CN109786790B - Fuel cell system capable of being started and stopped at low temperature and control method thereof - Google Patents
Fuel cell system capable of being started and stopped at low temperature and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109786790B CN109786790B CN201910237742.9A CN201910237742A CN109786790B CN 109786790 B CN109786790 B CN 109786790B CN 201910237742 A CN201910237742 A CN 201910237742A CN 109786790 B CN109786790 B CN 109786790B
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 118
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 166
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 162
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 162
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 206010037544 Purging Diseases 0.000 description 11
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The invention provides a fuel cell system for low-temperature start-stop and a control method thereof, wherein the fuel cell system comprises a fuel cell, an air inlet pipeline and a hydrogen inlet pipeline; the fuel cell includes a cathode chamber and an anode chamber; the device also comprises an air outlet pipeline and a hydrogen circulation pipeline; the system also comprises an air water removal loop, a hydrogen water removal loop, a first three-way valve and a second three-way valve; the air water removal loop comprises a first molecular sieve and an air water removal pipeline; the hydrogen water removal loop comprises a second molecular sieve and a hydrogen water removal pipeline; the device also comprises an air compressor, a cooling device, a molecular sieve regeneration pipeline, a first regeneration three-way valve, a second regeneration three-way valve, a third three-way valve and a drainage pipeline. The fuel cell system and the control method thereof for low-temperature start-stop can efficiently and reliably remove excessive moisture in the fuel cell, so that the fuel cell system can stably operate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a fuel cell system capable of being started and stopped at low temperature and a control method thereof.
Background
Currently, under the common efforts of scientists in all countries of the world, fuel cell automobiles enter the later stage of technical verification and the earlier stage of commercialization. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell, which is one of low temperature fuel cells, has the advantages of cleanness and high energy conversion efficiency, and is considered as the best choice of future vehicle power.
As power for vehicles, the fuel cell system needs to cope with various environmental and climate conditions, and low-temperature rapid start of the fuel cell system is one of characteristics that must be solved for commercialization thereof. The characteristics of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell determine that water is needed in the proton transfer process, wherein the water is an indispensable condition for proton transfer, but when the temperature is lower than 0 ℃, excessive water can freeze, so that the diffusion of gas in a diffusion layer and a catalytic layer is blocked, and the system is failed to start.
At present, cold start strategies for solving the problem of water icing in the industry mainly comprise two types: the method comprises the steps that gas is used for carrying out dewatering and purging treatment on the electric pile before the electric pile is frozen, so that electrodes in the fuel cell keep good water balance, the electric pile does not form or only forms less solid ice in a cold environment, and meanwhile, enough liquid water is ensured to realize H+ conduction in the initial stage of low-temperature starting of the electric pile; the other is to preheat the electric pile by means of an external auxiliary heat source before starting, so that the temperature of the electric pile is raised to a certain temperature, and a great amount of ice or liquid water is prevented from covering the catalytic layer of the membrane electrode assembly and blocking the flow field in the initial stage of low-temperature starting. However, the first strategy is difficult to determine the water content in the fuel cell, cannot achieve accurate control, requires excessive purging, and is low in efficiency. The second strategy requires the addition of an additional auxiliary power source, which increases both the volume and weight of the system and the cost, and consumes additional fuel, reducing fuel economy.
Accordingly, there is a need for improvement and development in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a fuel cell system capable of effectively and reliably removing excessive moisture in a fuel cell and enabling the fuel cell system to stably operate, and a control method thereof.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a low-temperature start-stop fuel cell system comprises a fuel cell, an air inlet pipeline and a hydrogen inlet pipeline; the fuel cell comprises a cathode chamber and an anode chamber, the air inlet pipeline is connected with the inlet of the cathode chamber, and the hydrogen inlet pipeline is connected with the inlet of the anode chamber;
the device also comprises an air outlet pipeline and a hydrogen circulation pipeline; an inlet of the air outlet pipeline is connected with an outlet of the cathode chamber, an inlet of the hydrogen circulation pipeline is connected with an outlet of the anode chamber, and an outlet of the hydrogen circulation pipeline is connected with a hydrogen inlet pipeline;
the system also comprises an air water removal loop, a hydrogen water removal loop, a first three-way valve and a second three-way valve; the air dewatering loop comprises a first molecular sieve and an air dewatering pipeline, the first three-way valve is arranged on the air outlet pipeline and connected with an inlet of the air dewatering pipeline, an outlet of the air dewatering pipeline is connected with an air inlet pipeline, and the first molecular sieve is arranged on the air dewatering pipeline; the hydrogen water removal loop comprises a second molecular sieve and a hydrogen water removal pipeline, the second three-way valve is arranged on the hydrogen circulation pipeline and connected with an inlet of the hydrogen water removal pipeline, an outlet of the hydrogen water removal pipeline is connected with the hydrogen air inlet pipeline, and the second molecular sieve is arranged on the hydrogen water removal pipeline;
the device also comprises an air compressor, a cooling device, a molecular sieve regeneration pipeline, a first regeneration three-way valve, a second regeneration three-way valve, a third three-way valve and a drainage pipeline; the air compressor is arranged on an air inlet pipeline between the outlet of the air dewatering pipeline and the inlet of the cathode chamber; the cooling device is arranged on an air inlet pipeline between an outlet of the air compressor and an inlet of the cathode chamber; the first regeneration three-way valve is arranged on an air inlet pipeline between the air compressor and the cooling device; the second regeneration three-way valve is arranged on an air water removal pipeline connected with the outlet of the first molecular sieve; the molecular sieve regeneration pipeline comprises two sections, wherein the inlet of one section of molecular sieve regeneration pipeline is connected with the first regeneration three-way valve, the outlet is connected with the inlet of the first molecular sieve, the inlet of the other section of molecular sieve regeneration pipeline is connected with the second regeneration three-way valve, and the outlet is connected with the inlet of the second molecular sieve; the third three-way valve is arranged on a hydrogen water removal pipeline connected with the outlet of the second molecular sieve and is connected with a drainage pipeline.
