CN109341450B - Tunnel blasting structure and tunnel blasting construction method - Google Patents
Tunnel blasting structure and tunnel blasting construction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109341450B CN109341450B CN201811274309.4A CN201811274309A CN109341450B CN 109341450 B CN109341450 B CN 109341450B CN 201811274309 A CN201811274309 A CN 201811274309A CN 109341450 B CN109341450 B CN 109341450B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
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Abstract
The invention relates to a tunnel blasting structure, which is used for a tunnel of a hard rock area and a building and a structure close to the periphery of the tunnel, and comprises an upper step short footage section and a lower step short footage section, wherein the upper step short footage section and the lower step short footage section comprise an upper step and a lower step; the upper step comprises a cut hole area, a first auxiliary hole area and a first peripheral hole area, wherein the first auxiliary hole area is arranged around the periphery of the cut hole area, the first peripheral hole area is arranged on the periphery of the first auxiliary hole area, the cut hole area comprises nine cut holes, and the nine cut holes comprise five explosive holes and four empty holes; the lower step includes a second auxiliary hole region, a third auxiliary hole region, and a second peripheral hole region. The invention also provides a tunnel blasting construction method, step S10, blasting the slotted hole area; step S20, blasting the first auxiliary hole region; step S30, blasting the first peripheral hole region; step S40, blasting the second auxiliary hole region; step S50, blasting the third auxiliary hole area; step S60, blasting the second peripheral hole region. The impact of the inventive structure is minimized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel engineering blasting, in particular to a tunnel blasting structure and a tunnel blasting construction method.
Background
At present, tunnel excavation construction is inevitable without structures around an excavation line and wrinkling, and when a tunnel excavation rock stratum is good and structures around the tunnel excavation rock stratum exist, in order to ensure that the structures are not affected, static blasting, hydraulic blasting, presplitting blasting, electronic detonator blasting and other excavation with high cost and complicated construction can be selected as an excavation process method, so that tunnel excavation cost and risk control responsibility are greatly increased, and tunnel excavation still has huge risks.
The above disadvantages need to be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a tunnel blasting structure and a tunnel blasting construction method.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a tunnel blasting structure is used for a tunnel in a hard rock area and the periphery of the tunnel is close to a building and a structure and comprises an upper step short footage section and a lower step short footage section, wherein the upper step short footage section and the lower step short footage section comprise an upper step and a lower step;
the upper step comprises a cut hole area, a first auxiliary hole area and a first peripheral hole area, wherein the first auxiliary hole area is arranged around the periphery of the cut hole area, the first peripheral hole area is arranged on the periphery of the first auxiliary hole area, the cut hole area comprises nine cut holes, and the nine cut holes comprise five explosive holes for containing explosives and four empty holes for forming a free face;
the lower step comprises a second auxiliary hole area, third auxiliary hole areas arranged on two sides of the second auxiliary hole area, and a second peripheral hole area arranged on the outer side of the third auxiliary hole area.
Furthermore, the nine cut holes form a three-row and three-column square matrix, five cut holes positioned on diagonal lines of the square matrix are the explosive holes, and the other four cut holes are the empty holes.
Furthermore, the distance between every two adjacent cut holes is 0.09-0.1 m.
Further, the first auxiliary hole region comprises a plurality of first auxiliary holes, and the distance between every two adjacent first auxiliary holes is 0.5 m.
Further, the first peripheral hole area comprises a plurality of first peripheral holes, and the distance between every two adjacent first peripheral holes is 0.45-0.55 m.
Furthermore, the second auxiliary hole area is provided with a plurality of second auxiliary holes, and the distance between every two adjacent second auxiliary holes is 0.5-0.55 m.
Furthermore, the third auxiliary hole area is provided with a plurality of third auxiliary holes, and the distance between every two adjacent third auxiliary holes is 0.5-0.55 m.
Furthermore, the second peripheral hole area is provided with a plurality of second peripheral holes, and the distance between every two adjacent second peripheral holes is 0.5-0.55 m.
