CN103438915A - F-P sensor multiplexing method and system based on frequency shift interference - Google Patents
F-P sensor multiplexing method and system based on frequency shift interference Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an F-P sensor multiplexing method based on frequency shift interference. The F-P sensor multiplexing method comprises the following steps that (1) light output by a light source enters a first optical fiber coupler through an optical fiber circulator and then is divided into two paths; one path directly enters a second optical fiber coupler, and the other path enters the second optical fiber coupler after being periodically modulated; more than two F-P sensors are connected to the output end of the second optical fiber coupler in series, in parallel or in serial-parallel, and the positions of all the F-P sensors are different; (2) a signal reflected by each F-P sensor enters the second optical fiber coupler and then is divided into two paths; one path directly enters the first optical fiber coupler, and the other path enters the first optical fiber coupler after being periodically modulated; when the light source outputs light with the frequency of f, and after the light is reflected through the F-P sensors, four light beams with the frequencies of f, f+deltal(f), f+deltal(f) and f+2deltal(f) are output through the first optical fiber coupler, wherein the two light beams with the same frequencies interfere with each other at the first optical fiber coupler, and the other two light beams are background noises; (3) interference signals are subjected to data processing after being converted into electric signals.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the Fibre Optical Sensor field, refer to particularly a kind of F-P sensor multiplexing method and system of interfering based on frequency displacement.
Background technology
Optical fiber sensing technology is a kind ofly to take light as carrier, optical fiber is medium, the New Sensing Technology of perception and transmission outer signals, because it has the advantages such as antijamming capability is strong, volume is little, highly sensitive, the measurement dynamic range is large, from last century, caused numerous researchists' interest since the seventies and developed rapidly.
Along with the development of optical fiber sensing technology, people have developed various Fibre Optical Sensors, in medical science, large-scale construction engineering (as bridge etc.), the field such as military, all are widely used.Wherein optical fibre interferometric sensor, owing to having that resolution is high, dynamic range is large, precision is high and the advantage such as implementation is flexible, becomes a class very important and commonly used in Fibre Optical Sensor.Fibre-optical F-P sensor adopts simple optical fiber, utilizes multiple-beam interference principle to monitor measured variation, belongs to the phase modulation-type sensor, is a kind of of optical fibre interferometric sensor.Early stage as far back as the 1980s, people just utilize optical fiber to make the F-P sensor, and and then, fibre-optical F-P sensor is used widely gradually in temperature, strain and compound substance sensing.
With other interferometric sensors, as Mach-Zehnder, Michelson, Sagnac sensor are compared, the F-P sensor has the plurality of advantages such as F-P chamber sensor head construction is simple, good reliability, making is flexible, sensitivity is high, and there is no fiber coupler in the F-P sensor, make sensor construction process relative simple with data.The F-P sensor can be regarded as " point " and measure when a lot of application, reason be the F-P sensor to the physical quantity that can cause two reflection end face distances (being that chamber is long) and change extremely sensitivity and sensing unit very little.Therefore, for the intelligent structure field, the F-P sensor is a kind of even Fibre Optical Sensor of near ideal that is popular.
