CN109601434B - Method suitable for food habit transformation of micropterus salmoides cultured in small water body - Google Patents
Method suitable for food habit transformation of micropterus salmoides cultured in small water body Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method suitable for food habit transformation of micropterus salmoides cultured in a small water body, and belongs to the field of freshwater aquaculture. The invention comprises the following steps: (1) culturing water in a pond; (2) primarily domesticating and eating the pond; (3) domesticating food indoors. The method combines the biological characteristics of the micropterus salmoides, the plankton characteristics of the pond water body, the nutrition substitution of the compound feed and the culture process of the micropterus salmoides, can promote the micropterus salmoides to eat the artificial compound feed, and can regularly and dynamically sieve and grade the micropterus salmoides in the domestication process, thereby reducing the ingestion competition caused by the size difference of the fry. By comprehensively adopting the technology, the success rate of food domestication and transformation can reach more than 90%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of freshwater aquaculture, and particularly relates to a method suitable for food habit transformation of micropterus salmoides cultured in a small water body.
Background
Micropterus salmoides (commonly known as Micropterus salmoides), which belongs to Perciformes (Perciformes) in taxonomy and Sunracalidae (Cehtrachidae), originally produces the Missippi river system of California, is a famous and precious carnivorous fish with fresh meat quality, strong disease resistance, large size, rapid growth, excellent quality, easy catching and wide temperature application. The largemouth black bass is firm in meat quality and fragrant in meat flavor, so that the largemouth black bass is beyond the reach of local bass and mandarin fish, can be the top-grade of the fish, and is very popular.
The largemouth black bass fry is introduced in 1983 in China, and through more than thirty years of development, the yield of the largemouth black bass in China currently reaches more than 16 ten thousand tons, so that the largemouth black bass fry becomes one of important special freshwater cultured fishes in China. Although largemouth bass farming has formed a large-scale industry, the farming production still relies mainly on iced fresh trash fish as a direct bait at present. The long-term use of the frozen fresh trash fish not only causes resource waste and brings serious disease transmission, but also becomes a bottleneck limiting the enlargement of the culture scale of the micropterus salmoides. Therefore, the artificial compound feed for the largemouth bass is adopted to replace the feeding of the iced fresh trash fish, which is a necessary trend of industrial development, can relieve the limitation of the bait on the breeding of the largemouth bass, and is cheap, good and low in disease incidence. In fact, micropterus salmoides feed has been popularized for many years, but the progress is very slow, wherein the main problems exist in the selection of food acclimation time nodes of micropterus salmoides, the development of acclimation steps and the treatment of artificial feed in the acclimation process. In the process of domestication and food transfer, if the method is improper, the food domestication is directly failed, and the production benefit is directly influenced.
At present, the food habit domestication practice of the largemouth bass mainly refers to the food habit domestication method of fishes such as the largemouth catfish, the globefish, the zander and the like, and the basic process is as follows: feeding frozen fresh trash fish at initial stage, and mincing according to fish size; gradually replacing fresh trash fish with artificial feed in the middle stage; the artificial feed in the last stage completely replaces fresh trash fish. The food habit domestication methods belong to conventional methods, technical means have no innovation point, the food habit domestication transformation effect is poor, and partial individuals are not domesticated or are not domesticated completely, so that the culture benefit of fishermen is seriously influenced, and the enthusiasm of the fishermen is struck. Therefore, on the basis of conventional carnivorous fish food habit domestication, the research and the invention of the food habit conversion method for artificially culturing the micropterus salmoides are necessary and significant work through scientific innovation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method suitable for feeding conversion of micropterus salmoides cultured in a small water body of a pond, and aims to solve the problems of low survival rate, poor feeding conversion, self-feeding and serious environmental pollution in the existing pond culture mode of micropterus salmoides.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method suitable for the food habit transformation of micropterus salmoides cultured in small water bodies comprises the following steps:
(1) culturing water in a pond:
selecting a small pond of 1-2 mu, adding water into the pond to reach the height of 50cm after disinfection at the pond water temperature of 12-18 ℃, sprinkling biological fertilizer into the whole pond, observing the water fertilizing effect every day, sprinkling the biological fertilizer into the whole pond every 3-5 days according to the weather, adding water 10-15cm in sunny days, and beginning to put seedlings when the number of rotifers accounts for 60-70% of all planktons through microscopic examination;
(2) initial feeding training of the pond:
placing the black bass young which is hatched for 6-8 days and has good health and vitality after being opened into a pond with the cultivated water, temporarily cultivating for 6 days, adding 10-15cm of fresh water and splashing biological fertilizer in the whole pond when the quantity of the water rotifers in the pond is observed to be lower than 60 percent of the total plankton;
on the 7 th day, domestication is started, and feeding platforms are arranged around the pond;
on 8-10 days, sprinkling the earthworms in the whole pool, wherein the sprinkling range is gradually close to the feeding table, and feeding for 3 times every day;
on the 11 th day, the tubificidae is scattered on the feeding table, the fixed-time and fixed-point feeding domestication is carried out, and then the feeding is continuously carried out for 3 days;
on day 15, stopping feeding for 1 day;
on the 16 th day, crushing the artificial feed to obtain artificial feed powder, wherein the mass ratio of the artificial feed powder to the tubificidae is 1: 3-5, feeding the mixture, and gradually increasing the proportion of the artificial feed every day;
day 23, artificial feed powder: the mass ratio of the tubificidae reaches 3-5: 1;
stopping eating for one day on day 24;
(3) indoor food taming:
on the 25 th day, trawling the whole pond, transferring the fries to an indoor circulating water domestication and cultivation system, wherein the indoor circulating water domestication and cultivation system comprises a filter pond, a food domestication pond, a pipeline and a water pump, the filter pond is connected with the food domestication pond through the pipeline, the water pump is connected with the pipeline, the food domestication field is the food domestication pond, and a food platform with adjustable height is arranged in the food domestication pond;
on 26 th day, mixing the artificial feed powder with the tubificidae, wherein the mass ratio of the artificial feed powder to the tubificidae is 3-5: 1, obtaining mixed feed, feeding the mixed feed on a feeding table arranged in a pond, arranging an initial feeding table in the middle of a feeding domestication pond and in the middle of the pond water depth, and feeding for 3 times every day; raising the feeding table by 5-15cm every day, and gradually reducing the fineness of the broken materials of the artificial feed;
on the 31 st day, the distance between the feeding table and the water surface is 5-10cm, and the artificial feed is directly mixed with tubificidae without being crushed, and the mass ratio is that the artificial feed is: 3-5 parts of tubificidae: 1, waiting for 1 hour after mixing and then feeding in order to prevent excessive artificial feed particles from floating;
from the 32 th day, the content of the tubificidae in the mixed feed is gradually reduced, the waiting time after mixing is also gradually reduced, the proportion of the artificial feed particles floating on the water surface is increased day by day, if the floating feed is not eaten in time, the feeding is reduced when the next feeding is carried out, and the feed is controlled to have no residue within 15 minutes after the feeding;
on the 38 th day, the feeding table is removed, artificial feed particles with earthworm juice are fed, the content of the earthworm juice is gradually reduced every day until no earthworm juice is added on the 43 th day.
Further, the biological fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 10-15% of oil bran, 5-6% of brown sugar, 20-30% of soybean meal, 0.3-0.5% of yeast powder, 10-15% of fishbone powder, 0.1-0.3% of EM (effective microorganism) stock solution, 2-5% of carbon black powder and the balance of water; the preparation method of the biological fertilizer comprises the following steps: dissolving brown sugar in water, adding oil bran, bean cake, fishbone powder and yeast powder, stirring, mixing, and fermenting at 48-55 deg.C for 30-40 days; and then adding the EM bacteria stock solution and the carbon black powder, and uniformly stirring.
