CN112582649B - Electric pile heating device and fuel cell system grading control method - Google Patents
Electric pile heating device and fuel cell system grading control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112582649B CN112582649B CN202011486195.7A CN202011486195A CN112582649B CN 112582649 B CN112582649 B CN 112582649B CN 202011486195 A CN202011486195 A CN 202011486195A CN 112582649 B CN112582649 B CN 112582649B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04225—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04268—Heating of fuel cells during the start-up of the fuel cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
- H01M8/04302—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during start-up
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Abstract
The application provides a pile heating device and a fuel cell system grading control method, and belongs to the field of cells. An air inlet pipe of an air compressor is connected with an outlet pipe of an air filter through an air flow meter; an inlet pipe of the intercooler is connected with an outlet pipe of the air compressor, and an inlet cooling pipe and an outlet cooling pipe are respectively connected to the intercooler; a dry air side inlet of the humidifier is connected with a first outlet pipe of the intercooler; the wet air side outlet of the humidifier is connected with the mixing and discharging device through a back pressure valve; the air inlet of the electric pile is connected with the dry air side outlet of the humidifier, and the air outlet is connected with the wet air side inlet of the humidifier; an inlet pipe of the preheating valve is connected with a second outlet pipe of the intercooler, and an outlet pipe of the preheating valve is connected with an air inlet pipe of the air compressor; the controller is respectively and electrically connected with the air flow meter, the air compressor, the preheating valve, the back pressure valve and the electric pile. The device occupies small space, and reduces the power consumption of the low-temperature cold start of the whole fuel cell system.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of batteries, in particular to a pile heating device and a fuel cell system grading control method.
Background
The proton exchange membrane fuel cell system comprises a galvanic pile, an air system, a hydrogen system, a cooling system and a corresponding control system. The fuel cell is hindered by the freezing of residual water and generated water during the starting under the low temperature condition, and the ice fills the pores of the catalytic layer or the diffusion layer, so that the electrochemical reaction is reduced and even stopped, and the low-temperature starting performance of the electric pile is influenced. Meanwhile, when water is frozen, volume expansion is generated, and when the ice is melted into water by heat generated after the battery is started, the volume is reduced, and repeated phase change can greatly influence the battery material structure, so that the performance and the service life of the battery are greatly influenced. The ability of a fuel cell to successfully start at low temperatures in a short period of time requires the supply of heat to melt the ice and heat the fuel cell to quickly reach normal operating conditions.
The existing technical scheme is that a heater is generally arranged in a cooling system, and a temperature of a galvanic pile is rapidly increased by heating cooling liquid or installing the heater in an air and hydrogen loop to heat gas, so that low-temperature cold start is realized. The technical scheme has the advantages of poor heating effect, high power consumption, slow temperature rise, large arrangement space occupied by the volume of the heater and no contribution to integrated design.
Disclosure of Invention
One of the objectives of the present application is to provide a stack heating apparatus, which is intended to solve the problems of a low stack temperature-rising speed and a large start-up heating consumption in a low-temperature cold start process of a conventional fuel cell system.
The technical scheme of the application is as follows:
a stack heating apparatus comprising:
air filtering;
the air inlet pipe of the air compressor is connected to the outlet pipe of the air filter through an air flow meter;
an inlet pipe of the intercooler is connected with an outlet pipe of the air compressor, and an inlet cooling pipe and an outlet cooling pipe are respectively connected to the intercooler;
a humidifier, a dry air side inlet of the humidifier being connected to a first outlet pipe of the intercooler;
the wet air side outlet of the humidifier is connected with the mixing and discharging device through a back pressure valve;
a stack having an air inlet connected to the dry air side outlet of the humidifier and an air outlet connected to the wet air side inlet of the humidifier;
the inlet pipe of the preheating valve is connected to the second outlet pipe of the intercooler, and the outlet pipe of the preheating valve is connected to the air inlet pipe of the air compressor;
and the controller is electrically connected with the air flow meter, the air compressor, the preheating valve, the back pressure valve and the electric pile respectively.
As one technical solution of the present application, an air inlet of the stack is connected to a dry air side outlet of the humidifier through a stack inlet temperature and pressure sensor, and an air outlet is connected to a wet air side inlet of the humidifier through a stack outlet temperature and pressure sensor; the controller is respectively and electrically connected with the reactor inlet temperature and pressure sensor and the reactor outlet temperature and pressure sensor.
A fuel cell system grading control method, comprising the above-mentioned electric pile heating device, comprising the following steps:
s1, when the ambient temperature is lower than 0 ℃, starting the air compressor to a rotating speed n1, adjusting the back pressure valve to an opening V1, and simultaneously opening the preheating valve to an initial opening H1 to enable the air flow passing through the preheating valve to account for 18% -21% of the air flow at the outlet of the air compressor; when the ambient temperature is lower than-10 ℃, starting the air compressor to rotate at n2, adjusting the back pressure valve to an opening V2, and simultaneously opening the preheating valve to an initial opening H2 to enable the air flow passing through the preheating valve to account for 33-36% of the air flow at the outlet of the air compressor; when the ambient temperature is lower than-20 ℃, starting the air compressor to rotate at n3, adjusting the back pressure valve to an opening V3, and simultaneously opening the preheating valve to an initial opening H3 to enable the air flow passing through the preheating valve to account for 49-51% of the air flow at the outlet of the air compressor;
s2, after heat exchange is carried out on air from the outlet of the air compressor through the intercooler, a part of air enters the preheating valve, is regulated by the preheating valve and then enters the air compressor again to be heated;
s3, preheating cooling liquid in the intercooler by a part of high-temperature gas heated by the air compressor, converging the preheated cooling liquid into a cooling loop through the outlet cooling pipe, then entering the electric pile, and heating the electric pile; and the other part of high-temperature gas heated by the air compressor enters the electric pile through the humidifier and heats the electric pile.
A stack heating apparatus comprising:
air filtering;
the air inlet pipe of the air compressor is connected to the outlet pipe of the air filter through an air flow meter;
an inlet pipe of the intercooler is connected with an outlet pipe of the air compressor, and an inlet cooling pipe and an outlet cooling pipe are respectively connected to the intercooler;
an inlet pipe of the preheating valve is connected to an outlet pipe of the intercooler, and a second outlet pipe of the preheating valve is connected to an inlet pipe of the air compressor;
a humidifier having a dry air side inlet connected to a first outlet pipe of the pre-heating valve;
the wet air side outlet of the humidifier is connected with the mixing and discharging device through a back pressure valve;
a stack having an air inlet connected to the dry air side outlet of the humidifier and an air outlet connected to the wet air side inlet of the humidifier;
and the controller is electrically connected with the air flow meter, the air compressor, the preheating valve, the back pressure valve and the electric pile respectively.
As one technical solution of the present application, an air inlet of the stack is connected to a dry air side outlet of the humidifier through a stack inlet temperature and pressure sensor, and an air outlet is connected to a wet air side inlet of the humidifier through a stack outlet temperature and pressure sensor; the controller is respectively and electrically connected with the reactor inlet temperature and pressure sensor and the reactor outlet temperature and pressure sensor.
