CN109699530A - Loach breeding induced spawning method - Google Patents
Loach breeding induced spawning method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides loach breeding induced spawning method, belongs to artificial induced spawning field, including, close loach latency period accelerating process, artificial induced spawning process and incubating oosperm process；Above-mentioned incubating oosperm process is by then carrying out cultivation hatching after fertilized eggs are placed under extreme temperature or extreme acidified environment intervening；Use the Chinese medical concrete being dispersed in matrix as promoting sexual gland maturation medicament in above-mentioned parent's loach latency period accelerating process, Chinese medical concrete be Chinese medicine material carried out in the environment of the magnetized medium containing azone and ethyl caprate exists magnetization extract it is obtained.Loach breeding induced spawning method provided by the invention is high-efficient, and oviposition and incubation cycle are short, and fertilized eggs bioactivity is high, adherence is low, is not polluted by outer germs, and mud fish fry output and high survival rate, uniformity are high；Rush sexual gland maturation medicament used can reduce loach excretion, reduce water pollution, increase laying, improve Fertilized quality, and reduce injures and deaths amount after close loach oviposition.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to artificial induced spawning fields, and in particular to loach breeding induced spawning method.
Background technique
Loach belongs to Cypriniformes, Cobitidae, flower loach subfamily, loach category.It is a kind of higher fish of widely distributed and economic value
Class.Loach nutritive and medicinal value with higher, Fresh & Tender in Texture containing high protein and low fat, full of nutrition, taste is fresh
Beauty is rich in multivitamin and minerals, there is high nutritive value and medical value.Loach is the water of high protein, low fat
Product, it is fine and tender taste, full of nutrition, it is both delicious food, has more higher food therapy value, be known as the beauty of " ginseng in water "
Reputation, is the traditional outlet fish species in China.Loach is adaptable, disease is few, high survival rate, and reproductive capacity is strong, convenient transportation, easily
Breeding bait is easy to get, aquaculture cost is low, has become the important economic freshwater fish in China at present, deep by southeast such as South Korea, Japan
The welcome in sub- market, and valence height is in great demand, supply falls short of demand.
Loach adaptability in the adverse circumstances that some oxygen content are low, water quality is poor is very strong, is that one kind has very mass production
The low-carbon breed variety of potentiality.But in recent years, spreading unchecked due to overfishing, especially electric fishing loach, in addition a large amount of in farmland
The change to loach harmful pesticide and cropping system is applied, the loach resource in natural water area and paddy field falls sharply year by year, ecology
Environment is destroyed, and wild loach quantity is sharply reduced, and artificial breeding loach occurs and has a extensive future therewith.However China is artificial
Loach fry used in the loach of cultivation is fished from field, and wild loach fry Individual Size differs greatly in the market,
Growth ability is lower, and environmental suitability also has biggish difference, these factors all greatly limit the production of China loach
The large-scale development of industry.Since loach natural propagation oviposition is irregular, ovum grain hatching rate is low, and mud fish fry uniformity is poor, can not
Batch obtains high-quality mud fish fry；Loach epidermal mucus is more, smoother, and when injection, which grabs, catches difficulty；Loach is hastened parturition to common
The effective dose of agent is more demanding；Artificial induced spawning propagation method is taken, can breed mud fish fry in batch, but the people of the prior art
Work induced reproduction technology is still not perfect, and egg laying amount is not high, and rate of fertilization is relatively low, and mud fish fry output is lower, loach growth and development situation
Generally, uniformity is poor；The above a variety of factors constrain loach nursery large-scale production to a certain extent, lead to seed valence
Lattice are high, and the production cost increases.Therefore how to carry out biological control, improve loach ovum rate of fertilization and hatching rate, seed rearing at
Motility rate, reduction labor intensity and reproductive-cost are its key points.
The prior art such as Authorization Notice No. is the Chinese invention patent of CN104126533B, discloses a kind of high-survival rate mud
Loach mating system, including following step: breeding the preparation in pond；Breed the disinfection in pond；The seed selection of parent loach；Parent loach
Pretreatment；Produce surviving of son hatching；The spray hatched is temporarily supported；Nursery pond hot housing；Seedling or sale are put in pond-inputting.Using the above method
Mud fish fry is bred, high survival rate improves the efficiency and hatching rate of cultivation.But manual intervention, mud are not carried out loach is antenatal
The sexual gland nature growth and maturity of loach, extend breeding cycle, while not carrying out unsticking operation to it before incubating oosperm, hold
Fertilized eggs adhesion is easily caused, the hatching rate of fertilized eggs is reduced.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide injures and deaths after a kind of close loach excretion and oviposition are small, hasten parturition high-efficient, laying and
Fertilized quality improves, oviposition and incubation cycle are short, and fertilized eggs adherence is low, is not polluted by outer germs, mud fish fry membrane rate
It is high with high survival rate, uniformity, save the loach breeding induced spawning method of production cost.
