CN113796262B - Cultivation method of ganoderma lucidum with high ganoderma lucidum spore powder yield - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural cultivation, and particularly discloses a method for cultivating lucid ganoderma with high yield of lucid ganoderma spore powder, which comprises the following steps: s1, manufacturing a fungus bag; s2, inoculating a fungus bag; s3, hypha culture; s4, constructing a ganoderma field and preparing soil to make beds; s5, covering soil on the mushroom sticks; s6, managing lucid ganoderma; s7, pest control; s8, harvesting; and S9, managing the second tide of spore powder. The ganoderma lucidum cultivation method has high ganoderma lucidum spore powder yield, and is beneficial to improving the ganoderma lucidum yield and the ganoderma lucidum fruiting body yield.

Description

Cultivation method of ganoderma lucidum with high ganoderma lucidum spore powder yield

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural cultivation, and particularly relates to a cultivation method of lucid ganoderma with high yield of lucid ganoderma spore powder.

Background

The ganoderma lucidum spore powder is deeply loved by people due to good medicinal value and health care function, has wide market prospect and obvious economic benefit. The production of ganoderma lucidum spore powder is an important work content for increasing the income of farmers, the ganoderma lucidum and the ganoderma lucidum spore powder have rich active nutritional ingredients, and analysis shows that the ganoderma lucidum and the ganoderma lucidum spore powder contain glucose, amino acid, sterol, alkaloid, coumarin, organic acid and other ingredients according to modern science and technology. The ganoderma lucidum is called as mesona chinensis benth in folk story of China and can treat various diseases, and modern pharmacological research and clinical research prove that the ganoderma lucidum and ganoderma lucidum spore powder thereof can play a role in preventing and treating diseases, resisting tumors and radiation, resisting cardiovascular system diseases, regulating immune cells, activating circulating antibodies, improving system immunity, resisting aging, protecting liver, detoxifying, regulating nervous system, regulating blood sugar and the like. Therefore, the method has important significance for improving the yield of the ganoderma lucidum spore powder and the ganoderma lucidum.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a ganoderma lucidum cultivation method with high ganoderma lucidum spore powder yield, and the ganoderma lucidum cultivation method has the advantages of high ganoderma lucidum spore powder yield, contribution to improving the ganoderma lucidum yield and increasing the yield of ganoderma lucidum fruiting bodies.

In order to realize the purpose, the invention provides a method for cultivating lucid ganoderma with high yield of lucid ganoderma spore powder, which comprises the following steps:

s1, manufacturing of fungus bags: selecting a wood with the diameter of 10-20 cm and cutting the wood into sections with the length of 18-20 cm, placing the sections for 2-3 days after the sections are cut, bagging the sections and the improved rice bran when the water content of the sections is 55% -65% and fine cracks appear on the section surface of the sections, bagging 1 section of the sections with the rice bran for the sections with the diameter of more than 18cm, binding more than two sections together with the sections with the diameter of 10-17 cm into 1 bag together with the rice bran for the sections with the diameter of 10-20 cm, tying the bag mouth tightly after bagging, and carrying out normal-pressure heating sterilization; the improved rice bran is prepared by spraying tea polyphenol water solution and potassium dihydrogen phosphate water solution on common rice bran and mixing; the bagging adopts a polyethylene bag;

s2, inoculating a fungus bag: after sterilization, after the temperature of the materials is reduced to below 35 ℃, conventional inoculation is carried out, two ends of a fungus stick after inoculation are fastened by a rope, and if a plastic bag is damaged, the plastic bag is sealed by an adhesive tape in a repairing way;

s3, hypha culture: the inoculated mushroom sticks are cultured in a dark place at 35 ℃, the inoculated surfaces of the mushroom sticks are all whitened, hyphae germinate and then are cooled to 28 ℃ for spawn running, ventilation is carried out for 1-2 times per day during the spawn running period, the hyphae growth condition is checked at intervals of 7-10 days, the mushroom sticks polluted by mixed bacteria are cleaned in time, and after the mushroom sticks are cultured for 45-60 days, the mushroom sticks are moved to a shady and cool place under a forest;

s4, constructing a sesame field and preparing soil and making beds: the method comprises the following steps that a sesame field is built in a greenhouse building mode, the whole greenhouse frame is covered by a sunshade net with a sunshade rate of 90%, furrows are made in the greenhouse frame, a walking channel is reserved between every two furrows, and a layer of lime powder is scattered on the surfaces of the furrows and the walking channel;

s5, earthing the mushroom sticks: after primordium appears on the placed fungus sticks, carrying out fungus refining for 5-7 days, cutting off fungus bags on the fungus sticks subjected to fungus refining, transversely arranging the fungus sticks on the surface of a prepared cultivation bed in a gapless manner, filling gaps among the fungus sticks and covering the fungus sticks with a soil covering material to prevent the fungus sticks from exposing the surface, then covering thin film small arched sheds on the arranged fungus sticks on the surface of the bed, digging cultivation bed ditches, and irrigating water and maintaining till powder collection is finished;

s6, lucid ganoderma growth management: controlling the ambient temperature of a sesame field to be 23-32 ℃, controlling the relative humidity of air to be 80-90%, keeping a film arched shed closed before the sesame buds are 5cm high, and uncovering plastic films at two ends of a ridge for ventilation after the stipes of the fungus are 5cm, wherein the ventilation is carried out for 1 time/day and 0.5 hour/time; thinning the glossy ganoderma in the bud period, and keeping a robust glossy ganoderma bud at each end of each mushroom stick;

s7, pest control: pest control is carried out by a physical method, or green mould is controlled by quicklime; the physical prevention and control comprises pest control by using one or more of an insecticidal lamp, a yellow board or manual catching method.