A fuel cell system grading control method, comprising the above-mentioned electric pile heating device, comprising the following steps:
s1, when the ambient temperature is lower than 0 ℃, starting the air compressor to a rotating speed n1, adjusting the back pressure valve to an opening V1, and simultaneously opening the preheating valve to an initial opening H1 to enable the air flow passing through the preheating valve to account for 18% -21% of the air flow at the outlet of the air compressor; when the ambient temperature is lower than-10 ℃, starting the air compressor to rotate at n2, adjusting the back pressure valve to an opening V2, and simultaneously opening the preheating valve to an initial opening H2 to enable the air flow passing through the preheating valve to account for 33-36% of the air flow at the outlet of the air compressor; when the ambient temperature is lower than-20 ℃, starting the air compressor to rotate at n3, adjusting the back pressure valve to an opening V3, and simultaneously opening the preheating valve to an initial opening H3 to enable the air flow passing through the preheating valve to account for 49-51% of the air flow at the outlet of the air compressor;
s2, after heat exchange is carried out on air from the outlet of the air compressor through the intercooler, a part of air enters the preheating valve, is regulated by the preheating valve and then enters the air compressor again to be heated;
s3, preheating cooling liquid in the intercooler by a part of high-temperature gas heated by the air compressor, converging the preheated cooling liquid into a cooling loop through the outlet cooling pipe, then entering the electric pile, and heating the electric pile; and the other part of high-temperature gas heated by the air compressor enters the electric pile through the humidifier and heats the electric pile.
A stack heating apparatus comprising:
air filtering;
the air inlet pipe of the air compressor is connected to the outlet pipe of the air filter through an air flow meter;
an inlet pipe of the intercooler is connected with an outlet pipe of the air compressor, and an inlet cooling pipe and an outlet cooling pipe are respectively connected to the intercooler;
a humidifier, a dry air side inlet of the humidifier being connected to a first outlet pipe of the intercooler;
the inlet pipe of the preheating valve is connected to the second outlet pipe of the intercooler, and the first outlet pipe of the preheating valve is connected to the air inlet pipe of the air compressor;
the wet air side outlet of the humidifier is connected with the mixing and discharging device through a back pressure valve, and a second outlet pipe of the preheating valve is connected with the mixing and discharging device;
a stack having an air inlet connected to the dry air side outlet of the humidifier and an air outlet connected to the wet air side inlet of the humidifier;
and the controller is electrically connected with the air flow meter, the air compressor, the preheating valve, the back pressure valve and the electric pile respectively.
As one technical solution of the present application, an air inlet of the stack is connected to a dry air side outlet of the humidifier through a stack inlet temperature and pressure sensor, and an air outlet is connected to a wet air side inlet of the humidifier through a stack outlet temperature and pressure sensor; the controller is respectively and electrically connected with the reactor inlet temperature and pressure sensor and the reactor outlet temperature and pressure sensor.
A fuel cell system grading control method, comprising the above-mentioned electric pile heating device, comprising the following steps:
s1, when the environmental temperature is lower than 0 ℃, starting the air compressor to the rotating speed n1, adjusting the back pressure valve to the opening V1, simultaneously opening the preheating valve to an initial opening degree H1, opening a first outlet pipe of the preheating valve, closing a second outlet pipe of the preheating valve, the air flow passing through the preheating valve accounts for 18% -21% of the air flow at the outlet of the air compressor, after the air at the outlet of the air compressor exchanges heat in the intercooler, a part of air enters the preheating valve, the cooling liquid is adjusted by the preheating valve and then enters the air compressor again to be heated, a part of high-temperature gas heated by the air compressor preheats the cooling liquid in the intercooler, and the preheated cooling liquid is converged into a cooling loop through the outlet cooling pipe, then enters the electric pile and heats the electric pile; the other part of high-temperature gas heated by the air compressor enters the galvanic pile through the humidifier and heats the galvanic pile; when the ambient temperature is lower than-10 ℃, starting the air compressor to rotate at n2, adjusting the back pressure valve to an opening V2, simultaneously opening the preheating valve to an initial opening degree H2, opening a first outlet pipe of the preheating valve, closing a second outlet pipe of the preheating valve to enable the air flow passing through the preheating valve to account for 33% -36% of the air flow at the outlet of the air compressor, enabling a part of air to enter the preheating valve after the air at the outlet of the air compressor exchanges heat in the intercooler, the cooling liquid is adjusted by the preheating valve and then enters the air compressor again to be heated, a part of high-temperature gas heated by the air compressor preheats the cooling liquid in the intercooler, and the preheated cooling liquid is converged into a cooling loop through the outlet cooling pipe, then enters the electric pile and heats the electric pile; the other part of high-temperature gas heated by the air compressor enters the galvanic pile through the humidifier and heats the galvanic pile; when the ambient temperature is lower than-20 ℃, starting the air compressor to rotate at the speed of n3, adjusting the back pressure valve to the opening V3, simultaneously opening the preheating valve to an initial opening degree H3, opening a first outlet pipe of the preheating valve, closing a second outlet pipe of the preheating valve to enable the air flow passing through the preheating valve to account for 49% -51% of the air flow at the outlet of the air compressor, enabling a part of air to enter the preheating valve after the air at the outlet of the air compressor exchanges heat in the intercooler, the cooling liquid is adjusted by the preheating valve and then enters the air compressor again to be heated, a part of high-temperature gas heated by the air compressor preheats the cooling liquid in the intercooler, and the preheated cooling liquid is converged into a cooling loop through the outlet cooling pipe, then enters the electric pile and heats the electric pile; the other part of high-temperature gas heated by the air compressor enters the galvanic pile through the humidifier and heats the galvanic pile; when the ambient temperature is more than 0 ℃, when the controller monitors that the rate of the power demand of the cell stack from large to small is greater than a set value a1 and the change rate of the back pressure valve is greater than a design value b1, the controller opens the preheating valve, adjusts the opening degree to close a first outlet pipe of the preheating valve and open a second outlet pipe of the preheating valve, and bypasses the surplus air flow in the preheating valve to the mixing and discharging device without flowing through the cell stack, when the controller monitors that the rate of the power demand of the cell stack from large to small is greater than a set value a2 and a2 is greater than a1 and the change rate of the back pressure valve is greater than a design value b2 and b2 is greater than b1, the controller opens the preheating valve, adjusts the opening degree to simultaneously open the first outlet pipe of the preheating valve and the second outlet pipe of the preheating valve, and bypasses a part of the surplus air flow in the preheating valve to the mixing and discharging device without flowing through the cell stack, when the controller monitors that the rate of the power demand of the cell stack from large to small is greater than a set value a3 and a3 is greater than a2, and the change rate of the back pressure valve is greater than a designed value b3 and b3 is greater than b2, the preheating valve is opened, the opening degree is adjusted to open a first outlet pipe of the preheating valve and close a second outlet pipe of the preheating valve, and a part of the surplus air enters the air compressor again for circulation.
