CN112544341A - Rapid propagation method and application of winter edible fungus - Google Patents
Rapid propagation method and application of winter edible fungus Download PDFInfo
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- CN112544341A CN112544341A CN202011472239.0A CN202011472239A CN112544341A CN 112544341 A CN112544341 A CN 112544341A CN 202011472239 A CN202011472239 A CN 202011472239A CN 112544341 A CN112544341 A CN 112544341A
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- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 241001313708 Dictyophora phalloidea Species 0.000 claims description 25
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 18
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 18
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 18
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 18
- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 18
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 235000019764 Soybean Meal Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004455 soybean meal Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 241001313710 Dictyophora indusiata Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 241001313734 Dictyophora Species 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 description 26
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 10
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000008223 sterile water Substances 0.000 description 6
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000082204 Phyllostachys viridis Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 2
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000001850 reproductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009105 vegetative growth Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000890685 Dictyophora rubrovolvata Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000006499 Flammulina velutipes Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000016640 Flammulina velutipes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000000588 Hericium erinaceus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007328 Hericium erinaceus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000000599 Lentinula edodes Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000001715 Lentinula edodes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000001462 Pleurotus ostreatus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000001603 Pleurotus ostreatus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000958507 Stropharia Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000006794 Volvariella volvacea Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000001093 anti-cancer Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of edible fungus production, and particularly discloses a rapid propagation method of winter dictyophora and application thereof.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of edible fungus production, in particular to a rapid propagation method of winter dictyophora and application thereof.
Background
The winter fungus is a rare edible fungus, is also called subphylum bamboo fungus, bamboo fungus and dictyophora indusiata, and is a fungus of phalloideae and phalloidea. The winter fungus is rich in nutrition, aromatic in flavor, delicious in taste, crisp in taste, high in nutritive value, and has a medicinal and edible value, a certain effect on treating rheumatalgia, and an anticancer activity.
At present, the winter dictyophora planting method is mainly a traditional wood chip planting method, is long in planting period, low in yield and unstable and is difficult to meet the current situation that the demand of winter dictyophora is larger and larger, and the yield is about 2 years. Therefore, the rapid propagation method of the dictyophora phalloidea is provided, which can greatly shorten the planting period of the dictyophora phalloidea, improve the yield and improve the economic benefit, and becomes a problem to be solved urgently at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention aims to provide a rapid breeding method of dictyophora phalloidea, and aims to solve the problems of long planting period and low yield of the existing planting method of the dictyophora phalloidea in the background technology.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions:
a rapid propagation method of dictyophora phalloidea comprises the following steps:
1) inoculating strain of Dictyophora Indusiata to be propagated into the fungus bag, and culturing at 20-26 deg.C (preferably 22-23 deg.C) for 50-90 days to obtain culture seed; wherein the fungus bag is obtained by filling a culture medium into a container and sterilizing, and the culture medium comprises the following raw materials: wood dust (miscellaneous wood dust), bran, corn flour, bean pulp, gypsum, cottonseed hull and water;
2) carrying out variable temperature culture on the culture seeds to obtain cultivated seeds; wherein the temperature range of the temperature-variable culture is 10-22 ℃;
3) ditching a planting area to form a planting ditch, paving branches and soil, arranging the cultivated species in the planting ditch, covering the soil for planting, and specifically planting according to a conventional planting method of the dictyophora phalloidea to obtain a mature product of the dictyophora phalloidea, namely the dictyophora phalloidea eggs.
As a further scheme of the invention: in the rapid propagation method of the winter fungus, the culture medium comprises, by weight, 60-70 parts of wood chips, 14-22 parts of bran, 2-8 parts of corn flour, 1-5 parts of soybean meal, 0.5-1.5 parts of gypsum, 2-8 parts of cottonseed hulls and a proper amount of water.
As a still further scheme of the invention: the pH value of the culture medium is 5.5-6.5, and the water content of the culture medium is 5.5-6.5 wt%.
As a still further scheme of the invention: in the rapid winter fungus propagation method, the temperature-changing culture is carried out at the culture temperature of 17-19 ℃ (preferably 18 ℃) in days 1-7, at the culture temperature of 10-13 ℃ (preferably 12 ℃) in days 8-17, at the culture temperature of 15-17 ℃ (preferably 16 ℃) in days 18-25 and at the culture temperature of 20-22 ℃ (preferably 21 ℃) in days 26-33, and then planting can be carried out.
