CN102565307A - Tester and testing method for variable pressure and variable temperature accelerated corrosion - Google Patents
Tester and testing method for variable pressure and variable temperature accelerated corrosion Download PDFInfo
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- CN102565307A CN102565307A CN2012100150230A CN201210015023A CN102565307A CN 102565307 A CN102565307 A CN 102565307A CN 2012100150230 A CN2012100150230 A CN 2012100150230A CN 201210015023 A CN201210015023 A CN 201210015023A CN 102565307 A CN102565307 A CN 102565307A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a tester and a testing method for variable pressure and variable temperature accelerated corrosion, and aims to provide a tester and a testing method for variable pressure and variable temperature accelerated corrosion, so that a corrosion variation rule of calcium ions is mastered in real time, and effective scientific basis is supplied to reinforced support. The technical scheme is that: the tester comprises an acid-resisting and pressure-resisting container and a tail water device, and is characterized in that: two confining pressure plates are symmetrically arranged in the acid-resisting and pressure-resisting container, so that a closed confining pressure bin is formed; a force transmission rod I and a confining pressure servo are connected to one side of each confining pressure plate, which is away from a test piece; after the test piece is arranged, an axial pressure bin is formed; a water permeation gasket is arranged in the axial pressure bin; a force transmission rod II and an axial pressure server are sequentially connected to one side of the water permeation gasket, which is away from the test piece; the confining pressure bin and the axial pressure bin are respectively connected with a glass container through glass guide tubes; a high pressure pump, a temperature controller and a check valve are arranged on the glass guide tubes respectively; and a pressure gauge is arranged on the axial pressure bin. The tester is suitable for underground engineering such as hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering, traffic, mining and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to test apparatus and test method thereof that a kind of pressure and temperature varying quickens corrosion, mainly be applicable to underground workss such as Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering, traffic, mine.
Background technology
Be built in the hypogee in karst engineering district, like buried cavern etc., on the one hand because top or the construction of side direction secondary; In transformation process, cause the change of local pressure, on the other hand owing to contact with corrosive water; And work as water body from the face of land, and the seepage flow approach is shorter again, and its temperature is easy to receive ectocine; Summer in winter has alternately just formed a kind of external condition of pressure and temperature varying, and the karst region country rock is owing to contact with the seepage flow corrosive water; The loss of its calcium ion causes the decay of its mechanical property, causes that country rock is aging.Infiltration water not only weakens gradually the rock soil mass intensity of (comprising artificial material) through changing composition (mainly being calcium ion), structure and proterties; And through the next stability that finally influences engineering district building of the Penetration Signature, seepage flow form and the stress state that change rock soil mass; Thereby also have influence on the normal performance of building function; Shorten the service life of building, the meeting direct threats is to the safety of people's life and property.General this type engineering construction need be on active service decades or longer; So; Under the pressure and temperature varying condition, calcium ion is with under the multiple actions such as pressure, temperature and time, and variation characteristic does not still have effectively quantitatively to be passed judgment on; And the engineering construction rock soil mass is under this kind condition, and the project durability characteristic after corrosion decades is also unpredictable.Tradition triaxial test instrument be confined to mostly investigate rock soil mass the engineering mechanics proterties, seek on the appropriate design parameter, quicken on the dissolved corrosion test actually rare and it is used in the alternating temperature transformation.The structure of traditional instrument is as illustrated in fig. 1 and 2, is made up of three parts: first is a main frame 100, comprises compression chamber 101 and vertical stress application system; Second portion is a confined pressure system 102; Third part is a hole pressing system 103.During test, sample is wrapped in rubber membrane is built on the base of compression chamber 101, apply uniform pressure through 102 pairs of samples of confined pressure system; Apply axial stress through transmission rod 104; Measure pore water pressure through hole pressing system 103.
Summary of the invention
The technical matters that the present invention will solve is: the problem to above-mentioned existence provides a kind of pressure and temperature varying to quicken the test apparatus and the test method thereof of corrosion; To the carbonate formation in the engineering district, under the pressure and temperature varying condition; Adopt the method for quickening corrosion,, study the corrosion characteristic and the speed thereof of rock soil mass on the one hand through the variation of infiltration water water quality; Corrosion Changing Pattern with real-time grasp calcium ion; Be on the other hand accurately grasp the karst region building be on active service after the several years engineering characteristic according to the time variation characteristic, for reinforce support provides than effective scientific basis, and foundation and data are provided for follow-up physical mechanics test.