The beneficial effect of this application:
in the electric pile heating device, the preheating valve is adopted to adjust air circulation at the outlet of the air compressor and the air is heated when entering the air compressor, so that the air temperature at the outlet of the air compressor can be quickly raised, the air temperature is higher than that in the prior art by more than 100 ℃, on one hand, the high-temperature air can quickly heat cooling liquid inside the intercooler, the cooling liquid is finally converged into the cooling loop and enters the electric pile to raise the temperature of the electric pile, on the other hand, the high-temperature air directly enters the electric pile through the humidifier to heat the electric pile, and therefore the temperature raising process of the electric pile can be quickly accelerated; in addition, the high-temperature air has higher saturated vapor pressure, and can take away more water generated by chemical reaction in the galvanic pile, so that the internal resistance of the galvanic pile is further reduced, the chemical reaction in the galvanic pile is accelerated, and the low-temperature cold start time of the fuel cell system is shortened. In addition, the device does not adopt an external heat source, and occupies small space, thereby effectively reducing the power consumption of the low-temperature cold start of the whole fuel cell system.
Drawings
In order to more clearly explain the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and that for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a heating apparatus of a stack according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of a heating apparatus of a stack according to a second embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of a heating apparatus of a stack according to a third embodiment of the present application.
Icon: 1-a galvanic pile heating device; 2-air filtering; 3, an air compressor; 4-an air flow meter; 5-an intercooler; 6-inlet cooling pipe; 7-outlet cooling pipes; 8-a humidifier; 9-a mixing and discharging device; 10-back pressure valve; 11-electric pile; 12-a pre-heating valve; 13-a controller; 14-a stack-entering temperature pressure sensor; 15-out-of-pile temperature and pressure sensor.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present application, generally described and illustrated in the figures herein, can be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application, presented in the accompanying drawings, is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", and the like refer to orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings or orientations or positional relationships that the products of the present invention are conventionally placed in use, and are used for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present application.
Further, in the present application, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the first feature may be directly contacting the second feature or may be directly contacting the second feature, or the first and second features may be contacted with each other through another feature therebetween, not directly contacting the second feature. Also, the first feature being above, on or above the second feature includes the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or merely means that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature that underlies, and underlies a second feature includes a first feature that is directly under and obliquely under a second feature, or simply means that the first feature is at a lesser level than the second feature.
Furthermore, the terms "horizontal", "vertical" and the like do not imply that the components are required to be absolutely horizontal or pendant, but rather may be slightly inclined. For example, "horizontal" merely means that the direction is more horizontal than "vertical" and does not mean that the structure must be perfectly horizontal, but may be slightly inclined.
In the description of the present application, it is also to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or indirectly to each other. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood in a specific case by those of ordinary skill in the art.
The first embodiment:
referring to fig. 1, the present application provides a heating device 1 for a stack, which includes an air filter 2, an inlet pipe of an air compressor 3 is connected to an outlet pipe of the air filter 2 through an air flow meter 4, an inlet pipe of an intercooler 5 is connected to the outlet pipe of the air compressor 3, and the intercooler 5 is connected to an inlet cooling pipe 6 and an outlet cooling pipe 7 respectively; a dry air side inlet of the humidifier 8 is connected to a first outlet pipe of the intercooler 5, and a wet air side outlet of the humidifier 8 is connected to the mixing and discharging device 9 through a backpressure valve 10; meanwhile, an air inlet of the stack 11 is connected to a dry air side outlet of the humidifier 8, and an air outlet is connected to a wet air side inlet of the humidifier 8; an inlet pipe of the preheating valve 12 is connected to a second outlet pipe of the intercooler 5, and an outlet pipe is connected to an inlet pipe of the air compressor 3; the controller 13 is electrically connected to the air flow meter 4, the air compressor 3, the preheating valve 12, the back pressure valve 10, and the stack 11, respectively.
Further, in the present embodiment, the air inlet of the stack 11 is connected to the dry air side outlet of the humidifier 8 through the stack-in temperature and pressure sensor 14, and the air outlet is connected to the wet air side inlet of the humidifier 8 through the stack-out temperature and pressure sensor 15; the controller 13 is electrically connected to the inlet temperature and pressure sensor 14 and the outlet temperature and pressure sensor 15, respectively.
It should be noted that the air filter 2 is used for filtering chemical and physical impurities in air, an outlet of the air filter 2 is connected with the air flow meter 4, the air flow meter 4 has a function of monitoring the air flow in real time and transmits a flow signal to the controller 13, an outlet of the air flow meter 4 is connected with the air compressor 3, and the controller 13 is used for adjusting the rotating speed of the air compressor 3 to realize air flow and pressure adjustment. The outlet of the air compressor 3 is connected with an intercooler 5, and the intercooler 5 is used for cooling the high-temperature gas at the outlet of the air compressor 3 to a target temperature range. A first outlet of the intercooler 5 is connected with a dry air side inlet of the humidifier 8, the humidifier 8 has a humidification function, a dry air side outlet of the humidifier 8 is connected with a stack temperature and pressure sensor 14 and then leads to an air inlet of the electric stack 11, and an outlet of the electric stack 11 is connected with a wet air side inlet of the humidifier 8 through a stack temperature and pressure sensor 15; thus, air flows out of the outlet on the wet air side of the humidifier 8, connects to the back pressure valve 10, and finally passes to the ejector 9. Meanwhile, a second outlet of the intercooler 5 is connected with a preheating valve 12 and then connected to an air inlet of the air compressor 3, and the preheating valve 12 has the functions of pressure relief and air preheating; note that the short dashed line in the figure indicates a control loop.
The preheating valve 12 is arranged on an air system branch, the preheating valve 12 has the functions of pressure relief and air preheating, and the normal-temperature steady-state operation working condition is in a closed state; when the electric pile 11 operates under the working condition of rapid power reduction and the opening of the back pressure valve 10 is rapidly reduced, the outlet flow of the air compressor 3 is rapidly reduced to cause the air compressor 3 to easily surge, and at the moment, the preheating valve 12 is controlled by the controller 13 to be opened for a certain time in a short time, so that the outlet flow reduction of the air compressor 3 can be relieved, the outlet pressure of the air compressor 3 is reduced, and the surge of the air compressor 3 is avoided; when the electric pile 11 operates under the low-temperature cold start working condition, the internal temperature of the electric pile 11 and the temperature of the cooling liquid are lower than 0 ℃, low-temperature cold start failure or too long start time easily occurs, the preheating valve 12 is opened for a certain time for a long time, a part of high-temperature air pressurized by the air compressor 3 is introduced into the air inlet of the air compressor 3, the air compressor 3 applies work to the other parts again, the time spent repeatedly is within a few seconds, and the temperature of the air at the outlet of the air compressor 3 can be increased to be higher than 100 ℃ than usual.