As a still further scheme of the invention: the rapid propagation method of the winter fungus also comprises the step of strain breeding.
Another purpose of the embodiment of the invention is to provide an application of the rapid breeding method of edible fungi.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the embodiment of the invention provides a rapid propagation method of winter dictyophora, which is characterized in that winter dictyophora strains to be propagated are cultured by adopting a proper culture medium, and are artificially stimulated through the processes of cooling twice and heating twice, so that vegetative growth is gradually changed into reproductive growth, and branches are decomposed while fruiting is carried out by taking the branches as auxiliary materials, so that the fruiting time can be effectively shortened, the yield is improved, the problems of long planting period and low yield of the existing winter dictyophora planting method are solved, and the rapid propagation method has a wide market prospect.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that variations and modifications can be made by persons skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
Various modifications to the precise description of the invention will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the information contained herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the appended claims. It is to be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to the procedures, properties, or components defined, as these embodiments, as well as others described, are intended to be merely illustrative of particular aspects of the invention. Indeed, various modifications of the embodiments of the invention which are obvious to those skilled in the art or related fields are intended to be covered by the scope of the appended claims.
The rapid propagation method of the winter fungus provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
1) inoculating strain of Dictyophora Indusiata to be propagated into the fungus bag, and culturing at 20-26 deg.C (preferably 22-23 deg.C) for 50-90 days to obtain culture seed; wherein the fungus bag is obtained by filling a culture medium into a container and sterilizing, and the culture medium comprises the following raw materials: wood dust (miscellaneous wood dust), bran, corn flour, bean pulp, gypsum, cottonseed hull and water;
2) carrying out variable temperature culture on the culture seeds to obtain cultivated seeds; wherein the temperature range of the temperature-variable culture is 10-22 ℃;
3) ditching a planting area to form a planting ditch, paving branches and soil, arranging the cultivated species in the planting ditch, covering the soil for planting, and specifically planting according to a conventional planting method of the dictyophora phalloidea to obtain a mature product of the dictyophora phalloidea, namely the dictyophora phalloidea eggs.
As another preferred embodiment of the invention, in the rapid propagation method of the winter fungus, the culture medium comprises, by weight, 60-70 parts of wood chips, 14-22 parts of bran, 2-8 parts of corn flour, 1-5 parts of soybean meal, 0.5-1.5 parts of gypsum, 2-8 parts of cottonseed hulls, and a proper amount of water.
As another preferred embodiment of the invention, in the rapid propagation method of the winter fungus, the culture medium comprises, by weight, 64-69 parts of wood chips, 16-20 parts of bran, 3-6 parts of corn flour, 2-4 parts of soybean meal, 0.8-1.2 parts of gypsum, 5-7 parts of cottonseed hulls and a proper amount of water.
As another preferred embodiment of the invention, in the rapid propagation method of the winter fungus, the culture medium comprises 67 parts of sawdust, 18 parts of bran, 5 parts of corn flour, 3 parts of bean pulp, 1 part of gypsum, 6 parts of cottonseed hull and a proper amount of water in parts by weight.
As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the rapid propagation method of dictyophora phalloidea, the pH value of the culture medium is 5.5-6.5, preferably, the pH value of the culture medium is about 6.0.
As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the rapid propagation method of winter mushroom, the water content of the culture medium is 5.5-6.5wt%, and preferably, the water content of the culture medium is about 6.0 wt%.
As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the culture medium may be contained in an existing container which can achieve a sealing effect, for example, the culture medium may be contained in an 18cm × 36cm polypropylene bag, charged in 1.25kg, covered with a collar cap after charging, and sterilized, or may be contained in an existing container such as a test tube or a fermenter.
As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the preparation method of the culture medium comprises weighing sawdust (mixed sawdust), bran, corn flour, soybean meal, gypsum, and cottonseed hull in sequence according to the specific gravity of the ingredients, adding water, mixing uniformly, and adjusting pH to obtain the culture medium.
As another preferred embodiment of the invention, in the rapid winter fungus propagation method, the culture temperature of the temperature-changing culture is 17-19 ℃ (preferably 18 ℃) in days 1-7, 10-13 ℃ (preferably 12 ℃) in days 8-17, 15-17 ℃ (preferably 16 ℃) in days 18-25, and 20-22 ℃ (preferably 21 ℃) in days 26-33, and then planting can be carried out.