The technical solution that the present invention is taken to achieve the above object are as follows:
Loach breeding induced spawning method, including, close loach latency period accelerating process, artificial induced spawning process, Yi Jishou
Smart egg hatching process；Above-mentioned incubating oosperm process then is cultivated by the way that fertilized eggs are placed in after extreme environment intervenes
Hatching.The induced spawning method has compared with hypersensitivity living environment using fertilized eggs, when stimulation of the cell by external environment,
Energy rapid synthesis has the protective substance of self-regeneration, to resist these bad conditions, so that fertilized eggs be made to accelerate into
Starting period obtains higher membrane rate, embryo survival and hatching rate, saves production cost, to meet artificial breeding to loach
The wilderness demand of seedling.
Preferably, extreme environment is that extreme temperature or extreme acidified environment, actual conditions are as follows: hatching water temperature is
CO in 30~35 DEG C or water body2Concentration is 500~2000ppm；Intervention time is 30~120s.Slightly higher temperature and low concentration CO2Make
For a kind of environmental stimuli, hatching brief intervention fertilized eggs early period causes fertilized eggs to generate stress reaction to the external world, protects into self
Protection mechanism, secrets out of such as superoxide dismutase, glutathione, vitamin C, vitamin E protective factors, and the protection secreted
The factor can stimulate fertilized eggs again, and it is made to accelerate into the starting period, so that incubating oosperm membrane speed is promoted, to obtain
Higher membrane rate and hatching rate, while the anti-stress ability of loach seedling is enhanced using brief intervention, and shorten and incubate
Change the time.
Preferably, fertilized eggs first carry out unsticking processing before carrying out hatching process, the unsticking processing is by 3~4 times of weights
The fertilized eggs of amount are placed in unsticking suspension, agitation, until fertilized eggs are all in discrete particles shape, above-mentioned unsticking suspension is to slide
Mountain flour suspension.Loach ovum has certain adhesive, takes unsticking to handle fertilized eggs, reduces the adherence of fertilized eggs, can
To avoid fertilized eggs because of caused by bonding hypoxia death, improve the hatching rate and survival rate of fertilized eggs, and then improve mud fish fry
Output capacity.
Preferably, incubating oosperm process is placed in neutral sterilization electrochemical after unsticking processing and extreme environment are intervened
Hatched in water environment, incubation condition are as follows: 22~26 DEG C of water temperature, pH be 7.0~7.5, dissolved oxygen content be 6~
10mg/L, illumination and dark surrounds are set as light: dark=14h:10h.When the mud fish fry hatched can freely move about, use
Yolk and wheel animalcule mixing are fed, and are collected mud fish fry in due course and are carried out reinforced cultivating.
Further preferably, sodium chloride concentration is 20~100mg/L in neutral sterilization electrochemical water, and effective chlorine mass concentration is 50
~100mg/L, ozone content are 1~3mg/L, and hydrogen peroxide content is 5~15mg/L, and oxidation-reduction potential is 600~700mV；
It is prepared by above-mentioned neutral sterilization electrochemical water 1~2h before oviposition.Sterilization electrochemical water is prepared in advance, can sufficiently be killed in Spawning water
Bacterium, algae, insect pest, and remaining Fungicidal substance is volatilized in time, without being damaged to fertilized eggs, reduce water body to by
The adverse effect of smart egg hatching.
Preferably, close loach latency period accelerating process includes that culture pond prepares and close loach reinforced cultivating；Close loach is strengthened
Incubation step are as follows: the long 10~20cm of selective body, 20~80g of weight, the close loach that sex ration is 1:1.5~3, are 3~5% with concentration
Disinfect with salt solution after, put in a suitable place to breed in culture pond, running water oxygenation, during which feed promote sexual gland maturation medicament.The mature coefficient of loach with
Loach Individual Size is positively correlated, and mature coefficient is higher, and the weight of loach is heavier, body is longer, and fish brood amount is also individual with loach
Size is positively correlated, and loach individual is bigger, and fish brood amount is more, but the excessively long loach of body passes through multiple reproduction activity, will lead to life
Ability decline is grown, therefore the loach of the long 10~20cm of selective body can obtain higher egg laying amount as close loach.
Further preferably, running water oxygenation is to be filled the water by water inlet pipe into culture pond, the flow control of water inlet pipe 0.1~
0.2L/s, being intended into discharge outlet of culture pond cover with bolting silk net, prevent harmful organism from entering pond, escape prevented also from close loach.
Running water oxygenation is carried out in the close loach reinforced cultivating stage, running water and oxygen can be supplemented and bother the life of loach, and adopted
The form intake with miniflow water can stimulate close loach to develop, promoting sexual maturity.
Further preferably, promoting sexual gland maturation medicament includes the Chinese medical concrete being dispersed in matrix；Chinese medical concrete is Chinese medicine original
Material magnetized medium there are in the environment of, extracted under conditions of magnetic field strength is 0.1~0.5T, temperature is 60~75 DEG C, and
Precipitating, concentration are made.The rush sexual gland maturation medicament is applied in close loach latency period, can be promoted using the effective component in Chinese medicine
Gonadal maturation, accelerate the ripening loach ovum to greatest extent, increases laying, and immune by enhancing loach own cells, improves
Its antibacterial ability is conducive to the quality for improving loach sperm and ovum grain and fertilization survival rate of ovum, improves hatching rate and planting percent,
The recovery and stabilization of constitution, reduce the injures and deaths of close loach after assisting loach parent to lay eggs, and reduce the period of oviposition and are produced into
This.