In addition, the present embodiment further provides a fuel cell system grading control method, which is implemented by using the above stack heating device 1, and mainly includes the following steps:
when the ambient temperature is lower than 0 ℃, the fuel cell system enters a low-temperature cold start working condition:
s1, starting the air compressor 3 to the rotation speed n1, adjusting the back pressure valve 10 to the opening V1, and simultaneously opening the preheating valve 12 to the initial opening H1, so that the air flow passing through the preheating valve 12 accounts for 18% -21% of the outlet air flow of the air compressor 3, namely the ratio can be about 20%;
s2, after the heat of the air at the outlet of the air compressor 3 is exchanged by the intercooler 5, a part of the air is regulated by the preheating valve 12 and enters the inlet of the air compressor 3 again to do work and heat up, and the temperature of the air at the outlet of the air compressor 3 is increased; meanwhile, during this period, the opening degree of the preheating valve 12 is always in the regulation state to keep the air temperature at the outlet of the air compressor 3 to reach the target control high temperature;
s3, on one hand, the heated high-temperature gas can preheat the cooling liquid passing through the inside of the intercooler 5 through the heat exchange of the intercooler 5, the cooling liquid flows into the intercooler 5 through the inlet cooling pipe 6, flows out of the outlet cooling pipe 7, finally converges into the cooling loop, enters the electric pile 11 and heats the electric pile 11; on the other hand, the preheated cooling liquid enters the humidifier 8 from the outlet of the gas side of the intercooler 5 and then enters the electric pile 11 to provide high-temperature heating gas for the electric pile 11, so that the quick temperature rise of the electric pile 11 is realized.
(II) when the ambient temperature is lower than-10 ℃:
s1, starting the air compressor 3 to the rotation speed n2, adjusting the back pressure valve 10 to the opening V2, and simultaneously opening the preheating valve 12 to the initial opening H2, so that the air flow passing through the preheating valve 12 accounts for 33% -36% of the air flow at the outlet of the air compressor 3, namely the ratio can be about 35%;
s2, after the heat of the air at the outlet of the air compressor 3 is exchanged by the intercooler 5, a part of the air is regulated by the preheating valve 12 and enters the inlet of the air compressor 3 again to do work and heat up, and the temperature of the air at the outlet of the air compressor 3 is increased; meanwhile, during this period, the opening degree of the preheating valve 12 is always in the regulation state to keep the temperature of the air at the outlet of the air compressor 3 to reach the target control high-temperature;
s3, on one hand, the heated high-temperature gas can preheat the cooling liquid passing through the inside of the intercooler 5 through the heat exchange of the intercooler 5, the cooling liquid flows into the intercooler 5 through the inlet cooling pipe 6, flows out of the outlet cooling pipe 7, finally converges into a cooling loop, enters the electric pile 11 and heats the electric pile 11; on the other hand, the heated high-temperature gas enters the humidifier 8 from the gas side outlet of the intercooler 5 and then enters the electric pile 11 to provide high-temperature heating gas for the electric pile 11, so that the quick heating of the electric pile 11 is realized.
(III) when the ambient temperature is lower than-20 ℃:
s1, starting the air compressor 3 to rotate at n3, adjusting the backpressure valve 10 to an opening V3, and simultaneously opening the preheating valve 12 to an initial opening H3, so that the air flow passing through the preheating valve 12 occupies 49-51% of the air flow at the outlet of the air compressor 3, namely the ratio can be about 50%;
s2, after the heat of the air at the outlet of the air compressor 3 is exchanged by the intercooler 5, a part of the air is regulated by the preheating valve 12 and enters the inlet of the air compressor 3 again to do work and heat up, and the temperature of the air at the outlet of the air compressor 3 is increased; meanwhile, the opening degree of the preheating valve 12 is in an adjusting state all the time during the period so as to keep the temperature of the air at the outlet of the air compressor 3 to reach the target control high-temperature;
s3, on one hand, the heated high-temperature gas can preheat the cooling liquid passing through the inside of the intercooler 5 through the heat exchange of the intercooler 5, the cooling liquid flows into the intercooler 5 through the inlet cooling pipe 6, flows out of the outlet cooling pipe 7, finally converges into a cooling loop, enters the electric pile 11 and heats the electric pile 11; on the other hand, the gas enters the humidifier 8 from the gas side outlet of the intercooler 5 and then enters the electric pile 11 to provide high-temperature heating gas for the electric pile 11, so that the quick temperature rise of the electric pile 11 is realized.
In the electric pile heating device 1, the preheating valve 12 is adopted to adjust air circulation at the outlet of the air compressor 3 and the air is heated in the air compressor 3, the air temperature at the outlet of the air compressor 3 can be quickly increased and is higher than that in the prior art by more than 100 ℃, on one hand, the high-temperature air can quickly heat cooling liquid inside the intercooler 5, the cooling liquid is finally converged into the cooling loop and enters the electric pile 11 to increase the temperature of the electric pile 11, on the other hand, the high-temperature air directly enters the electric pile 11 through the humidifier 8 to heat the electric pile 11, so that the temperature rising process of the electric pile 11 can be quickly accelerated; in addition, the high-temperature air means a higher saturated vapor pressure, which can take away more water generated by the chemical reaction inside the stack 11, thereby further reducing the internal resistance of the stack 11, accelerating the chemical reaction inside the stack 11, and shortening the low-temperature cold start time of the fuel cell system. In addition, the device does not adopt an external heat source, and occupies small space, thereby effectively reducing the power consumption of the low-temperature cold start of the whole fuel cell system.
Second embodiment:
referring to fig. 2, the present application provides a heating device 1 for a stack, which includes an air filter 2; an air inlet pipe of the air compressor 3 is connected with an outlet pipe of the air filter 2 through an air flow meter 4; an inlet pipe of the intercooler 5 is connected with an outlet pipe of the air compressor 3, and the intercooler 5 is respectively connected with an inlet cooling pipe 6 and an outlet cooling pipe 7; an inlet pipe of the preheating valve 12 is connected to an outlet pipe of the intercooler 5, and a second outlet pipe is connected to an inlet pipe of the air compressor 3; the dry air side inlet of the humidifier 8 is connected to the first outlet pipe of the preheating valve 12, and the wet air side outlet of the humidifier 8 is connected to the mixing and discharging device 9 through the backpressure valve 10; the air inlet of the cell stack 11 is connected to the dry air side outlet of the humidifier 8, and the air outlet is connected to the wet air side inlet of the humidifier 8; the controller 13 is electrically connected to the air flow meter 4, the air compressor 3, the preheating valve 12, the back pressure valve 10, and the stack 11, respectively.
Further, in the present embodiment, the air inlet of the stack 11 is connected to the dry air side outlet of the humidifier 8 through the stack-in temperature and pressure sensor 14, and the air outlet is connected to the wet air side inlet of the humidifier 8 through the stack-out temperature and pressure sensor 15; the controller 13 is electrically connected to the inlet temperature and pressure sensor 14 and the outlet temperature and pressure sensor 15, respectively.
It should be noted that the preheating valve 12 is arranged in the main loop of the air system, an inlet of the preheating valve 12 is connected to an outlet of the intercooler 5, a first outlet of the preheating valve 12 is connected to a dry air side inlet of the humidifier 8, and a second outlet of the preheating valve 12 is connected to an air inlet of the air compressor 3. The preheating valve 12 has the functions of pressure relief and air preheating, and under the normal-temperature steady-state working condition, the inlet and the first outlet of the preheating valve 12 are in a normally open state, and the inlet and the second outlet are in a normally closed state which is not communicated. When the electric pile 11 operates under the working condition of rapid power reduction and the opening of the back pressure valve 10 is rapidly reduced, the outlet flow of the air compressor 3 is rapidly reduced, so that the air compressor 3 is easy to surge, and at the moment, the preheating valve 12 is opened for a certain time for a short time, so that the outlet flow reduction of the air compressor 3 can be relieved, the outlet pressure of the air compressor 3 is reduced, and the surge of the air compressor 3 is avoided; when the electric pile 11 operates under the low-temperature cold start working condition, the internal temperature of the electric pile 11 and the temperature of the cooling liquid are lower than 0 ℃, low-temperature cold start failure or too long start time easily occurs, the preheating valve 12 is opened for a certain time for a long time, a part of high-temperature air pressurized by the air compressor 3 is introduced into the air inlet of the air compressor 3, the air compressor 3 applies work to the other parts again, the time spent repeatedly is within a few seconds, and the temperature of the air at the outlet of the air compressor 3 can be increased to be higher than 100 ℃ than usual.
