CN109777440B - Low-energy environment-friendly saline-alkali soil conditioner and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Low-energy environment-friendly saline-alkali soil conditioner and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a low-energy environment-friendly saline-alkali soil conditioner and a preparation method thereof, wherein the low-energy environment-friendly saline-alkali soil conditioner is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 43-52 parts of fruit kernel powder, 27-31 parts of shrimp shell powder and 21-26 parts of polyhalite leaching residue powder. The raw materials adopted by the low-energy environment-friendly saline-alkali soil conditioner are byproducts of all production lines, the cost is low, and the energy consumption in the preparation process is low, so that the low-energy environment-friendly saline-alkali soil conditioner has the advantages of low energy consumption and environmental friendliness; but also can effectively replace sodium ions in the saline-alkali soil, reduce the pH value of the soil and improve the soil structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of saline-alkali soil improvement, in particular to a low-energy environment-friendly saline-alkali soil conditioner and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Saline-alkali soil is soil formed by directly participating in the formation process of soil and taking the salt (alkalization) process as the leading action under the comprehensive action of various natural environments and artificial activities, and is a general term of saline soil, alkaline earth and various salinized and alkalized soils. Saline-alkali soil contains a large amount of soluble salts, so that a strong alkaline environment is easily formed, the physiological function and normal growth of crops are influenced, and the problems of soil hardening, poor drainage and the like are easily caused by destroying the granular structure of the soil. The second soil general survey data in China shows that the total area of Chinese saline-alkali soil resources is about 35.13 km2With the growing population of china and the increasing demand for food and fiber, a larger area of saline-alkali soil will need to be planted in the future.
At the present stage, the saline-alkali soil improvement measures can be roughly divided into chemical improvement, plant improvement, engineering measure improvement and cultivation measure improvement. The chemical measures mainly have two improvement effects: soil particles are agglomerated, the soil structure is improved, exchangeable sodium in the soil is replaced, and salt leaching is promoted; the plant improvement is realized by planting salt-tolerant plants, reducing the salinity of soil in the growth process of the plants and improving the physical and chemical properties of the soil; the engineering measures can be that according to the water and salt movement characteristics of the saline-alkali soil, salt washing and salt elimination processes of the saline-alkali soil are carried out in the modes of continuous irrigation, intermittent irrigation, spraying and the like by building related water conservancy facilities; the cultivation measures mainly comprise no-tillage, deep tillage, covering measures, salt separation measures and land leveling, and the effect of inhibiting salt return can be achieved.
The chemical improvement is one of the current saline-alkali soil improvement measures, has the characteristics of simplicity, convenience and quickness, and can provide Ca according to the property of the improver2+To replace Na on soil colloid+The calcium-containing type modifier and the acidic modifier can neutralize the soil and reduce the pH value of the soil. The inorganic salt modifier occupies a large market percentage, wherein the most widely used modifier is phosphogypsum, and calcium ion energy generated by dissolution of phosphogypsumExchange with sodium ions in soil and have certain capability of reducing the pH value of the soil, but the improvement effect on the soil structure is little. Research shows that if the soil has no proper structure, the capillary action easily causes deep salt to migrate and accumulate on the surface soil, and the soil is salinized again.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the prior art, the invention aims to provide a low-energy environment-friendly saline-alkali soil conditioner and a preparation method thereof. The raw materials adopted by the low-energy environment-friendly saline-alkali soil conditioner are byproducts of all production lines, the cost is low, and the energy consumption in the preparation process is low, so that the low-energy environment-friendly saline-alkali soil conditioner has the advantages of low energy consumption and environmental friendliness; but also can effectively replace sodium ions in the saline-alkali soil, reduce the pH value of the soil and improve the soil structure.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a low-energy environment-friendly saline-alkali soil conditioner, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
43-52 parts of fruit kernel powder, 27-31 parts of shrimp shell powder and 21-26 parts of polyhalite leaching residue powder.
Preferably, the low-energy environment-friendly saline-alkali soil conditioner is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
43 parts of fruit kernel powder, 31 parts of shrimp shell powder and 26 parts of polyhalite leaching filter residue powder.
Preferably, the fruit kernel powder is prepared by drying one or more of hawthorn kernel, yellow peach kernel, apricot kernel and waxberry kernel, crushing and sieving. More preferably, the powder is ground and then sieved through a 100 mesh sieve.