The low-temperature start-stop fuel cell system is characterized in that a hydrogen circulation device is arranged between the outlet of the anode chamber and the second three-way valve.
The fuel cell system is started and stopped at low temperature, wherein an air electromagnetic valve is arranged on an air inlet pipeline.
The fuel cell system is started and stopped at low temperature, wherein a hydrogen electromagnetic valve is arranged on a hydrogen inlet pipeline.
In the low-temperature start-stop fuel cell system, a one-way valve is arranged on a hydrogen inlet pipeline.
The low-temperature start-stop fuel cell system is characterized in that a first outlet electromagnetic valve is arranged at the outlet of an air outlet pipeline, and a second outlet electromagnetic valve is arranged on a drainage pipeline.
The low-temperature start-stop fuel cell system further comprises a cooling liquid circulation pipeline, wherein the cooling liquid circulation pipeline comprises a cooling device cooling pipeline and a fuel cell cooling pipeline; the cooling device comprises an air flow channel and a cooling liquid flow channel; the cooling device cooling pipe flows through a cooling liquid flow passage of the cooling device, and the fuel cell cooling pipe flows through the fuel cell.
A control method of fuel cell system with low temperature start-stop includes initial start-up, shutdown and next start-up;
(1) Initial starting: the first three-way valve is connected to the inlet of the cooling device, the first three-way valve is connected to the air outlet pipeline, the second three-way valve is connected to the hydrogen circulation pipeline, the cooling device and the air compressor are started at the temperature of more than 0 ℃, and hydrogen is introduced;
(2) And (5) shutting down: shutting down the fuel cell;
when the external environment temperature is more than T 1 When the air compressor and the cooling device are closed, the air and hydrogen supply is stopped;
when the external environment temperature is less than or equal to T 1 In the time-course of which the first and second contact surfaces,
A. the first three-way valve is connected with an air water removal pipeline, the second regeneration three-way valve is connected with an air water removal pipeline, the second three-way valve is connected with a hydrogen water removal pipeline, and the third three-way valve is connected with a hydrogen water removal pipeline for cyclic purging water removal;
B. the first three-way valve is connected to the inlet of a molecular sieve regeneration pipeline, the second three-way valve is connected to the inlet of another section of molecular sieve regeneration pipeline, and the third three-way valve is connected to a drainage pipeline for high-temperature purging regeneration;
C. closing the air compressor and the cooling device, and stopping air and hydrogen supply;
0℃≤T 1 ≤10℃；
(3) The next time is started:
when the external environment temperature is more than 0 ℃, executing the step (1);
when the external environment temperature is less than or equal to 0 ℃, the first regeneration three-way valve is connected to the inlet of the cooling device, the first three-way valve is connected to the air outlet pipeline, and the second three-way valve is connected to the hydrogen circulation pipeline; introducing hydrogen, supplying the hydrogen at the maximum flow rate for less than or equal to 10s, supplying the hydrogen at the current density of 10-100 mA/cm < 2 >, supplying the air at the maximum flow rate for less than or equal to 10s, and supplying the air at the current density of 10-100 mA/cm < 2 >; the air flow and the hydrogen flow are supplied at the current density of 200 mA/cm < 2 > -1000 mA/cm < 2 > -0 ℃ until the temperature in the fuel cell is more than 0 ℃; when the temperature in the fuel cell is greater than T 2 When the load of the fuel cell is changed, the hydrogen flow and the air flow are changed at the normal load changing rate of the fuel cell; t at 10℃ or less 2 ≤40℃。
The control method of the fuel cell system for low-temperature start-stop comprises the step of circularly purging the fuel cell system until the humidity in the fuel cell system is less than or equal to 1%.