In addition, the present embodiment further provides a fuel cell system hierarchical control method, which is implemented by using the above stack heating apparatus 1, and the control method mainly includes the following steps:
when the ambient temperature is lower than 0 ℃, the fuel cell system enters a low-temperature cold start working condition:
s1, starting the air compressor 3 to the rotation speed n1, adjusting the back pressure valve 10 to the opening V1, and simultaneously opening the preheating valve 12 to the initial opening H1, so that the air flow passing through the preheating valve 12 accounts for 18% -21% of the outlet air flow of the air compressor 3, namely the ratio can be about 20%;
s2, after the heat of the air at the outlet of the air compressor 3 is exchanged by the intercooler 5, a part of the air is regulated by the preheating valve 12 and enters the inlet of the air compressor 3 again to do work and heat up, and the temperature of the air at the outlet of the air compressor 3 is increased; meanwhile, during this period, the opening degree of the preheating valve 12 is always in the regulation state to keep the air temperature at the outlet of the air compressor 3 to reach the target control high temperature;
s3, on one hand, the heated high-temperature gas can preheat the cooling liquid passing through the inside of the intercooler 5 through the heat exchange of the intercooler 5, the cooling liquid flows into the intercooler 5 through the inlet cooling pipe 6, flows out of the outlet cooling pipe 7, finally converges into the cooling loop, enters the electric pile 11 and heats the electric pile 11; on the other hand, the preheated cooling liquid enters the humidifier 8 from the outlet of the gas side of the intercooler 5 and then enters the electric pile 11 to provide high-temperature heating gas for the electric pile 11, so that the quick temperature rise of the electric pile 11 is realized.
(II) when the ambient temperature is lower than-10 ℃:
s1, when the environment temperature is lower than-10 ℃, starting the air compressor 3 to rotate at n2, adjusting the back pressure valve 10 to an opening V2, and simultaneously opening the preheating valve 12 to an initial opening H2, so that the air flow passing through the preheating valve 12 occupies 33-36% of the air flow at the outlet of the air compressor 3, namely the ratio can be about 35%;
s2, after the heat of the air at the outlet of the air compressor 3 is exchanged by the intercooler 5, a part of the air is regulated by the preheating valve 12 and enters the inlet of the air compressor 3 again to do work and heat up, and the temperature of the air at the outlet of the air compressor 3 is increased; meanwhile, during this period, the opening degree of the preheating valve 12 is always in the regulation state to keep the temperature of the air at the outlet of the air compressor 3 to reach the target control high-temperature;
s3, on one hand, the heated high-temperature gas can preheat the cooling liquid passing through the inside of the intercooler 5 through the heat exchange of the intercooler 5, the cooling liquid flows into the intercooler 5 through the inlet cooling pipe 6, flows out of the outlet cooling pipe 7, finally converges into a cooling loop, enters the electric pile 11 and heats the electric pile 11; on the other hand, the heated high-temperature gas enters the humidifier 8 from the gas side outlet of the intercooler 5 and then enters the electric pile 11 to provide high-temperature heating gas for the electric pile 11, so that the quick heating of the electric pile 11 is realized.
(III) when the ambient temperature is lower than-20 ℃:
s1, when the environment temperature is lower than-20 ℃, starting the air compressor 3 to rotate at n3, adjusting the back pressure valve 10 to an opening V3, and simultaneously opening the preheating valve 12 to an initial opening H3, so that the air flow passing through the preheating valve 12 occupies 49-51% of the air flow at the outlet of the air compressor 3, namely the ratio can be about 50%;
s2, after the heat of the air at the outlet of the air compressor 3 is exchanged by the intercooler 5, a part of the air is regulated by the preheating valve 12 and enters the inlet of the air compressor 3 again to do work and heat up, and the temperature of the air at the outlet of the air compressor 3 is increased; meanwhile, the opening degree of the preheating valve 12 is in an adjusting state all the time during the period so as to keep the temperature of the air at the outlet of the air compressor 3 to reach the target control high-temperature;
s3, on one hand, the heated high-temperature gas can preheat the cooling liquid passing through the inside of the intercooler 5 through the heat exchange of the intercooler 5, the cooling liquid flows into the intercooler 5 through the inlet cooling pipe 6, flows out of the outlet cooling pipe 7, finally converges into a cooling loop, enters the electric pile 11 and heats the electric pile 11; on the other hand, the gas enters the humidifier 8 from the gas side outlet of the intercooler 5 and then enters the electric pile 11 to provide high-temperature heating gas for the electric pile 11, so that the quick temperature rise of the electric pile 11 is realized.
Therefore, the fuel cell system is started at low temperature under different environmental temperature conditions, the controller 13 adjusts the opening degree of the preheating valve 12 to control the air flow rate ratio flowing through the preheating valve 12, and finally, in order to control the outlet air temperature of the air compressor 3 to reach the target temperature, the temperature rising speed of the electric pile 11 is increased, a large amount of water generated by chemical reaction in the electric pile 11 is rapidly taken away, and the low-temperature cold start time of the fuel cell system is shortened.
The third embodiment:
referring to fig. 3, the present application provides a heating device 1 for a stack, which mainly includes an air filter 2; an air inlet pipe of the air compressor 3 is connected with an outlet pipe of the air filter 2 through an air flow meter 4; an inlet pipe of the intercooler 5 is connected with an outlet pipe of the air compressor 3, and the intercooler 5 is respectively connected with an inlet cooling pipe 6 and an outlet cooling pipe 7; a dry air side inlet of the humidifier 8 is connected to a first outlet pipe of the intercooler 5; a preheating valve 12, wherein an inlet pipe of the preheating valve 12 is connected to a second outlet pipe of the intercooler 5, and a first outlet pipe is connected to an inlet pipe of the air compressor 3; the wet air side outlet of the humidifier 8 is connected to the mixing and discharging device 9 through a back pressure valve 10, and the second outlet pipe of the preheating valve 12 is connected to the mixing and discharging device 9; the air inlet of the cell stack 11 is connected to the dry air side outlet of the humidifier 8, and the air outlet is connected to the wet air side inlet of the humidifier 8; the controller 13 is electrically connected to the air flow meter 4, the air compressor 3, the preheating valve 12, the back pressure valve 10, and the stack 11, respectively.
