CN109520429A - The few spectrum sample point high-speed measuring system and method for white light interference type optical fiber Fabry-Perot sensor - Google Patents
The few spectrum sample point high-speed measuring system and method for white light interference type optical fiber Fabry-Perot sensor Download PDFInfo
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- CN109520429A CN109520429A CN201811419298.4A CN201811419298A CN109520429A CN 109520429 A CN109520429 A CN 109520429A CN 201811419298 A CN201811419298 A CN 201811419298A CN 109520429 A CN109520429 A CN 109520429A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/14—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring distance or clearance between spaced objects or spaced apertures
Abstract
The present invention relates to the few spectrum sample point high-speed measuring systems and method of a kind of white light interference type optical fiber Fabry-Perot sensor, belong to technical field of optical fiber sensing.The system includes wideband light source, optical circulator, wavelength division multiplexer, photodetection group, high-speed parallel acquisition subsystem and demodulation computing subsystem；This method comprises: S1: utilizing wavelength division multiplexer, photodetector group, high speed acquisition subsystem, the wide spectrum that optical fiber Fabry-Perot sensor exports is decomposed into the limited narrow spectral signal in the road N；S2: the muting road N Perfect Interferometry spectral signal, and the difference construction probability density function with the obtained actual signal of S1 are constructed.S3: solution makes the maximum estimator of probability density function, obtains the maximum-likelihood estimator of the long L of chamber.The present invention starts in terms of the spectra collection of few sampled point and data processing method and software algorithm and hardware two respectively, the resource occupation of data acquisition and procession is greatly reduced, to break through the bottleneck of its measuring speed.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of optical fiber sensing, the few spectrum for being related to a kind of white light interference type optical fiber Fabry-Perot sensor is adopted
Sampling point high-speed measuring system and method.
Background technique
For the rotating machineries such as steam turbine and the hydraulic turbine, generator and engine, centrifuge and lathe, movement
Micro-displacement/gap high speed dynamic of component is monitored on-line, for new-product development and operational safety guarantee, is all had important
Meaning.Due to the advantages such as fibre optical sensor is small in size, electromagnetism interference, sensor side are not charged, in this kind of micro-displacement/gap
Paid attention in high speed dynamic on-line monitoring.And in all kinds of fibre optical sensors, white light interference type fibre optical sensor is because utilizing width
Spectrum carries the characteristics of more large information capacity, so that the advantage big with measurement accuracy height, strong antijamming capability, dynamic range, is
Micro-displacement/gap monitoring one of promising approach.
The key of white light interference type optical fiber Fabry-Perot sensor demodulation solves Fabry-perot optical fiber using its wide spectrum interference signal
The long L of chamber, this needs to carry out the complete spectrum comprising thousands of a spectroscopic datas sampling and operation, this leads to the sampling of spectrum and letter
Number demodulation all suffer from that data volume is big, slow-footed problem.Therefore the whole measurement of white light interference type Fabry-perot optical fiber sensor-based system
Speed is difficult to more than 1kHz.This greatlys restrict development of this kind of sensor in high speed dynamic microdisplacement/clearance measurement.
1, problem status
Obviously, the big data quantity spectrum sample of wide spectrum interference signal, the demodulation calculating of big data quantity signal are that limitation is existing
Two big core problems of white light interference type sensor-based system demodulation speed, therefore sample from spectroscopic data and demodulate two angles of calculating
Seek to break through, exactly breaks through white light interference type optical fiber Fabry-Perot sensor sensing speed, realizes that high speed dynamic measures two is big crucial
Link.
In terms of spectroscopic data sampling, most conventional methods are that its spectroscopic data is acquired with spectral instrument, and wherein most
Typical micro spectrometer be the light beam of each wavelength is spatially separated using beam splitter, recycle linear array detector into
Row spectrum sample.Since the output of photodetector array is using serial sampling output mode pixel-by-pixel, sampling
Rate is the bottleneck for limiting the spectrum sample speed of spectrometer；Although occurring one in the market recently as the development of technology
Serial frame rate is more than the high speed spectrometer of 1kHz, but is difficult have room for promotion again, and it is expensive.Another kind of spectrum sample
Mode, then be using MEMS mechanical oscillation generation wavelength variation high speed sweeping laser spectrometer, but its spectrum sample rate by
To the limitation of MEMS vibration frequency, it has been difficult further to be promoted on the basis of the commercial product of current tens kHz rank, valence
Lattice are also costly.
And in terms of the demodulation calculating of spectral signal, the demodulating algorithm based on Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is still research and answers
Mainstream also develops the methods of Bonneman Frequency Estimation, quick all phase method on this basis, they must be carried out greatly
The calculating of data volume can be only achieved expected demodulation accuracy.