Through the research of more than ten years, the F-P sensor, being tending towards ripe aspect making and signal processing, has a wide range of applications in fields of measurement such as strain, temperature, pressure, refractive index and magnetic fields.Being still a difficult point but it is multiplexing, is also one of study hotspot of its practical development.People have carried out long-term relevant exploration to multiplex technique, multiple multiplexing method has been proposed, as: time division multiplex (is shown in the papers such as Taylor Henry, applied optics, 1995,34:5861), it is by utilizing different fiber lengths to realize different time delays, the transmission time of Jiang Ge road signal is distributed in the different time intervals and realizes the multiplexing of sensor, and this method can only be exported single wavelength light by light source and detect, so measuring accuracy is low; Wavelength-division multiplex (is shown in the papers such as Zhou Xuechang, the meeting of Asian-Pacific optics, 2004, SPIE, 5364:41), it is to utilize the wavelength division multiplexer wideband light source to be divided into a multichannel ，Mei road sensor of connection to realize the multiplexing of sensor, because sensor need to occupy enough bandwidth, therefore the multiplexing number of this method seriously is subject to the restriction of light source bandwidth; Space division multiplexing (seeing the papers such as Rao Yun river, SPIE1995,2507:90), it is that connecting sensor are followed to optical fiber combination together more, by photoswitch, each branch road is connected this method complex structure, multiplexing Limited Number; Coherent multiplexing (seeing the papers such as Davis, SPIE1998,904:114), because this method need to increase a reference interferometer, therefore increased the complexity of system, and multiplexing number is also limited.Above-mentioned multiplexing method all exists shortcoming separately for various reasons, causes being difficult to multiplexing a large amount of F-P sensor, along with the increase of F-P sensor multiplexing number, signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) can sharply worsen, and the system more complicated that can become, cost increases, and the requirement of F-P sensor itself is also increased.Therefore, finding easier, practical multiplex mode is of great significance for the research that promotes the F-P sensor and application tool.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention just is to provide a kind of F-P sensor multiplexing method and system of interfering based on frequency displacement, can overcome the restriction of existing multiplex mode, realize easily the multiplexing of F-P sensor, and can realize the position measurement of each F-P sensor, significantly improve the multiplexing quantity of F-P sensor.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, a kind of F-P sensor multiplexing method of interfering based on frequency displacement provided by the invention, comprise the steps:
1) light of light source output enters the first fiber coupler through optical fiber circulator and is divided into two-way, and a road directly enters the second fiber coupler, and another road enters the second fiber coupler after by the acousto-optic modulator periodic modulation; The series connection of two above F-P sensors or parallel connection or connection in series-parallel mixing are connected to the second fiber coupler output terminal, the fibre delay line of access different length between each F-P sensor and the second fiber coupler;
2) signal that each F-P sensor reflects enters the second fiber coupler and is divided into two-way, one tunnel directly enters the first fiber coupler, another road enters the first fiber coupler after by the acousto-optic modulator periodic modulation, the light of the every output frequency f of light source, restraint light in the first fiber coupler place output four after the reflection of F-P sensor, frequency is respectively f, f+ Δ f, f+ Δ f and f+2 Δ f, the two-beam that its medium frequency is f+ Δ f interferes at the first fiber coupler place, and the light that frequency is f and f+2 Δ f becomes ground unrest;
3) after interference signal input photoelectricity balance detector is converted into electric signal, be transfused to data acquisition and signal processing module and carry out the data processing, F-P sensor signal frequency difference after spectrum analysis due to diverse location, therefore each F-P sensor is all realized demodulation and can distinguish after by spectrum analysis, to realize the multiplexing of each F-P sensor.
The described step 3) of technique scheme also comprises the operation of interference signal being carried out to Fourier transform, to obtain the positional information of each F-P sensor, i.e. and the physical length of fibre delay line between each F-P sensor and the second fiber coupler.