Furthermore, the hole depths of the cut hole, the first auxiliary hole of the first auxiliary hole area, the first peripheral hole of the first peripheral hole area, the second auxiliary hole of the second auxiliary hole area, the third auxiliary hole of the third auxiliary hole area, and the second peripheral hole of the second peripheral hole area are all 0.8m to 1.0m, and the hole diameter is 0.04 m.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a tunnel blasting construction method, comprising:
step S10, blasting the slotted hole region, specifically: the cut hole area comprises nine cut holes, wherein four cut holes are hollow holes to form a face, the other five cut holes are explosive holes, explosive is filled in the explosive holes and tightly blocked, and the five explosive holes are simultaneously detonated;
step S20, blasting the first auxiliary hole area, specifically: the first auxiliary hole area comprises a plurality of first auxiliary holes which are detonated simultaneously;
step S30, blasting the first peripheral hole region, specifically: a plurality of first peripheral holes included in the first peripheral hole region are detonated simultaneously;
step S40, blasting the second auxiliary hole area, specifically: a plurality of second auxiliary holes in the second auxiliary hole area are detonated simultaneously, and a blank face is formed after blasting of the second auxiliary hole area is finished;
step S50, blasting the third auxiliary hole area, specifically: a plurality of second auxiliary holes included in the third auxiliary hole area are simultaneously detonated;
step S60, blasting the second peripheral hole region, specifically: the second peripheral aperture zone includes a plurality of second peripheral apertures that are detonated simultaneously.
The invention according to the scheme has the advantages that: the invention is divided into a plurality of areas to be respectively detonated, the influence on nearby structures is reduced to the minimum, tunnel excavation face undercutting blasting can be carried out, the vibration frequency is controlled within 1.2, and therefore, an empty face is formed, and a foundation is laid for subsequent low-frequency expanding excavation; by adopting the blasting structure, the use of explosives can be reduced, and the field control is more convenient; the hole circulating distribution mode is the same, so that the working efficiency of operators can be gradually improved, the construction period is shortened, and the cost is reduced; the method can be used for excavating the cross section of the tunnel around any hard rock and structure, and has the advantages of small limitation and simple operation; the method has the advantages of easy operation, small construction difficulty, less used equipment and low production cost, and can achieve the expected excavation effect with minimum investment.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed for the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure position relationship of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the blasting structure of the tunnel of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the undercut hole region of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the blasting of the first auxiliary hole region according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the first peripheral hole area blasting configuration of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the blasting of the second and third auxiliary hole regions according to the present invention;
fig. 7 is a structural schematic diagram of a tunnel blasting construction method of the present invention.
Wherein, in the figures, the various reference numbers:
1-a structure; 2-upper and lower step short ruler-feeding section;
21-upper step; 22-lower step;
211-cutting hole area; 212-first auxiliary hole area; 213-first perimeter hole area;
2111-cutting holes; 21111-explosive wells; 21112-hollow;
2121-first auxiliary hole;
2131-first peripheral hole;
221-a second auxiliary hole region; 222-a third auxiliary hole area; 223-a second perimeter aperture region;
2211-second auxiliary hole; 2221-third auxiliary hole; 2231-a second perimeter aperture.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" or "disposed on" another element, it can be directly or indirectly secured to the other element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly or indirectly connected to the other element. The terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "back", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positions based on the orientations or positions shown in the drawings, and are for convenience of description only and not to be construed as limiting the technical solution. The terms "first", "second" and "first" are used merely for descriptive purposes and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features. The meaning of "plurality" is two or more unless specifically limited otherwise.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, a tunnel blasting structure for a tunnel in a hard rock area and adjacent to a building or a structure 1 at the periphery thereof includes an upper and lower step short footage section 2, and the upper and lower step short footage section 2 includes an upper step 21 and a lower step 22;
the upper step 21 includes a slotted hole region 211, a first auxiliary hole region 212 disposed around the periphery of the slotted hole region 211, and a first peripheral hole region 213 disposed around the periphery of the first auxiliary hole region, the slotted hole region 211 including nine slotted holes 2111, the nine slotted holes 2111 including five explosive holes 21111 for containing explosive, and four empty holes 21112 for forming a blank face;
the lower step 22 includes a second auxiliary hole region 221, third auxiliary hole regions 222 disposed at both sides of the second auxiliary hole region 221, and a second peripheral hole region 223 disposed outside the third auxiliary hole regions 222.
Referring to fig. 2 and fig. 3, preferably, nine slotted holes 2111 form a three-row and three-column square matrix, five slotted holes 2111 located on diagonal lines of the square matrix are explosive holes 21111, and the remaining four slotted holes 2111 are empty holes 21112.
Preferably, the distance between adjacent cut holes 2111 is 0.09m to 0.1 m.
Preferably, the cut holes 2111 have a depth of 0.8m to 1.0m and a diameter of 0.04 m.
