CN103012016B - Modifier for mildly alkalized soil and processing method thereof - Google Patents
Modifier for mildly alkalized soil and processing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a modifier for mildly alkalized soil and a processing method thereof. The modifier for mildly alkalized soil comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70-80 parts of desulfurized waste, 5-10 parts of inorganic accelerator and 10-20 parts of organic accelerator. According to the modifier for mildly alkalized soil, exchangeable sodium on soil colloid is replaced by calcium ions in the desulfurized waste, thereby reducing the alkalization degree; because of the fine pore structure and physical property of the organic accelerator, the physical behavior of the soil and the crumb structure of the soil are improved, the pH value of the soil is reduced, and the fertility of the soil is increased; the inorganic accelerator can also improve the crumb structure of the soil; and an inorganic fertilizer and an organic fertilizer are added to further increase the fertility of the soil and provide nutrient contents for the growth of plants. In a word, the invention can effectively avoid the nutrient element unbalance in the soil, improve the productivity of the soil, loosen the soil, enhance the fertilizer efficiency and thoroughly control the soil salinization phenomenon step by step.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of chemical reagent be used on soil, in particular, relate to a kind of low-grade alkalization soil improvement agent and working method thereof, belong to soil improvement field.
Background technology
The Method and Technology of domestic soil improvement, especially alkaline land improving is summed up roughly as follows: (1) is physically improved: level land, deep plough sun the earth which has been ploughed up, loosen the soil in time, raise landform, microcell is improved the soil; (2) water conservancy improvement: fill with deploying cover, storage fresh water on saline alkali land for leaching, washing salinity by irrigation, underground salt discharge; (3) chemical modifying: gypsuming, phosphogypsum, calcium superphosphate, humic acid, peat, acid-sludge etc.; (4) biological modification: rice cultivation, plantation salt-tolerant plant sesbania etc., or use germ fertile.
These improving technologies and method, existing ancient technology, sun the earth which has been ploughed up as leveled land, deep ploughing, loosen the soil in time, microcell is improved the soil, washing salinity by irrigation, rice cultivation, plantation salt-tolerant plant sesbania etc.; Also tradition modification method in modern age is had, as filled with deploying cover, storage fresh water on saline alkali land for leaching, washing salinity by irrigation, underground salt discharge and chemical modifying technology etc.; The novel soil conditioner (as NPK synergistic agent) utilizing biological chemistry new technology to develop in addition, and utilize type material and advanced operating technique to implement underground hidden pipe salt discharge engineering etc.
Chinese patent application CN1377936A disclosed " utilizing waste gypsum plate to produce method of saline-alkali soil conditioner and products thereof and application ", principle utilizes the exchangeable sodium in the calcium sulfate displacement soil in gypsum, but need waste gypsum plate to carry out to process fragmentation and just can be used for improveing soil.If modifying agent granularity is large after broken, be then unfavorable for that ion exchange is reacted, improved effect is poor; Very little to modifying agent granularity after fragmentation, then want the energy of at substantial, the cost of soil improvement height cannot be born to peasant.Chinese patent application CN101624523A disclosed " a kind of saline soil ", form than by Tai-Ace S 150, ferrous ammonium sulphate and magnesium sulfate mixed preparing by Different Weight, make this modifying agent and need a large amount of chemical raw materials, instead of utilize trade waste, cost is higher.Chinese patent CN1664064A disclosed " a kind of alkaline soil improver " mainly utilizes the phosphogypsum of different ratios, stalk and urea to make soil improvement agent; The modifying agent utilizing phosphogypsum to make is higher due to the heavy metal in phosphogypsum and some hazardous trace elements content, and the heavy metal in soil after improvement and hazardous trace elements can be caused to exceed the permissible value of national standard.
Generally speaking, the shortcoming that prior art exists and technical problem are: process is complicated, and cost is high, and effect is not very good.
Summary of the invention
An object of the present invention, is to provide a kind of low-grade alkalization soil improvement agent.
Another object of the present invention, is the working method providing above-mentioned low-grade alkalization soil improvement agent.