S8, harvesting: collecting spore powder after Ganoderma pileus starts to spray spore powder, producing powder for 45-50 days, and collecting Ganoderma fruiting body and spore powder after the layer of the Ganoderma pileus back surface turns into dark red;

s9, managing the second tide of spore powder, namely, finishing and flattening the collected ridge surfaces, controlling the moisture in the ridge trenches to be dry, wiping off all newly grown glossy ganoderma buds, reserving the glossy ganoderma buds grown 3 months later in the second year, repeating the step S6 of glossy ganoderma management, the step S7 of pest control and the step S8 of collection, and harvesting the second tide of spore powder and fruit bodies.

Further, in the above technical solution, in the step S1, the improved rice bran contains, by mass, 0.001% to 0.01% of tea polyphenols, 0.7% to 0.8% of monopotassium phosphate, and 55% to 60% of water.

Further, in the technical scheme, the mass ratio of the improved rice bran to the log for bagging in the step S1 is 10-15: 85-90.

Further, in the above technical solution, the wood in the step S1 is a hardwood species without aromatic tincture; the section cutting process also comprises the step of planing off water caltrops and burrs on the periphery of the section surface; the thickness of the polyethylene bag is more than 0.07 cm; the rope used for binding more than two sections of wood together is a cotton wheel rope; the normal pressure heating sterilization method comprises the steps of heating to 100 ℃ to start sterilization, keeping for 48 hours, keeping the fungus sticks in a sterilization pot for 24 hours after stopping fire, and cooling and taking out the fungus sticks from the pot.

Further, in the above technical solution, in the step S2, the conventional inoculation uses a cultivar, and the media components of the cultivar include: 77% of miscellaneous wood chips, 20% of wheat bran, 1% of gypsum powder and 2% of hydrated lime, wherein the inoculation amount of the cultivated species is 50-70 g of inoculation of each fungus bag.

Further, in the above-described aspect, the hyphae are cultured in the culture chamber in step S3, and the culture chamber is cleaned and sterilized before use.

Further, in the above technical solution, in the step S4: the length of the greenhouse frame is 80-100 m, the width of the greenhouse frame is less than or equal to 10m, the heights of two sides are 2-2.5 m, the height of the middle is 3-3.5 m, the furrow depth is 20cm, the width of the furrow is 80-100 cm, the length of the furrow is 10-15 m, and the walking width of the walk is 60 cm.

Further, in the above technical solution, the preparation method of the casing material in the step S5 includes: mixing 15-20 parts of vermiculite powder, 10-15 parts of herb residue and 70 parts of fine soil, crushing into granules with the diameter of 0.5-2cm, and adjusting the water content to 30% -35%; the medicine residue is processed by extrusion and expansion.

Further, in the above technical solution, in the step S5: covering the fungus sticks with the covering soil material to be 3cm thick; irrigating water into the ditch until the water depth is 20 cm.

Further, in the above technical solution, the spore powder collecting method in step S8 is characterized by: the method comprises the following steps of (1) clearing the surfaces of the ridges smoothly, paving a thin film on the surfaces of the ridges, forming an opening at the position where the corresponding thin film for growing the lucid ganoderma is formed, exposing the lucid ganoderma from the thin film, covering a gap with the opening exposing the mud surface by using a thin film sheet, ensuring that sprayed spore powder is isolated from the mud surface, building a frame with the height of 32cm around the surfaces of the ridges by using a bamboo stick, covering the periphery and the top of the frame by using non-woven fabrics to form a closed spore powder scattering space, and collecting the spore powder ejected by sporophores;

and the management of the powder producing period in the step S8 comprises that the arched shed film is not opened, and the film at the two ends of the arched shed is obliquely opened by 60 degrees.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. the improved rice bran formed by spraying tea polyphenol aqueous solution and potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution on common rice bran and mixing the rice bran and the cut log are bagged for inoculation in the fungus bag preparation process, so that on one hand, suitable nutrient substances are provided for cultivation of the ganoderma, a foundation is provided for growth of hyphae, growth of glossy ganoderma buds, powder production and other processes in the cultivation process of the ganoderma, on the other hand, harmful substances such as heavy metals and the like which are toxic to growth of the ganoderma are relieved, the hyphae and physiological enzymes required by growth are protected, the ganoderma yield, the fruiting body yield and the spore powder yield are improved, meanwhile, the quality of the ganoderma fruiting body and the spore powder is improved, and the influence of mixed fungi on growth of the ganoderma is reduced.