Further, in the present embodiment, the air inlet of the stack 11 is connected to the dry air side outlet of the humidifier 8 through the stack-in temperature and pressure sensor 14, and the air outlet is connected to the wet air side inlet of the humidifier 8 through the stack-out temperature and pressure sensor 15; the controller 13 is electrically connected to the inlet temperature and pressure sensor 14 and the outlet temperature and pressure sensor 15, respectively.
A first outlet of the intercooler 5 is connected with a dry air side inlet of the humidifier 8, the humidifier 8 has a humidification function, a dry air side outlet of the humidifier is connected with a stack temperature and pressure sensor 14 and then leads to an air inlet of the electric stack 11, an outlet of the electric stack 11 is connected with a wet air side inlet of the humidifier 8 through a stack temperature and pressure sensor 15, and flows out from a wet air side outlet of the humidifier 8 and then is connected with a back pressure valve 10, and finally leads to the mixing and discharging device 9; a second outlet of the intercooler 5 is connected with an inlet of a preheating valve 12, a first outlet of the preheating valve 12 is connected with an air inlet of the air compressor 3, a second outlet of the preheating valve 12 is connected with the mixing and exhausting device 9, and the preheating valve 12 has the functions of pressure relief and air preheating; note that the short dashed line in the figure indicates a control loop.
In addition, the present embodiment further provides a fuel cell system hierarchical control method, which is mainly implemented by the above stack heating apparatus 1, and the control method mainly includes the following steps:
when the ambient temperature is lower than 0 ℃, the fuel cell system enters a low-temperature cold start working condition:
s1, starting the air compressor 3 to a rotation speed n1, adjusting the back pressure valve 10 to an opening V1, simultaneously opening the preheating valve 12 to an initial opening H1, opening a first outlet pipe of the preheating valve 12, closing a second outlet pipe of the preheating valve 12, and enabling the air flow flowing through the preheating valve 12 at the opening H1 to be about 18% -21% of the outlet air flow of the duty compressor 3, wherein the air flow can be about 20%;
s2, after the heat of the air at the outlet of the air compressor 3 is exchanged by the intercooler 5, a part of the air is regulated by the preheating valve 12 and enters the inlet of the air compressor 3 again to do work and heat up, and the temperature of the air at the outlet of the air compressor 3 is increased; meanwhile, during this period, the opening degree of the preheating valve 12 is always in the regulation state to keep the air temperature at the outlet of the air compressor 3 to reach the target control high temperature;
s3, on one hand, the heated high-temperature gas can preheat the cooling liquid passing through the inside of the intercooler 5 through the heat exchange of the intercooler 5, the cooling liquid flows into the intercooler 5 through the inlet cooling pipe 6, flows out of the outlet cooling pipe 7, finally converges into a cooling loop, enters the electric pile 11 and heats the electric pile 11; on the other hand, the gas enters the humidifier 8 from the gas side outlet of the intercooler 5 and then enters the electric pile 11 to provide high-temperature heating gas for the electric pile 11, so that the electric pile 11 is heated rapidly.
(II) when the ambient temperature is lower than-10 ℃:
s1, starting the air compressor 3 to a rotation speed n2, adjusting the back pressure valve 10 to an opening V2, simultaneously opening the preheating valve 12 to an initial opening H2, opening a first outlet pipe of the preheating valve 12, closing a second outlet pipe of the preheating valve 12, and enabling the air flow flowing through the preheating valve 12 at the opening H2 to be about 33% -36% of the air flow at the outlet of the air compressor 3, wherein the air flow can be about 35%;
s2, after the heat of the air at the outlet of the air compressor 3 is exchanged by the intercooler 5, a part of the air is regulated by the preheating valve 12 and enters the inlet of the air compressor 3 again to do work and heat up, and the temperature of the air at the outlet of the air compressor 3 is increased; meanwhile, during this period, the opening degree of the preheating valve 12 is always in the regulation state to keep the air temperature at the outlet of the air compressor 3 to reach the target control high temperature;
s3, on one hand, the heated high-temperature gas can preheat the cooling liquid passing through the inside of the intercooler 5 through the heat exchange of the intercooler 5, the cooling liquid flows into the intercooler 5 through the inlet cooling pipe 6, flows out of the outlet cooling pipe 7, finally converges into a cooling loop, enters the electric pile 11 and heats the electric pile 11; on the other hand, the gas enters the humidifier 8 from the gas side outlet of the intercooler 5 and then enters the electric pile 11 to provide high-temperature heating gas for the electric pile 11, so that the electric pile 11 is heated rapidly.
And (III) when the ambient temperature is lower than-20 ℃, the fuel cell system enters a low-temperature cold start working condition:
s1, starting the air compressor 3 to a rotation speed n3, adjusting the back pressure valve 10 to an opening V3, simultaneously opening the preheating valve 12 to an initial opening H3, opening a first outlet pipe of the preheating valve 12, closing a second outlet pipe of the preheating valve 12, and enabling the air flow flowing through the preheating valve 12 at the opening H3 to be about 49-51% of the air flow at the outlet of the air compressor 3, namely about 50%;
s2, after the heat of the air at the outlet of the air compressor 3 is exchanged by the intercooler 5, a part of air is regulated by the preheating valve 12 and enters the inlet of the air compressor 3 again to do work and heat up, and the temperature of the air at the outlet of the air compressor 3 is increased; meanwhile, during this period, the opening degree of the preheating valve 12 is always in the regulation state to keep the air temperature at the outlet of the air compressor 3 to reach the target control high temperature;
s3, on one hand, the heated high-temperature gas can preheat the cooling liquid passing through the inside of the intercooler 5 through the heat exchange of the intercooler 5, the cooling liquid flows into the intercooler 5 through the inlet cooling pipe 6, flows out of the outlet cooling pipe 7, finally converges into a cooling loop, enters the electric pile 11 and heats the electric pile 11; on the other hand, the gas enters the humidifier 8 from the gas side outlet of the intercooler 5 and then enters the electric pile 11 to provide high-temperature heating gas for the electric pile 11, so that the electric pile 11 is heated rapidly.
In addition, the device also has a function of graded surge control.
When the ambient temperature is above 0 ℃, the fuel cell system enters a dynamic operation condition after being successfully started, the load power of the electric pile 11 changes in a large range, and the frequent linkage adjustment of the rotating speed of the air compressor 3 and the opening degree of the backpressure valve 10 occurs, so that the flow of the air compressor 3 is sharply reduced, and the air compressor 3 is surged. At this time, the preheating valve 12 can play a role in pressure relief and surge prevention; the specific operation method comprises the following steps:
(1) when the controller 13 monitors that the rate of the power demand of the electric pile 11 from big to small is greater than a set value a1, and the change rate of the back pressure valve 10 is greater than a design value b1, the preheating valve 12 is opened, the opening degree is adjusted to ensure that the inlet of the preheating valve 12 is only communicated with the second outlet and is not communicated with the first outlet, the surplus air flow is bypassed to the mixing and exhausting device 9 without flowing through the electric pile 11, so that the flow of the air compressor 3 is not rapidly reduced, and the surge is improved;
(2) when the controller 13 monitors that the rate of the power demand of the electric pile 11 from big to small is greater than a set value a2(a2 is greater than a1), and the change rate of the backpressure valve 10 is greater than a design value b2(b2 is greater than b1), the preheating valve 12 is opened, the opening degree is adjusted to enable the inlet of the preheating valve 12 to be simultaneously communicated with the first outlet and the second outlet, a part of surplus air flow does not flow through the electric pile 11 and bypasses the electric pile 11 to the mixing and discharging device 9, and the other part of surplus air enters the inlet of the air compressor 3 from the beginning to circulate, so that the flow of the air compressor 3 is not rapidly reduced, and surging is improved;
(3) when the controller 13 monitors that the rate of the power demand of the cell stack 11 from large to small is greater than a set value a3(a3 is greater than a2), and the change rate of the back pressure valve 10 is greater than a designed value b3(b3 is greater than b2), the preheating valve 12 is opened, the opening degree is adjusted to enable the inlet of the preheating valve 12 to be only communicated with the first outlet and not communicated with the second outlet, a part of surplus air enters the inlet of the air compressor 3 from new time to circulate, the flow of the air compressor 3 is prevented from being rapidly reduced, and meanwhile, the air pressure is greatly reduced, so that the surge of the air compressor 3 is improved.