Still further preferably, magnetized medium includes azone and ethyl caprate, and additive amount is respectively Chinese medicine material weight
The 0.14~0.22% and 0.12~0.18% of amount.Chinese medicine juice is placed in magnetic field and is extracted, hydrone can be made to be arranged with
Sequence degree is higher, forms the molecular cluster that activity is high, water ring is big, can accommodate more water soluble molecules, aqueous soluble active constituent
It is easier to enter hydrone annular spaces.Azone and ethyl caprate are added in magnetization extraction, on the one hand destroy by magnetic field thin
Covalent structure on after birth between oligose peptide and polypeptide chain contained by glycoprotein is broken iuntercellular plasmodesmus, and enhancing is extracted molten
On the other hand the transdermal effect of agent forms electric double layer with activated water molecule cluster so that extraction efficiency and yield rate increase, change
Charge balance in system is made the tannin for being not easy to be absorbed by organisms form slightly solubility precipitating and be removed, is reduced the row of loach with this
Discharge reduces breeding water body pollution, and increases the storage-stable and palatability of medicament.
Still further preferably, steps are as follows for precipitation concentration: magnetization being extracted to obtain decoction filtering, takes filtrate at 70~90 DEG C
Concentration, the dehydrated alcohol that 3~5 times of amounts are then added staticly settle 5~8h, take alcohol precipitation supernatant, after recycling ethyl alcohol and being concentrated, i.e.,
Obtain Chinese medical concrete.It is to remove impurity and retain effective ingredient that ethyl alcohol, which is added, and effective component turns to be dissolved in ethyl alcohol, and impurity
Such as water mentions mucilaginous substance in medical fluid, pigment, inorganic salts water-solubility impurity, then is precipitated in flocculent deposit, to reach purification finished product, mentions
The purpose of high finished dosage form quality.
Still further preferably, Chinese medical concrete standby raw material and its parts by weight are as follows: 3~5 parts of bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae, dried human placenta 2~3
Part, 4~6 parts of radix paeoniae rubra, 3~5 parts of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, 5~7 parts of cortex cinnamomi, 4~7 parts of raspberry, 2~8 parts of motherwort, 5~8 parts of the seed of cowherb,
6~7 parts of Eclipta prostrata, 5~9 parts of Herba Epimedii, 3~6 parts of actinolite, 4~7 parts of thizoma curculiginis, 6~8 parts of Morinda officinalis, 5~9 parts of fluorite,
4~8 parts of rheum officinale.Above-mentioned various Chinese medicine materials have the function of tonifying kidney and strengthening yang, controlling nocturnal emission with astringent drugs of promoting the sexual maturity, excited ovary, can also promote son
The development in palace, vagina, mammary gland improves hypophysis and reacts the release of hypothalamus, luteotropic hormone, passes through the collaboration of various composition
Cooperation, the sexual gland maturation development that can be effectively facilitated close loach increase fertilized eggs quantity and deposit to improve smart archiblast amount and quantity
Motility rate also assists in the recovery and stabilization of constitution after loach parent oviposition, reduces the injures and deaths of close loach.
Further preferably, promote to feed or directly splash in culture pond after sexual gland maturation medicament can be mixed with feed.
Further preferably, it cultivates bottom of pond portion and is equipped with overflowing device；Overflowing device is provided that first to be spread in culture pond bottom of pond
Mesh diameter is the close net of 100~150 purposes, is then the dilute net of 16~20 purposes, close net and dilute in close online layings mesh diameter
The edge of net is intended to extend to the edge of culture pond.The setting of overflowing device be in order to reach 80 in close loach mating produce surviving of son rate~
When 85%, pull-up culture pond dilute net at the middle and upper levels allows Fertilized Eggs of Loach to drain in time following close online, with what is prevented
Fertilized eggs are eaten up by male parent, are also facilitated and are shifted the parent loach for having produced son in time.
Still further preferably, culture pond need to carry out disinfection before, that is, use copper sulphate and mixture of ferrous sulfate full pool spilling head,
Above-mentioned copper sulphate dosage is 0.8~1.5g/m3, copper sulphate and ferrous sulfate specific gravity are 4~5:2.5.
Preferably, oxytocic drug used in artificial induced spawning process and its parts by weight are as follows: human chorionic gonadtropin 15~
18 parts, 25~30 parts of maleic acid dioxone, 10~23 parts of gonadal hormone of luteotropin release；The injection dosage of oxytocic drug is female
Loach 0.2~0.3mg/ tail, male 0.1~0.2mg/ of loach tail.
Further preferably, it needs to carry out disinfection after close loach injection oxytocic drug in artificial induced spawning process, above-mentioned disinfection is specifically done
Method is: parent loach being put into 5~7min of immersion in 3~4% double-chain quaternary ammonium salt liquid or 4~4.5% povidone iodine, so
It is put into the water launched and have disinfection precious and carries out disinfection afterwards.