The technical scheme that the present invention adopted is: pressure and temperature varying quickens the test apparatus of corrosion; Comprise acidproof pressure vessel; And the tail water device that is communicated with its water delivering orifice; It is characterized in that: two blocks of confined pressure plates that contact and can slide within it with acidproof pressure vessel inner wall sealing of symmetric arrangement in the said acidproof pressure vessel, the airtight confined pressure storehouse that formation one is used to place sample, each confined pressure plate connects the transmission rod I confined pressure servomechanism outside with being positioned at acidproof pressure vessel successively away from sample one side; Form an airtight axial compression storehouse after sample places above it, arrange a permeable pad in this axial compression storehouse, this permeable pad connects the transmission rod II axial compression servomechanism outside with being positioned at acidproof pressure vessel successively away from sample one side; Said confined pressure storehouse is connected the glass container that test water is housed through grass tube respectively with the axial compression storehouse, and is separately installed with high-pressure pump and temperature controller on the grass tube, and said grass tube and the place of connection, confined pressure storehouse are provided for the retaining valve that prevents that water refluxes in the storehouse; Said axial compression storehouse is provided with the tensimeter with its internal communication.
Said tail water device comprises the water output duct that is communicated with acidproof pressure vessel water delivering orifice, and the tail water collection container that is positioned at this water output duct water side, and the calcium ion detector is housed on the said water output duct, and the probe that stretches in the water output duct is set on this detector.
Said test apparatus also comprises the testing table of a hollow, and said acidproof pressure vessel is positioned over the upper surface of testing table, and the tail water device then is positioned in the cavity of testing table.
On the said grass tube flow instrument is installed.
Pressure and temperature varying quickens the dissolved corrosion test method, it is characterized in that step is following:
A, get carbonated acidulous water as test water, choosing the right cylinder core simultaneously is subjects, and obtains testing with impurity with the dust on distilled water washed samples surface and use sample;
B, place in the drying baker oven dry after 24 hours on sample, claim its weight, note is made W
1, unit: mg, the surface area note is made S, unit: cm
2
C, step b gained sample is put into confined pressure storehouse internal fixation, and in axial compression storehouse and confined pressure storehouse, inject acidulous water, sample is fully contacted with acidulous water, simultaneously it is applied axial compression σ
1With confined pressure σ
2, σ
3, control its original pressure σ
1=σ
2=σ
3Be 10Mpa, acidulous water hydraulic pressure is 10Mpa, and temperature is 10 ℃ in water temperature and the storehouse, confined pressure storehouse; Every at a distance from 2 hours, axial compression and confined pressure are promoted 5Mpa, the 5Mpa of acidulous water hydraulic pressure rising simultaneously; Temperature raises 2 ℃ in water temperature and the storehouse, confined pressure storehouse, rises to 55Mpa up to axial compression and confined pressure, and acidulous water hydraulic pressure also rises to 55Mpa; Temperature rises to 28 ℃ in water temperature and the storehouse, confined pressure storehouse, and keeps this state 2 hours; Meanwhile, utilize calcium ion detector real-time dynamic monitoring and the concentration M that writes down calcium ion in the tail water, unit: mg/L, and every interval was measured the TDS and the conductivity of tail water under the different condition in 15 minutes;
D, sample is taken out in the confined pressure storehouse, and put into drying baker oven dry 24 hours, sweep off floating dust, weigh then, the weight note that draws after the corrosion experiment is made W
2, unit: mg;
E, utilize following formula to calculate,
Sample quality corrosion amount Δ W=W
1-W
2Unit: mg
Sample average quality erosion rate V=Δ W/20 unit: mg/h
Avg. area of sample erosion rate μ=Δ W/S unit: mg/cm
2
In conjunction with calcium ion concentration M curve over time, with 2 hours be the time interval, calculate the rate of change of calcium ion M under different confined pressures and the different temperatures.