A kind of F-P sensor multiplexing system of interfering based on frequency displacement provided by the invention, comprise light source, optical fiber circulator, the first fiber coupler, the second fiber coupler, acousto-optic modulator, photoelectricity balance detector and data acquisition and signal processing module; Described light source is connected with the input end of optical fiber circulator, and an output terminal of optical fiber circulator is connected with the first fiber coupler, input end of another output terminal and photoelectricity balance detector is connected; Input end of an output terminal and the second fiber coupler of the first fiber coupler is connected, another output terminal is connected with another input end of the second fiber coupler by acousto-optic modulator; The output terminal of the second fiber coupler connects two above F-P sensors, and each F-P sensor series connection or parallel connection or connection in series-parallel are mixed, and is connected to the fibre delay line of different length between each F-P sensor and the second fiber coupler; Another input end of described photoelectricity balance detector is connected with the first fiber coupler, output terminal is connected with data acquisition and signal processing module.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1) reflectance spectrum due to the F-P sensor is approximately cosine distribution, for its reflectivity difference of different wave length, therefore just can obtain the reflectance spectrum of F-P sensor by surveying the light intensity variation, thereby by the signal demodulation of each F-P sensor out, whole system is simple in structure, can realize easily the multiplexing of F-P sensor;
2) due to F-P sensor signal frequency difference after spectrum analysis of diverse location, so the frequency that the locus of each F-P sensor is converted to signal can realize distinguishing.When detecting the F-P sensor signal of variant position simultaneously, can be by Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) (FFT) by the signal distinguishing of each F-P sensor out, and can obtain the positional information of each F-P sensor, this distributed sensing for the F-P sensor is significant;
3) because all not allowing the spectrum between the F-P sensor, traditional F-P sensor multiplexing mode do not overlap, and the F-P sensor multiplexing method that the present invention is based on the frequency displacement interference has overcome this restriction, therefore the multiplexing number of F-P sensor can be order of magnitude lifting, solved the inefficient problem of current F-P sensor multiplexing, and significantly reduced the cost of sensor-based system, for the large-scale application of F-P sensor is laid a good foundation.Suppose in multiplex system, the reflection wavelength of each F-P sensor is identical with reflectivity, and reflected optical power can be expressed as:
P
i=κ(1-R)
2(i-1)α
2iRP
src
In formula, κ and α are respectively the loss factor of system device and fibre delay line, and i is multiplexing F-P number of sensors, the reflectivity that R is the F-P sensor, P
srcfor incident optical power.Get 0.02 when κ gets 0.098, α, use the photoelectricity balance detector that minimum detection of optical power is 1.7nW, incident optical power P
srcfor 8mW, when reflectivity R is 1%, can obtains multiplexing number i and will reach approximately 140.
The accompanying drawing explanation
The technological process that Fig. 1 is one embodiment of the invention and system architecture schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is the typical reflected light spectrogram of F-P sensor;
The reflected light spectrogram that Fig. 3 is a F-P sensor measuring in one embodiment of the invention;
The reflected light spectrogram that Fig. 4 is each F-P sensor after measure in one embodiment of the invention multiplexing;
Fig. 5 carries out to interference signal each F-P sensing station figure obtained after Fourier transform operation in one embodiment of the invention;
In figure: 1-light source, 2-optical fiber circulator,, the 3.1-the first fiber coupler, the 3.2-the second fiber coupler, 4-acousto-optic modulator, 5-photoelectricity balance detector, 6-F-P sensor, 7-data acquisition and signal processing module, 8-fibre delay line.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, specific embodiments of the invention are described in further detail:
As shown in Figure 1, the example that is multiplexed with three F-P sensor F-P1, F-P2 and F-P3, a kind of F-P sensor multiplexing system of interfering based on frequency displacement of the present invention, comprise LASER Light Source 1, optical fiber circulator 2, the first fiber coupler 3.1, the second fiber coupler 3.2, acousto-optic modulator 4, photoelectricity balance detector 5 and data acquisition and signal processing module 7.LASER Light Source 1 is connected with the input end of optical fiber circulator 2, and an output terminal of optical fiber circulator 2 is connected with the first fiber coupler 3.1,5 one input ends of another output terminal and photoelectricity balance detector are connected.3.2 1 input ends of an output terminal and the second fiber coupler of the first fiber coupler 3.1 are connected, another output terminal is connected with second fiber coupler 3.2 another input ends by acousto-optic modulator 4, form similar Mach and increase the Dare interferometer structure, and require arm length difference to be greater than the coherent length of LASER Light Source 1.The output terminal of the second fiber coupler 3.2 connects three F-P sensor F-P1, F-P2 and F-P3, F-P1 and F-P2 series connection, more in parallel with F-P3.Be connected to the fibre delay line 8 of different length between three F-P sensor F-P1, F-P2 and F-P3 and the second fiber coupler 3.2.Another input end of photoelectricity balance detector 5 is connected with the first fiber coupler 3.1, output terminal is connected with data acquisition and signal processing module 7.