Although the research in terms of the sampling of spectrum and the demodulation of data calculate two can be promoted existing to a certain extent
There is the speed of white light interference type Fabry-perot optical fiber sensing demodulating system, but promote limited extent, high speed and super precision can not be solved at all
Spend the demand of measurement.
2, question classification
It is calculated from the demodulation of data, since wide spectrum has thousands of a original spectral datas, this just determines demodulation meter
It is thousands of for calculating master data amount to be treated.And in order to guarantee the precision of demodulation calculating, algorithm usually also needs Fourier
The processes such as zero padding, spectrum difference, signal phase extraction are converted, that is, also need additionally to increase virtual spectroscopic data amount, this
The big data volume of sample requires corresponding arithmetic hardware and software, exactly restricts the key point of its demodulation speed.
From problem above analysis as can be seen that in white light interference type fibre optical sensor, the original wide light of big data quantity
Spectrum interference data requires intensive spectral signal sampling to calculate with processing, this is both the key for guaranteeing its high-precision and demodulating, and
Limit the key of its demodulation speed.Therefore under the premise of not reducing demodulation accuracy, reduction spectrum sample concentration, by dilute
The demodulating algorithm method of spectrum sample is dredged, the demodulating algorithm and technology for studying few spectrum sample point are realized, are likely to fundamentally
Break through the speed bottle-neck of white light interference type Fabry-perot optical fiber measuring system.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of few spectrum samples of white light interference type optical fiber Fabry-Perot sensor
The demodulation method and system of point, respectively from the spectra collection of few sampled point and the hardware system of data processing and two side of software algorithm
Face is started with, and the resource occupation of data acquisition and procession is greatly reduced, to break through its speed bottle-neck.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
A kind of system hardware of few spectrum sample point demodulation of white light interference type optical fiber Fabry-Perot sensor, as shown in Fig. 2, packet
Wideband light source, optical circulator, wavelength division multiplexer, photodetector group, high-speed parallel acquisition subsystem and data demodulation is included to calculate
Subsystem etc.；The demodulating system can realize sparse splitting and acquisition in wide spectral range, that is, realize as shown in Fig. 1 (b)
Sparse sampling.
The wideband light source, optical circulator, wavelength division multiplexer, photodetector group, high-speed parallel acquisition subsystem sum number
It is sequentially connected according to demodulation computing subsystem, constitutes few spectrum sample point demodulating system；The optical fiber Fabry-Perot sensor and few light
Compose the connection of sampled point demodulating system；
The wideband light source is for providing the high power stabilized light source of wide spectrum, low degree of polarization；
The optical circulator is used for the wide range optical signal unidirectional delivery that issues light source to sensor, while will be by Fiber Optic Sensor
The interference light signal one-way transmission that amber sensor returns is to demodulating system；
The wavelength division multiplexer is used to for the wide spectrum interference light signal that optical fiber Fabry-Perot sensor returns to be separated into the road N difference
The narrowband optical signal of wavelength；
For the photodetector group by forming with the matched N number of photodetector of wavelength division multiplexer, each detector is only
The vertical optical signal for receiving a wavelength forms the parallel analog electrical signal output in the road N；
The high-speed parallel acquisition subsystem is used to filter the road the N electric signal amplification that photodetection group exports, be converted to
Digital signal, and acquire, cache, so that follow-up system carries out demodulation calculating；
The demodulation computing subsystem is used to carry out high speed processing calculating to N railway digital signal, realizes N number of spectroscopic data
High speed demodulates.
A kind of high speed demodulation software for calculation algorithm of few spectrum sample point of white light interference type optical fiber Fabry-Perot sensor, the party
Method the following steps are included:
S1: utilizing wavelength division multiplexer, photodetector group and high-speed parallel acquisition subsystem, and optical fiber Fabry-Perot sensor is defeated
It is decomposed into the limited narrow spectral signal in the road N out, and acquires, cache respectively；
S2: constructing the muting road N Perfect Interferometry spectral signal, and the difference construction of itself and actual signal obtained in S1 is made an uproar
The probability density function of sound characteristics；
S3: solution makes the maximum estimator of probability density function, to obtain the maximum-likelihood estimator of the long L of chamber.
Further, in step S2, the real cosine function form of the Perfect Interferometry spectral signal are as follows:
In=I0R[1-cos(4πLk)] (1)
Wherein, I0For the light intensity of light source, k is each center wave number of wavelength division multiplexer, and R is the reflectivity of sensor reflecting surface, L
It is long for Fabry-Perot sensor chamber.From formula (1) it is found that a cosine function can be converted by solving the long L of chamber from interference spectrum
Frequency Estimation problem, and the interference spectrum signal of single antiradar reflectivity interference sensor be a periodicity as shown in Figure 1 very
The real cosine function of few single-frequency.