Further, the artificial feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of imported fish meal, 25-35 parts of domestic fish meal, 10-20 parts of fermented soybean meal, 5-15 parts of cassava starch, 2-4 parts of seawater fish oil, 2-4 parts of cuttlefish paste, 1-3 parts of phospholipid powder, 1-2 parts of monocalcium phosphate and 1-2 parts of multi-vitamin multi-mineral.
Further, the indoor circulating water domestication and cultivation system comprises a filtering tank, a domestication tank, a connecting pipeline and a water pump, wherein clear water is added into the filtering tank through a water inlet connected with an external water source; the food taming pool is connected with the filtering pool through a water inlet pipeline, and the water inlet pipeline is provided with a water inlet valve; the water pump is connected with the water inlet pipeline; the lower end of the food taming pool is provided with a circulating pipeline, the circulating pipeline is provided with a circulating water valve, and the food taming pool is connected with the filtering pool through the circulating pipeline; the circulating pipeline is connected with a drainage pipeline, and a drainage valve is arranged on the drainage pipeline; the circulating pipeline is also provided with a main valve which is used for controlling the blocking or communication of the circulating pipeline, the drainage pipeline and the filtering tank.
Furthermore, the filter tank is 0.5 cubic and is used for filtering culture water; the feeding domestication pond is an ellipse with the diameter of 2.5m and the depth of 0.8m, and the volume of the feeding domestication pond is 4 cubes, and is used for domesticating micropterus salmoides; the feeding platform with the adjustable height and the diameter of 0.5 m is arranged in the feeding domestication pool.
Further, a liftable fishing net is arranged in the food domesticating pond, the height of the fishing net is 0.6m, and the diameter of a net hole of the fishing net is 0.5-1 cm; the lifting fishing net divides the feeding domesticating pond into two areas.
Has the advantages that:
the method combines the biological characteristics of the micropterus salmoides, the plankton characteristics of the pond water body, the nutrition substitution of the compound feed and the culture process of the micropterus salmoides, can promote the micropterus salmoides to eat the artificial compound feed, and can regularly and dynamically sieve and grade the micropterus salmoides in the domestication process, thereby reducing the ingestion competition caused by the size difference of the fry. By comprehensively adopting the technology, the success rate of food domestication and transformation can reach more than 90%.
In addition, according to the traditional food domestication method, the largemouth bass is not completely domesticated, the food habit is mainly frozen fresh trash fish, the bait efficiency is low, the organic matter content, the nitrogen content and the phosphorus content of excrement and culture wastewater are high, the environmental pollution is serious, the problems that the frozen fresh fish is used to damage resources and seriously pollute water bodies can be effectively solved, and the method has wide application prospect.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an indoor circulating water acclimatization cultivation system according to a preferred embodiment of the invention;
notation in the figure: 1-a filter tank, 2-a water pump, 3-a water inlet pipeline, 4-a feeding training tank, 5-a circulating water valve, 6-a circulating pipeline and 7-a water inlet valve; 8-a main valve; 9-a drainage pipeline; 10-a drain valve; 11-a food table; 12-water inlet.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific examples.
Example 1
A method suitable for the food habit transformation of micropterus salmoides cultured in small water bodies comprises the following steps:
(1) culturing water in a pond:
selecting 1-2 mu of small pond, keeping the water temperature of the pond at 16 ℃, and spraying quicklime to the whole pond 10 days ahead of water addition for sterilization and disinfection. After disinfection, the pond is filled with water to 50cm in height, 5 kilograms of biological fertilizer is sprinkled in the whole pond, the effect of the fertilizer water is observed every day, 10cm of water is added every day in sunny days, 2.5 kilograms of biological fertilizer is sprinkled in the whole pond every 4 days, and when the number of rotifers is found to be 60-70% of the total plankton through microscopic examination, the seedling can be started to be released;
the biological fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 12% of oil bran, 5% of brown sugar, 25% of soybean meal, 0.4% of yeast powder, 13% of fishbone powder, 0.2% of EM (effective microorganism) stock solution, 3% of carbon black powder and the balance of water; the preparation method of the biological fertilizer comprises the following steps: dissolving brown sugar in water, adding oil bran, bean pulp, fishbone powder and yeast powder, stirring, mixing, and fermenting at 50 deg.C for 35 days; and then adding the EM bacteria stock solution and the carbon black powder, and uniformly stirring.