Further preferably, before oxytocic drug injection, MS-222 anesthetic is added into close loach culture pond, close loach is made to enter fiber crops
After liquor-saturated state, manual injection's oxytocic drug to its natural mating and is laid eggs.
The invention has the benefit that
1) the antenatal absorption to sexual gland maturation medicament is promoted of loach in the present invention, accelerate the ripening loach ovum to greatest extent, increases oviposition
Number can improve the quality of sperm Yu ovum grain, improve fertilization survival rate of ovum, hatching rate and planting percent, also assist in loach parent oviposition
The recovery and stabilization of constitution afterwards reduces the injures and deaths of close loach, and medicament palatability and storage-stable are excellent；
2) before hatching in the present invention to fertilized eggs, brief intervention is carried out to it using extreme environment, causes fertilized eggs
Stress reaction is generated to the external world, and it is made to accelerate into the starting period, so that incubating oosperm membrane speed is promoted, to obtain more
High membrane rate and hatching rate, while the anti-stress ability of loach seedling is enhanced using brief intervention, and shorten hatching
Time；
3) method that artificial induced spawning is used in the present invention, spawning effect is good, improves the efficiency of cultivation, reduces oviposition
Period and production cost can not only promote the development of close loach sexual gland, but also be avoided that fertilized eggs in bottom of pond using flowing water flow oxygenation
Deposition and anoxic is lethal；
4) present invention is in most cost-saving range, using the cooperation of dilute net, close net, separate in time loach parent and by
Smart ovum effectively prevents the phenomenon that close loach eats ovum grain, while taking unsticking to handle fertilized eggs, reduces the adherence of fertilized eggs,
Fertilized eggs hypoxia death because of caused by bonding is avoided, outer germs pollution is reduced, improves the hatching rate and survival rate of fertilized eggs,
And then improve the output capacity of mud fish fry；
5) induced spawning method is easy to operate in the present invention, hastens parturition high-efficient, and mud fish fry output is high, and loach growth and development is good, whole
Qi Dugao can satisfy artificial breeding largely to the demand of mud fish fry, medicament extraction efficiency and high yield rate used, moreover it is possible to reduce
The excretion of loach reduces breeding water body pollution.
Present invention employs above-mentioned technical proposals to provide loach breeding induced spawning method, compensates for the prior art not
Foot, reasonable design, easy operation.
Specific embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with specific embodiment:
Embodiment 1:
Loach breeding induced spawning method, including, close loach latency period accelerating process, artificial induced spawning process, Yi Jishou
Smart egg hatching process；Above-mentioned incubating oosperm process then is cultivated by the way that fertilized eggs are placed in after extreme environment intervenes
Hatching.The induced spawning method has compared with hypersensitivity living environment using fertilized eggs, when stimulation of the cell by external environment,
Energy rapid synthesis has the protective substance of self-regeneration, to resist these bad conditions, so that fertilized eggs be made to accelerate into
Starting period obtains higher membrane rate, embryo survival and hatching rate, saves production cost, to meet artificial breeding to loach
The wilderness demand of seedling.
Extreme environment is extreme temperature environment, and actual conditions are as follows: hatching water temperature is 35 DEG C, intervention time 60s.
Slightly higher temperature and low concentration CO2As a kind of environmental stimuli, hatching brief intervention fertilized eggs early period causes fertilized eggs to produce the external world
Raw stress reaction secrets out of such as superoxide dismutase, glutathione, vitamin C, vitamin E into self-protective mechanism
Protective factors, and the protective factors secreted can stimulate fertilized eggs, and it is made to accelerate into the starting period, so that incubating oosperm
Membrane speed is promoted, to obtain higher membrane rate and hatching rate, while enhancing the anti-of loach seedling using brief intervention
Stress ability, and shorten brooding time.
Fertilized eggs first carry out unsticking processing before carrying out hatching process, and the unsticking processing is to set the fertilized eggs of 3 times of weight
In unsticking suspension, agitation, until fertilized eggs are all in discrete particles shape, above-mentioned unsticking suspension is talcum powder suspension.
Loach ovum has certain adhesive, takes unsticking to handle fertilized eggs, reduces the adherence of fertilized eggs, can be to avoid fertilized eggs
The hypoxia death because of caused by bonding improves the hatching rate and survival rate of fertilized eggs, and then improves the output capacity of mud fish fry.
Incubating oosperm process by unsticking processing and extreme environment intervene after, be placed in neutral sterilization electrochemical water environment into
Row hatching, incubation condition are as follows: 22 DEG C of water temperature, pH 7.0, dissolved oxygen content 7mg/L, illumination are set as with dark surrounds
Light: dark=14h:10h.When the mud fish fry hatched can freely move about, fed using yolk and wheel animalcule mixing, in due course
It collects mud fish fry and carries out reinforced cultivating.
Sodium chloride concentration is 20mg/L in neutral sterilization electrochemical water, and effective chlorine mass concentration is 50mg/L, and ozone content is
3mg/L, hydrogen peroxide content 15mg/L, oxidation-reduction potential 700mV；Above-mentioned neutral sterilization electrochemical water 1h system before oviposition
It is standby.Sterilization electrochemical water is prepared in advance, can sufficiently kill bacterium, algae, insect pest in Spawning water, and by remaining germicide
Matter is volatilized in time, without damaging to fertilized eggs, reduces adverse effect of the water body to incubating oosperm.