It is one section of interference light that antiradar reflectivity Fabry-perot optical fiber obtains under the conditions of ideal broad spectrum light source as shown in Fig. 1 (a)
Spectrum, and it is spectral signal after intensive sampling that general spectrometer, which obtains,.Intensive spectrum sample results in data volume
Greatly, the problems such as speed is slow.If sparse adopt is carried out under the conditions of meeting nyquist sampling rate to spectrum shown in Fig. 1 (a)
Sample, the then available spectral signal as shown in Fig. 1 (b).
, sampling number few for periodicity shown in Fig. 1 (b) is single very close to nyquist sampling rate, frequency content
For earth signal, general frequency spectrum analysis method can not provide high-precision result due to fence effect, spectrum leakage etc..
And very high frequency estimation accuracy can be then provided using the long L of Fa-Po cavity as the method for parameter estimation of unknown frequency.Many kinds of
Cosine method for parameter estimation in, maximal possibility estimation is proved to be estimated accuracy and best one of the algorithm of performance.
Further, in step S2, the probability density function of the interference spectrum signal are as follows:
Wherein, SnFor the collected practical interference spectrum signal of system hardware, InThe Perfect Interferometry light obtained for formula (1)
Spectrum signal, σ are noise variance, and n is spectral signal independent variable, and N is port number (the i.e. light of wavelength division multiplexer and photodetector group
Compose sampling number).
Further, in step S3, the maximum-likelihood estimator of the long L of chamber are as follows:
Wherein, g is maximal possibility estimation independent variable, knFor wave number independent variable.Estimated according to the maximum likelihood that formula (3) calculate
Metering, it will be able to using few point sampling spectrum shown in Fig. 1 (b) obtain precision it is long close to the chamber of the carat Metro limit as a result,
To realize high-precision cavity length demodulating in the case where spectrum sample points N is greatly reduced.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the present invention respectively from the spectra collection of few sampled point and data processing method and soft
Start in terms of part algorithm, and the spectrum data gathering and processing hardware two of few sampled point, by the data of spectrum sample and processing
Amount falls below dozens of from thousands of, the resource occupation of data acquisition and procession is greatly reduced, to breach its speed bottle
Neck.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to keep the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effects clearer, the present invention provides following attached drawing and carries out
Illustrate:
Fig. 1 is the spectrum and digital spectral signal schematic diagram of white light interference type Fabry-Perot sensor；
Fig. 2 is few spectrum sample point high-speed demodulating system system construction drawing of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is few spectrum sample point white light interference optical nanofarads amber high-speed measuring system structure chart based on multichannel DWDM；
Fig. 4 is high speed demodulating algorithm core procedure flow chart.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with attached drawing, a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail.
As shown in Fig. 2, few spectrum sample point high speed of white light interference type optical fiber Fabry-Perot sensor of the present invention measures
System, including wideband light source, optical circulator, wavelength division multiplexer, photodetector group, high-speed parallel acquisition subsystem and data solution
Adjust computing subsystem etc..
1, spectrum sample hardware system embodiment:
Wavelength division multiplexer (DWDM) can be realized centre frequency at equal intervals, the spectrum of constant bandwidth, be the communications field
Highly developed product.100GHz arrayed waveguide grating type DWDM is selected, may make up spectrum sample hardware system as shown in Figure 3
System.
Wherein photodetector is using discrete band tail optical fiber InGaAs photodiode detector, for doing each channel
It relating to light intensity and is converted to voltage signal, signal processing circuit is used to for A grades of current signals of μ that photodiode exports being enlarged into 0~
The voltage signal of 5V range synchronizes acquisition by FPGA by analog-digital converter (ADC), and the signal collected is in high speed
Operation and demodulation are realized in FPGA.
Systematic survey speed is determined by the minimum value of bandwidth of a device each in system.Wherein the bandwidth of photodetector is logical
GHz grades of Chang Keda；MHz grades of signal amplification and conditioning may be implemented in simulated modulation circuit；FPGA needs to realize multi-channel synchronous
Analog-digital Converter and data acquisition, research shows that the speed can achieve 1MHz.Data communication is used for transmission using gigabit networking
The frame per second of spectral signal can achieve 1.5MHz.Therefore the bulk velocity of spectrum sample hardware system is up to 1MHz.