In the said steps d, sample put into drying baker before, the sample that will in the confined pressure storehouse, take out earlier places the airless environment 2 hours of 25 ℃ of temperature, makes its surperficial water evaporates.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention is provided with axial compression servomechanism and confined pressure servomechanism; Apply axial compression and confined pressure through the transmission rod that is attached thereto to sample respectively; Karst water contacts with sample fully simultaneously, and participates in physical-chemical reaction, and the pressure and temp of this karst water is adjustable; The corrosion situation of real simulated karst region country rock more, thus the reliability of test findings guaranteed; In the tail water conduit, arrange calcium ion dynamic monitoring meter, through the variation of infiltration water water quality, the corrosion characteristic and the speed thereof of research rock soil mass are with the corrosion Changing Pattern of real-time grasp calcium ion; Simultaneously can obtain the erosion rate of sample, pass judgment on rock soil mass or the stability of buildings in drafting Years Of Service, to determine whether that need carry out reinforcement to it handles, and provides scientific basis for guaranteeing engineering stability according to the tail water measurement data.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural drawing of test apparatus in the background technology of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the vertical view of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the structural drawing of test apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the vertical view of Fig. 3.
Embodiment
Like Fig. 3, shown in Figure 4; Present embodiment is to form through traditional triaxial test instrument is undergone technological transformation; Concrete structure comprises the testing table 1 of a hollow; Be positioned over the acidproof pressure vessel 17 of this testing table upper surface, and be positioned over the tail water device in testing table 1 cavity, this tail water device is communicated with through penetration mode with the water delivering orifice of acidproof pressure vessel 17.Two blocks of confined pressure plates 19 that contact and can slide within it with acidproof pressure vessel 17 inner wall sealings of symmetric arrangement in the said acidproof pressure vessel 17; The airtight confined pressure storehouse 10 that formation one is used to place sample 7, each confined pressure plate 19 connects transmission rod I20 and the confined pressure servomechanism 9 that is positioned at acidproof pressure vessel 17 outsides successively away from sample 7 one sides; Confined pressure servomechanism 9 work and power is passed to confined pressure plate 19 through transmission rod I20 during test realizes applying confined pressure to sample 7.After placing, sample 7 forms an airtight axial compression storehouse 21 (this axial compression storehouse not being communicated with mutually with the confined pressure storehouse) above it through sample is installed; Arrange in this axial compression storehouse that a permeable pad 18 (is the rigid metal pad; Be evenly distributed with intensive aperture; On the one hand can transmitter shaft power, on the other hand can be permeable), this permeable pad connects the transmission rod II 13 axial compression servomechanism 8 outside with being positioned at acidproof pressure vessel 17 successively away from sample 7 one sides; During test, axial compression servomechanism 8 is worked and through transmission rod II 13 power is passed to permeable pad 18, realizes applying axial compression to sample 7.Said confined pressure storehouse 10 is connected through grass tube 16 respectively with axial compression storehouse 21 is equipped with test water (for the real simulation field condition; The general acidulous water that contains carbonic acid that adopts; Have aggressivity and corrosivity) glass container 2, and be separately installed with high-pressure pump 3 (have acid resistance, be used for) on the grass tube 16 and temperature controller 5 (has acid resistance to acidulous water pressurization; Be used to control the temperature of acidulous water); Said grass tube 16 is provided with retaining valve 15 with 10 places of connection, confined pressure storehouse, is pushed back grass tube 16 to prevent the liquid in the confined pressure storehouse 10, causes the backflow of reaction solution; Said axial compression storehouse 21 is provided with the tensimeter 6 with its internal communication, is used for showing intuitively the pressure of acidulous water.
On the said grass tube 16 flow instrument 4 is installed also, can writes down flow rate of fluid on the one hand, also can play the effect of monitoring on the other hand, if flow increases suddenly, should stop test, the integrality of inspection sample is to prevent the generation of water power splitting.
Said tail water device comprises the water output duct 22 that is communicated with acidproof pressure vessel 17 water delivering orifices; And the tail water collection container 12 that is positioned at this water output duct water side; Calcium ion detector 11 (being used for writing down the current calcium ion content) is housed on the said water output duct 22; The probe 14 (the acid resistance lead is under the jurisdiction of the calcium ion detector) that stretches in the water output duct 22 is set on this detector, the calcium ion in the tail water is carried out real-time dynamic change monitoring with convenient.