2. According to the method for cultivating the ganoderma lucidum, the soil covering material is improved in the fungus stick soil covering process, and the fine soil for soil covering is added with the vermiculite powder, the puffed medicine residues and other substances, so that the soil covering material forms a loose structure and good water retention performance, the fine soil is not easy to harden, and the fine soil contains sufficient and easily-utilized organic matters, and thus the yield of ganoderma lucidum fruiting bodies and the yield of spore powder are improved. Meanwhile, the covering material containing the puffed medicine dregs is also beneficial to reducing the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests in the cultivation process of the lucid ganoderma, saving the cultivation process time, labor amount, economic cost and the like of the lucid ganoderma, and improving the cultivation income.

3. The yield of the second-tide spore powder and the fruiting body of the ganoderma lucidum cultivation method is reduced by a small amount compared with the yield of the first year, and the improvement effect is obvious compared with the common cultivation method.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of specific embodiments of the invention is provided, but it should be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments.

Example 1

1. And (3) making a fungus bag:

selecting a wood with the diameter of 10cm-20cm, planing off peripheral water caltrops and burrs according to a section with the length of 18 cm-20cm, ensuring the section surface to be flat, placing for 3 days after the section is cut, when the water content of the log is 55-65% and fine cracks appear on the surface of the log section, bagging the log and the improved rice bran, wherein the bag is a polyethylene bag with the thickness of more than 0.07cm, for the log with the diameter of more than 18cm, each segment is packed into 1 bag together with rice bran, for the log with the diameter of 10cm-17cm, more than two segments are bound together and packed into 1 bag together with rice bran, the used rope is a cotton wheel rope, the weight of each bag is about 9kg, the periphery is ensured to be smooth when the bag is bound, so as to avoid puncturing the bag, tightening the bag opening after bagging, heating up to sterilize under normal pressure, starting timing when the sterilizing temperature is raised to 100 ℃, maintaining the temperature at 100 ℃ for 48h, stopping heating, keeping the fungus sticks in a sterilizing pot, sealing for 24h, and cooling to obtain the fungus sticks; the improved rice bran is prepared by spraying tea polyphenol water solution and potassium dihydrogen phosphate water solution on common rice bran and mixing; the improved rice bran contains 0.01% of tea polyphenol, 0.8% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 60% of water by mass; the mass ratio of the improved rice bran to the log for bagging is 10: 90.

2. Inoculating a fungus bag:

preparing strains: the preparation is carried out according to the NY/T528 requirement, and the quality requirement meets the requirement of GB/T23599.

The formula of the culture medium of the cultivar is as follows: 77% of miscellaneous wood chips, 20% of wheat bran, 1% of gypsum powder and 2% of hydrated lime.

Inoculating room: the inoculation room is a sealable space, and is thoroughly disinfected and cleaned once 3 days before inoculation and kept dry.

And (3) inoculation operation: and (3) moving the sterilized bacteria sticks to an inoculation chamber, after the temperature of the materials is reduced to 35 ℃, carrying out conventional inoculation according to an aseptic operation procedure, wherein the inoculation amount of each bag of bacteria sticks is 50-70 g, and fastening the two ends of each inoculated bacteria stick by using ropes. If the plastic bag is damaged, the plastic bag needs to be sealed by an adhesive tape.

3. Hypha culture:

the culture room is sterilized before use, and is kept clean, dry, ventilated and shaded.

And moving the inoculated strain rods to a culture room for dark culture, and maintaining the room temperature at 35 ℃ for the first 3 days to perform temperature-controlled strain development. And (4) cooling the room temperature to 28 ℃ for spawn running after the inoculation surface of the spawn stick is completely whitened and hyphae germinate. Ventilating for 1-2 times per day in the spawn running period, checking the growth condition of hyphae at intervals of 7-10 days, and cleaning a spawn stick polluted by mixed fungi. After culturing for 45 days, the surface of the basswood becomes light yellow, the hypha is physiological mature, and the hypha grows over the basswood. Moving the overgrown hypha fungus stick to a shady and cool place under the forest, promoting the hypha to grow rapidly, and covering soil when the primordia appear after the hypha stick is placed for 10 days.

4. Constructing a sesame field and preparing soil and making ridges:

constructing a sesame field: the ganoderma field is built by building a greenhouse, firstly, greenhouse frames are fixed by using Chinese fir, bamboo and iron wires, piling and fixing are carried out every 2m or so, the length of each greenhouse frame is 100m, the width of each greenhouse frame is 10m, the heights of two sides are 2 m-2.5 m, the middle height is 3 m-3.5 m, so that the ventilation requirement of the ganoderma is met, and the whole frame is covered by a sunshade net with the sunshade rate of 90% after being fixed, so that the greenhouse is enclosed and closed.