The control method of the fuel cell system for low-temperature start-stop comprises the steps of controlling the temperature to be less than or equal to 5 ℃ and less than or equal to T 1 ≤10℃。
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a fuel cell system capable of effectively and reliably removing excessive moisture in a fuel cell and enabling the fuel cell system to stably operate, and a control method thereof.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing connection of a fuel cell system for low-temperature start-stop in an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals illustrate: 1. an air filtration device; 2. an air compressor; 3. a first regeneration three-way valve; 4. a cooling device; 5. an air solenoid valve; 6. a first three-way valve; 7. a first outlet solenoid valve; 8. a first molecular sieve; 9. a second regeneration three-way valve; 10. a hydrogen solenoid valve; 11. a one-way valve; 12. a hydrogen gas circulation device; 13. a second three-way valve; 14. a second molecular sieve; 15. a third three-way valve; 16. a second outlet solenoid valve; 17. an air intake duct; 18. a hydrogen gas inlet pipe; 19. an air outlet duct; 20. a hydrogen circulation pipe; 21. an air water removal pipeline; 22. a hydrogen water removal pipeline; 23. a molecular sieve regeneration pipeline; 24. a cathode chamber; 25. an anode chamber; 26. the cooling device cools the pipeline; 27. a fuel cell cooling duct; 28. and a fuel cell coolant flow passage.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are exemplary only for explaining the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a low temperature start-stop fuel cell system, which comprises a fuel cell, an air inlet pipe 14 and a hydrogen inlet pipe 15. The fuel cell includes a cathode chamber 19, an anode chamber 20, and an air intake pipe 14 is connected to an inlet of the cathode chamber 19, and a hydrogen intake pipe 15 is connected to an inlet of the anode chamber 20.
The fuel cell system further includes an air outlet pipe, a hydrogen circulation pipe 19. An inlet of the air outlet pipe is connected with an outlet of the cathode chamber, an inlet of the hydrogen circulation pipe 19 is connected with an outlet of the anode chamber, and an outlet of the hydrogen circulation pipe 19 is connected with a hydrogen inlet pipe.
Air enters the cathode chamber 19 through the air inlet pipeline 14, hydrogen enters the anode chamber 20 through the hydrogen inlet pipeline 15, oxygen in the air reacts with the hydrogen in the fuel cell, the rest air flows out through the air outlet pipeline, and the rest hydrogen flows back into the hydrogen inlet pipeline 15 through the hydrogen circulation pipeline 19.
The fuel cell of the invention adopts the existing fuel cell, preferably a proton exchange membrane fuel cell.
In order to solve the problem that excessive water in the fuel cell is easy to freeze in a low-temperature environment, besides discharging liquid water through an air outlet pipeline, the invention also adopts an adsorption mode to remove excessive water in the system (especially moisture in air), and specifically, the fuel cell system further comprises an air water removal loop, a hydrogen water removal loop, a first three-way valve 6 and a second three-way valve 12. The air dewatering loop comprises a first molecular sieve 8 and an air dewatering pipeline 16, wherein the first three-way valve 6 is arranged on an air outlet pipeline and is connected with an inlet of the air dewatering pipeline 16, an outlet of the air dewatering pipeline 16 is connected with an air inlet pipeline 14, and the first molecular sieve 8 is arranged on the air dewatering pipeline 16. The hydrogen dewatering loop comprises a second molecular sieve 13 and a hydrogen dewatering pipeline 17, the second three-way valve 12 is arranged on the hydrogen circulation pipeline 19 and connected with an inlet of the hydrogen dewatering pipeline 17, an outlet of the hydrogen dewatering pipeline 17 is connected with the hydrogen inlet pipeline 15, and the second molecular sieve 13 is arranged on the hydrogen dewatering pipeline 17. The first molecular sieve 8 and the second molecular sieve 13 are all existing molecular sieves with good adsorption effect on water.