Low-grade alkalization soil improvement agent provided by the invention, comprises the raw material of following weight part: desulfuration waste 70 ~ 80 parts, inorganic accelerator 5 ~ 10 parts and organic promoter 10 ~ 20 parts.
Wherein, described desulfuration waste is coal-burning power plant's wet fuel gas desulfurizing technology byproduct.Preferred desulfurated plaster.
Wherein, described desulfurated plaster is the desulfurated plaster (being the byproduct of coal-fired plant flue gas Wingdale one gypsum sulfur removal technology) produced after coal-fired flue gas desulfurization, and 70% ~ 90% of its weight is terra alba CaSO
42H
2o, grain graininess is 30 ~ 50 microns.
The present invention utilizes desulfuration waste, the calcium ion (Ca especially in desulfurated plaster
2+) exchange replaceability sodium ion (Na on soil colloid
+from the Na in soil
2cO
3, NaHCO
3), make sodium ion enter the soil solution from soil colloid, replacement becomes Na
2sO
4, sodium ion can with oozing under irrigation water or draining via discharge channel.Thus reduce the basicity of soil, improve the physical behavior of soil and the crumb structure of soil.Meanwhile, the calcium (Ca) in desulfurated plaster and sulphur (S) element are important plant nutrient ingredient, and suitable supplements the growth that these two kinds of nutrients can promote plant.
Wherein, described inorganic accelerator is selected from: one or more in oyster shell whiting, carapace powder, weathered coal and wilkinite etc.Preferred weathered coal.
Wherein, described organic promoter is selected from: one or more in stalk, furfural dregs, biomass char and gac etc.Preferred stalk and biomass char.
Low-grade alkalization soil improvement agent of the present invention, also comprises fertilizer.
Described fertilizer is 0.01 ~ 1 part relative to the weight part of low-grade alkalization soil improvement agent gross weight.Preferably 0.01 ~ 0.05 part.
Wherein, described fertilizer is selected from: one or more in animal excrement, poly-maleic acid, sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate, amino acid and microorganism fertilizer.Preferred microorganism is fertile.
Low-grade alkalization soil improvement agent of the present invention, also comprises inorganic fertilizer.
Described inorganic fertilizer is 0.01 ~ 1 part relative to the weight part of low-grade alkalization soil improvement agent gross weight.Preferably 0.05 ~ 0.1 part.
Wherein, described inorganic fertilizer is selected from: one or more in urea, potassium sulfate, zinc sulfate, monoammonium phosphate and diammonium phosphate.Preferred urea.
That is:
Low-grade alkalization soil improvement agent of the present invention, comprises the raw material of following weight part: desulfuration waste 70 ~ 80 parts, inorganic accelerator 5 ~ 10 parts, organic promoter 10 ~ 20 parts, inorganic fertilizer 0.01 ~ 1 part and fertilizer 0 ~ 1 part.
Low-grade alkalization soil improvement agent of the present invention, comprises the raw material of following weight part: desulfuration waste 70 ~ 80 parts, inorganic accelerator 5 ~ 10 parts, organic promoter 10 ~ 20 parts, fertilizer 0.01 ~ 1 part and inorganic fertilizer 0 ~ 1 part.
Low-grade alkalization soil improvement agent of the present invention, preferably, comprises the raw material of following weight part: desulfuration waste 70 ~ 80 parts, inorganic accelerator 5 ~ 10 parts, organic promoter 10 ~ 20 parts, inorganic fertilizer 0.01 ~ 1 part and fertilizer 0.01 ~ 1 part.
Low-grade alkalization soil improvement agent of the present invention, preferably, comprises the raw material of following weight part: desulfuration waste 70 ~ 80 parts, inorganic accelerator 5 ~ 10 parts, organic promoter 10 ~ 20 parts, inorganic fertilizer 0.05 ~ 0.1 part and fertilizer 0 ~ 0.1 part.