Land preparation and bed making: making ridges in the greenhouse frame, reserving a walkway between every two ridges, and scattering a layer of lime powder on the ridge surface and the walkway surface; the furrow depth is 20cm, the width is 80-100 cm, the length is 15m, and the walkway width is 60 cm.

5. And (3) earthing the mushroom sticks:

carrying out fungus refining for 5 days after primordium appears on the placed fungus sticks, cutting fungus bags on the fungus sticks subjected to fungus refining, transversely arranging the fungus sticks on the surface of a prepared cultivation bed in a gapless manner, filling gaps among the fungus sticks and covering the fungus sticks with soil covering materials to prevent the fungus sticks from being exposed out of the surface, covering the fungus sticks with the soil covering materials by 3cm in thickness, then covering thin film small arched sheds on the fungus sticks arranged on the surface of the bed, digging cultivation bed ditches, and irrigating water to 20cm in depth and maintaining the water depth until powder collection is finished; the preparation method of the earthing material comprises the following steps: mixing 20 parts of vermiculite powder, 15 parts of herb residue and 70 parts of fine soil, crushing into granules with the diameter of 0.5-2cm, and adjusting the water content to 35%; the medicinal residue is obtained by extrusion and puffing.

6. And (4) lucid ganoderma management:

controlling the ambient temperature of a sesame field to be 23-32 ℃, controlling the relative humidity of air to be 80-90%, forming buds after 10 days after covering soil, keeping a film arched shed closed before the sesame buds are 5cm high, and uncovering plastic films at two ends of a furrow for ventilation after the stipes of the fungus are 5cm, wherein the time per day is 1, and the time per time is 0.5 h; thinning the glossy ganoderma in the bud stage, keeping a robust glossy ganoderma bud at each end of each mushroom stick, and cutting off redundant glossy ganoderma buds from the base part by using a sharp knife;

7. and (3) pest control:

pest control is carried out by a physical method, or green mould is controlled by quicklime; the physical prevention and control comprises using an insecticidal lamp, using a yellow plate or manually catching one or the combination of more than two methods to prevent and control the plant diseases and insect pests.

8. Harvesting:

collecting spore powder after spore powder is sprayed on ganoderma lucidum pileus, wherein the spore powder collecting method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of (1) arranging and flattening the ridge surfaces, paving 6C films with the width of 3m and the length of 7m on the ridge surfaces, opening the corresponding film positions where lucid ganoderma grows out, exposing lucid ganoderma flowers out of the films, covering gaps, exposed out of mud surfaces, of the openings with 6C film sheets of 25 x 25cm, ensuring that sprayed spore powder is isolated from the mud surfaces, building bamboo sticks on the peripheries of the ridge surfaces into frames with the height of 32cm, covering the peripheries and the tops of the frames with non-woven fabrics into a closed spore powder scattering space, collecting spore powder ejected by sporocarp bullets, and keeping the arched shed films from being opened in the powder production period and keeping the inclined openings of the films at two ends of the arched shed at 60 degrees;

after the powder is produced for 45 days, the fungus tube layer on the back of the ganoderma lucidum pileus turns into dark red, the ganoderma lucidum fruiting body and the spore powder are harvested, when in harvesting, fruit tree shears are used for shearing off from the base part of the ganoderma lucidum stalk, a root thin film is not required to be driven so as to avoid bringing soil into a thin film powder layer, then the ganoderma lucidum pileus spore powder is swept into a collecting barrel, and simultaneously the spore powder in the mulching film is completely collected, and the thin film is not required to be driven during collecting so as to avoid mixing impurities in the spore powder;

9. and (4) managing the second tide of spore powder, namely, finishing and flattening the collected ridge surfaces, controlling the water in the furrow to be dry, completely wiping off newly grown glossy ganoderma buds, reserving the glossy ganoderma buds grown 3 months later in the second year, repeating the step 6 of glossy ganoderma growth management, the step 7 of pest control and harvesting the step 8, and harvesting the second tide of spore powder and sporocarps.

Example 2: different from the embodiment 1, in the step 5, the preparation method of the earthing material used in the fungus stick earthing comprises the following steps: mixing 20 parts of vermiculite powder, 15 parts of herb residue and 70 parts of fine soil, crushing into granules with the diameter of 0.5-2cm, and adjusting the water content to 35%; the residue is not extruded and puffed. The other steps were the same as in example 1.

Example 3: different from the embodiment 1, in the step 5 fungus stick soil covering, the soil covering material is soil particles which are ordinarily crushed into the diameter of 0.5-2cm, and the water content of the soil covering material is adjusted to be 30-35%. The other steps were the same as in example 1.

Example 4: different from the embodiment 1, in the step 5, the fungus stick soil covering material is soil particles which are ordinarily crushed into the soil particles with the diameter of 0.5-2cm, and the water content of the soil particles is adjusted to 35 percent; in the step 1, the improved rice bran is not sprayed with the tea polyphenol water solution. The rest of the process was the same as in example 1.