As another preferred embodiment of the invention, in the rapid propagation method of the winter fungus, the relative air humidity of the planting area is more than 55%, the organic matter content of soil is more than 1.5wt%, the soil thickness is more than 30cm, and the pH value is 5-7. Specifically, the soil can be a terrain with humidity of more than 55%, good ventilation and good drainage, soil organic matter is more than 1.5wt%, soil thickness is more than 30cm, pH is 5-7, air humidity is more than 75%, and the land is exposed to the sun, weeds on the ground are treated, the environment and soil are subjected to treatments such as insect killing, and the treated weeds are reserved.
As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the rapid breeding method of dictyophora phalloidea, a strain breeding step is further included, specifically, the collected wild dictyophora phalloidea is cleaned and cultured in a biochemical incubator at 20-25 ℃ (preferably at 23 ℃), and then purified to obtain a high-quality strain with healthy hypha and rapid growth as the strain of the dictyophora phalloidea to be bred.
As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the method for rapid propagation of dictyophora phalloidea, the cleaning comprises simply treating impurities such as mud on the surface of the collected wild dictyophora phalloidea (dictyophora phalloidea egg), washing the dictyophora phalloidea egg 3-5 times with sterile water, and washing impurities on the surface of the dictyophora phalloidea egg. After washing, the surfaces of the winter fungus eggs can be sucked dry by using absorbent paper, then the winter fungus eggs are soaked in 70-80wt% (preferably 75 wt%) alcohol for about 20s, after being taken out, the winter fungus eggs are washed once by using sterile water, then the winter fungus eggs are soaked in 70-80wt% (preferably 75 wt%) alcohol for about 20s, after being soaked, the winter fungus eggs are taken out and placed in a super clean bench, an ultraviolet lamp is turned on, and the winter fungus eggs are irradiated for 20-40min (preferably 30 min).
The embodiment of the invention also provides application of the rapid propagation method of the winter edible fungus in edible fungus cultivation.
As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the edible fungi may be existing edible fungi species, such as dictyophora phalloidea, dictyophora rubrovolvata, oyster mushroom, straw mushroom, hericium erinaceus, lentinus edodes, and the like.
The technical effects of the rapid winter fungus propagation method of the present invention will be further described below by referring to specific examples.
Example 1
A rapid propagation method of dictyophora phalloidea comprises the following steps:
(001) preparing wild edible fungus collecting tools such as foam box, absorbent paper, hoe and knife.
(002) According to the growth conditions of the winter dictyophora, the production points of the winter dictyophora are searched.
(003) Selecting big-head and good-egg-type winter fungus eggs, holding the eggs with one hand, cutting off stropharia rugoso with a knife with the other hand, wrapping the picked winter fungus eggs with paper, and putting the wrapped eggs into a small foam box.
(004) According to the situation, a plurality of high-quality winter fungus eggs are collected properly, wrapped and sealed in foam boxes for later use.
(005) Selecting the optimal 2-3 eggs, removing the package, simply treating impurities such as soil on the surfaces of the eggs, cleaning the eggs with sterile water for 3-5 times, and cleaning the impurities on the surfaces of the eggs. After washing, the surfaces of the winter fungus eggs can be sucked dry by using absorbent paper, then the winter fungus eggs are soaked in 75wt% alcohol for 20s, taken out and washed once by using sterile water, then soaked in 75wt% alcohol for 20s, taken out and placed in a super clean bench, an ultraviolet lamp is turned on, and irradiation is carried out for 30 min.
(006) After the ultraviolet lamp is sterilized, the ultraviolet lamp is turned off, the illuminating lamp is turned on, sterile gloves are provided, tissue separation is carried out, and tissue blocks of tissue growth points in the winter fungus eggs are taken for separation.
(007) And (3) placing the separated tissue blocks into a test tube, labeling, recording, and then placing the test tube into a biochemical incubator at 23 ℃ for culture.
(008) Observing the growth condition of hypha every day, and timely removing test tubes with poor growth.
(009) The separated strain is preferably purified when the hyphae grow about 8 cm.
(010) Purifying to obtain high-quality strain with strong hypha and fast growth.
(011) Taking high-quality strain with strong hypha and fast growth as the strain of the edible fungus to be propagated.