Low-grade alkalization soil improvement agent of the present invention, preferably, comprises the raw material of following weight part: desulfuration waste 70 ~ 80 parts, inorganic accelerator 5 ~ 10 parts, organic promoter 10 ~ 20 parts, fertilizer 0.01 ~ 0.05 part and inorganic fertilizer 0 ~ 0.1 part.
Low-grade alkalization soil improvement agent of the present invention, more preferably, comprises the raw material of following weight part: desulfuration waste 70 ~ 80 parts, inorganic accelerator 5 ~ 10 parts, organic promoter 10 ~ 20 parts, inorganic fertilizer 0.05 ~ 0.1 part and fertilizer 0.01 ~ 0.05 part.
Above-mentioned low-grade alkalization soil improvement agent, the organic promoter wherein used, preferably, comprising: stalk and biomass char, and both weight ratios are: (5 ~ 10): (5 ~ 10).
Low-grade alkalization soil improvement agent of the present invention, more preferably, comprises the raw material of following weight part: desulfurated plaster 70 ~ 80 parts, stalk 5 ~ 10 parts, biomass char 5 ~ 10 parts, weathered coal 5 ~ 10 parts, 0.05 ~ 0.1 part, urea and microorganism fertilizer 0.01 ~ 0.05 part.This soil improvement agent is especially applied to the improvement of low-grade alkalization soil, is applicable to northern arid or semiarid varieties in saline-alkali areas.
Present invention also offers a kind of desulfurated plaster, 70% ~ 90% of its weight is terra alba CaSO
42H
2o, grain graininess is 30 ~ 50 microns.It can be used in above-mentioned low-grade alkalization soil improvement agent.
The working method of above-mentioned low-grade alkalization soil improvement agent provided by the invention, comprising: by granulation after raw material mixing, obtain described low-grade alkalization soil improvement agent.
They, if use fertilizer and stalk, can first be pulverized by above-mentioned working method before raw material mixing.
Wherein, described grinding particle size wanted 30 ~ 60 mesh sieves.Preferably 40 orders.
Soil improvement agent provided by the invention can be used for the improvement of soil, is especially applied to the improvement of low-grade alkalization soil, is applicable to northern arid or semiarid varieties in saline-alkali areas.
The pH value > 8.5 of described low-grade alkalization soil, basicity 5 ~ 10%, saltiness < 0.5%.
The application of low-grade alkalization soil improvement agent provided by the invention in soil improvement.
Wherein, described application comprises: low-grade alkalization soil improvement agent is applied the soil that need improve, and then implements to irrigate.
Wherein, the be manured into soil amount of unit surface of low-grade alkalization soil improvement agent of the present invention is determined according to the pH value in this plot and basicity.Sowing amount is 800 ~ 1200kg/ mu.
Wherein, the time that applies of described low-grade alkalization soil improvement agent is more than one month soil cultivation time of distance, and the best use age is the autumn of upper one year.Applying the degree of depth is the arable layer degree of depth 15 ~ 20cm.
Wherein, described irrigation is: pour water immediately after low-grade alkalization soil improvement agent applies, and once pours into according to crop institute water requirement.Irrigation quantity is required total Water.
After irrigation completes certain hour, carry out other agricultural operations.
The application of low-grade alkalization soil improvement agent of the present invention, before the modifying agent that is manured into soil, also comprises the smooth of soil and laser land leveling.
Wherein, first the soil of improvement carries out slightly smooth, and object removes obvious relief region on soil.
Wherein, described laser land leveling, makes the gradient≤0.05% of farming block, and preferably 0.05%.
Low-grade alkalization soil improvement agent provided by the invention, utilizes desulfuration waste, the exchangeable sodium on the calcium ion displacement soil colloid especially in coal-fired flue gas desulfurization gypsum, thus reduces the basicity of soil.Utilize organic promoter, especially the excellent pore texture of biomass char and physicals, improve the physical behavior of soil and the crumb structure of soil simultaneously, reduces the pH value of soil; Utilize stalk can chessom, and can soil fertility be increased.Inorganic accelerator, as weathered coal can improve the crumb structure of soil.Microwaveassisted inorganic fertilizer and fertilizer can be increase soil fertility, further for plant growth provides nutritive ingredient again.