Close loach latency period accelerating process includes that culture pond prepares and close loach reinforced cultivating；Close loach reinforced cultivating step
Are as follows: the long 12cm of selective body, weight 30g, the close loach that sex ration is 1:1.5 are put in a suitable place to breed after being 3% disinfect with salt solution with concentration in training
It educates in pond, during which running water oxygenation feeds and promotees sexual gland maturation medicament.The mature coefficient of loach is positively correlated with loach Individual Size,
Mature coefficient is higher, and the weight of loach is heavier, body is longer, and fish brood amount is also positively correlated with loach Individual Size, loach individual
Bigger fish brood amount is more, but the excessively long loach of body passes through multiple reproduction activity, will lead to fecundity decline, therefore selective body
The loach of long 10~20cm can obtain higher egg laying amount as close loach.
Running water oxygenation is to be filled the water by water inlet pipe into culture pond, the flow control of water inlet pipe in 0.1L/s, culture pond
It is intended to cover with bolting silk net into discharge outlet, prevents harmful organism from entering pond, escape prevented also from close loach.In close loach reinforced cultivating rank
The oxygenation of Duan Jinhang running water, can supplement running water and oxygen and bother the life of loach, and using the shape of miniflow water water inlet
Formula can stimulate close loach to develop, promoting sexual maturity.
Promoting sexual gland maturation medicament includes the Chinese medical concrete being dispersed in matrix；Chinese medical concrete is Chinese medicine material in magnetized medium
In the presence of in the environment of, extracted under conditions of magnetic field strength is 0.1T, temperature is 75 DEG C, and precipitate, be concentrated be made.The rush sexual gland
Mature medicament is applied in close loach latency period, can promote gonadal maturation using the effective component in Chinese medicine, to greatest extent
Accelerate the ripening loach ovum, increases laying, and immune by enhancing loach own cells, improves its antibacterial ability, be conducive to improve
The quality and fertilization survival rate of ovum of loach sperm and ovum grain, improve hatching rate and planting percent, also assist in body after loach parent oviposition
The recovery and stabilization of matter, reduce the injures and deaths of close loach, reduce period and the production cost of oviposition.
Magnetized medium includes azone and ethyl caprate, and additive amount is respectively 0.15% He of Chinese medicine material weight
0.13%.Chinese medicine juice is placed in magnetic field and is extracted, the orderly aligned degree of hydrone can be made higher, forms activity height, water
The big molecular cluster of ring, can accommodate more water soluble molecules, and aqueous soluble active constituent is also easier to enter hydrone annular spaces.Month
Azone and ethyl caprate are added in magnetization extraction, on the one hand destroy on cell membrane oligose peptide contained by glycoprotein and more by magnetic field
Covalent structure between peptide chain, make iuntercellular plasmodesmus be broken, enhance the transdermal effect of Extraction solvent so that extraction efficiency and
Yield rate increases, and electric double layer is on the other hand formed with activated water molecule cluster, and charge balance in change system makes to be not easy by body
The tannin of absorption forms slightly solubility precipitating and is removed, and reduces the excretion of loach with this, reduces breeding water body pollution, and increases
The storage-stable and palatability of medicament.
Steps are as follows for precipitation concentration: magnetization being extracted to obtain decoction filtering, takes filtrate to be concentrated at 70 DEG C, is then added 3 times
The dehydrated alcohol of amount staticly settles 8h, takes alcohol precipitation supernatant, to get Chinese medical concrete after recycling ethyl alcohol and being concentrated.Ethyl alcohol, which is added, is
Retain effective ingredient to remove impurity, effective component turns to be dissolved in ethyl alcohol, and impurity such as water propose mucilaginous substance in medical fluid, color
The water-solubility impurities such as element, inorganic salts are then precipitated in flocculent deposit, to reach purification finished product, improve the purpose of finished dosage form quality.
Chinese medical concrete standby raw material and its parts by weight are as follows: 3 parts of bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae, 2 parts of dried human placenta, 6 parts of radix paeoniae rubra, 5 parts of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae,
5 parts of cortex cinnamomi, 4 parts of raspberry, 8 parts of motherwort, 8 parts of the seed of cowherb, 6 parts of Eclipta prostrata, 5 parts of Herba Epimedii, 6 parts of actinolite, thizoma curculiginis 7
Part, 6 parts of Morinda officinalis, 5 parts of fluorite, 8 parts of rheum officinale.Above-mentioned various Chinese medicine materials have tonifying kidney and strengthening yang, controlling nocturnal emission with astringent drugs of promoting the sexual maturity, excited ovary
Effect, can also promote the development in uterus, vagina, mammary gland, it is anti-to the release of hypothalamus, luteotropic hormone to improve hypophysis
It answers, by the coordinated of various composition, the sexual gland maturation development of close loach can be effectively facilitated, to improve smart archiblast amount sum number
Amount, increases fertilized eggs quantity and survival rate, also assists in the recovery and stabilization of constitution after loach parent oviposition, reduces close loach
Injures and deaths.