Comparative example 1: different from the embodiment 1, in the step 5, the fungus stick soil covering material is soil particles which are ordinarily crushed into the soil particles with the diameter of 0.5-2cm, and the water content of the soil particles is adjusted to 35 percent; and in the step 1, only log is used for bagging, and improved rice bran is not used for bagging. The rest of the process was the same as in example 1.

The following ganoderma lucidum cultivation tests were performed according to the methods of examples 1 to 4 and comparative example 1, and the results are shown in table 1 below, wherein the ganoderma lucidum yield is 100% of the number of sticks of ganoderma lucidum/the total number of sticks cultivated in the covering soil, the single yield of the fruit body is the mass (kg) of the ganoderma lucidum fruit body which can be harvested in the current year from 1000kg of sticks, and the unit yield of the spore powder is the ratio of the spore powder to the yield of the ganoderma lucidum fruit body, that is, the yield (kg) of the spore powder corresponding to 1kg of the ganoderma lucidum fruit body.

TABLE 1 Ganoderma yield, fruiting body yield and spore powder yield per unit for different Ganoderma cultivation methods

As can be seen from Table 1, the unit yields of spore powder are 1.68kg, 1.63kg and 1.57kg respectively in the methods of examples 1 to 3, and the unit yields of spore powder are 1.71kg, 1.59kg and 1.58kg respectively in the second year, which are obviously increased compared with comparative example 1, the unit yield of fruiting bodies is also obviously improved compared with comparative example 1, the yield of glossy ganoderma is also obviously higher than that of comparative example 1, and the methods of examples 1 to 3 show obvious advantages compared with comparative example 1.

Example 5

1. And (3) making a fungus bag:

selecting a wood with the diameter of 10cm-20cm, planing off peripheral water caltrops and burrs according to the length of 18 cm-20cm, ensuring the section surface to be flat, placing for 2 days after the section is cut, when the water content of the log is 55-65% and fine cracks appear on the surface of the log section, bagging the log and the improved rice bran, wherein the bag is a polyethylene bag with the thickness of more than 0.07cm, for the log with the diameter of more than 18cm, each segment is packed into 1 bag together with rice bran, for the log with the diameter of 10cm-17cm, more than two segments are bound together and packed into 1 bag together with rice bran, the used rope is a cotton wheel rope, the weight of each bag is about 9kg, the periphery is ensured to be smooth when the bag is bound, so as to avoid puncturing the bag, tightening the bag opening after bagging, heating up to sterilize under normal pressure, starting timing when the sterilizing temperature is raised to 100 ℃, maintaining the temperature at 100 ℃ for 48h, stopping heating, keeping the fungus sticks in a sterilizing pot, sealing for 24h, and cooling to obtain the fungus sticks; the improved rice bran is prepared by spraying tea polyphenol water solution and potassium dihydrogen phosphate water solution on common rice bran and mixing; the improved rice bran contains 0.001% of tea polyphenol, 0.7% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 55% of water by mass; the mass ratio of the improved rice bran to the log for bagging is 15: 85.

2. Inoculating a fungus bag:

preparing strains: the preparation is carried out according to the NY/T528 requirement, and the quality requirement meets the requirement of GB/T23599.

The formula of the culture medium of the cultivar is as follows: 77% of miscellaneous wood chips, 20% of wheat bran, 1% of gypsum powder and 2% of hydrated lime.

Inoculating room: the inoculation room is a sealable space, and is thoroughly disinfected and cleaned once 2 days before inoculation and kept dry.

And (3) inoculation operation: and (3) moving the sterilized bacteria sticks to an inoculation chamber, performing conventional inoculation according to an aseptic operation procedure after the temperature of the materials is reduced to 35 ℃, wherein the inoculation amount of each bag of the bacteria sticks is 50-70 g, and fastening two ends of each inoculated bacteria stick by using ropes. If the plastic bag is damaged, the plastic bag needs to be sealed by adhesive tape.

3. Hypha culture:

the culture room is sterilized before use, and is kept clean, dry, ventilated and shaded.

And moving the inoculated strain rods to a culture room for dark culture, and maintaining the room temperature at 35 ℃ for the first 3 days to perform temperature-controlled strain development. And (4) cooling the room temperature to 28 ℃ for spawn running after the inoculation surfaces of the fungus sticks are completely whitened and hyphae germinate. Ventilating for 1-2 times per day in the spawn running period, checking the growth condition of hyphae at intervals of 7-10 days, and cleaning a spawn stick polluted by mixed fungi. After culturing for 60 days, the surface of the basswood becomes light yellow, the hypha is physiological mature, and the hypha grows over the basswood. And (4) moving the overgrown hypha fungus sticks to a shady and cool place under the forest, promoting the hypha to grow rapidly, and earthing when primordia appear after the hypha fungus sticks are placed for 10 days.