In this example, high-pressure pump 3, flow instrument 4 and temperature controller 5 are arranged on the grass tube 16 along the water (flow) direction of acidulous water successively; Acidulous water just becomes the fluid with certain flow rate and pressure behind high-pressure pump 3, high-pressure pump 3 in test can be at any time according to the requirements set different power, with the different hydraulic pressure of convenient adjusting; Can write down flow rate of fluid during acidulous water process flow instrument 4, monitor the flow size simultaneously; The high-velocity flow temperature controller 5 of flowing through can be converted into the fluid with uniform temperature according to concrete testing requirements, and temperature controller 5 can be regulated through the temperature of fluid wherein easily, constantly to regulate temperature variation in the convenient test; Last acidulous water fully contacts with sample 7 in grass tube 16 gets into axial compression storehouse 21 and confined pressure storehouse 10 respectively, applies axial compression and confined pressure through axial compression servomechanism 8 and 9 pairs of samples of confined pressure servomechanism respectively then; In the process of the test, acidulous water contacts concurrent looks and closes physics, chemical reaction with sample 7, participates in reacted solution and flows to tail water collection container 12 through water output duct 22, during this period, implements dynamic monitoring by the calcium ion detector that has probe 14 11 again.
The step of utilizing the said test unit of present embodiment to make an experiment is following:
A, get the higher carbonic acid of concentration, (0.020～0.033mol/L) prepares and obtains test and use acidulous water, and choosing the right cylinder core simultaneously is subjects, and cleans its surperficial dust and impurity obtains testing with sample 7 with distilled water according to finite concentration;
B, place in the drying baker (85 ℃～90 ℃) oven dry to claim its weight after 24 hours on sample 7, note is made W
1, unit: mg; The surface area note is made S, unit: cm
2
C, step b gained sample 7 is put into confined pressure storehouse 10 internal fixation, and in axial compression storehouse 21 and confined pressure storehouse 10 implantation step a gained acidulous water, sample 7 is fully contacted with acidulous water, simultaneously it is applied axial compression σ
1With confined pressure σ
2, σ
3, control its original pressure σ
1=σ
2=σ
3Be 10Mpa, acidulous water hydraulic pressure is 10Mpa, and temperature is 10 ℃ in water temperature and 10 storehouses, confined pressure storehouse; Every at a distance from 2 hours, axial compression and confined pressure are promoted 5Mpa, the 5Mpa of acidulous water hydraulic pressure rising simultaneously; Temperature raises 2 ℃ in water temperature and 10 storehouses, confined pressure storehouse; Rise to 55Mpa up to axial compression and confined pressure, acidulous water hydraulic pressure also rises to 55Mpa, and temperature rises to 28 ℃ in water temperature and 10 storehouses, confined pressure storehouse; And kept this state 2 hours, promptly entire test continues 20 hours; Meanwhile, utilize calcium ion detector 11 real-time dynamic monitorings and the variation of writing down calcium ion in the tail water, be designated as M, unit: mg/L; And the TDS (total dissolved solid of tail water under the different condition was measured at every interval in 15 minutes; The mg/L of unit) and conductivity (the μ s/cm of unit), draw TDS curve, conductivity curve and calcium ion concentration M curve over time over time over time respectively;
D, sample is taken out in 10 from the confined pressure storehouse, place the airless environment 2 hours of 25 ℃ of temperature, make its surperficial water evaporates; Put into drying baker (85 ℃～90 ℃) oven dry 24 hours then; Sweep off floating dust, adopt the per mille scales/electronic balance weighing, the weight note that draws after corrosion is tested is made W
2, unit: mg;
E, ask for other desired parameters according to following formula:
Sample quality corrosion amount Δ W=W
1-W
2Unit: mg
In the formula: Δ W is the corrosion amount, W
1Be the quality of sample before testing, W
2For testing the quality of back sample;
Sample average quality erosion rate V=Δ W/20 unit: mg/h
In the formula: V is the sample average erosion rate, and h is the time, unit hour;
Avg. area of sample erosion rate μ=Δ W/S unit: mg/cm
2
In conjunction with the calcium ion concentration M that draws out curve over time, with 2 hours be the time interval, calculate the rate of change of calcium ion M under rate of change and the different temperatures of calcium ion M under the different confined pressures.