Preferably, the shrimp shell powder is prepared by the following method:
drying shrimp shell, pulverizing, sieving, adding dilute sulfuric acid until no bubble is generated, and drying at low temperature to obtain shrimp shell powder.
More preferably, the powder is ground and then sieved through a 100 mesh sieve.
More preferably, the concentration of the dilute sulfuric acid is 0.1mol/L, and calcium carbonate in the shrimp shells can be removed.
Preferably, the polyhalite leaching residue powder is prepared by the following method:
soaking polyhalite in hot water, CaCl2Leaching, Ca (OH)2And (3) taking filter residues obtained after leaching or roasting for preparing potassium sulfate as raw materials, crushing, sieving, adding water for dissolving and stirring for 5min, adding dilute sulfuric acid for adjusting the pH value to 5-6, then continuously stirring for 10min, filtering and drying to form polyhalite leaching filter residue powder.
More preferably, the crushed material is sieved through a 200 mesh sieve.
More preferably, the water-material ratio is 5: 1, adding water to remove Cl in the filter residue-And dissolving and filtering soluble ions.
More preferably, the concentration of the dilute sulfuric acid is 0.1mol/L, and the effect of reducing the pH value of the polyhalite leaching filter residue is achieved.
The fruit stones are preferably waste fruit stones produced by fruit can processing plants and the like; the shrimp shell is preferably waste shrimp shell produced in a shrimp meat processing factory and the like; the raw materials are byproducts of various production lines, the raw material cost is low, the byproducts can be recycled, and the method is economical and environment-friendly.
The invention provides a preparation method of the low-energy environment-friendly saline-alkali soil conditioner, which comprises the following steps:
(1) drying fruit kernels, crushing and sieving the fruit kernels with a 100-mesh sieve to form fruit kernel powder;
(2) drying shrimp shells, crushing, sieving with a 100-mesh sieve, adding 0.1mol/L dilute sulfuric acid until no bubbles are generated, and drying at low temperature to form shrimp shell powder;
(3) soaking polyhalite in hot water, CaCl2Leaching, Ca (OH)2The filter residue after the potassium sulfate is prepared by leaching or roasting is taken as a raw material, crushed and sieved by a 200-mesh sieve according to the weight ratio of 5: 1, adding water to dissolve the raw materials, stirring for 5min, adding 0.1mol/L dilute sulfuric acid to adjust the pH value to 5-6, then continuously stirring for 10min, filtering and drying to form polyhalite leaching residue powder;
(4) and uniformly mixing the fruit kernel powder, the shrimp shell powder and the polyhalite leaching residue powder to prepare the low-energy environment-friendly saline-alkali soil conditioner.
In a third aspect of the invention, the invention provides an application of the low-energy environment-friendly saline-alkali soil conditioner in at least one of the following 1) to 3):
1) the pH value of the saline-alkali soil and the concentration of exchangeable sodium ions are reduced;
2) promoting the formation of large water-stable aggregates in the saline-alkali soil;
3) improving the water conductivity of the saline-alkali soil.
The fourth aspect of the invention provides a method for improving saline-alkali soil, which comprises the following steps:
the low-energy environment-friendly saline-alkali soil conditioner as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7 is applied according to the application rate of 100 to 150 kg/mu, and the soil is ploughed by 10 to 20 cm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the low-energy environment-friendly saline-alkali soil conditioner can effectively replace sodium ions, reduce the pH value of saline-alkali soil, promote the formation of granular structures, improve the water conductivity of the soil and durably and effectively improve the saline-alkali soil. The fruit kernels of specific types are selected and crushed into specific meshes, and the soil is applied to the initial stage of soil, so that the soil gaps can be increased by utilizing the hardness and the particle size of the fruit kernels; in the later period of application, along with the activity of microorganisms, organic matters in the fruit core powder and the shrimp shells can be decomposed and converted into organic colloid, so that the formation of a soil aggregate structure is promoted, the soil structure is improved, and the water conductivity is improved. The protein in the shrimp shell can adjust the C/N ratio, and the hydrolyzed small molecular peptide can also promote the growth of microorganisms and plants. Leaching residue with CaSO4And MgSO4Mainly, calcium and magnesium ions can improve the ion exchange capacity of soil and replace sodium, sulfur elements promote plant growth, and the improvement effect is more durable due to limited water solubility.