In the present embodiment, the output of LASER Light Source 1 is set to: initial wavelength 1540.5nm, termination wavelength 1560.5nm, and export the laser of certain wavelength and continue 1s every 50pm, from initial wavelength, to stopping wavelength, scanned.The circulator that this optical fiber circulator 2 is port one 550nm wave band, Ta Jiang mono-road reflected signal input photoelectricity balance detector 5 also stops reflected light to enter light source 1, and light source 1 is shielded.First fiber coupler 3.1 of the present embodiment is 2 * 2 fiber couplers, and its splitting ratio is 50:50, and the output of light source 1 is divided into to the upper and lower two-way that light intensity is consistent, wherein leads up to acousto-optic modulator 4.Acousto-optic modulator 4 carries out periodic modulation by the light of the first fiber coupler 3.1 input and 6 reflections of F-P sensor, and its variation range is at 90～110MHz, the modulating light frequency cyclical variation.The second fiber coupler 3.2 is 2 * n fiber coupler, and n depends on F-P sensor 6 quantity and annexation.Photoelectricity balance detector 5 is for the opto-electronic conversion of interference signal.7 of data acquisition and signal processing modules are extracted and are done Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to signal, obtain the reflectance spectrum of each F-P sensor 6.
The application said system realizes that the process of the inventive method is:
1) the continuous single wavelength laser of LASER Light Source 1 output, enter the first fiber coupler 3.1 through optical fiber circulator 2 and be divided into two-way, one tunnel directly enters the second fiber coupler 3.2, another road enters the second fiber coupler 3.2 after by acousto-optic modulator 4 periodic modulation, because the input of two-way light does not meet interference condition at the second fiber coupler 3.2 places, therefore produce without interference; Two-way light enters three F-P sensor F-P1, F-P2 and F-P3 ，Mei road input light all by 6 reflections of F-P sensor through the second fiber coupler 3.2, fibre delay line 8 successively, and Fig. 2 has illustrated the reflectance spectrum of single F-P sensor 6;
2) signal of three F-P sensor F-P1, F-P2 and F-P3 reflection all enters the second fiber coupler 3.2 and is divided into two-way, one tunnel directly enters the first fiber coupler 3.1, and another road enters the first fiber coupler 3.1 after by acousto-optic modulator 4 periodic modulation.So far, the light of the every output frequency f of LASER Light Source 1, after 6 reflections of F-P sensor, at the first fiber coupler 3.1 places, there are four bundle light to meet, frequency is respectively f, f+ Δ f, f+ Δ f and f+2 Δ f, the two-beam that its medium frequency is f+ Δ f interferes at the first fiber coupler 3.1 places, and the light that frequency is f and f+2 Δ f becomes ground unrest.Interference signal and ground unrest are divided into two-way at the first fiber coupler 3.1 places, and a road directly enters photoelectricity balance detector 5, and another road enters photoelectricity balance detector 5 through optical fiber circulator 2;
3) interference signal is surveyed and is converted into electric signal by light signal by photoelectricity balance detector 5, then through data acquisition and signal processing module 7, carries out further data processing.Due to F-P sensor 6 signals frequency difference after spectrum analysis of diverse location, so the frequency that the locus of each F-P sensor 6 is converted to signal can realize distinguishing.When detecting F-P sensor 6 signal of variant position simultaneously, can by FFT by the signal distinguishing of each F-P sensor 6 out can carry out demodulation to a plurality of F-P sensors 6 so simultaneously, realize the multiplexing of F-P sensor 6.Ground unrest is done difference by 5 pairs of two-way input light of photoelectricity balance detector and is filtered, and improves the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of whole system.
As shown in Figure 3, for the interference signal of certain frequency f detected, make FFT, extract its reflection strength, in certain spectral range, obtain sensor F-P3 reflectance spectrum accurately, thereby realize the spectrum demodulation to sensor F-P3.The spectrum demodulating process of sensor F-P1, F-P2 similarly.
In the present embodiment, for three F-P sensor F-P1, F-P2 and F-P3, just can from interference signal, demodulate the reflectance spectrum of each F-P sensor 6 by one-shot measurement, as shown in Figure 4; And can obtain the positional information of each F-P sensor 6, as shown in Figure 5, three peak values are distinguished the physical location of corresponding F-P sensor F-P1, F-P2 and F-P3, and reading is respectively 176m, 234m and 260m, with actual fibre delay line 8 length that are connected into system, compare, error is in ± 3.Therefore due to separate between each F-P sensor 6, can realize easily distributed sensing and to the detection of F-P sensor 6 positional informations.
Certainly, the present invention is not limited to the multiplexing of three F-P sensors 6, according to actual needs and cost consideration, also can realize that the series and parallel of more F-P sensors 6 is multiplexing, and the existing multiplex mode of cost is low, has great practical value.