Because the adsorption performance and mechanical performance of the molecular sieve can be attenuated and aged after the molecular sieve is used for a certain time, the molecular sieve can be regenerated in order to ensure the adsorption effect of the molecular sieve, and in particular, the fuel cell system further comprises an air compressor 2, a cooling device 4, a molecular sieve regeneration pipeline 23, a first regeneration three-way valve 3, a second regeneration three-way valve 9, a third three-way valve 15 and a drainage pipeline; the air compressor 2 is provided on the air intake duct 17 between the outlet of the air water removal duct 21 and the inlet of the cathode chamber 24; the cooling device 4 is arranged on the air inlet pipeline 17 between the outlet of the air compressor 2 and the inlet of the cathode chamber 24; the first regeneration three-way valve 3 is arranged on an air inlet pipeline 17 between the air compressor 2 and the cooling device 4; the second regeneration three-way valve 9 is arranged on an air water removal pipeline 21 connected with the outlet of the first molecular sieve 8; the molecular sieve regeneration pipeline 23 comprises two sections, wherein the inlet of one section of molecular sieve regeneration pipeline 23 is connected with the first regeneration three-way valve 3, the outlet is connected with the inlet of the first molecular sieve 8, the inlet of the other section of molecular sieve regeneration pipeline 23 is connected with the second regeneration three-way valve 9, and the outlet is connected with the inlet of the second molecular sieve 14; the third three-way valve 15 is provided on the hydrogen water removal pipe 22 connected to the outlet of the second molecular sieve 14, and is connected to the drain pipe. When the fuel cell system is dehydrated, the first three-way valve 6 is connected with the air dehydration pipeline 16, and the second three-way valve 12 is connected with the hydrogen dehydration pipeline 17; after the temperature of the air is increased by the air compressor 2, the air flows through the first regeneration three-way valve 3, then enters the cathode chamber 19 after being cooled to a certain extent by the cooling device 4, and the air flowing out of the cathode chamber 19 enters the first molecular sieve 8 on the air dewatering pipeline 16 through the first three-way valve 6, and after being dewatered by the first molecular sieve 8, flows back to the inlet of the air compressor 2 through the air dewatering pipeline 16, so that a circulating air dewatering loop is formed. Hydrogen enters the anode chamber 20 through the hydrogen inlet pipeline 15, hydrogen flowing out of the anode chamber 20 enters the second molecular sieve 13 on the hydrogen water removing pipeline 17 through the second three-way valve 12, water is removed through the second molecular sieve 13, and then the hydrogen flows back into the hydrogen inlet pipeline 15 through the hydrogen water removing pipeline 17, so that a circulating hydrogen water removing loop is formed. When the fuel cell system needs to regenerate the molecular sieve, the first regeneration three-way valve 3 is connected to the inlet of one section of molecular sieve regeneration pipeline 23, the second regeneration three-way valve 9 is connected to the inlet of the other section of molecular sieve regeneration pipeline 23, the third three-way valve 15 is connected to the drainage pipeline, after the temperature of the air is increased by the air compressor 2, the air enters the molecular sieve regeneration pipeline 18 through the first regeneration three-way valve 3, and the high-temperature air sweeps the first molecular sieve 8 and the second molecular sieve 13, so that the water adsorbed by the first molecular sieve 8 and the second molecular sieve 13 is taken away by the high-temperature air and is discharged from the drainage pipeline, and the effect of molecular sieve regeneration is achieved.
In the present invention, the cooling device 4 is preferably an intercooler. The cooling device 4 includes an air flow passage and a cooling liquid flow passage.
Further, the fuel cell system further comprises a cooling liquid circulation pipeline and a circulating water pump, the cooling liquid circulation pipeline comprises a cooling device cooling pipeline 21 and a fuel cell cooling pipeline 22, a fuel cell cooling liquid flow channel 28 is arranged in the fuel cell, the cooling device cooling pipeline 21 flows through the cooling liquid flow channel of the cooling device 4, the fuel cell cooling pipeline 22 flows through the fuel cell cooling liquid flow channel 28, the fuel cell cooling liquid flow channel 28 rapidly diffuses heat generated by the reaction in the fuel cell, and the circulating water pump is connected with the cooling liquid circulation pipeline to provide circulating power for the cooling liquid.
In order to enhance the circulation of hydrogen and improve the effect of purging and dewatering in the hydrogen circulation, a hydrogen circulation device 11 is further arranged between the outlet of the anode chamber 20 and the second three-way valve 12. In the present invention, the hydrogen circulation device 11 is not limited to the hydrogen circulation pump, and an ejector, or a combination of the hydrogen circulation pump and the ejector may be employed.
In order to facilitate control of the flow rate, the flow velocity of the air entering the air intake duct 14, an air solenoid valve 5 is provided on the air intake duct 14, in particular, the air solenoid valve 5 is provided on the air intake duct 17 between the outlet of the cooling device 4 and the inlet of the cathode chamber 24.
In order to control the flow rate and the flow velocity of the hydrogen entering the hydrogen inlet pipe 15, a hydrogen solenoid valve 9 is provided on the hydrogen inlet pipe 15.
In order to prevent leakage of hydrogen gas, a check valve 10 is provided on the hydrogen gas inlet pipe 15, specifically, the check valve 10 is provided on a hydrogen gas inlet pipe 18 connected to the outlet of the hydrogen solenoid valve 9.