In a word, it is unbalance that the present invention can effectively overcome Nutrient Elements in Soil, improves soil fertility, chessom, increases fertilizer efficiency, salting of soil phenomenon is progressively administered at all; And improve some problems of prior art, be better than prior art, there is very high economic benefit.
Especially, when improving low-grade alkalization soil, the useful technique effect played comprises:
1) use then, take effect then, and the alkalization degree of soil is heavier, effect is further obvious; After using, the seedling rate of the crop planted significantly improves, and the surviving rate of trees improves.Chemical reaction due to substitutional ion needs a process, and crop yield can reach local good farmland level after the 2nd, 3 year.
2) soil physico-chemical property be improved significantly: the modifying agent that the application of the invention provides, the pH value of soil reduces by 1 ~ 2; Alkalization of soils degree is reduced to less than 5% after improvement from 5 ~ 10% before improvement; Soil compaction hardness is obviously reduced, and perviousness significantly improves; Soil salt reduces year by year.
3) simple, the abundant raw material source of preparation technology: the present invention is that raw material becomes particulate state modifying agent according to certain proportional range hybrid process, and ratio range is reasonable, can play the synergy that each self-applying of raw material strengthens; And non-pollution discharge in the course of processing; Soil after utilizing the technology to improve, the duty of its long-term cropping is than local same crop traditional irrigation discharge reduction about 1/3rd.
4) contents of heavy metal elements in the soil of improvement, the heavy metal content in institute's long-term cropping seed is all lower than the content that national standard allows.
5) alkali-affected soil after improvement and the carbon of vegetation thereof converge up to 2 ~ 4 tons of CO
2/ mu year.This is when not increasing any investment, and the carbon increasing annual millions of ton of meter for country converges, and is the tremendous contribution to reducing discharging CO2 and mitigation of climate change.
6) can solve coal-burning power plant of China handling problems of desulfuration waste containing excess water of several ten million tons every year, saltings or low-grade alkalization soil improvement can be become arable land again, improvement ensuing crop well-grown, has obvious economic benefit simultaneously.
Embodiment
Following examples for illustration of the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
Used herein to material be the conventional material that can commercially obtain, NM technology contents be also this area routine select.
Embodiment 1
1, modifying agent: desulfurated plaster 80g, stalk 10g, biomass char 5g, weathered coal 5g, urea 0.05g, microorganism fertilizer 0.01g.
2, working method:
(1) respectively stalk, microorganism fertilizer pulverizer are pulverized, cross 60 mesh sieves;
(2) stalk, microorganism fertilizer and other raw materials above-mentioned after pulverizing are joined stirrer for mixing even, then join granulation in granulating disc, obtain particulate state low-grade alkalization soil improvement agent.
3, improved technology (application of soil improvement agent):
(1) first the soil improved carries out slightly smooth, removes obvious relief region on soil;
(2) carry out laser land leveling, make the gradient of farming block be 0.05%;
(3) above-mentioned modifying agent mixes the top layer that is manured into soil (applying the degree of depth is arable layer degree of depth 15cm), and the amount of its unit surface is determined according to the pH value in this plot and basicity, is 800kg/ mu;
(4) implement to irrigate (pouring water immediately after applying), once pour into, irrigation quantity is required total Water (namely once pouring into 100%);
(5), after having irrigated certain hour, other agricultural operations are carried out.
Embodiment 2
1, modifying agent: desulfurated plaster 70g, stalk 5g, biomass char 10g, weathered coal 10g, urea 0.1g, microorganism fertilizer 0.05g.
2, working method:
(1) respectively stalk, microorganism fertilizer pulverizer are pulverized, cross 30 mesh sieves;
(2) stalk, microorganism fertilizer and other raw materials above-mentioned after pulverizing are joined stirrer for mixing even, then join granulation in granulating disc, obtain particulate state low-grade alkalization soil improvement agent.
