over the world, is always known as a long-life food, contains rich protein, fat, vitamins, trace elements, cellulose and the like, and has great potential for developing high-nutrition and high-biological function food. The rhodiola rosea has a shading effect, the biomass of the rhodiola rosea can be obviously increased, and the repair efficiency of the rhodiola rosea is improved; the intercropping promotes the underground interaction between the seeds, thereby increasing the crop yield and improving the plant restoration efficiency, and the intercropping of the low-accumulation corn and the Sedum plumbizincicola is selected to realize a new ecological restoration mode of production and restoration.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
Example 1:
(1) land selection and land preparation: through carrying out soil environment quality investigation on cultivated land of Yunnan province, a cultivated land of the Ministry of Tokyanmenhama of Jinding county of Lancheng county of Yangzhou province of Yunnan province is selected in the place of the embodiment, and the area is about 600m2The total amount of cadmium in the soil of the block of cultivated land is 2.00-5.00 mgkg-1The total amount of lead is 50.00-100.00 mgkg-1. And (4) ploughing, raking and leveling the selected land mass, and then applying the compound fertilizer. After the base fertilizer is applied, ridging is carried out manually, the ridge width is 80 cm, the ridge distance is 40 cm, the ridge height is more than 20cm, and finally a black mulching film (1 m in width) is covered for standby application.
(2) Seedling culture: renting a farmer farmland of about 400m in Kingzhengqing Ministry in Lanping county of Yangzhou, Yunnan province2And cultivating the Sedum plumbizincicola seedlings by adopting a field cuttage mode.
(3) Low accumulation of maize intercropping sedum: planting low-accumulation corns and sedum plumbizincicola on ridges and in a ridge-furrow intercropping mode, planting three rows of sedum plumbizincicola on the ridges, and planting one row of low-accumulation corns in the ridges.
(4) Firstly, punching holes on a black mulching film, then selecting robust rhodiola rosea branches with consistent growth vigor for cuttage, inserting the branches into soil, covering soil and compacting, wherein the burying depth of the branches is about 5cm, and the plant spacing and the row spacing are between 15 and 20 cm. After the transplanting of the Sedum plumbizincicola is finished, sowing castor seeds in holes among ridges, sowing one row of intercropping plants among the ridges, and controlling the plant spacing to be 30 cm. Then topdressing, controlling diseases, pests, weeds and the like are carried out according to a normal field management mode.
(5) Harvesting the sedum plumbizincicola and the low-accumulation corn: after three months, cutting the mature Sedum plumbizincicola at a position 3-5cm away from the ground, and carrying out centralized incineration and recovery treatment on the Sedum plumbizincicola. And (4) maturing the corn and harvesting corn grains. Through determination and analysis, the concentrations of Cd and Pb in the corn grains are 0.022 and 0.065 respectively. The Cd and Pb contents of corn grains meet the national food quality and health standards, which shows that the Cd and Pb enriching capacity of the corn is low, and the corn can be recommended to be planted as crops on polluted soil. The removal rates of the Sedum plumbizincicola to Cd and Pb in soil are respectively 35.20% and 19.06%, and the Sedum plumbizincicola has a good restoration effect on heavy metal polluted farmlands.
The above is only one specific embodiment of the present invention, and other embodiments are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A method for realizing production and repair by using low-accumulation corn/Sedum plumbizincicola intercropping is characterized in that: planting low-accumulation corn and Sedum plumbizincicola by intercropping.
2. The method of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) land selection and land preparation: selecting a land block with cadmium content exceeding 0.3mg/kg in farmland soil;
a rotary cultivator is adopted to turn over the farmland, so that the flatness of the farmland is ensured and no water is accumulated; after the base fertilizer is applied, ridges are formed manually, the ridge width is 80 cm, the ridge distance is 40 cm, and the ridge height is more than 20cm, so that the land utilization rate is improved, and flooding in rainy seasons can be avoided;
spraying insecticide, and immediately covering a black mulching film (1 m wide) for later use;
(2) seedling culture: culturing seedlings of Sedum plumbizincicola by field cuttage;
(3) intercropping of castor and Sedum plumbizincicola: planting low-accumulation corns and sedum plumbizincicola in a ridge and furrow intercropping mode, planting two rows of low-accumulation corns on the ridge and one row of sedum plumbizincicola in the furrow;
(4) transplanting: selecting robust Sedum plumbizincicola branches with consistent growth vigor for cuttage, wherein the plant spacing is 15-20 cm; firstly, punching a black mulching film, then inserting the rhodiola wallichiana branches into soil, and covering and compacting the soil to ensure that the embedding depth of the branches is about 4-5 cm;
after the transplanting of the Sedum plumbizincicola is finished, hole sowing low-accumulation corn seeds among ridges, sowing only one row of intercropping plants among the ridges, wherein the plant spacing is 30 cm;
(5) deinsectization weeding: closely observing the growth of the Sedum plumbizincicola, and selecting a proper insecticide according to the types of pests if the Sedum plumbizincicola meets the insect pests; because common herbicides are effective on field weeds and damage to the rhodiola sacra can be caused by herbicide spraying, the common herbicides are recommended to be periodically removed in a manual mode or sprayed in a mode that the herbicides are tightly attached to the ground according to the growth condition of the weeds, so that the damage of the herbicides to the rhodiola sacra is reduced as much as possible;
(6) harvesting: after the Sedum plumbizincicola is ripe, cutting the Sedum plumbizincicola at a position 3-5cm away from the ground, and carrying out centralized incineration and recovery treatment on the Sedum plumbizincicola; and (4) uniformly harvesting the mature low-accumulation corn kernels.
3. The method for realizing production-while-repairing by using low-accumulation corn/Sedum plumbizincicola intercropping as claimed in claim 2, wherein: and 4, punching holes on the mulching films on the ridges to a depth of 15-20 cm, and respectively forming holes in the grooves to a depth and a width of 35 cm.
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| CN112893453A (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2021-06-04 | 华南师范大学 | Method for repairing cadmium-polluted soil by intercropping corn and wedelia chinensis and inoculating AMF |
| CN113102491A (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2021-07-13 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | Method for repairing cadmium-polluted farmland by intercropping corn-pennisetum hydridum with ensiling function |
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Application publication date: 20200417 |