In order to control the flow and the flow speed of the air outlet pipeline and the drainage pipeline conveniently, a first outlet electromagnetic valve 7 is arranged at the outlet of the air outlet pipeline, and a second outlet electromagnetic valve is arranged on the drainage pipeline.
Further, an air filter device 1 is provided at the inlet of the air intake duct 14.
The invention also provides a control method of the fuel cell system for low-temperature start-stop, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Initial starting: the first three-way valve 3 is connected to the inlet of the cooling device 4, the first three-way valve 6 is connected to the air outlet pipeline, the second three-way valve 12 is connected to the hydrogen circulation pipeline 19, and the fuel cell system is started at the temperature above 0 ℃:
starting a cooling device 4 and an air compressor 2, and introducing hydrogen; the air flows through the air compressor 2, the first regeneration three-way valve 3 and the cooling device 4 to enter the cathode chamber 19, and the residual air after reaction is discharged through the air outlet pipeline and the first three-way valve 6; hydrogen enters the anode chamber 20, and the residual hydrogen after the reaction flows back to the hydrogen inlet pipeline 15 through the hydrogen circulation pipeline 19 and the second three-way valve 12.
(2) And (5) shutting down: shutting down the fuel cell;
when the external environment temperature is more than T 1 When the air compressor 2 and the cooling device 4 are closed, the air and hydrogen supply is stopped;
when the external environment temperature is less than or equal to T 1 In the time-course of which the first and second contact surfaces,
A. the first three-way valve 6 is connected with an air water removal pipeline 21, the second regeneration three-way valve 9 is connected with the air water removal pipeline 21, the second three-way valve 12 is connected with a hydrogen water removal pipeline 22, and the third three-way valve 15 is connected with the hydrogen water removal pipeline 22 for cyclic purging water removal; the air flows through the air compressor 2, the first regeneration three-way valve 3, the cooling device 4, the cathode chamber 19, the first three-way valve 6, the first molecular sieve 8 and the second regeneration three-way valve 9 to flow back to the inlet of the air compressor 2, moisture in the air is adsorbed by the first molecular sieve 8, the hydrogen flows through the anode chamber 20, the second three-way valve 12, the second molecular sieve 13 and the third three-way valve 15 to flow back to the hydrogen inlet pipeline 18, and moisture in the hydrogen is adsorbed by the second molecular sieve 13;
B. the first three-way valve 3 is connected to the inlet of a molecular sieve regeneration pipeline 18, the second three-way valve 9 is connected to the inlet of another section of molecular sieve regeneration pipeline 22, and the third three-way valve 15 is connected to a drainage pipeline for high-temperature purging regeneration; the high-temperature air heated by the air compressor 2 flows through the first molecular sieve 8 and the second molecular sieve 13, and the moisture in the first molecular sieve 8 and the second molecular sieve 13 is removed and discharged from the drainage pipeline;
C. closing the air compressor 2 and the cooling device 4, and stopping air and hydrogen supply;
0℃≤T 1 ≤10℃。
(3) The next time is started:
when the external environment temperature is more than 0 ℃, executing the step (1);
when the temperature of the external environment is less than or equal to 0 DEG CWhen the hydrogen gas circulation device is in operation, the first regeneration three-way valve 3 is connected to the inlet of the cooling device 4, the first three-way valve 6 is connected to the air outlet pipeline, and the second three-way valve 12 is connected to the hydrogen gas circulation pipeline 19; introducing hydrogen, supplying hydrogen at maximum flow rate for less than or equal to 10s, and then adding 10-100 mA/cm 2 Hydrogen flow at current density is supplied; at this time, the air compressor 2 operates at the maximum rotation speed, air is supplied at the maximum flow rate for less than or equal to 10s, and the air supply time is 10-100 mA/cm 2 Air flow at current density is supplied; until the temperature in the fuel cell is more than 0 ℃, and 200-1000 mA/cm 2 Hydrogen flow rate and air flow rate at current density are supplied; when the temperature in the fuel cell reaches T 2 When the load of the fuel cell is changed, the hydrogen flow and the air flow are changed at the normal load changing rate of the fuel cell; t at 10℃ or less 2 ≤40℃。
In the invention, the "variable load rate" refers to the change rate of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell in output power, the "normal variable load rate" refers to the variable load rate specified in a certain fuel cell specification, and the normal variable load rate of each fuel cell is different. Specifically, the normal load change rate ranges from 5% to 20% increase or decrease in fuel cell rated power per second.
Further, in order to make the water removal effect of the fuel cell system better, the humidity in the fuel cell system is circularly purged to be less than or equal to 1%.