Promote to feed or directly splash in culture pond after sexual gland maturation medicament can be mixed with feed.
It cultivates bottom of pond portion and is equipped with overflowing device；Overflowing device is provided that first spreading mesh diameter in culture pond bottom of pond is
Then the close net of 130 purposes is the dilute net of 16 purposes in close online laying mesh diameter, the edge of close net and dilute net is intended to extend to training
Educate the edge in pond.The setting of overflowing device be in order to close loach mating produce surviving of son rate reach 80~85% when, pull-up culture pond
Dilute net at the middle and upper levels drained in time by be allowed Fertilized Eggs of Loach following close online, eaten up with the fertilized eggs prevented by male parent,
Also facilitate and shift the parent loach for having produced son in time.
Culture pond need to carry out disinfection before, i.e., with copper sulphate and mixture of ferrous sulfate full pool spilling head, above-mentioned copper sulphate use
Amount is 0.8g/m3, copper sulphate and ferrous sulfate specific gravity are 4:2.5.
Oxytocic drug used in artificial induced spawning process and its parts by weight are as follows: 15 parts of human chorionic gonadtropin, maleic acid
25 parts of Europe ketone, luteotropin discharge 23 parts of gonadal hormone；The injection dosage of oxytocic drug is female loach 0.2mg/ tail, male loach
0.1mg/ tail.The depth into needle is efficiently controlled when injection, our plastic tubes on the base portion set of syringe needle reveal syringe needle
2~3mm out, entering needle angle is to inject with fish body in 30~45° angle, is inserted into from the front to the back, contact pin 2~3mm of depth, injection site
On the basis of muscle of back or dorsal fin front lower place two sides.When the hormone suitable injection time is 16:00~18:00, oxytocic is injected
After 8~12h of object, when finding that male and female parent loach chases mutually, that is, start the spawning and fertilization of natural mating.
It needs to carry out disinfection after close loach injection oxytocic drug in artificial induced spawning process, above-mentioned disinfection specific practice is: by parent
Loach, which is put into 3% double-chain quaternary ammonium salt liquid, impregnates 5min, is then placed in the water launched and have disinfection precious and carries out disinfection.
Before oxytocic drug injection, MS-222 anesthetic, after so that close loach is entered narcosis, people are added into close loach culture pond
Work injects oxytocic drug, to its natural mating and lays eggs.
Embodiment 2:
Loach breeding induced spawning method, specifically includes the following steps:
1) prepare bottom to fill the water again after then filling the water into pond and sterilizing 3h equipped with the culture pond of overflowing device, and protect
Constant 25 DEG C of pool inner water temperature are held, above-mentioned culture pond disinfection is with copper sulphate and mixture of ferrous sulfate full pool spilling head, copper sulphate dosage
For 1.2g/m3, copper sulphate and ferrous sulfate specific gravity are 4.5:2.5, and above-mentioned overflowing device is provided that first to be spread in culture pond bottom of pond
Upper mesh diameter is the close net of 150 purposes, is then the dilute net of 20 purposes, the edge of close net and dilute net in close online laying mesh diameter
It is intended to extend to the edge of culture pond；
2) it after the close loach that the long 17cm of selective body, weight 50g, sex ration are 1:2 is 5% disinfect with salt solution with concentration, places
In culture pond, running water oxygenation, during which the flow control of water inlet pipe feeds in 0.2L/s and promotees sexual gland maturation medicament；
3) to close loach latency period, MS-222 anesthetic, after so that close loach is entered narcosis, people are added into culture pond
Culture pond is put back to after work injection oxytocic drug, to its natural mating, needs to carry out disinfection after close loach injection oxytocic drug, specific practice
It is: parent loach is put into 4.5% povidone iodine and impregnates 7min, is then placed in the water launched and have disinfection precious and disappears
Poison, above-mentioned oxytocic drug and its parts by weight are as follows: 17 parts of human chorionic gonadtropin, 28 parts of maleic acid dioxone, luteotropin
18 parts of gonadal hormone of release, above-mentioned oxytocic drug injection dosage are female loach 0.3mg/ tail, male loach 0.2mg/ tail；
4) when loach produce surviving of son rate reaches 85%, dilute net in pull-up hatchery allows Fertilized Eggs of Loach to drain in time
Following is close online, and then the fertilized eggs of 4 times of weight are placed in unsticking suspension, are stirred, until fertilized eggs are all in dispersion
Graininess, above-mentioned unsticking suspension are talcum powder suspension；
5) fertilized eggs after unsticking are placed in CO in water body2Intervene 90s in the environment that concentration is 1000ppm, is subsequently placed in
25 DEG C of water temperature, pH7.5, dissolved oxygen content 10mg/L neutral sterilization electrochemical water environment in hatched, illumination and dark
Environment is set as light: dark=14h:10h is mixed into when the mud fish fry hatched can freely move about using yolk and wheel animalcule
Row is fed, and is collected mud fish fry in due course and is carried out reinforced cultivating.