In one embodiment, the five cut hole 2111 parameters are as shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
Referring to fig. 2 and 4, preferably, the first auxiliary hole region 212 includes a plurality of first auxiliary holes 2121, and a distance between adjacent first auxiliary holes 2121 is 0.5 m.
Preferably, the first auxiliary holes 2121 have a hole depth of 0.8m to 1.0m and a hole diameter of 0.04 m.
In one embodiment, the parameters of each first auxiliary hole 2121 are as shown in table 2:
TABLE 2
Referring to fig. 2 and fig. 5, preferably, the first peripheral hole region 213 includes a plurality of first peripheral holes 2131, and a distance between adjacent first peripheral holes 2131 is 0.45-0.55 m.
Preferably, the first peripheral holes 2131 have a hole depth of 0.8 to 1.0m and a hole diameter of 0.04 m.
In one embodiment, the parameters of each first perimeter hole 2131 are as shown in table 3:
TABLE 3
Referring to fig. 2 and fig. 6, preferably, the second auxiliary hole area 221 includes a plurality of second auxiliary holes 2211, and a distance between adjacent second auxiliary holes 2211 is 0.5 to 0.55 m.
Preferably, the third auxiliary hole area 222 includes a plurality of third auxiliary holes 2221, and a distance between adjacent third auxiliary holes 2221 is 0.5 to 0.55 m.
Preferably, the second peripheral hole area 223 has a plurality of second peripheral holes 2231, and the distance between adjacent second peripheral holes 2231 is 0.5-0.55 m
Preferably, the second auxiliary hole 2211, the third auxiliary hole 2221 and the second peripheral hole 2231 have a hole depth of 0.8m to 1.0m and a hole diameter of 0.04 m.
In one embodiment, the parameters of each of the second auxiliary aperture 2211, the third auxiliary aperture 2221 and the second peripheral aperture 2231 are shown in table 4:
TABLE 4
Referring to fig. 1 to 7, another object of the present invention is to provide a tunnel blasting method using a tunnel blasting structure, including:
in step S10, blasting the cut hole region 211, specifically: the slotted hole region 211 comprises nine slotted holes 2111, wherein four slotted holes 2111 are empty holes 21112 to form a face to empty, the other five slotted holes 2111 are explosive holes 21111 filled with explosive and tightly sealed, and five explosive holes 21111 are simultaneously detonated;
step S20, blasting the first auxiliary hole area 212, specifically: the plurality of first auxiliary holes 2121 included in the first auxiliary hole region 212 are simultaneously detonated;
step S30, blasting the first peripheral hole region 213, specifically: the plurality of first peripheral holes 2131 included in the first peripheral hole region 213 are detonated simultaneously;
step S40, blasting the second auxiliary hole area 221, specifically: a plurality of second auxiliary holes 2211 included in the second auxiliary hole region 221 are detonated simultaneously, and a blank face is formed after blasting of the second auxiliary hole region 221 is finished;
step S50, blasting the third auxiliary hole area 222, specifically: the plurality of second auxiliary holes 22221 included in the third auxiliary hole area 222 are simultaneously initiated;
step S60, blasting the second peripheral hole area 223, specifically: the second peripheral aperture region 223 includes a plurality of second peripheral apertures 2231 that are initiated simultaneously.