Further, since the control method of the fuel cell system has a special condition, when the fuel cell system is initially started at more than 0 ℃ and the external environment temperature is also at more than 0 ℃ during shutdown, the fuel cell system does not carry out cyclic purging and water removal, if the external environment temperature is reduced to be less than 0 ℃ after shutdown, water in the fuel cell system can be frozen, and the fuel cell system is failed to start, in order to avoid the condition, the temperature judgment threshold value during shutdown is limited to be 5 ℃ less than or equal to T 1 ≤10℃。
In the present invention, the air flow rate Q at a certain current density H With hydrogen flow Q A The calculation can be performed by the following formula:
Q H ＝7.6J*n*S*λ H
Q A ＝18J*n*S*λ A
wherein J is current density; n is the number of cells; s is the active area of the monolithic cell; lambda (lambda) H Lambda is the hydrogen excess coefficient H The range of (2) is 1.2-2; lambda (lambda) A Lambda is the air excess coefficient A The range of (2) is 1.5-3; lambda (lambda) H And lambda is A The specific value of (2) is determined by the requirements of the fuel cell.
Example 1
The present example was run at 1 and 100kW (rated current density 1A/cm) 2 ) A water-cooled proton exchange membrane fuel cell system of (c) is described.
(1) Initial starting: the first three-way regeneration valve 3 is connected to the inlet of the cooling device 4, the first three-way valve 6 is connected to the air outlet pipeline, the second three-way regeneration valve 9 is connected to the air water removal pipeline 21, the second three-way valve 12 is connected to the hydrogen circulation pipeline 19, and the fuel cell system is started at the temperature of more than 0 ℃;
starting a circulating water pump, running the circulating water pump at the lowest rotation speed, introducing hydrogen after 1s, supplying hydrogen at the maximum flow rate for not more than 1s, and then using the hydrogen at the maximum flow rate of 100mA/cm 2 The hydrogen flow rate at the current density is supplied, and at this time, the air compressor 2 is started and operated at the maximum rotational speed (i.e., the air is supplied at the maximum flow rate) for 1s, and then returned to 100mA/cm 2 Air flow and hydrogen flow at current density are supplied.
Hydrogen enters the anode chamber 20 through the hydrogen electromagnetic valve 9, the one-way valve 10 and the hydrogen inlet pipeline 15, and then flows back to the hydrogen inlet pipeline 15 through the hydrogen circulation device 11 and the second three-way valve 12; after passing through the air filtering device 1 and the air compressor 2, the temperature of the air rises to about 130 ℃, then the air enters an intercooler through the first regeneration three-way valve 3, after being cooled by circulating water, the temperature of the air drops to about 70 ℃, and then the air enters the cathode chamber 19 through the air electromagnetic valve 5 and is discharged through the first three-way valve 6, the air outlet pipeline and the first outlet electromagnetic valve 7; the first outlet solenoid valve 7 is opened 1 time every 5s for 1s each time; the air flow rate and the hydrogen flow rate were changed at a variable load rate of 5kW/s (the normal variable load rate of the present embodiment) during the subsequent system operation.
(2) And (5) shutting down: the fuel cell is turned off, and the fuel cell system collects the external ambient temperature through the temperature sensor.
When the external environment temperature is more than 5 ℃, the circulating water pump is started, the rotating speed of the air compressor 2 is simultaneously regulated to be maximum (air is supplied at the maximum flow rate), hydrogen is supplied at the maximum flow rate, the air compressor 2, the hydrogen circulating device 11 and the circulating water pump are closed after 1s, and the air electromagnetic valve 5, the hydrogen electromagnetic valve 9 and the first outlet electromagnetic valve 7 are closed after 1 s.
When the external environment temperature is less than or equal to 5 ℃, the circulating water pump is started, the rotating speed of the air compressor 2 is regulated to be maximum (air is supplied at the maximum flow rate), hydrogen is supplied at the maximum flow rate, and after 1s, all pumps except the air compressor 2 and the hydrogen circulating device 11 are closed; the first three-way valve 6 is connected with an air water removal pipeline 21, the second regeneration three-way valve 9 is connected with the air water removal pipeline 21, the second three-way valve 12 is connected with a hydrogen water removal pipeline 22, the third three-way valve 15 is connected with the hydrogen water removal pipeline 22, the time of cyclic purging is more than or equal to 30s, and the hydrogen circulating device 11 is closed; the first regeneration three-way valve 3 is connected to the inlet of one section of molecular sieve regeneration pipeline 18, the second regeneration three-way valve 9 is connected to the other section of molecular sieve regeneration pipeline 23, the third three-way valve 15 is connected to the drainage pipeline, the second outlet electromagnetic valve 16 on the drainage pipeline is opened, the high-temperature purging time is more than or equal to 30 seconds, and the air electromagnetic valve 5, the hydrogen electromagnetic valve 9, the first outlet electromagnetic valve 7 and the second outlet electromagnetic valve 16 are closed.