Above-mentioned steps 5) in neutral sterilization electrochemical water in sodium chloride concentration be 100mg/L, effective chlorine mass concentration is
80mg/L, ozone content 3mg/L, hydrogen peroxide content 5mg/L, oxidation-reduction potential 600mV；Above-mentioned neutral sterilization electrochemical
It is prepared by water 1h before oviposition.
Above-mentioned steps 2) in rush sexual gland maturation medicament in Chinese medical concrete preparation step it is as follows: take Chinese medicine to be crushed 100
After mesh, the water that magnetized medium and 4 times of amounts is added are mixed, and being subsequently placed in magnetic field strength is 0.3T, under conditions of temperature is 65 DEG C
30min is extracted, magnetization is extracted into obtain decoction filtering, takes filtrate to be concentrated at 85 DEG C, the dehydrated alcohols that 4 times of amounts are then added are stood
Precipitate 7h, take alcohol precipitation supernatant, to get Chinese medical concrete after recycling ethyl alcohol and being concentrated, above-mentioned magnetized medium include azone and
Ethyl caprate, additive amount are respectively the 0.2% and 0.18% of Chinese medicine material weight.Above-mentioned Chinese medical concrete standby raw material and its
Parts by weight are as follows: 5 parts of bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae, 3 parts of dried human placenta, 5 parts of radix paeoniae rubra, 4 parts of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, 5 parts of cortex cinnamomi, 7 parts of raspberry, 5 parts of motherwort, king
7 parts of row, 7 parts of Eclipta prostrata, 6 parts of Herba Epimedii, 6 parts of actinolite, 4 parts of thizoma curculiginis, 8 parts of Morinda officinalis, 8 parts of fluorite, 7 parts of rheum officinale are not stayed.
Embodiment 3:
Loach breeding induced spawning method optimizes unsticking processing step therein, and concrete measure is as follows: working as loach
When produce surviving of son rate reaches 85%, dilute net in pull-up hatchery allows Fertilized Eggs of Loach to drain in time following close online, then
The fertilized eggs of 4 times of weight are placed in unsticking suspension, are stirred, until fertilized eggs are all in discrete particles shape, above-mentioned unsticking is outstanding
Supernatant liquid is that talcum powder, dextrorotation 4- methyl -2- amylalcohol, abscisic acid with the ratio of weight ratio 1:0.08:0.04 mix made suspension,
It since loach ovum is adhesive egg, and is demersal egg, after the completion of natural mating, fertilized eggs are easy to be bonded together, into detackifier
After dextrorotation 4- methyl -2- amylalcohol and abscisic acid is added, the α and beta unsaturated ketone structure and dextroisomer of high activity act synergistically,
In conjunction with the hydrogen atom of Amino Acids in Proteins on fertilized egg cell's film, to generate stimulation, fertilized eggs is inhibited to divide outward
Viscose object is secreted, and then sloughs the adherence of fertilized eggs, while there can be protective effect to fertilized egg cell, can both stimulate fertilized eggs
High activity is kept, and the fungi on fertilized eggs can be attached to outside and generate pessimal stimulation, pathogen contamination is reduced, improves fertilized eggs
Hatching rate and survival rate.
The present embodiment is optimized on the basis of embodiment 2, consistent in other steps and embodiment 2, completes loach
The artificial induced spawning of cultivation.
Embodiment 4:
The present embodiment is to compare test on the basis of embodiment 2, in Chinese medical concrete preparation, is not added with including the moon
It is consistent in the magnetized medium of azone and ethyl caprate, other steps and embodiment 2, complete the artificial induced spawning of loach breeding.
Embodiment 5:
The present embodiment is to compare test on the basis of embodiment 2, when carrying out close loach reinforced cultivating not to close loach
It feeds and promotees sexual gland maturation medicament, it is consistent in other steps and embodiment 2, complete the artificial induced spawning of loach breeding.
Embodiment 6:
The present embodiment is to compare test on the basis of embodiment 2, does not carry out unsticking before carrying out incubating oosperm
It is consistent in processing, other steps and embodiment 2, complete the artificial induced spawning of loach breeding.
Embodiment 7:
The present embodiment is to compare test on the basis of embodiment 2, is not carried out before carrying out incubating oosperm extreme
It is consistent in environment intervention, other steps and embodiment 2, complete the artificial induced spawning of loach breeding.
Embodiment 8:
The test of loach breeding artificial induced spawning
In certain loach breeding production base, using the induced spawning method in Examples 1 to 7 as test group 1~7, choose female
Loach 70, male loach 135 is divided into 7 groups, carries out artificial induced spawning with each test group method respectively.In fertilized eggs embryonic development
Primitive gut mid-term, visually observe ovum grain, in ovum yolk and egg membrane boundary significantly be fertilized eggs, muddy is unfertilized
Ovum；The loach fry nurturing period disables disinfectant, using bacillus preparation regulating water quality, until the completion of all fertilized eggs is incubated
Change, test result such as the following table 1.