(012) And (3) carrying out test tube verification on the strain of the winter dictyophora to be propagated, calculating the egg production condition and the yield condition of the winter dictyophora after the strain is planted, and putting all normal methods into use.
(013) And preparing qualified liquid strains for later use according to the production process.
(014) Preparing a fungus bag, taking 67 kg of sawdust, 18 kg of bran, 5kg of corn flour, 3 kg of soybean meal, 1 kg of gypsum and 6 kg of cottonseed hulls as culture media, taking an 18 x 36 polypropylene bag as a container, filling the culture media with 1.25kg of water content, covering the culture media with a lantern ring and a cover after the culture media are filled, and sterilizing.
(015) And (3) after the sterilization is finished, reducing the temperature of the fungus bags to about 22 ℃, inoculating 40mL of winter fungus strains to be propagated in each fungus bag, and after the inoculation is finished, putting the fungus bags into a culture room for culture at the temperature of 22 ℃ for about two months.
(016) After about two months of culture, the hyphae overgrow the fungus bag. After the hypha grows over the fungus bag, carrying out variable temperature culture on the fungus bag, specifically, cooling the fungus bag to 18 ℃ first, and culturing for 7 days. And after 7 days, cooling again, cooling to 12 ℃, culturing for 10 days, after 10 days, heating to 16 ℃, culturing for 8 days, after 8 days, heating to 21 ℃, culturing for 8 days, and after 8 days, planting the edible fungus as a winter fungus planting fungus bag.
(017) Preparing before planting, namely selecting a planting area, particularly selecting a terrain with good ventilation and good drainage, treating weeds on the ground, and carrying out insect killing and other treatments on the environment and soil, wherein the soil has the organic matter content of more than 1.5 percent, the soil thickness of more than 30cm, the pH value of 5-7 and the air humidity of more than 75 percent and is in a place with a sunny back. And treating for later use.
(018) Preparing a certain amount of dry branches with the diameter larger than 3cm, wherein the dry branches require fallen leaves and miscellaneous tree branches, and the dry branches are used for standby without mildew, insects and the like. It should be soaked in water before use.
(019) After the soil is treated for 10 to 15 days, the fungus bags for planting the winter fungi and the soaked branches are transported to a cultivation field for later use.
(020) Planting, namely, forming a ditch with the width of 35cm and the depth of 10cm on the ground, paving a layer of 5cm branches at the bottom of the ditch after ditching is finished, covering appropriate soil after paving the ditch, filling gaps among the branches, longitudinally arranging two fungus bags side by side on the branches, arranging according to the method, covering the soil after arranging, wherein the soil thickness is 3cm-4cm, and the interval between ridges is about 25 cm.
(021) After planting, covering a layer of leaves, weeds and the like on the middle ridge.
(022) Keeping the soil humidity at about 65%, and obtaining the winter fungus eggs after about 45 days.
Example 2
The procedure of example 1 was repeated, except that the culture in the culture chamber at 22 ℃ for about two months after completion of the inoculation was replaced with the culture in the culture chamber at 20 ℃ for 90 days after completion of the inoculation.
Example 3
The procedure of example 1 was repeated, except that the culture in the culture chamber at 22 ℃ for about two months after completion of the inoculation was replaced with the culture in the culture chamber at 26 ℃ for 50 days after completion of the inoculation.
Example 4
The procedure of example 1 was repeated, except that the culture in the culture chamber at 22 ℃ for about two months after completion of the inoculation was replaced with the culture in the culture chamber at 22 ℃ for 60 days after completion of the inoculation.
Example 5
The procedure of example 1 was repeated, except that the culture in the culture chamber at 22 ℃ for about two months after completion of the inoculation was replaced with the culture in the culture chamber at 24 ℃ for 70 days after completion of the inoculation.
Example 6
The procedure of example 1 was repeated, except that the culture in the culture chamber at 22 ℃ for about two months after completion of the inoculation was replaced with the culture in the culture chamber at 25 ℃ for 80 days after completion of the inoculation.
Example 7
Compared with example 1, except that the culture medium comprises the following raw materials of 60 kg of wood chips, 14 kg of bran, 2 kg of corn flour, 1 kg of bean pulp, 0.5 kg of gypsum, 2 kg of cottonseed hull and a proper amount of water. The rest is the same as in example 1.