(2) Initial feeding training of the pond:
placing the black largemouth bass which is hatched for 7 days and has good health and vitality after being opened into a pond with well-cultivated water, temporarily cultivating for 6 days, and adding 10-15cm of fresh water while splashing biological fertilizer in the whole pond when observing that the quantity of the water rotifers in the pond is lower than 60% of the total plankton;
on the 7 th day, domestication is started, and 4 feeding platforms are arranged around the pond;
on 8-10 days, sprinkling the earthworms in the whole pool, wherein the sprinkling range gradually approaches to a food table, and the weight ratio of the earthworms to the water is 8:30, 13: 30. feeding for 3 times at 17: 00;
on the 11 th day, the tubificidae is scattered on a feeding table, fixed-point feeding domestication is carried out at regular time (the same as the 8 th to 10 th days), and then feeding is continuously carried out for 3 days;
on day 15, stopping feeding for 1 day;
on the 16 th day, crushing the artificial feed to obtain artificial feed powder, wherein the mass ratio of the artificial feed powder to the tubificidae is 1: 4, mixed feeding, wherein the ratio of the artificial feed is gradually increased every day;
day 23, artificial feed powder: the mass ratio of the tubificidae reaches 4: 1;
stopping eating for one day on day 24;
(3) indoor food taming:
and on the 25 th day, transferring the fries to an indoor circulating water domestication and cultivation system by adopting a gauze silk net (5-mesh) full-pond trawl, wherein the indoor circulating water domestication and cultivation system comprises a filter pond, a food domestication pond, a pipeline and a water pump, the filter pond is connected with the food domestication pond through the pipeline, the water pump is connected with the pipeline, the food domestication site is the food domestication pond, and a food platform with adjustable height is arranged in the food domestication pond.
Specifically, the indoor circulating water domestication and cultivation system comprises a filter tank 1, four domestication tanks 4, a pipeline and a water pump 2 as shown in fig. 1; the filter tank 1 is communicated with a water source through a water inlet 12 to add clean water; the food domestication pond 4 is connected with the filtering pond 1 through a water inlet pipeline 3, and each water inlet pipeline 3 branched to the food domestication pond 4 is provided with a water inlet valve 7; the water pump 2 is connected with the water inlet pipeline 3; the lower end of the food taming pond 4 is connected with a circulating pipeline 6, each circulating pipeline 6 branched to the food taming pond 4 is provided with a circulating water valve 5, and the food taming pond 4 is connected with the filtering pond 1 through the circulating pipeline 6; a drainage pipeline 9 is connected to the circulating pipeline 6, and a drainage valve 10 is arranged on the drainage pipeline 9; the circulating pipeline 6 is also provided with a main valve 8, and the main valve 8 is used for controlling the blocking or communication of the circulating pipeline 6 and the filtering tank 1 and the blocking or communication of the drainage pipeline 9 and the filtering tank 1.
The filter tank 1 is 0.5 cubic and is used for filtering culture water; the feeding domestication pond 4 is an ellipse with the diameter of 2.5m and the depth of 0.8m, 0.6m of water can be added, the volume is 4 cubes, the feeding domestication pond is used for domesticating micropterus salmoides, and 0.8-1.5 ten thousand micropterus salmoides fries are placed in each pond during feeding domestication; the feeding habit domestication pool 4 is internally provided with a feeding table 11 with the adjustable height and the diameter of 0.5 m.