Claims (3)
1. a F-P sensor multiplexing method of interfering based on frequency displacement, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
1) light that light source (1) is exported enters the first fiber coupler (3.1) through optical fiber circulator (2) and is divided into two-way, one tunnel directly enters the second fiber coupler (3.2), and another road enters the second fiber coupler (3.2) after by acousto-optic modulator (4) periodic modulation; Two above F-P sensor (6) series connection or parallel connection or connection in series-parallel are mixed and are connected to the second fiber coupler (3.2) output terminal, access the fibre delay line (8) of different length between each F-P sensor (6) and the second fiber coupler (3.2);
2) signal that each F-P sensor (6) reflects enters the second fiber coupler (3.2) and is divided into two-way, one tunnel directly enters the first fiber coupler (3.1), another road enters the first fiber coupler (3.1) after by acousto-optic modulator (4) periodic modulation, the light of the every output frequency f of light source (1), locate to export four bundle light at the first fiber coupler (3.1) after F-P sensor (6) reflection, frequency is respectively f, f+ Δ f, f+ Δ f and f+2 Δ f, its medium frequency is the two-beam of f+ Δ f and locates to interfere at the first fiber coupler (3.1), the light that frequency is f and f+2 Δ f becomes ground unrest,
3) after interference signal input photoelectricity balance detector (5) is converted into electric signal, be transfused to data acquisition and signal processing module (7) and carry out the data processing, F-P sensor (6) signal frequency difference after spectrum analysis due to diverse location, therefore each F-P sensor (6) is by all realizing demodulation after spectrum analysis and can distinguishing, to realize the multiplexing of each F-P sensor (6).
2. a kind of F-P sensor multiplexing method of interfering based on frequency displacement according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described step 3) also comprises the operation of interference signal being carried out to Fourier transform, to obtain the positional information of each F-P sensor (6).
3. a F-P sensor multiplexing system of interfering based on frequency displacement, is characterized in that: comprise light source (1), optical fiber circulator (2), the first fiber coupler (3.1), the second fiber coupler (3.2), acousto-optic modulator (4), photoelectricity balance detector (5) and data acquisition and signal processing module (7); Described light source (1) is connected with the input end of optical fiber circulator (2), and an output terminal of optical fiber circulator (2) is connected with the first fiber coupler (3.1), (5) input ends of another output terminal and photoelectricity balance detector are connected; (3.2) input ends of an output terminal and the second fiber coupler of the first fiber coupler (3.1) are connected, another output terminal is connected with another input end of the second fiber coupler (3.2) by acousto-optic modulator (4); The output terminal of the second fiber coupler (3.2) connects two above F-P sensors (6), each F-P sensor (6) series connection or parallel connection or connection in series-parallel are mixed, and are connected to the fibre delay line (8) of different length between each F-P sensor (6) and the second fiber coupler (3.2); Another input end of described photoelectricity balance detector (5) is connected with the first fiber coupler (3.1), output terminal is connected with data acquisition and signal processing module (7).
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| WO2015103887A1 (en) * | 2014-01-10 | 2015-07-16 | 江苏昂德光电科技有限公司 | 3d matrix-type multichannel optical fiber sensing demodulation system |
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| CN106404017B (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2020-02-07 | 威海北洋光电信息技术股份公司 | High-precision multi-parameter optical fiber microcavity sensing system and demodulation method thereof |
| CN107588927A (en) * | 2017-07-20 | 2018-01-16 | 湖北工业大学 | The measuring method of reflectivity of weak fiber bragg grating based on frequency-shifting interferometry technology |
| CN109520429A (en) * | 2018-11-26 | 2019-03-26 | 重庆大学 | The few spectrum sample point high-speed measuring system and method for white light interference type optical fiber Fabry-Perot sensor |
| CN109520532A (en) * | 2018-11-26 | 2019-03-26 | 重庆大学 | A kind of the multisensor multiplexing demodulation system and processing method of white light interference type optical fiber Fabry-Perot sensor |
| CN112097808A (en) * | 2020-08-18 | 2020-12-18 | 中国科学院空天信息创新研究院 | F-P interference optical fiber sensing system based on phase generation carrier modulation |
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Application publication date: 20131211 |