Example 8
Compared with example 1, except that the culture medium comprises 70 kg of wood chips, 22 kg of bran, 8 kg of corn flour, 5kg of soybean meal, 1.5 kg of gypsum, 8 kg of cottonseed hull, and a proper amount of water. The rest is the same as in example 1.
Example 9
Compared with example 1, except that the culture medium comprises the following raw materials of 65 kg of wood chips, 17 kg of bran, 5kg of corn flour, 3 kg of soybean meal, 1 kg of gypsum, 4 kg of cottonseed hulls and a proper amount of water. The rest is the same as in example 1.
Example 10
Compared with example 1, except that the culture medium comprises 64 kg of sawdust, 16 kg of bran, 3 kg of corn flour, 2 kg of soybean meal, 0.8 kg of gypsum, 5kg of cottonseed hull, and a proper amount of water. The rest is the same as in example 1.
Example 11
Compared with example 1, except that the culture medium comprises the following raw materials of 69 kg of wood chips, 20 kg of bran, 6 kg of corn flour, 4 kg of soybean meal, 1.2 kg of gypsum, 7 kg of cottonseed hulls and a proper amount of water. The rest is the same as in example 1.
Example 12
Compared with example 1, except that the pH of the medium was 5.5 and the water content was 5.5 wt%. The rest is the same as in example 1.
Example 13
Compared with example 1, except that the pH of the medium was 6.5 and the water content was 6.5 wt%. The rest is the same as in example 1.
Example 14
Compared with example 1, the temperature of culture is 17 ℃ on days 1-7, 10 ℃ on days 8-17, 15 ℃ on days 18-25, and 20 ℃ on days 26-33, after which the culture can be carried out. The rest is the same as in example 1.
Example 15
Compared with example 1, the temperature of culture is 19 ℃ on days 1-7, 13 ℃ on days 8-17, 17 ℃ on days 18-25, and 22 ℃ on days 26-33 in the temperature swing culture, and then the culture can be planted. The rest is the same as in example 1.
Example 16
Compared to example 1, except that the relative humidity of the air in the planting area was 60%, the organic matter content of the soil was 2wt%, the thickness of the soil was 40cm, and the pH was 5. The rest is the same as in example 1.
Example 17
Compared to example 1, except that the relative humidity of the air in the planting area was 70%, the organic matter content of the soil was 5wt%, the thickness of the soil was 6cm, and the pH was 6. The rest is the same as in example 1.
Example 18
Compared to example 1, except that the relative humidity of the air in the planting area was 60%, the organic matter content of the soil was 7wt%, the thickness of the soil was 80cm, and the pH was 7. The rest is the same as in example 1.
Example 19
The same procedure as in example 1 was repeated, except that the culture in the biochemical incubator at 23 ℃ was replaced with the culture in the biochemical incubator at 20 ℃.
Example 20
The same procedure as in example 1 was repeated, except that the culture in the biochemical incubator at 23 ℃ was replaced with the culture in the biochemical incubator at 22 ℃.
Example 21
The same procedure as in example 1 was repeated, except that the culture in the biochemical incubator at 23 ℃ was replaced with the culture in the biochemical incubator at 25 ℃.
Example 22
A method for breeding and rapidly propagating a novel strain of dictyophora phalloidea comprises the following steps:
1) when the strain of the winter edible fungus is separated, the winter edible fungus eggs are firstly treated and cleaned for 3-5 times by sterile water, soaked in 75% alcohol for 20s after surface water is sucked dry, cleaned by sterile water once after being taken out, soaked in 75% alcohol for 20s, finally placed in a super clean workbench and subjected to ultraviolet sterilization for 30 min.
2) The culture medium of the fungus bag comprises 67 kg of mixed wood dust, 18 kg of bran, 5kg of corn flour, 3 kg of soybean meal, 1 kg of gypsum and 6 kg of cottonseed hull, and the pH value is about 6.00.
3) The fungus bags are cultured from 23 ℃ to 18 ℃ for 7 days, then cooled to 12 ℃ for 10 days, then heated to 16 ℃ for 8 days, and finally heated to 21 ℃ for 8 days, and then planting is started.
4) The base is paved with branches with the length of about 5cm and the length of less than 3cm, and then the fungus bags are placed for covering soil, so that the base is supplemented with nutrition, and the yield is improved.