A liftable fishing net is further arranged in the food domesticating pond 4, the height of the fishing net is 0.6m, and the diameter of a net hole of the fishing net is 0.5-1 cm. When food is fed, the fishing net is lowered to the lowest level, the fishing net is lifted after feeding is finished, the food training pool 4 is divided into two areas, therefore, fry can be screened through the fishing net in the middle and later stages of food training, namely, slightly-small fry can penetrate through holes of the fishing net to enter a safe area, and food intake competition caused by the size difference of the fry and even self-phase silkworm feeding can be reduced. Meanwhile, the arrangement of the fishing net can reduce the workload of sieving and grading the largemouth bass after domesticating and eating, so that the sieving work is easier to carry out.
The domestication and feeding steps of the largemouth bass by using the indoor circulating water domestication and breeding system are as follows: clean water from an external water source is added into the filtering tank 1 through the water inlet 12, the water pump 2 is turned on after the clean water is filtered, the clean water is conveyed into the four food domestication tanks 4 through the water inlet pipeline 3, and in the process, the water quantity of the food domestication tanks 4 can be adjusted through opening and closing the water inlet valve 7. After the largemouth bass is placed into the feeding domesticating pond 4, the largemouth bass is recycled according to the water quality condition, namely: when the water quality becomes muddy, the circulating water valve 5 is opened, the main valve 8 is opened (meanwhile, the water discharge valve 10 is closed), the water in the food habit domestication pond 4 is discharged into the filter pond 1 through the circulating pipeline 6 for filtering, and then is circulated back into the food habit domestication pond 4 through the water inlet pipeline 3. In the circulation process of the culture water, if the water quality is found to be not filtered to be in a clear state, the main valve 8 is closed, the drainage valve 10 is opened at the same time, muddy water is drained, and new clean water is injected from the water inlet 12 again.
On 26 th day, mixing the artificial feed powder with the tubificidae, wherein the mass ratio of the artificial feed powder to the tubificidae is 4: 1, obtaining mixed feed, feeding the mixed feed on a feeding table 11 arranged in a feeding training pool 4, wherein the feeding table 11 is arranged 0.3m away from the pool bottom, and the ratio of the mixed feed to the feeding table 11 is 8:30, 13: 30. feeding for 3 times at a ratio of 17:00, and regularly knocking the pond wall before each feeding. The initial feeding table 11 is arranged in the middle of the feeding training pool 4 in the depth of the pool water and feeds for 3 times every day; raising the feeding table by 5cm every day, and gradually increasing the fineness of the broken materials of the artificial feed;
on the 31 st day, the distance between the feeding table and the water surface is 5cm, the artificial feed is directly mixed with tubificidae without being crushed, and the mass ratio is that the artificial feed: tubificidae is 4: 1, waiting for 1 hour after mixing and then feeding in order to prevent excessive artificial feed particles from floating;
from the 32 th day, the content of the tubificidae in the mixed feed is gradually reduced, the waiting time after mixing is also gradually reduced, the proportion of the artificial feed particles floating on the water surface is increased day by day, if the floating feed is not eaten in time, the feeding is reduced when the next feeding is carried out, and the feed is controlled to have no residue within 15 minutes after the feeding;
on the 38 th day, the feeding table is removed, artificial feed particles with earthworm juice are fed, the content of the earthworm juice is gradually reduced every day until no earthworm juice is added on the 43 th day.
The artificial feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts of imported fish meal, 30 parts of domestic fish meal, 14 parts of fermented soybean meal, 10 parts of cassava starch, 3 parts of seawater fish oil, 3 parts of cuttlefish paste, 2 parts of phospholipid powder, 1.5 parts of monocalcium phosphate and 1.5 parts of multivitamin ore.
Example 2
A method suitable for the food habit transformation of micropterus salmoides cultured in small water bodies, which is basically the same as the method in the embodiment 1, and has the following difference: the biological fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 15% of oil bran, 5% of brown sugar, 20% of soybean meal, 0.3% of yeast powder, 10% of fishbone powder, 0.1% of EM (effective microorganism) stock solution, 5% of carbon black powder and the balance of water; the preparation method of the biological fertilizer comprises the following steps: dissolving brown sugar in water, adding oil bran, bean pulp, fishbone powder and yeast powder, stirring, mixing, and fermenting at 48 deg.C for 40 days; and then adding the EM bacteria stock solution and the carbon black powder, and uniformly stirring.