The reason for achieving the above-mentioned effect is that the inlet of the preheating valve 12 is only communicated with the second outlet and is not communicated with the first outlet, most of the flow and less part of the pressure of the outlet of the air compressor 3 can be bypassed, the flow of the air compressor 3 can be kept unchanged or slowly reduced to avoid surging, and meanwhile, the air pressure is reduced less, so that the requirement of the pile entering pressure of the pile 11 is met, and the efficient work of the pile 11 can be kept. Meanwhile, the inlet of the preheating valve 12 is only communicated with the first outlet and is not communicated with the second outlet, most of flow and most of pressure can be bypassed, the flow of the air compressor 3 can be kept unchanged or slowly increased, and meanwhile, the air pressure is reduced more, so that surging is avoided, the anti-surging effect is better, the pile-entering pressure of the electric pile 11 can be greatly reduced, the working efficiency of the electric pile 11 is reduced, and therefore the air compressor 3 surging stage control needs to be strictly carried out according to the method.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (6)
1. A fuel cell system grading control method is characterized in that a galvanic pile heating device is adopted for control, and the galvanic pile heating device comprises an air filter; the air inlet pipe of the air compressor is connected to the outlet pipe of the air filter through an air flow meter; an inlet pipe of the intercooler is connected with an outlet pipe of the air compressor, and an inlet cooling pipe and an outlet cooling pipe are respectively connected to the intercooler; a humidifier, a dry air side inlet of the humidifier being connected to a first outlet pipe of the intercooler; the wet air side outlet of the humidifier is connected with the mixing and discharging device through a back pressure valve; a stack having an air inlet connected to the dry air side outlet of the humidifier and an air outlet connected to the wet air side inlet of the humidifier; the inlet pipe of the preheating valve is connected to the second outlet pipe of the intercooler, and the outlet pipe of the preheating valve is connected to the air inlet pipe of the air compressor; the controller is electrically connected with the air flow meter, the air compressor, the preheating valve, the back pressure valve and the electric pile respectively; the fuel cell system hierarchical control method includes the steps of:
s1, when the ambient temperature is lower than 0 ℃, starting the air compressor to a rotating speed n1, adjusting the back pressure valve to an opening V1, and simultaneously opening the preheating valve to an initial opening H1 to enable the air flow passing through the preheating valve to account for 18% -21% of the air flow at the outlet of the air compressor; when the ambient temperature is lower than-10 ℃, starting the air compressor to rotate at n2, adjusting the back pressure valve to an opening V2, and simultaneously opening the preheating valve to an initial opening H2 to enable the air flow passing through the preheating valve to account for 33-36% of the air flow at the outlet of the air compressor; when the ambient temperature is lower than-20 ℃, starting the air compressor to rotate at n3, adjusting the back pressure valve to an opening V3, and simultaneously opening the preheating valve to an initial opening H3 to enable the air flow passing through the preheating valve to account for 49-51% of the air flow at the outlet of the air compressor;
s2, after heat exchange is carried out on air from the outlet of the air compressor through the intercooler, a part of air enters the preheating valve, is regulated by the preheating valve and then enters the air compressor again to be heated;
s3, preheating cooling liquid in the intercooler by a part of high-temperature gas heated by the air compressor, converging the preheated cooling liquid into a cooling loop through the outlet cooling pipe, then entering the electric pile, and heating the electric pile; and the other part of high-temperature gas heated by the air compressor enters the electric pile through the humidifier and heats the electric pile.
2. The fuel cell system staging control method according to claim 1, wherein the air inlet of the stack is connected to the dry air side outlet of the humidifier through an in-stack temperature pressure sensor, and the air outlet is connected to the wet air side inlet of the humidifier through an out-stack temperature pressure sensor; the controller is respectively and electrically connected with the reactor inlet temperature and pressure sensor and the reactor outlet temperature and pressure sensor.
3. A fuel cell system grading control method is characterized in that a galvanic pile heating device is adopted for control, and the galvanic pile heating device comprises an air filter; the air inlet pipe of the air compressor is connected to the outlet pipe of the air filter through an air flow meter; an inlet pipe of the intercooler is connected with an outlet pipe of the air compressor, and an inlet cooling pipe and an outlet cooling pipe are respectively connected to the intercooler; an inlet pipe of the preheating valve is connected to an outlet pipe of the intercooler, and a second outlet pipe of the preheating valve is connected to an inlet pipe of the air compressor; a humidifier having a dry air side inlet connected to a first outlet pipe of the pre-heating valve; the wet air side outlet of the humidifier is connected with the mixing and discharging device through a back pressure valve; a stack having an air inlet connected to the dry air side outlet of the humidifier and an air outlet connected to the wet air side inlet of the humidifier; the controller is electrically connected with the air flow meter, the air compressor, the preheating valve, the back pressure valve and the electric pile respectively; the fuel cell system hierarchical control method includes the steps of:
s1, when the ambient temperature is lower than 0 ℃, starting the air compressor to a rotating speed n1, adjusting the back pressure valve to an opening V1, and simultaneously opening the preheating valve to an initial opening H1 to enable the air flow passing through the preheating valve to account for 18% -21% of the air flow at the outlet of the air compressor; when the ambient temperature is lower than-10 ℃, starting the air compressor to rotate at n2, adjusting the back pressure valve to an opening V2, and simultaneously opening the preheating valve to an initial opening H2 to enable the air flow passing through the preheating valve to account for 33-36% of the air flow at the outlet of the air compressor; when the ambient temperature is lower than-20 ℃, starting the air compressor to rotate at n3, adjusting the back pressure valve to an opening V3, and simultaneously opening the preheating valve to an initial opening H3 to enable the air flow passing through the preheating valve to account for 49-51% of the air flow at the outlet of the air compressor;
s2, after heat exchange is carried out on air from the outlet of the air compressor through the intercooler, a part of air enters the preheating valve, is regulated by the preheating valve and then enters the air compressor again to be heated;
s3, preheating cooling liquid in the intercooler by a part of high-temperature gas heated by the air compressor, converging the preheated cooling liquid into a cooling loop through the outlet cooling pipe, then entering the electric pile, and heating the electric pile; and the other part of high-temperature gas heated by the air compressor enters the electric pile through the humidifier and heats the electric pile.