3, improved technology (application of soil improvement agent):
(1) first the soil improved carries out slightly smooth, removes obvious relief region on soil;
(2) carry out laser land leveling, make the gradient of farming block be 0.05%;
(3) above-mentioned modifying agent mixes the top layer that is manured into soil to apply the degree of depth is arable layer degree of depth 20cm), the amount of its unit surface is determined according to the pH value in this plot and basicity, is 1200kg/ mu;
(4) implement to irrigate (pouring water immediately after applying), once pour into, irrigation quantity is required total Water;
(5), after having irrigated certain hour, other agricultural operations are carried out.
Embodiment 3
1, modifying agent: desulfurated plaster 75g, stalk 8g, biomass char 8g, weathered coal 8.5g, urea 0.08g, microorganism fertilizer 0.03g.
2, working method:
(1) respectively stalk, microorganism fertilizer pulverizer are pulverized, cross 40 mesh sieves;
(2) stalk, microorganism fertilizer and other raw materials above-mentioned after pulverizing are joined stirrer for mixing even, then join granulation in granulating disc, obtain particulate state low-grade alkalization soil improvement agent.
3, improved technology (application of soil improvement agent):
(1) first the soil improved carries out slightly smooth, removes obvious relief region on soil;
(2) carry out laser land leveling, make the gradient of farming block be 0.05%;
(3) above-mentioned modifying agent mixes the top layer that is manured into soil (applying the degree of depth is arable layer degree of depth 18cm), and the amount of its unit surface is determined according to the pH value in this plot and basicity, is 1000kg/ mu;
(4) implement to irrigate (pouring water immediately after applying), once pour into, irrigation quantity is required total Water;
(5), after having irrigated certain hour, other agricultural operations are carried out.
Experimental example 1: the test in saltings and demonstration
1, est and pilot project overview
Est and pilot project soil salinity characters, alkalization skewness, pH value is greater than 8.5, and (generally 8.5 ~ 8.6, and salt content is also higher, the highest more than 10g/kg.Water-soluble salt ion analysis result shows, the positively charged ion that content is the highest is Na
+, the negatively charged ion that content is the highest is SO
4 2-, be secondly Cl
-.Supplying to study thing is paddy rice and oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers.Rice growing amount is 25 kilograms every mu, adopts direct-sowing dry mode.Oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers application rate is 0.5 kilogram every mu.
2, field test results
Various crop emerges rate after est and pilot project low-grade alkalization soil improvement agent (embodiment of the present invention 3) improvement and output are apparently higher than the check plot of not using any soil improvement agent, the average seedling rate of demonstration area paddy rice after improvement, oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers and corn reaches 90.8%, 60.7% and 80.5% respectively, does not improve the paddy rice of check plot, the average seedling rate of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers and corn is respectively 52.6%, 27.1% and 67.0%; The grain yield of demonstration area paddy rice after improvement, oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers and corn on average reaches 302.7 kgs/acre, 105.6 kgs/acre and 282.2 kgs/acre respectively, and the check plot paddy rice of not improveing, oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers and corn kernel mean yield are respectively 97.7 kgs/acre, 53.8 kgs/acre and 167.2 kgs/acre.This absolutely proves that applying of soil improvement agent can improve alkali-affected soil, improves crop emerges rate and output.
Experimental example 2: the eco-environmental impact of the low-grade alkalization soil improvement agent improvement soil containing desulfurated plaster
1, the detected result of heavy metal in soil
(1) change of soil pH value and salinity
Through the soil improvement agent used containing desulfurated plaster, no matter be rice cultivation, corn or oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers (as experimental example 1), its pH value and salinity have reduction in various degree, the range of decrease of pH value is 1, and the range of decrease of salinity is 55%, alkalization of soils degree is reduced to less than 5% after improvement (about 2.5%) from 5 ~ 10% before improvement; Soil compaction hardness is obviously reduced, and perviousness improves 3 times; The reduction of salinity is mainly due to the effect of water.