Claims (6)
1. a pressure and temperature varying quickens the test apparatus of corrosion; Comprise acidproof pressure vessel (17); And the tail water device that is communicated with its water delivering orifice; It is characterized in that: two blocks of confined pressure plates (19) that contact and can slide within it with acidproof pressure vessel (17) inner wall sealing of the interior symmetric arrangement of said acidproof pressure vessel (17); The airtight confined pressure storehouse (10) that formation one is used to place sample (7), each confined pressure plate (19) connect transmission rod I (20) successively away from sample (7) one sides and are positioned at the outside confined pressure servomechanism (9) of acidproof pressure vessel (17); After placing, sample (7) forms an airtight axial compression storehouse (21) above it; Arrange a permeable pad (18) in this axial compression storehouse, this permeable pad connects transmission rod II (13) successively away from sample (7) one sides and is positioned at the outside axial compression servomechanism (8) of acidproof pressure vessel (17); Said confined pressure storehouse (10) is connected the glass container (2) that test water is housed through grass tube (16) respectively with axial compression storehouse (21); And be separately installed with high-pressure pump (3) and temperature controller (5) on the grass tube (16), said grass tube (16) and confined pressure storehouse (10) place of connection are provided for the retaining valve (15) that prevents that water refluxes in the storehouse; Said axial compression storehouse (21) is provided with the tensimeter (6) with its internal communication.
2. pressure and temperature varying according to claim 1 quickens the test apparatus of corrosion; It is characterized in that: said tail water device comprises the water output duct (22) that is communicated with acidproof pressure vessel (17) water delivering orifice; And the tail water collection container (12) that is positioned at this water output duct water side; Calcium ion detector (11) is housed on the said water output duct (22), the probe (14) that stretches in the water output duct (22) is set on this detector.
3. pressure and temperature varying according to claim 1 and 2 quickens the test apparatus of corrosion; It is characterized in that: said test apparatus also comprises the testing table (1) of a hollow; Said acidproof pressure vessel (17) is positioned over the upper surface of testing table (1), and the tail water device then is positioned in the cavity of testing table (1).
4. pressure and temperature varying according to claim 1 and 2 quickens the test apparatus of corrosion, it is characterized in that: flow instrument (4) is installed on the said grass tube (16).
5. a pressure and temperature varying quickens the dissolved corrosion test method, it is characterized in that step is following:
A, get carbonated acidulous water as test water, choosing the right cylinder core simultaneously is subjects, and obtains testing with impurity with the dust on distilled water washed samples surface and use sample;
B, place in the drying baker oven dry after 24 hours on sample, claim its weight, note is made W
1, unit: mg, the surface area note is made S, unit: cm
2
C, step b gained sample is put into confined pressure storehouse (10) internal fixation, and in axial compression storehouse (21) and confined pressure storehouse (10), inject acidulous water, sample is fully contacted with acidulous water, simultaneously it is applied axial compression σ
1With confined pressure σ
2, σ
3, control its original pressure σ
1=σ
2=σ
3Be 10Mpa, acidulous water hydraulic pressure is 10Mpa, and temperature is 10 ℃ in water temperature and the storehouse, confined pressure storehouse (10); Every at a distance from 2 hours; Axial compression and confined pressure are promoted 5Mpa, the 5Mpa of acidulous water hydraulic pressure rising simultaneously, temperature raises 2 ℃ in water temperature and the storehouse, confined pressure storehouse (10); Rise to 55Mpa up to axial compression and confined pressure; Acidulous water hydraulic pressure also rises to 55Mpa, and temperature rises to 28 ℃ in water temperature and the storehouse, confined pressure storehouse (10), and keeps this state 2 hours; Meanwhile, utilize calcium ion detector real-time dynamic monitoring and the concentration M that writes down calcium ion in the tail water, unit: mg/L, and every interval was measured the TDS and the conductivity of tail water under the different condition in 15 minutes;
D, sample is taken out in confined pressure storehouse (10), and put into drying baker oven dry 24 hours, sweep off floating dust, weigh then, draw weight after the corrosion experiment and remember and make W
2, unit: mg;
E, utilize following formula to calculate,
Sample quality corrosion amount Δ W=W
1-W
2Unit: mg
Sample average quality erosion rate V=Δ W/20 unit: mg/h
Avg. area of sample erosion rate μ=Δ W/S unit: mg/cm
2
In conjunction with calcium ion concentration M curve over time, with 2 hours be the time interval, calculate the rate of change of calcium ion M under different confined pressures and the different temperatures.
6. pressure and temperature varying according to claim 5 quickens the dissolved corrosion test method; It is characterized in that: in the said steps d; Before sample put into drying baker, the sample that will in confined pressure storehouse (10), take out earlier place the airless environment 2 hours of 25 ℃ of temperature, make its surperficial water evaporates.
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