The artificial feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of imported fish meal, 25 parts of domestic fish meal, 10 parts of fermented soybean meal, 5 parts of cassava starch, 2 parts of seawater fish oil, 2 parts of cuttlefish paste, 1 part of phospholipid powder, 1 part of monocalcium phosphate and 1 part of multi-vitamin multi-mineral.
On day 16, the mass ratio of the artificial feed powder to the tubificidae is 1: 3; on day 23, the mass ratio of the artificial feed powder to the tubificidae reaches 3: 1; on 26 th day, the mass ratio of the artificial feed powder to the tubificidae is 3: 1; on day 31, the mass ratio of the artificial feed to the tubificidae was 3: 1.
example 3
A method suitable for the food habit transformation of micropterus salmoides cultured in small water bodies, which is basically the same as the method in the embodiment 1, and has the following difference:
the biological fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 10% of oil bran, 6% of brown sugar, 30% of soybean meal, 0.5% of yeast powder, 15% of fishbone meal, 0.3% of EM (effective microorganism) stock solution, 2% of carbon black powder and the balance of water; the preparation method of the biological fertilizer comprises the following steps: dissolving brown sugar in water, adding oil bran, bean pulp, fishbone powder and yeast powder, stirring, mixing, and fermenting at 55 deg.C for 30 days; and then adding the EM bacteria stock solution and the carbon black powder, and uniformly stirring.
The artificial feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of imported fish meal, 35 parts of domestic fish meal, 20 parts of fermented soybean meal, 15 parts of cassava starch, 4 parts of seawater fish oil, 4 parts of cuttlefish paste, 3 parts of phospholipid powder, 2 parts of monocalcium phosphate and 2 parts of multi-vitamin multi-mineral.
On day 16, the mass ratio of the artificial feed powder to the tubificidae is 1: 5; on day 23, the mass ratio of the artificial feed powder to the tubificidae reaches 5: 1; on 26 th day, the mass ratio of the artificial feed powder to the tubificidae is 5: 1; on day 31, the mass ratio of the artificial feed to the tubificidae is 5: 1.
comparative example 1
A method for transforming the feeding habits of largemouth bass refers to a feeding domesticating method of fishes such as the largemouth catfish, globefish, zander and the like, and the basic process is as follows: feeding frozen fresh trash fish at initial stage, and mincing according to fish size; gradually replacing fresh trash fish with artificial feed in the middle stage; the artificial feed in the last stage completely replaces fresh trash fish.
Comparative example 2
A method for transforming the feeding habits of micropterus salmoides uses the example 1 of an indoor large-scale seedling cultivation method of micropterus salmoides with the application number of CN106386586 to transform the feeding habits of micropterus salmoides.
In order to verify the effectiveness of the scheme of the invention, the inventor carries out domestication of largemouth bass by using the methods of examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-2 in 4 months of 2017, and carries out fry food habit conversion rate comparison after domestication, wherein the evaluation criteria of fry food habit conversion success are as follows: after the acclimatization is completed, feeding artificial feed for 1 hour, dissecting and observing food components in the stomach, considering the food conversion if the artificial feed is used, carrying out all groups of tests simultaneously, continuously for 3 days, once every day, and randomly sampling 30 strips each time, wherein the results are as follows:
purchasing 15 ten thousand young micropterus salmoides, after the acclimatization is finished by adopting the method of the embodiment 1, 11.5 thousand young micropterus salmoides survive, and the feeding conversion rate of the young micropterus salmoides is 100%;
purchasing 15 million young largemouth black bass, after acclimatization is finished by adopting the method of the embodiment 2, 10.8 million young largemouth black bass survives, wherein the feeding conversion rate of the young largemouth black bass is 94%;
purchasing 15 million young micropterus salmoides, and after the acclimatization is finished by adopting the method in the embodiment 3, surviving 10.9 million young micropterus salmoides, wherein the feeding conversion rate of the young micropterus salmoides is 96%;
purchasing 15 ten thousand young micropterus salmoides, adopting the method of the comparative example 1 to domesticate, survival micropterus salmoides fry 9.3 thousand young micropterus salmoides, and the fry feeding conversion rate is 62%.