(2) detected result of heavy metal in soil
In low-grade alkalization soil improvement agent of the present invention, desulfurated plaster main component is calcium sulfate, simultaneously containing other trace and trace elementss such as heavy metals.In order to study their impacts on edatope and crop, applicant successively entrusts environment protection and monitoring station, the Inner Mongol and test center of Inner Mongol academy of agricultural sciences (be state approval, have the detection unit of qualification), analyzes soil and corn kernel.
Table 1 for Inner Mongol experimental field (saltings) use the content of the heavy metal in soil of soil improvement agent (embodiment of the present invention 3) post processing zone containing desulfurated plaster, result shows, the permissible value that the content of using the heavy metal in soil of soil post processing zone specifies much smaller than national soil quality standard (GB15618-1995) is tested in Inner Mongol.The content of the heavy metal in soil of the treatment zone of using soil improvement agent and the check plot of not executing soil improvement agent does not have significant difference.
Table 1: Inner Mongol is the detected result of heavy metal in soil content and contrast thereof experimental field
(3) detected result of heavy metal in crop kernel
Result shows (table 2), and Inner Mongol experimental field gathers in the crops heavy metal content in seed and is generally all less than national standard (GB14961-1994).The content that the treatment zone of using the soil improvement agent containing desulfurated plaster and the check plot of not executing soil improvement agent gather in the crops heavy metal in seed does not have significant difference.
Table 2: heavy metal content and contrast thereof in the results seed of Inner Mongol
The low-grade alkalization soil improvement agent adopting embodiment 1 and 2 to prepare carries out above-mentioned experiment with method.
Result shows: the low-grade alkalization soil improvement agent effect of they and embodiment 3 is close, wherein, with the effect of embodiment 3 for optimum.
Although above the present invention is described in detail with a general description of the specific embodiments, on basis of the present invention, can make some modifications or improvements it, this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Therefore, these modifications or improvements without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention, all belong to the scope of protection of present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a low-grade alkalization soil improvement agent, is characterized in that, comprises the raw material of following weight part: desulfuration waste 70 ~ 80 parts, inorganic accelerator 5 ~ 10 parts and organic promoter 10 ~ 20 parts; Described desulfuration waste is desulfurated plaster;
Described inorganic accelerator is selected from: one or more in oyster shell whiting, carapace powder, weathered coal and wilkinite; Described organic promoter is stalk and biomass char, and both weight ratios are (5 ~ 10): (5 ~ 10);
Described soil improvement agent also comprises fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer; Described fertilizer is selected from: one or more in animal excrement, poly-maleic acid, sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate, amino acid and microorganism fertilizer; Described inorganic fertilizer is selected from: one or more in urea, potassium sulfate, zinc sulfate, monoammonium phosphate and diammonium phosphate;
The weight part of described fertilizer is 0.01 ~ 1 part, and the weight part of described inorganic fertilizer is 0.01 ~ 1 part;
The pH value ﹥ 8.5 of described low-grade alkalization soil, basicity 5 ~ 10%, saltiness ﹤ 0.5%.
2. modifying agent according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the weight part of described fertilizer is 0.01 ~ 0.05 part; The weight part of described inorganic fertilizer is 0.05 ~ 0.1 part.
3. a low-grade alkalization soil improvement agent, is characterized in that, comprises the raw material of following weight part: desulfurated plaster 70 ~ 80 parts, stalk 5 ~ 10 parts, biomass char 5 ~ 10 parts, weathered coal 5 ~ 10 parts, 0.05 ~ 0.1 part, urea and microorganism fertilizer 0.01 ~ 0.05 part;
The pH value ﹥ 8.5 of described low-grade alkalization soil, basicity 5 ~ 10%, saltiness ﹤ 0.5%.
4. the modifying agent according to claim 1 or 3, is characterized in that, 70% ~ 90% of described desulfurated plaster weight is terra alba CaSO
42H
2o, its grain graininess is 30 ~ 50 microns.
5. the working method of the low-grade alkalization soil improvement agent described in Claims 1 to 4 any one, is characterized in that, comprising: by granulation after raw material mixing, obtain described low-grade alkalization soil improvement agent.
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