(2) The raw materials adopted by the low-energy environment-friendly saline-alkali soil conditioner are all byproducts of each production line, the energy consumption in the preparation process is low, the production cost is reduced by utilizing industrial byproducts, the resource waste and the environmental pollution are avoided, and the low-energy environment-friendly saline-alkali soil conditioner has the advantages of low energy consumption and environmental friendliness.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed.
As introduced in the background art, the existing saline-alkali soil chemical modifier mainly adopts phosphogypsum, has obvious effect of replacing exchangeable sodium ions, has certain capability of reducing the pH value of soil, and has little effect of improving the soil structure; if the soil has no proper structure, the capillary action easily causes deep salt to migrate and accumulate on the surface soil, so that the soil is salinized again.
Based on the above, the invention aims to provide a conditioner which can reduce the pH value and the alkalization degree of saline-alkali soil and can improve the soil structure.
The invention creatively takes three substances of fruit kernel powder, shrimp shell powder and polyhalite leaching filter residue powder as raw materials to prepare the low-energy environment-friendly saline-alkali soil conditioner. The raw material components are an organic whole, and have synergistic promotion effect. Wherein, the fruit core and the shrimp shell are food processing byproducts, are rich in organic matters and can increase organic colloid in soil; the C/N ratio can be adjusted by mixing and using, and the propagation and growth of microorganisms are promoted; the formed fungus hypha can surround the large aggregate so as to improve the soil structure, and the stability of the aggregate is increased along with the increase of the organic matter content; the soil aggregate is promoted to form, so that the effects of improving the structure and improving the water conductivity are achieved.
Polyhalite (K)2SO4·MgSO4·2CaSO4·2H2O) can be leached by hot water (K)2SO4·MgSO4·2CaSO4·2H2O→2K++Mg2++2Ca2++4SO4 2-+2H2O)、CaCl2Leaching (K)2SO4·MgSO4·2CaSO4·2H2O+2Ca2+→4CaSO4↓+2K++Mg2++SO4 2-+2H2O)、Ca(OH)2Leaching (K)2SO4·MgSO4·2CaSO4·2H2O+2Ca2++2OH-→4CaSO4↓+Mg(OH)2↓+2K++2H2O) or by roasting (K)2SO4·MgSO4·2CaSO4·2H2O→K2SO4+MgSO4+2CaSO4+2H2O ↓) potassium sulfate, leaching filter residue with CaSO4Predominantly, and containing partially undissolved MgSO4Can enhance the ion exchange capacity of the soil so as to replace exchangeable sodium ions in the soil, and can reduce the pH value of the saline-alkali soil after acidolysis.
In the test process, raw material components such as fruit kernel powder, shrimp shell powder, polyhalite leaching residue powder and the like are removed in sequence to prepare the saline-alkali soil conditioner. And then mixing the prepared saline-alkali soil conditioner with saline-alkali soil, performing a soil column leaching experiment, and respectively testing the effects of the saline-alkali soil conditioner on the pH value, the alkalinity (ESP), the water-stable aggregate fraction and the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the saline-alkali soil.
In conclusion, the low-energy environment-friendly saline-alkali soil conditioner is prepared by optimizing the selection and the dosage of the raw materials. The pH value of the soil can be effectively reduced, and sodium ions in the saline-alkali soil can be replaced; the soil structure can be effectively improved, the water conductivity of the soil is improved, and the saline-alkali soil is effectively improved for a long time.
In order to make the technical solutions of the present application more clearly understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.
The test materials used in the examples and comparative examples of the present invention are conventional in the art and are commercially available.
Example 1: preparation of low-energy environment-friendly saline-alkali soil conditioner
(1) Drying the hawthorn seeds, crushing and sieving the dried hawthorn seeds with a 100-mesh sieve to form fruit seed powder;
(2) drying shrimp shells, crushing, sieving with a 100-mesh sieve, adding into a reaction kettle I, adding 0.1mol/L dilute sulfuric acid until no bubbles are generated, and drying at low temperature to form shrimp shell powder;
(3) crushing the polyhalite leaching filter residue (hot water leaching) by a crusher, sieving by a 200-mesh sieve, adding the crushed polyhalite leaching filter residue into a reaction kettle II, and then adding the crushed polyhalite leaching filter residue into a reaction kettle II according to the weight ratio of 5: 1, adding water to dissolve the raw materials, stirring for 5min, adding 0.1mol/L dilute sulfuric acid to adjust the pH value to 5-6, then continuously stirring for 10min, filtering and drying to form polyhalite leaching residue powder;
(4) fully mixing the prepared fruit kernel powder, the shrimp shell powder and the polyhalite leaching residue powder according to the weight ratio of 48:29:23 to form the low-energy environment-friendly saline-alkali soil conditioner.