4. Constructing a sesame field and preparing soil and making ridges:

constructing a sesame field: the ganoderma field is built by building a greenhouse, firstly, greenhouse frames are fixed by using Chinese fir, bamboo and iron wires, piling and fixing are carried out every 2m or so, the length of each greenhouse frame is 80m, the width of each greenhouse frame is 8m, the heights of two sides are 2 m-2.5 m, the middle height is 3 m-3.5 m, so that the ventilation requirement of the ganoderma is met, and the whole frame is covered by a sunshade net with the sunshade rate of 90% after being fixed, so that the greenhouse is enclosed and closed.

Land preparation and bed making: making ridges in the greenhouse frame, reserving a walkway between every two ridges, and scattering a layer of lime powder on the ridge surface and the walkway surface; the furrow depth is 20cm, the width is 80-100 cm, the length is 10m, and the walkway width is 60 cm.

5. And (3) earthing the mushroom sticks:

carrying out fungus refining for 7 days after primordium appears on the placed fungus sticks, cutting fungus bags on the fungus sticks subjected to fungus refining, transversely arranging the fungus sticks on the surface of a prepared cultivation bed in a gapless manner, filling gaps among the fungus sticks and covering the fungus sticks with soil covering materials to prevent the fungus sticks from being exposed out of the surface, covering the fungus sticks with the soil covering materials by 3cm in thickness, then covering thin film small arched sheds on the fungus sticks arranged on the surface of the bed, digging cultivation bed ditches, and irrigating water to 20cm in depth and maintaining the water depth until powder collection is finished; the preparation method of the earthing material comprises the following steps: mixing 15 parts of vermiculite powder, 10 parts of herb residues and 70 parts of fine soil, and then crushing into granules with the diameter of 0.5-2cm, wherein the water content is adjusted to be 30 percent; the medicinal residue is obtained by extrusion and puffing.

6. And (4) lucid ganoderma output management:

controlling the ambient temperature of a sesame field to be 23-32 ℃, controlling the relative humidity of air to be 80-90%, forming buds after 15 days after covering soil, keeping a film arched shed closed before the sesame buds are 5cm high, and uncovering plastic films at two ends of a furrow for ventilation after the stipes of the fungus are 5cm, wherein the time per day is 1, and the time per time is 0.5 h; thinning the glossy ganoderma in the bud stage, keeping a robust glossy ganoderma bud at each end of each mushroom stick, and cutting off redundant glossy ganoderma buds from the base part by using a sharp knife;

7. and (3) pest control:

pest control is carried out by a physical method, or green mould is controlled by quicklime; the physical prevention and control comprises using an insecticidal lamp, using a yellow plate or manually catching one or the combination of more than two methods to prevent and control the plant diseases and insect pests.

8. Harvesting:

collecting spore powder after spore powder is sprayed on ganoderma lucidum pileus, wherein the spore powder collecting method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of (1) arranging and flattening the ridge surfaces, paving 6C films with the width of 3m and the length of 7m on the ridge surfaces, opening the corresponding film positions where lucid ganoderma grows out, exposing lucid ganoderma flowers out of the films, covering gaps, exposed out of mud surfaces, of the openings with 6C film sheets of 25 x 25cm, ensuring that sprayed spore powder is isolated from the mud surfaces, building bamboo sticks on the peripheries of the ridge surfaces into frames with the height of 32cm, covering the peripheries and the tops of the frames with non-woven fabrics into a closed spore powder scattering space, collecting spore powder ejected by sporocarp bullets, and keeping the arched shed films from being opened in the powder production period and keeping the inclined openings of the films at two ends of the arched shed at 60 degrees;

after the powder is produced for 50 days, the fungus tube layer on the back of the ganoderma lucidum pileus turns into dark red, the ganoderma lucidum fruiting body and the spore powder are harvested, when in harvesting, fruit tree shears are used for shearing off from the base part of the ganoderma lucidum stalk, a root thin film is not required to be driven so as to avoid bringing soil into a thin film powder layer, then the ganoderma lucidum pileus spore powder is swept into a collecting barrel, and simultaneously the spore powder in the mulching film is completely collected, and the thin film is not required to be driven during collecting so as to avoid mixing impurities in the spore powder;

9. and (4) managing the second tide of spore powder, namely, finishing and flattening the collected ridge surfaces, controlling the water in the furrow to be dry, completely wiping off newly grown glossy ganoderma buds, reserving the glossy ganoderma buds grown 3 months later in the second year, repeating the step 6 of glossy ganoderma growth management, the step 7 of pest control and harvesting the step 8, and harvesting the second tide of spore powder and sporocarps.

Example 6: different from the embodiment 5, in the step 5, the preparation method of the earthing material used in the fungus stick earthing comprises the following steps: mixing 15 parts of vermiculite powder, 10 parts of herb residue and 70 parts of fine soil, crushing into granules with the diameter of 0.5-2cm, and adjusting the water content to 30%; the residue is not extruded and puffed. The other steps were the same as in example 1.

Example 7: different from the embodiment 5, in the step 5 fungus stick soil covering, soil covering materials are used, which are soil particles ordinarily crushed to have a diameter of 0.5-2cm, and the water content is adjusted to 30%. The other steps were the same as in example 1.