4. The fuel cell system staging control method according to claim 3, wherein the air inlet of the stack is connected to the dry air-side outlet of the humidifier via an in-stack temperature pressure sensor, and the air outlet is connected to the wet air-side inlet of the humidifier via an out-stack temperature pressure sensor; the controller is respectively and electrically connected with the reactor inlet temperature and pressure sensor and the reactor outlet temperature and pressure sensor.
5. A fuel cell system grading control method is characterized in that a galvanic pile heating device is adopted for control, and the galvanic pile heating device comprises an air filter; the air inlet pipe of the air compressor is connected to the outlet pipe of the air filter through an air flow meter; an inlet pipe of the intercooler is connected with an outlet pipe of the air compressor, and an inlet cooling pipe and an outlet cooling pipe are respectively connected to the intercooler; a humidifier, a dry air side inlet of the humidifier being connected to a first outlet pipe of the intercooler; the inlet pipe of the preheating valve is connected to the second outlet pipe of the intercooler, and the first outlet pipe of the preheating valve is connected to the air inlet pipe of the air compressor; the wet air side outlet of the humidifier is connected with the mixing and discharging device through a back pressure valve, and a second outlet pipe of the preheating valve is connected with the mixing and discharging device; a stack having an air inlet connected to the dry air side outlet of the humidifier and an air outlet connected to the wet air side inlet of the humidifier; the controller is electrically connected with the air flow meter, the air compressor, the preheating valve, the back pressure valve and the electric pile respectively; the fuel cell system hierarchical control method includes the steps of:
s1, when the environmental temperature is lower than 0 ℃, starting the air compressor to the rotating speed n1, adjusting the back pressure valve to the opening V1, simultaneously opening the preheating valve to an initial opening degree H1, opening a first outlet pipe of the preheating valve, closing a second outlet pipe of the preheating valve, the air flow passing through the preheating valve accounts for 18% -21% of the air flow at the outlet of the air compressor, after the air at the outlet of the air compressor exchanges heat in the intercooler, a part of air enters the preheating valve, the cooling liquid is adjusted by the preheating valve and then enters the air compressor again to be heated, a part of high-temperature gas heated by the air compressor preheats the cooling liquid in the intercooler, and the preheated cooling liquid is converged into a cooling loop through the outlet cooling pipe, then enters the electric pile and heats the electric pile; the other part of high-temperature gas heated by the air compressor enters the galvanic pile through the humidifier and heats the galvanic pile; when the ambient temperature is lower than-10 ℃, starting the air compressor to rotate at n2, adjusting the back pressure valve to an opening V2, simultaneously opening the preheating valve to an initial opening degree H2, opening a first outlet pipe of the preheating valve, closing a second outlet pipe of the preheating valve to enable the air flow passing through the preheating valve to account for 33% -36% of the air flow at the outlet of the air compressor, enabling a part of air to enter the preheating valve after the air at the outlet of the air compressor exchanges heat in the intercooler, the cooling liquid is adjusted by the preheating valve and then enters the air compressor again to be heated, a part of high-temperature gas heated by the air compressor preheats the cooling liquid in the intercooler, and the preheated cooling liquid is converged into a cooling loop through the outlet cooling pipe, then enters the electric pile and heats the electric pile; the other part of high-temperature gas heated by the air compressor enters the galvanic pile through the humidifier and heats the galvanic pile; when the ambient temperature is lower than-20 ℃, starting the air compressor to rotate at the speed of n3, adjusting the back pressure valve to the opening V3, simultaneously opening the preheating valve to an initial opening degree H3, opening a first outlet pipe of the preheating valve, closing a second outlet pipe of the preheating valve to enable the air flow passing through the preheating valve to account for 49% -51% of the air flow at the outlet of the air compressor, enabling a part of air to enter the preheating valve after the air at the outlet of the air compressor exchanges heat in the intercooler, the cooling liquid is adjusted by the preheating valve and then enters the air compressor again to be heated, a part of high-temperature gas heated by the air compressor preheats the cooling liquid in the intercooler, and the preheated cooling liquid is converged into a cooling loop through the outlet cooling pipe, then enters the electric pile and heats the electric pile; the other part of high-temperature gas heated by the air compressor enters the galvanic pile through the humidifier and heats the galvanic pile; when the ambient temperature is more than 0 ℃, when the controller monitors that the rate of the power demand of the cell stack from large to small is greater than a set value a1 and the change rate of the back pressure valve is greater than a design value b1, the controller opens the preheating valve, adjusts the opening degree to close a first outlet pipe of the preheating valve and open a second outlet pipe of the preheating valve, and bypasses the surplus air flow in the preheating valve to the mixing and discharging device without flowing through the cell stack, when the controller monitors that the rate of the power demand of the cell stack from large to small is greater than a set value a2 and a2 is greater than a1 and the change rate of the back pressure valve is greater than a design value b2 and b2 is greater than b1, the controller opens the preheating valve, adjusts the opening degree to simultaneously open the first outlet pipe of the preheating valve and the second outlet pipe of the preheating valve, and bypasses a part of the surplus air flow in the preheating valve to the mixing and discharging device without flowing through the cell stack, when the controller monitors that the rate of the power demand of the cell stack from large to small is greater than a set value a3 and a3 is greater than a2, and the change rate of the back pressure valve is greater than a designed value b3 and b3 is greater than b2, the preheating valve is opened, the opening degree is adjusted to open a first outlet pipe of the preheating valve and close a second outlet pipe of the preheating valve, and a part of the surplus air enters the air compressor again for circulation.
6. The fuel cell system staging control method according to claim 5, wherein the air inlet of the stack is connected to the dry air-side outlet of the humidifier via an in-stack temperature pressure sensor, and the air outlet is connected to the wet air-side inlet of the humidifier via an out-stack temperature pressure sensor; the controller is respectively and electrically connected with the reactor inlet temperature and pressure sensor and the reactor outlet temperature and pressure sensor.
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| CN114142066B (en) * | 2021-10-15 | 2023-09-26 | 东风汽车集团股份有限公司 | Fuel cell cold start system, method and vehicle |
| CN114744238B (en) * | 2022-04-22 | 2024-04-26 | 大洋电机燃料电池科技(中山)有限公司 | Fuel cell system and control method |
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| CN110649283A (en) * | 2018-06-26 | 2020-01-03 | 国家电投集团氢能科技发展有限公司 | Fuel cell system and low-temperature starting method thereof |
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| DE102013221615A1 (en) * | 2013-10-24 | 2015-04-30 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | fuel cell device |
| KR101592656B1 (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2016-02-18 | 현대자동차주식회사 | Air supply apparatus and method for fuel cell |
| US10347928B2 (en) * | 2016-05-19 | 2019-07-09 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Air control system and method for fuel cell stack system |
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| CN109786790B (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2024-02-23 | 佛山市清极能源科技有限公司 | Fuel cell system capable of being started and stopped at low temperature and control method thereof |
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| CN209344234U (en) * | 2019-01-17 | 2019-09-03 | 河南豫氢动力有限公司 | A kind of pneumatic control device of the quick heat engine of fuel cell system |
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