2, demodulating algorithm embodiment
Few sampled point spectroscopic data of Fig. 4 can be read by interface software, that is, can be used various by multiple hardwares platform
Software algorithm realizes that subsequent demodulation calculates.
Since Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) has speed advantage, and maximum- likelihood estimation in terms of the algorithm of Frequency Estimation
With accuracy benefits, therefore high-speed, high precision algorithm combines the two, obtains one slightly first with Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) method
The long estimator of chamber recycles maximum likelihood estimate to calculate smart estimator near rough estimate metering.Since essence estimation only needs
It is completed in a frequency range of very little, therefore the speed of maximum likelihood method in essence estimation also greatly improved, thus can
Enough realize the demodulation of high-speed, high precision, the flow chart of algorithm is as shown in Figure 4.
The software algorithm can both be realized on ready-made common desktop computer, can also develop the embedded system of dedicated high speed
System is to realize.By the optimization and multi-step concurrent operation of algorithm, it is expected to demodulating algorithm speed being promoted to 1MHz.
Finally, it is stated that preferred embodiment above is only used to illustrate the technical scheme of the present invention and not to limit it, although logical
It crosses above preferred embodiment the present invention is described in detail, however, those skilled in the art should understand that, can be
Various changes are made to it in form and in details, without departing from claims of the present invention limited range.
Claims (5)
1. few spectrum sample point high-speed measuring system of white light interference type optical fiber Fabry-Perot sensor, which is characterized in that the system packet
Wideband light source, optical circulator, wavelength division multiplexer, photodetector group, high-speed parallel acquisition subsystem and data demodulation is included to calculate
Subsystem；
The wideband light source, optical circulator, wavelength division multiplexer, photodetector group, high-speed parallel acquisition subsystem and data solution
It adjusts computing subsystem to be sequentially connected, constitutes few spectrum sample point demodulating system；The optical fiber Fabry-Perot sensor is adopted with few spectrum
The connection of sampling point demodulating system；
The wideband light source is for providing the high power stabilized light source of wide spectrum, low degree of polarization；
The optical circulator is used for the wide range optical signal unidirectional delivery that issues light source to sensor, while will be passed by Fabry-perot optical fiber
The interference light signal one-way transmission that sensor returns is to wavelength division multiplexer；
The wavelength division multiplexer is used to the wide spectrum interference light signal that optical fiber Fabry-Perot sensor returns being separated into the road N different wave length
Narrowband optical signal；
By forming with the matched N number of photodetector of wavelength division multiplexer, each detector independently connects the photodetector group
The optical signal of a wavelength is received, the parallel analog electrical signal output in the road N is formed；
The high-speed parallel acquisition subsystem is used to filter the road the N electric signal amplification that photodetection group exports, is converted to number
Signal, and acquire, cache, so that follow-up system carries out demodulation calculating；
The demodulation computing subsystem is used to carry out high speed processing calculating to N railway digital signal, realizes the high speed demodulation of signal.
2. few spectrum sample point high speed measurement method of white light interference type optical fiber Fabry-Perot sensor, which is characterized in that this method packet
Include following steps:
S1: utilizing wavelength division multiplexer, photodetector group and high-speed parallel acquisition subsystem, by optical fiber Fabry-Perot sensor output point
Solution is the limited narrow spectral signal in the road N, and acquires, caches respectively；
S2: the muting road N Perfect Interferometry spectral signal, and the difference construction probability density letter with the obtained actual signal of S1 are constructed
Number；
S3: solution makes the maximum estimator of probability density function, to obtain the maximum-likelihood estimator of the long L of chamber, completes N number of light
Compose the high speed demodulation of sampled data.
3. few spectrum sample point high speed measurement method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that in step S2, the reason
Think the real cosine function form of interference spectrum signal are as follows:
In=I0R[1-cos(4πLk)] (1)
Wherein, I0For the light intensity of light source, k is each center wave number of wavelength division multiplexer, and R is the reflectivity of sensor reflecting surface, and L is method
Amber sensor cavity is long.
4. few spectrum sample point high speed measurement method according to claim 3, which is characterized in that described dry in step S2
Relate to the probability density function of spectral signal are as follows:
Wherein, SnTo measure obtained interference spectrum signal, InFor the Perfect Interferometry spectral signal that formula (1) obtains, σ is noise
Variance, n are spectral signal independent variable, and N is the port number of wavelength division multiplexer and photodetector group, i.e. spectrum sample is counted.
5. few spectrum sample point high speed measurement method according to claim 4, which is characterized in that in step S3, the chamber
The maximum-likelihood estimator of long L are as follows:
Wherein, g is maximal possibility estimation independent variable, knFor wave number independent variable.
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