The method comprises a breeding step and a rapid propagation step of novel winter dictyophora strain, wherein the novel winter dictyophora strain is obtained by collecting in the field according to the geographical environment of growth of winter dictyophora, and carrying out separation, purification and other technologies (specifically, according to the geographical conditions, climatic conditions and the like of growth of winter dictyophora, colleting in Dalongshan city of Anshun city, Guizhou province at an elevation of 1380m, wherein the geographical and climatic conditions comprise the elevation of 1380m, the thickness of a soil layer of more than 30cm, an organic matter layer of more than 20cm, the pH of soil of 6.32, the air humidity of more than 85%, the back sun, the shading degree of about 65%, and the average sunshine of 4-5 h/day). The rapid propagation process of the winter edible fungus comprises the steps of selecting a suitable planting land, treating soil and environment, carrying out low-temperature treatment twice on fungus bags, carrying out temperature returning treatment twice, carrying out mixed planting by matching with branch wood chips, artificially stimulating the fungus bags to gradually convert vegetative growth into reproductive growth, and decomposing branches while fruiting by taking the branches as auxiliary materials, so that the fruiting time can be effectively shortened, the yield is improved, and the market prospect is wide.
While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention within the knowledge of those skilled in the art. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications of the invention may be made without departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A rapid propagation method of winter fungus is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) inoculating strain of Dictyophora Indusiata to be propagated into the fungus bag, and culturing at 20-26 deg.C for 50-90 days to obtain culture strain; wherein the fungus bag is obtained by filling a culture medium into a container and sterilizing, and the culture medium comprises the following raw materials: wood dust, bran, corn flour, bean pulp, gypsum, cottonseed hull and water;
2) carrying out variable temperature culture on the culture seeds to obtain cultivated seeds; wherein the temperature range of the temperature-variable culture is 10-22 ℃;
3) ditching in a planting area to form a planting ditch, paving branches and soil, arranging the cultivated species in the planting ditch, and covering the soil for planting.
2. The rapid winter fungus propagation method according to claim 1, wherein the culture medium comprises, by weight, 60-70 parts of wood chips, 14-22 parts of bran, 2-8 parts of corn flour, 1-5 parts of soybean meal, 0.5-1.5 parts of gypsum, 2-8 parts of cottonseed hulls, and a proper amount of water.
3. The rapid winter fungus propagation method according to claim 1, wherein the culture medium comprises, by weight, 64-69 parts of wood chips, 16-20 parts of bran, 3-6 parts of corn flour, 2-4 parts of soybean meal, 0.8-1.2 parts of gypsum, 5-7 parts of cottonseed hulls, and a proper amount of water.
4. The rapid winter fungus propagation method according to claim 1, wherein the pH value of the culture medium is 5.5-6.5.
5. The rapid winter fungus propagation method according to claim 1, wherein the water content of the culture medium is 5.5-6.5 wt%.
6. The rapid winter fungus propagation method according to claim 1, wherein the culture medium is prepared by weighing sawdust, bran, corn flour, soybean meal, gypsum and cottonseed hull according to a proportion, adding water, mixing uniformly, and adjusting pH.
7. The rapid winter fungus propagation method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature-variable culture is carried out at the culture temperature of 17-19 ℃ on days 1-7, at the culture temperature of 10-13 ℃ on days 8-17, at the culture temperature of 15-17 ℃ on days 18-25 and at the culture temperature of 20-22 ℃ on days 26-33.
8. The rapid winter fungus propagation method according to claim 1, wherein in the rapid winter fungus propagation method, the relative air humidity of the planting area is more than 55%, the organic matter content of soil is more than 1.5wt%, the soil thickness is more than 30cm, and the pH value is 5-7.
9. The rapid propagation method of dictyophora phalloidea as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a strain breeding step, specifically, cleaning collected wild dictyophora phalloidea, culturing at 20-25 ℃, and purifying to obtain the strain to be propagated.
10. Use of a method of rapid propagation of dictyophora indusiata according to any one of claims 1 to 9 in cultivation of edible fungi.
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Effective date of registration: 20220614 Address after: 442400 Lianfeng street, Songbai Town, Shennongjia forest region, Hubei Province Applicant after: Shennongjia Tianmu Modern Agriculture Co.,Ltd. Address before: 552202 China rare mushroom Industrial Park, Pingqiao village, Zhixiang Town, Zhenfeng County, Qianxinan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Guizhou Province Applicant before: Guizhou Fengyuan Modern Agriculture Co.,Ltd. |
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