Example 8: different from the embodiment 5, in the step 5, the fungus stick soil covering material is soil particles which are ordinarily crushed into the soil particles with the diameter of 0.5-2cm, and the water content of the soil particles is adjusted to be 30 percent; in the step 1, the improved rice bran is not sprayed with the tea polyphenol water solution. The rest of the process was the same as in example 1.

Comparative example 2: different from the embodiment 5, in the step 5, the fungus stick soil covering material is soil particles which are ordinarily crushed into the soil particles with the diameter of 0.5-2cm, and the water content of the soil particles is adjusted to be 30 percent; and in the step 1, only log is used for bagging, and improved rice bran is not used for bagging. The rest of the process was the same as in example 1.

The following ganoderma lucidum cultivation tests according to the methods of examples 5 to 8 and comparative example 2 show that the ganoderma lucidum yield is 100% of the number of sticks of ganoderma lucidum/the total number of sticks cultivated in the covering soil, the single yield of the fruiting body is the mass (kg) of the ganoderma lucidum fruiting body which can be harvested in the current year from 1000kg of sticks, and the unit yield of the spore powder is the ratio of the spore powder to the yield of the ganoderma lucidum fruiting body, that is, the yield (kg) of the spore powder corresponding to 1kg of the ganoderma lucidum fruiting body, as shown in table 2 below.

TABLE 2 Ganoderma yield, fruiting body yield and spore powder yield per unit for different Ganoderma cultivation methods

As can be seen from Table 2, the yield of the spore powder in the first year is 1.71kg, 1.62kg and 1.59kg, and the yield of the spore powder in the second year is 1.74kg, 1.63kg and 1.61kg, respectively, according to the methods of examples 5 to 7, compared with the method of comparative example 2, the increase is obvious, the yield of the fruiting body is also obviously improved compared with the method of comparative example 2, the fruiting rate is also obviously higher than that of comparative example 2, and the methods of examples 5 to 7 show obvious advantages compared with the method of comparative example 2.

In conclusion, the ganoderma lucidum cultivation method is beneficial to improving the ganoderma lucidum yield, improving the yield of ganoderma lucidum fruiting bodies, realizing the full use of cultivation materials and improving the yield of spore powder produced by unit fruiting bodies.

The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain certain principles of the invention and its practical application to enable one skilled in the art to make and use various exemplary embodiments of the invention and various alternatives and modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims (9)

1. A cultivation method of ganoderma lucidum with high ganoderma lucidum spore powder yield is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1, manufacturing of fungus bags: selecting a wood with the diameter of 10cm-20cm and cutting the wood into sections with the length of 18-20 cm, placing the sections for 2-3 days after the sections are cut, bagging the sections and the improved rice bran when the water content of the sections is 55% -65% and fine cracks appear on the section surface of the sections, bagging 1 section of the sections with the rice bran for the sections with the diameter of more than 18cm, binding more than two sections together with the sections with the diameter of 10cm-17cm into 1 bag together with the rice bran for the sections with the diameter of 10cm-17cm, tying the bag mouth tightly after bagging, and carrying out normal-pressure heating sterilization; the improved rice bran is prepared by spraying tea polyphenol water solution and potassium dihydrogen phosphate water solution on common rice bran and mixing; the bagging adopts a polyethylene bag;

s2, inoculating a fungus bag: after sterilization, after the temperature of the materials is reduced to below 35 ℃, conventional inoculation is carried out, two ends of a fungus stick after inoculation are fastened by a rope, and if a plastic bag is damaged, the plastic bag is sealed by an adhesive tape in a repairing way;

s3, hypha culture: the inoculated mushroom sticks are cultured in a dark place at 35 ℃, the inoculated surfaces of the mushroom sticks are all whitened, hyphae germinate and then are cooled to 28 ℃ for spawn running, ventilation is carried out for 1-2 times per day during the spawn running period, the hyphae growth condition is checked at intervals of 7-10 days, the mushroom sticks polluted by mixed bacteria are cleaned in time, and after the mushroom sticks are cultured for 45-60 days, the mushroom sticks are moved to a shady and cool place under a forest;

s4, constructing a sesame field and preparing soil and making beds: the method comprises the following steps that a sesame field is built in a greenhouse building mode, the whole greenhouse frame is covered by a sunshade net with a sunshade rate of 90%, furrows are made in the greenhouse frame, a walking channel is reserved between every two furrows, and a layer of lime powder is scattered on the surfaces of the furrows and the walking channel;

s5, earthing the mushroom sticks: after primordium appears on the placed fungus sticks, carrying out fungus refining for 5-7 days, cutting off fungus bags on the fungus sticks subjected to fungus refining, transversely arranging the fungus sticks on the surface of a prepared cultivation bed in a gapless manner, filling gaps among the fungus sticks and covering the fungus sticks with a soil covering material to prevent the fungus sticks from exposing the surface, then covering thin film small arched sheds on the arranged fungus sticks on the surface of the bed, digging cultivation bed ditches, and irrigating water and maintaining till powder collection is finished;