15 ten thousand fries of largemouth bass are purchased, 10.1 thousand fries of largemouth bass survive after the acclimatization is finished by adopting the method of the comparative example 2, and the feeding conversion rate of the fries is 77 percent.
The comparison of the domestication results of the micropterus salmoides in the groups shows that the domestication by the method in the embodiment 1 has the highest survival rate and the highest food habit conversion rate, while the comparison example is obviously lower than the embodiment, which shows that the method can obviously improve the survival rate and the food habit conversion rate of the micropterus salmoides and can greatly improve the breeding income of micropterus salmoides farmers.
Although the present invention has been described with respect to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A method suitable for food habit transformation of micropterus salmoides cultured in small water bodies is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) culturing water in a pond:
selecting a small pond of 1-2 mu, adding water to the pond at the temperature of 12-18 ℃, adding water to the pond to reach the height of 50cm after disinfection, sprinkling biological fertilizer to the whole pond, observing the water fertilizing effect every day, adding water by 10-15cm every day when the weather is fine, sprinkling biological fertilizer to the whole pond every 3-5 days, and starting seedling release when the quantity of rotifers accounts for 60-70% of all planktons through microscopic examination;
(2) initial feeding training of the pond:
placing the black bass young which is hatched for 6-8 days and has good health and vitality after being opened into a pond with the cultivated water, temporarily culturing for 6 days, observing the quantity of water rotifers in the pond, and adding new water by 10-15cm while splashing biological fertilizers in the whole pond if the quantity of the rotifers is lower than 60% of all plankton;
on the 7 th day, domestication is started, and feeding platforms are arranged around the pond; sprinkling the earthworms in the whole pool, wherein the sprinkling range is gradually close to the feeding table, and feeding for 3 times every day; after 4-5 days, scattering tubificidae on a feeding table, feeding and domesticating at fixed time and fixed point, and continuously feeding for 3 days; after stopping feeding for 1 day, crushing the artificial feed to obtain artificial feed powder, and mixing the artificial feed powder with the tubificidae in a mass ratio of 1: 3-5, feeding the mixture, and gradually increasing the proportion of the artificial feed every day; after 6-7 days, the artificial feed powder is prepared by the following steps: the mass ratio of the tubificidae reaches 3-5: 1; stopping feeding for 1 day, and transferring to indoor for domesticating;
(3) indoor food taming:
the whole-pond trawl net transfers the fry to an indoor circulating water domestication and culture system, the indoor circulating water domestication and culture system comprises a filter pond, a food domestication pond, a pipeline and a water pump, the filter pond is connected with the food domestication pond through the pipeline, the water pump is connected with the pipeline, the food domestication field is the food domestication pond, and a food platform with adjustable height is arranged in the food domestication pond;
specifically, clear water is added into the filter tank through a water inlet; the food taming pool is connected with the filtering pool through a water inlet pipeline, and the water inlet pipeline is provided with a water inlet valve; the water pump is connected with the water inlet pipeline; the lower end of the food taming pool is provided with a circulating pipeline, the circulating pipeline is provided with a circulating water valve, and the food taming pool is connected with the filtering pool through the circulating pipeline; the circulating pipeline is connected with a drainage pipeline, and a drainage valve is arranged on the drainage pipeline; the circulating pipeline is also provided with a main valve which is used for controlling the blocking or communication of the circulating pipeline and the drainage pipeline with the filter tank;