1 loach breeding artificial induced spawning test result of table
| Laying/grain | Fertilized eggs/grain | Rate of fertilization/% | Hatching rate/% | Planting percent/% | |
| Test group 1 | 94568 | 88043 | 93.1 | 87.6 | 92.6 |
| Test group 2 | 96267 | 89432 | 92.9 | 86.2 | 92.4 |
| Test group 3 | 93693 | 87322 | 93.2 | 91.9 | 92.8 |
| Test group 4 | 83869 | 77327 | 92.2 | 86.4 | 91.1 |
| Test group 5 | 74845 | 68708 | 91.8 | 87.6 | 88.9 |
| Test group 6 | 92458 | 86356 | 93.4 | 75.2 | 92.5 |
| Test group 7 | 94693 | 87266 | 92.1 | 82.3 | 90.6 |
As seen from the above table, rush sexual gland maturation medicament is not fed to close loach when hastening parturition due to 5 groups of test, so 5 groups of test
Laying be significantly lower than other groups, while testing 5 groups of planting percent and being substantially less than other groups, illustrate hatching of the medicament to loach
There is certain beneficial effect, hatching seedling can be enhanced to extraneous anti-stress ability, though and the laying and planting percent of 4 groups of test
So be higher than 5 groups of test, but be still below other groups, is made due to being not added with azone and ethyl caprate in reagent preparation process
It is slightly poor to obtain reagent effectiveness；It is minimum to test 6 groups of hatching rate, is to lead to part due to not carrying out unsticking processing during hastening parturition
Fertilized eggs bonding is agglomerating, and internal anoxic is lethal, and then hatching rate is low；The hatching rate highest for testing 4 groups, is significantly higher than other
Group is due to joined 4- methyl -2- amylalcohol and abscisic acid when unsticking processing, so the hatching rate highest of fertilized eggs, can obtain
Maximum productivity effect；Testing 7 groups and relatively testing 1~5 group of hatching rate is to illustrate pole since fertilized eggs do not use extreme environment to stimulate
End ring border, which is intervened, is beneficial to the hatching of fertilized eggs membrane.
The prior art of routine techniques dawn known to those skilled in the art in above-described embodiment, therefore herein no longer in detail
It repeats.
The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention, and not limitation of the present invention, the ordinary skill people of this field
Member can also make a variety of changes and modification without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.Therefore, all equivalent
Technical solution also belong to scope of the invention, scope of patent protection of the invention should be defined by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. loach breeding induced spawning method, it is characterised in that: including close loach latency period accelerating process, artificial induced spawning work
Sequence and incubating oosperm process；The incubating oosperm process be by by fertilized eggs be placed in extreme environment intervene after, then
Carry out cultivation hatching.
2. loach breeding induced spawning method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the extreme environment is extreme temperature
Degree or extreme acidified environment, actual conditions are as follows: hatching water temperature is CO in 30~35 DEG C or water body2Concentration be 500~
2000ppm；The intervention time is 30~120s.
3. loach breeding induced spawning method according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: the fertilized eggs are incubated
Unsticking processing is first carried out before chemical industry sequence, the unsticking processing is that the fertilized eggs of 3~4 times of weight are placed in unsticking suspension, is stirred
It is dynamic, until fertilized eggs are all in discrete particles shape.
4. loach breeding induced spawning method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: parent's loach latency period promotees
Ripe process includes that culture pond prepares and close loach reinforced cultivating；Parent's loach reinforced cultivating step are as follows: by sex ration be 1:1.5~3
Close loach disinfection after, put in a suitable place to breed in culture pond, running water oxygenation, during which feed promote sexual gland maturation medicament.
5. loach breeding induced spawning method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: the rush sexual gland maturation medicament packet
Include the Chinese medical concrete being dispersed in matrix；The Chinese medical concrete be Chinese medicine material magnetized medium there are in the environment of, in magnetic field
Intensity is 0.1~0.5T, temperature extracts under conditions of being 60~75 DEG C, and precipitate, be concentrated be made.
6. loach breeding induced spawning method according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: the magnetized medium includes laurel
Azone and ethyl caprate, additive amount are respectively the 0.14~0.22% and 0.12~0.18% of Chinese medicine material weight.
7. loach breeding induced spawning method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: the rush sexual gland maturation medicament can
It feeds after being mixed with feed or directly splashes in culture pond.
8. loach breeding induced spawning method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: the cultivation bottom of pond portion is equipped with row
Overflow device；The overflowing device is provided that first spreading mesh diameter in culture pond bottom of pond is the close net of 100~150 purposes, then
It is the dilute net of 16~20 purposes in close online laying mesh diameter, the edge of close net and dilute net is intended to extend to the edge of culture pond.
9. loach breeding induced spawning method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: used in the artificial induced spawning process
Oxytocic drug and its parts by weight are as follows: 15~18 parts of human chorionic gonadtropin, 25~30 parts of maleic acid dioxone, luteotropin
10~23 parts of gonadal hormone of release；The injection dosage of the oxytocic drug is female 0.2~0.3mg/ of loach tail, male loach 0.1~
0.2mg/ tail.
10. loach breeding induced spawning method according to claim 9, it is characterised in that: before the oxytocic drug injection,
MS-222 anesthetic, after so that close loach is entered narcosis, manual injection's oxytocic drug, to its nature are added into close loach culture pond
It mates and lays eggs.
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