Example 2: preparation of low-energy environment-friendly saline-alkali soil conditioner
(1) Drying yellow peach kernels, crushing, and sieving with a 100-mesh sieve to form fruit kernel powder;
(2) drying shrimp shells, crushing, sieving with a 100-mesh sieve, adding into a reaction kettle I, adding 0.01mol/L dilute sulfuric acid, and drying at low temperature to form shrimp shell powder;
(3) leaching Halite with filter residue (CaCl)2Leaching) is crushed by a crusher, then is sieved by a 200-mesh sieve, is added into a reaction kettle II, and is stirred according to the weight ratio of 5: 1, adding water to dissolve the raw materials, stirring for 5min, adding 0.1mol/L dilute sulfuric acid to adjust the pH value to 5-6, then continuously stirring for 10min, filtering and drying to form polyhalite leaching residue powder;
(4) fully mixing the prepared fruit kernel powder, the shrimp shell powder and the polyhalite leaching residue powder according to the weight ratio of 43:31:26 to form the low-energy environment-friendly saline-alkali soil conditioner.
Example 3: preparation of low-energy environment-friendly saline-alkali soil conditioner
(1) Drying apricot kernels, crushing and sieving the dried apricot kernels with a 100-mesh sieve to form fruit kernel powder;
(2) drying shrimp shells, crushing, sieving with a 100-mesh sieve, adding into a reaction kettle I, adding 0.01mol/L dilute sulfuric acid, and drying at low temperature to form shrimp shell powder;
(3) leaching Halite residue (Ca (OH)2Leaching) is crushed by a crusher, then is sieved by a 200-mesh sieve, is added into a reaction kettle II, and is stirred according to the weight ratio of 5: 1, adding water to dissolve the raw materials, stirring for 5min, adding 0.1mol/L dilute sulfuric acid to adjust the pH value to 5-6, then continuously stirring for 10min, filtering and drying to form polyhalite leaching residue powder;
(4) fully mixing the prepared fruit kernel powder, the shrimp shell powder and the polyhalite leaching residue powder according to the weight ratio of 52:27:21 to form the low-energy environment-friendly saline-alkali soil conditioner.
Comparative example 1:
(1) drying yellow peach kernels, crushing, and sieving with a 100-mesh sieve to form fruit kernel powder;
(2) drying shrimp shells, crushing, sieving with a 100-mesh sieve, adding into a reaction kettle I, adding 0.1mol/L dilute sulfuric acid until no bubbles are generated, and drying at low temperature to form shrimp shell powder;
(3) and fully mixing the prepared fruit kernel powder and the shrimp shell powder according to the weight ratio of 43:31 to form the saline-alkali soil conditioner A.
Comparative example 2:
(1) drying yellow peach kernels, crushing, and sieving with a 100-mesh sieve to form fruit kernel powder;
(2) leaching Halite with filter residue (CaCl)2Leaching) is crushed by a crusher, then is sieved by a 200-mesh sieve, is added into a reaction kettle II, and is stirred according to the weight ratio of 5: 1, adding water to dissolve the raw materials, stirring for 5min, adding 0.1mol/L dilute sulfuric acid to adjust the pH value to 5-6, then continuously stirring for 10min, filtering and drying to form polyhalite leaching residue powder;
(3) and fully mixing the prepared fruit kernel powder and the polyhalite leaching residue powder according to the weight ratio of 43:26 to form a saline-alkali soil conditioner B.
Comparative example 3:
(1) drying shrimp shells, crushing, sieving with a 100-mesh sieve, adding into a reaction kettle I, adding 0.1mol/L dilute sulfuric acid until no bubbles are generated, and drying at low temperature to form shrimp shell powder;
(2) leaching Halite with filter residue (CaCl)2Leaching) is crushed by a crusher, then is sieved by a 200-mesh sieve, is added into a reaction kettle II, and is stirred according to the weight ratio of 5: 1, adding water to dissolve the raw materials, stirring for 5min, adding 0.1mol/L dilute sulfuric acid to adjust the pH value to 5-6, then continuously stirring for 10min, filtering and drying to form polyhalite leaching residue powder;
(3) and fully mixing the prepared shrimp shell powder and the polyhalite leaching residue powder according to the weight ratio of 31:26 to form the saline-alkali soil conditioner C.