mixing artificial feed powder with tubificidae, wherein the mass ratio of the artificial feed powder to the tubificidae is 3-5: 1, obtaining mixed feed, feeding the mixed feed on a feeding table arranged in a pond, arranging an initial feeding table in the middle of a feeding domestication pond and in the middle of the pond water depth, and feeding for 3 times every day; raising the feeding table by 5-15cm every day, and gradually increasing the fineness of the broken materials of the artificial feed;
after 5-6 days, the distance between the feeding table and the water surface is 5-10cm, the artificial feed is directly mixed with the tubificidae without being crushed, and the mass ratio is that the artificial feed: 3-5 parts of tubificidae: 1, waiting for 1 hour after mixing and then feeding in order to prevent excessive artificial feed particles from floating; gradually reducing the content of the tubificidae in the mixed feed, gradually reducing the waiting time after mixing, increasing the proportion of the artificial feed particles floating on the water surface day by day, if the floating feed is not eaten in time, reducing the feeding in the next feeding, and controlling the feed to have no residue within 15 minutes after the feeding; after 5-7 days, removing the feeding table, feeding the artificial feed particles with the wormcast juice, gradually reducing the content of the wormcast juice every day, and after 5-6 days, completely removing the wormcast juice from the artificial feed particles.
2. The method for transforming feeding habits of micropterus salmoides suitable for small-water culture according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
the biological fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 10-15% of oil bran, 5-6% of brown sugar, 20-30% of soybean meal, 0.3-0.5% of yeast powder, 10-15% of fishbone powder, 0.1-0.3% of EM (effective microorganism) stock solution, 2-5% of carbon black powder and the balance of water;
the preparation method of the biological fertilizer comprises the following steps: dissolving brown sugar in water, adding oil bran, bean cake, fishbone powder and yeast powder, stirring, mixing, and fermenting at 48-55 deg.C for 30-40 days; and then adding the EM bacteria stock solution and the carbon black powder, and uniformly stirring.
3. The method for transforming feeding habits of micropterus salmoides suitable for small-water culture according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the artificial feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of imported fish meal, 25-35 parts of domestic fish meal, 10-20 parts of fermented soybean meal, 5-15 parts of cassava starch, 2-4 parts of seawater fish oil, 2-4 parts of cuttlefish paste, 1-3 parts of phospholipid powder, 1-2 parts of monocalcium phosphate and 1-2 parts of multi-vitamin multi-mineral.
4. The method for transforming feeding habits of micropterus salmoides suitable for small-water culture according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the filter tank is 0.5 cubic and is used for filtering culture water; the feeding domestication pond is an ellipse with the diameter of 2.5m and the depth of 0.8m, and the volume of the feeding domestication pond is 4 cubes, and is used for domesticating micropterus salmoides; the feeding platform with the adjustable height and the diameter of 0.5 m is arranged in the feeding domestication pool.
5. The method for transforming feeding habits of micropterus salmoides suitable for small-water culture according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: a liftable fishing net is arranged in the food domesticating pond, the height of the fishing net is 0.6m, and the diameter of a net hole of the fishing net is 0.5-1 cm; the lifting fishing net divides the feeding domesticating pond into two areas.
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| CN110622889A (en) * | 2019-10-24 | 2019-12-31 | 南京师范大学 | Method for efficiently inducing food habit transformation of fugu obscurus indoors |
| CN110800654A (en) * | 2019-12-09 | 2020-02-18 | 苏州金澄福渔业科技有限公司 | Method for domesticating micropterus salmoides fingerlings in specification |
| CN112119950A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2020-12-25 | 天津市水产研究所 | Method for food transfer domestication of larval black bass |
| CN114271406B (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2023-11-14 | 华中农业大学 | Micro-pellet feed formula for domestication of micropterus salmoides offspring seeds and application thereof |
| CN114946715B (en) * | 2022-07-05 | 2023-03-31 | 四川农业大学 | Method for improving industrial food transfer success rate of largemouth black bass water bloom |
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