(3) The next time is started:
when the external environment temperature is more than 0 ℃, executing the step (1);
when the external environment temperature is less than or equal to 0 ℃, the circulating water pump is not started, the first three-way valve 3 is connected to the inlet of the cooling device 4, the first three-way valve 6 is connected to the air outlet pipeline, and the second three-way valve 12 is connected to the hydrogen circulating pipeline 19; introducing hydrogen, supplying hydrogen at maximum flow rate for no more than 1s, and then supplying hydrogen at 50mA/cm 2 The hydrogen flow rate at the current density is supplied, and at this time, the air compressor 2 is started and operated at the maximum rotational speed (i.e., the air is supplied at the maximum flow rate) for 1s, and then returned to 50mA/cm 2 Air flow at current density is supplied; hydrogen enters the anode chamber 20 through the hydrogen solenoid valve 9, the one-way valve 10 and the hydrogen inlet pipeline 15 and then is circularly loaded through hydrogenThe second three-way valve 12 is arranged 11 and flows back to the hydrogen inlet pipeline 15; after passing through the air filtering device 1 and the air compressor 2, the temperature of the air rises to about 130 ℃, then the air enters an intercooler through the first regeneration three-way valve 3, after being cooled by circulating water, the temperature of the air drops to about 70 ℃, and then the air enters the cathode chamber 19 through the air electromagnetic valve 5 and is discharged through the first three-way valve 6, the air outlet pipeline and the first outlet electromagnetic valve 7; the first outlet solenoid valve 7 is opened 1 time every 2s for 1s each time; changing air flow and hydrogen flow at a variable load rate of 1kW/s in the operation process of a subsequent system until the temperature in the fuel cell is more than 0 ℃; and starting the circulating water pump until the temperature in the fuel cell is more than or equal to 25 ℃, and changing the air flow and the hydrogen flow by a subsequent system according to the variable load rate (the normal variable load rate in the embodiment) of 5 kW/s.
In the description of the present specification, reference to the terms "one embodiment," "certain embodiments," "illustrative embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
In summary, although the present invention has been described in terms of the preferred embodiments, the preferred embodiments are not limited to the above embodiments, and various modifications and changes can be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. The low-temperature start-stop fuel cell system is characterized by comprising a fuel cell, an air inlet pipeline and a hydrogen inlet pipeline; the fuel cell comprises a cathode chamber and an anode chamber, the air inlet pipeline is connected with the inlet of the cathode chamber, and the hydrogen inlet pipeline is connected with the inlet of the anode chamber;
the device also comprises an air outlet pipeline and a hydrogen circulation pipeline; an inlet of the air outlet pipeline is connected with an outlet of the cathode chamber, an inlet of the hydrogen circulation pipeline is connected with an outlet of the anode chamber, and an outlet of the hydrogen circulation pipeline is connected with a hydrogen inlet pipeline;
the system also comprises an air water removal loop, a hydrogen water removal loop, a first three-way valve and a second three-way valve; the air dewatering loop comprises a first molecular sieve and an air dewatering pipeline, the first three-way valve is arranged on the air outlet pipeline and connected with an inlet of the air dewatering pipeline, an outlet of the air dewatering pipeline is connected with an air inlet pipeline, and the first molecular sieve is arranged on the air dewatering pipeline; the hydrogen water removal loop comprises a second molecular sieve and a hydrogen water removal pipeline, the second three-way valve is arranged on the hydrogen circulation pipeline and connected with an inlet of the hydrogen water removal pipeline, an outlet of the hydrogen water removal pipeline is connected with the hydrogen air inlet pipeline, and the second molecular sieve is arranged on the hydrogen water removal pipeline;
the device also comprises an air compressor, a cooling device, a molecular sieve regeneration pipeline, a first regeneration three-way valve, a second regeneration three-way valve, a third three-way valve and a drainage pipeline; the air compressor is arranged on an air inlet pipeline between the outlet of the air dewatering pipeline and the inlet of the cathode chamber; the cooling device is arranged on an air inlet pipeline between an outlet of the air compressor and an inlet of the cathode chamber; the first regeneration three-way valve is arranged on an air inlet pipeline between the air compressor and the cooling device; the second regeneration three-way valve is arranged on an air water removal pipeline connected with the outlet of the first molecular sieve; the molecular sieve regeneration pipeline comprises two sections, wherein the inlet of one section of molecular sieve regeneration pipeline is connected with the first regeneration three-way valve, the outlet is connected with the inlet of the first molecular sieve, the inlet of the other section of molecular sieve regeneration pipeline is connected with the second regeneration three-way valve, and the outlet is connected with the inlet of the second molecular sieve; the third three-way valve is arranged on a hydrogen water removal pipeline connected with the outlet of the second molecular sieve and is connected with a drainage pipeline;
a hydrogen circulation device is arranged between the outlet of the anode chamber and the second three-way valve;
an air electromagnetic valve is arranged on the air inlet pipeline.