Test example:
1. the test method comprises the following steps:
the saline-alkali soil improver prepared in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 3, and the single fruit core powder, the shrimp shell powder, the polyhalite leaching residue powder and the saline-alkali soil were mixed (the mass ratio of the saline-alkali soil to the improver is 220: 1, and the blank is untreated saline-alkali soil) to perform the soil column leaching experiment. And respectively testing the change conditions of the pH value, the ESP value (alkalization degree), the water-stable aggregate fraction and the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the saline-alkali soil.
2. And (3) test results:
the test results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1: results of soil column leaching experiment
| Treatment of | pH value | ESP value | Fraction of water-stable macro-aggregates | Saturated hydraulic conductivity |
| Example 1 | -0.80 units | -10.97％ | +128.43％ | +18.53％ |
| Example 2 | -0.85 units | -11.48％ | +133.18％ | +21.24％ |
| Example 3 | -0.76 units | -10.23％ | +141.74％ | +22.47％ |
| Comparative example 1 | -0.58 units | -1.97％ | +147.32％ | +23.73％ |
| Comparative example 2 | -0.89 units | -12.11％ | +37.89％ | +13.12％ |
| Comparative example 3 | -0.92 units | -12.43％ | +92.25％ | +14.31％ |
| Fruit stone powder | -0.34 units | -1.08％ | +53.57％ | +15.18％ |
| Shrimp shell powder | -0.72 units | -2.13％ | +116.83％ | +19.25％ |
| Polyhalite leaching residue filtering powder | -0.97 units | -13.37％ | -2.74％ | +9.27％ |
Note: experimental results were obtained in comparison to blank data. -, decrease; and + increase.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (6)
1. The low-energy environment-friendly saline-alkali soil conditioner is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
43-52 parts of fruit kernel powder, 27-31 parts of shrimp shell powder and 21-26 parts of polyhalite leaching residue powder;
the fruit kernel powder is prepared by drying one or more of hawthorn kernel, yellow peach kernel, apricot kernel and waxberry kernel, pulverizing and sieving;
the shrimp shell powder is prepared by the following method:
drying shrimp shells, crushing and sieving, adding dilute sulfuric acid until no bubbles are generated, and drying at low temperature to form shrimp shell powder;
the polyhalite leaching residue powder is prepared by the following method:
soaking polyhalite in hot water, CaCl2Leaching, Ca (OH)2Taking filter residue obtained after leaching or roasting for preparing potassium sulfate as a raw material, crushing, sieving, adding water for dissolving, stirring for 5min, adding dilute sulfuric acid to adjust the pH value to 5-6, and then continuously stirringFiltering and drying for 10min to obtain polyhalite leaching residue powder.
2. The low-energy environment-friendly saline-alkali soil conditioner as claimed in claim 1, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
43 parts of fruit kernel powder, 31 parts of shrimp shell powder and 26 parts of polyhalite leaching filter residue powder.
3. The low-energy environment-friendly saline-alkali soil conditioner as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the preparation method of the shrimp shell powder, the shrimp shell powder is crushed and then sieved by a 100-mesh sieve; the concentration of the dilute sulfuric acid is 0.1 mol/L.
4. The low-energy environment-friendly saline-alkali soil conditioner as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the preparation method of the polyhalite leaching residue powder, the crushed polyhalite leaching residue powder is sieved by a 200-mesh sieve; the water-material ratio is 5: 1; the concentration of the dilute sulfuric acid is 0.1 mol/L.
5. The use of the low-energy environment-friendly saline-alkali soil conditioner as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 in at least one of the following 1) to 3):
1) the pH value of the saline-alkali soil and the concentration of exchangeable sodium ions are reduced;
2) promoting the formation of large water-stable aggregates in the saline-alkali soil;
3) improving the water conductivity of the saline-alkali soil.
6. A method for improving saline-alkali soil is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the low-energy environment-friendly saline-alkali soil conditioner as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 is applied according to the application rate of 100-150 kg/mu, and the soil is ploughed by 10-20 cm.
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