the preparation method of the earthing material comprises the following steps: mixing 15-20 parts of vermiculite powder, 10-15 parts of herb residue and 70 parts of fine soil, crushing into granules with the diameter of 0.5-2cm, and adjusting the water content to 30% -35%; the medicine residue is processed by extrusion and puffing;

s6, lucid ganoderma growth management: controlling the ambient temperature of a sesame field to be 23-32 ℃, controlling the relative humidity of air to be 80% -90%, keeping a film arched shed closed before a sesame bud is 5cm high, and uncovering plastic films at two ends of a furrow for ventilation for 1 time/day and 0.5 hour/time after a stipe is 5 cm; thinning the glossy ganoderma in the bud period, and keeping a robust glossy ganoderma bud at each end of each mushroom stick;

s7, pest control: pest control is carried out by a physical method, or green mould is controlled by quicklime; the physical prevention and control comprises pest control by using one or more of an insecticidal lamp, a yellow board or manual catching method;

s8, harvesting: collecting spore powder after Ganoderma pileus starts to spray spore powder, producing powder for 45-50 days, and collecting Ganoderma fruiting body and spore powder after the layer of the Ganoderma pileus back surface turns into dark red;

s9, managing the second tide of spore powder, namely, finishing and flattening the harvested ridge surfaces, controlling the moisture in the ridge grooves to be dry, wiping off all newly grown glossy ganoderma buds, reserving the glossy ganoderma buds grown after 3 months in the next year, repeating the step S6 of glossy ganoderma growth management, the step S7 of pest control and the step S8 of harvesting, and harvesting the second tide of spore powder and sporocarps.

2. The method for cultivating ganoderma lucidum with high ganoderma lucidum spore powder yield according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the content of tea polyphenol in the improved rice bran is 0.001% -0.01%, the content of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is 0.7% -0.8%, and the water content is 55% -60% by mass fraction.

3. The cultivation method of ganoderma lucidum with high ganoderma lucidum spore powder yield according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the improved rice bran to the cut log used for bagging in the step S1 is 10-15: 85-90.

4. The method for cultivating Ganoderma lucidum having high Ganoderma lucidum spore powder yield according to claim 1, wherein the wood in step S1 is a hardwood species without aromatic tincture; the section cutting process also comprises the step of planing off water caltrops and burrs on the periphery of the section surface; the thickness of the polyethylene bag is more than 0.07 cm; the rope used for binding more than two sections of wood together is a cotton wheel rope; the normal-pressure heating sterilization method comprises the steps of raising the temperature to 100 ℃, starting sterilization, keeping for 48 hours, keeping the fungus sticks in a sterilization pot for 24 hours after stopping heating, and cooling and taking out the fungus sticks.

5. The method for cultivating ganoderma lucidum with high ganoderma lucidum spore powder yield according to claim 1, wherein the conventional inoculation in the step S2 uses a cultivar, and the culture medium components of the cultivar comprise: 77% of miscellaneous wood chips, 20% of wheat bran, 1% of gypsum powder and 2% of hydrated lime, wherein the inoculation amount of the cultivated species is 50-70 g of inoculation of each fungus bag.

6. The method for cultivating Ganoderma lucidum with high Ganoderma lucidum spore powder yield according to claim 1, wherein the mycelium culture in step S3 is performed in a culture room, and the culture room is cleaned and sterilized before use.

7. The method for cultivating ganoderma lucidum with high ganoderma lucidum spore powder yield according to claim 1, wherein in the step S4: the length of the greenhouse frame is 80-100 m, the width of the greenhouse frame is less than or equal to 10m, the heights of two sides are 2-2.5 m, the height of the middle of the greenhouse frame is 3-3.5 m, the furrow is 20cm in depth, 80-100 cm in width and 10-15 m in length, and the walking track is 60cm in width.

8. The method for cultivating ganoderma lucidum with high ganoderma lucidum spore powder yield according to claim 1, wherein in the step S5: covering the fungus sticks with the covering soil material to be 3cm thick; irrigating water into the ditch until the water depth is 20 cm.

9. The method for cultivating ganoderma lucidum with high ganoderma lucidum spore powder yield according to claim 1, wherein the spore powder collecting method in the step S8 is as follows: the method comprises the following steps of (1) clearing the surfaces of the ridges smoothly, paving a thin film on the surfaces of the ridges, forming an opening at the position where the corresponding thin film for growing the lucid ganoderma is formed, exposing the lucid ganoderma from the thin film, covering a gap with the opening exposing the mud surface by using a thin film sheet, ensuring that sprayed spore powder is isolated from the mud surface, building a frame with the height of 32cm around the surfaces of the ridges by using a bamboo stick, covering the periphery and the top of the frame by using non-woven fabrics to form a closed spore powder scattering space, and collecting the spore powder ejected by sporophores;

and the management of the powder producing period in the step S8 comprises that the arched shed film is not opened, and the film at the two ends of the arched shed is obliquely opened by 60 degrees.