2. The low-temperature start-stop fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein a hydrogen solenoid valve is provided on the hydrogen intake pipe.
3. The low temperature start-stop fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein a check valve is provided on the hydrogen gas intake pipe.
4. The cold start-stop fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein a first outlet solenoid valve is provided at an outlet of the air outlet pipe, and a second outlet solenoid valve is provided at the drain pipe.
5. The cold start-stop fuel cell system of claim 1, further comprising a coolant circulation conduit including a cooling device cooling conduit, a fuel cell cooling conduit; the cooling device comprises an air flow channel and a cooling liquid flow channel; the cooling device cooling pipe flows through a cooling liquid flow passage of the cooling device, and the fuel cell cooling pipe flows through the fuel cell.
6. A control method of a low-temperature start-stop fuel cell system for the low-temperature start-stop fuel cell system according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) Initial starting: the first three-way valve is connected to the inlet of the cooling device, the first three-way valve is connected to the air outlet pipeline, the second three-way valve is connected to the hydrogen circulation pipeline, the cooling device and the air compressor are started at the temperature of more than 0 ℃, and hydrogen is introduced;
(2) And (5) shutting down: shutting down the fuel cell;
when the external environment temperature is more than T 1 When the air compressor and the cooling device are closed, the air and hydrogen supply is stopped;
when the external environment temperature is less than or equal to T 1 In the time-course of which the first and second contact surfaces,
A. the first three-way valve is connected with an air water removal pipeline, the second regeneration three-way valve is connected with an air water removal pipeline, the second three-way valve is connected with a hydrogen water removal pipeline, and the third three-way valve is connected with a hydrogen water removal pipeline for cyclic purging water removal;
B. the first three-way valve is connected to the inlet of a molecular sieve regeneration pipeline, the second three-way valve is connected to the inlet of another section of molecular sieve regeneration pipeline, and the third three-way valve is connected to a drainage pipeline for high-temperature purging regeneration;
C. closing the air compressor and the cooling device, and stopping air and hydrogen supply;
0℃≤T 1 ≤10℃；
(3) The next time is started:
when the external environment temperature is more than 0 ℃, executing the step (1);
when the external environment temperature is less than or equal to 0 ℃, the first regeneration three-way valve is connected to the inlet of the cooling device, the first three-way valve is connected to the air outlet pipeline, and the second three-way valve is connected to the hydrogen circulation pipeline; introducing hydrogen, supplying the hydrogen at the maximum flow rate for less than or equal to 10s, supplying the hydrogen at the current density of 10-100 mA/cm < 2 >, supplying the air at the maximum flow rate for less than or equal to 10s, and supplying the air at the current density of 10-100 mA/cm < 2 >; the air flow and the hydrogen flow are supplied at the current density of 200 mA/cm < 2 > -1000 mA/cm < 2 > -0 ℃ until the temperature in the fuel cell is more than 0 ℃; when the temperature in the fuel cell is greater than T 2 When the load of the fuel cell is changed, the hydrogen flow and the air flow are changed at the normal load changing rate of the fuel cell; t at 10℃ or less 2 ≤40℃。
7. The method of controlling a low-temperature start-stop fuel cell system according to claim 6, wherein the humidity in the fuel cell system is circulated and purged to 1% or less.
8. The control method of a low-temperature start-stop fuel cell system according to claim 6, wherein 5 ℃ T 1 ≤10℃。
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| CN110429303B (en) * | 2019-07-03 | 2020-11-03 | 深圳国氢新能源科技有限公司 | Cold start method for hydrogen fuel cell engine |
| CN110459783A (en) * | 2019-09-10 | 2019-11-15 | 武汉雄韬氢雄燃料电池科技有限公司 | A kind of fuel battery engines air control system |
| CN110854415B (en) * | 2019-10-23 | 2022-02-11 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | Fuel cell purging device and purging method thereof |
| CN111224134A (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-06-02 | 安徽江淮汽车集团股份有限公司 | Fuel cell on-off protection method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium |
| CN111092246A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2020-05-01 | 上海神力科技有限公司 | Fuel cell system starting method |
| CN111740135B (en) * | 2020-05-20 | 2023-05-26 | 国鸿氢能科技(嘉兴)股份有限公司 | Start-stop method and device for water guide bipolar plate fuel cell |
| DE102020209976A1 (en) * | 2020-08-06 | 2022-02-10 | Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Method for operating a fuel cell system, fuel cell system |
| CN112490472B (en) * | 2020-10-27 | 2023-05-23 | 广西玉柴机器股份有限公司 | Shutdown purging mode for low-temperature operation of fuel cell |
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