The tunnel blasting structure and the tunnel blasting construction method provided by the invention have the beneficial effects that: the invention is divided into a plurality of areas to be respectively detonated, the influence on nearby structures is reduced to the minimum, tunnel excavation face undercutting blasting can be carried out, the vibration frequency is controlled within 1.2, and therefore, an empty face is formed, and a foundation is laid for subsequent low-frequency expanding excavation; by adopting the blasting structure, the use of explosives can be reduced, and the field control is more convenient; the hole circulating distribution mode is the same, so that the working efficiency of operators can be gradually improved, the construction period is shortened, and the cost is reduced; the method can be used for excavating the cross section of the tunnel around any hard rock and structure, and has the advantages of small limitation and simple operation; the invention has the advantages of easy operation, small construction difficulty, less used equipment and low production cost, and can achieve the expected excavation effect with minimum investment.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A tunnel blasting structure which characterized in that: the blasting structure is used for a tunnel in a hard rock area and adjacent to a building and a structure at the periphery, and comprises an upper step short footage section and a lower step short footage section, wherein the upper step short footage section and the lower step short footage section comprise an upper step and a lower step;
the upper step comprises a cut hole area, a first auxiliary hole area and a first peripheral hole area, wherein the first auxiliary hole area is arranged on the periphery of the cut hole area in a surrounding mode, the first peripheral hole area is arranged on the periphery of the first auxiliary hole area, the cut hole area comprises nine cut holes, the nine cut holes comprise five explosive holes used for containing explosives and four empty holes used for forming a free face, the nine cut holes form a square matrix with three rows and three columns, the five cut holes located on the diagonal line of the square matrix are the explosive holes, and the other four cut holes are the empty holes;
the lower step comprises a second auxiliary hole area, third auxiliary hole areas arranged on two sides of the second auxiliary hole area and a second peripheral hole area arranged on the outer side of the third auxiliary hole area, the second auxiliary hole area comprises a plurality of second auxiliary holes, the third auxiliary hole area comprises a plurality of third auxiliary holes, and the second peripheral hole area comprises a plurality of second peripheral holes;
the tunnel blasting construction method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S10, blasting the slotted hole region, specifically: the cut hole area comprises nine cut holes, wherein four cut holes are hollow holes to form a face, the other five cut holes are explosive holes, explosive is filled in the explosive holes and tightly blocked, and the five explosive holes are simultaneously detonated;
step S20, blasting the first auxiliary hole area, specifically: the first auxiliary hole area comprises a plurality of first auxiliary holes which are detonated simultaneously;
step S30, blasting the first peripheral hole region, specifically: a plurality of first peripheral holes included in the first peripheral hole region are detonated simultaneously;
step S40, blasting the second auxiliary hole area, specifically: a plurality of second auxiliary holes in the second auxiliary hole area are detonated simultaneously, and a blank face is formed after blasting of the second auxiliary hole area is finished;
step S50, blasting the third auxiliary hole area, specifically: a plurality of second auxiliary holes included in the third auxiliary hole area are simultaneously detonated;
step S60, blasting the second peripheral hole region, specifically: the second peripheral aperture region includes a plurality of second peripheral apertures that are detonated simultaneously.
2. The tunnel blasting structure of claim 1, wherein: the distance between every two adjacent cut holes is 0.09-0.1 m.
3. The tunnel blasting structure of claim 1, wherein: the first auxiliary hole area comprises a plurality of first auxiliary holes, and the distance between every two adjacent first auxiliary holes is 0.5 m.
4. A tunnel blasting structure as defined in claim 1, wherein: the first peripheral hole region comprises a plurality of first peripheral holes, and the distance between every two adjacent first peripheral holes is 0.45-0.55 m.
5. A tunnel blasting structure as defined in claim 1, wherein: the distance between the adjacent second auxiliary holes is 0.5-0.55 m.
6. The tunnel blasting structure of claim 1, wherein: the distance between the adjacent third auxiliary holes is 0.5-0.55 m.
7. The tunnel blasting structure of claim 1, wherein: the distance between the adjacent second peripheral holes is 0.5-0.55 m.
8. A tunnel blasting structure as defined in claim 1, wherein: the hole depths of the cut hole, the first auxiliary hole of the first auxiliary hole area, the first peripheral hole of the first peripheral hole area, the second auxiliary hole of the second auxiliary hole area, the third auxiliary hole of the third auxiliary hole area and the second peripheral hole of the second peripheral hole area are all 0.8-1.0 m, and the hole diameter is 0.04 m.
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| CN109341450B true CN109341450B (en) | 2022-06-21 |
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Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109813189B (en) * | 2019-03-01 | 2021-03-30 | 中铁十八局集团有限公司 | Hard rock tunnel blasting excavation method |
| CN110454172B (en) * | 2019-09-02 | 2020-10-09 | 中铁二十一局集团第五工程有限公司 | Tunnel cross tunnel and main tunnel intersection construction method and bench blasting method |
| CN110879026B (en) * | 2019-12-04 | 2021-05-28 | 四川大学 | Excavation and cut blasting method suitable for high-plasticity low-strength rock tunnel |
| CN112302673B (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2021-10-26 | 何满潮 | Method for tunneling roadway by using instantaneous bursting device |
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Address after: 518101 1008, 10th floor, building 8, 41 District, Xin'an street, Bao'an District, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province (Huafeng Xin'an youth entrepreneurship base) Patentee after: POWERCHINA SOUTH CONSTRUCTION INVESTMENT Co.,Ltd. Patentee after: China Power Construction Railway Construction Investment Group Co.,Ltd. Patentee after: SINOHYDRO BUREAU 7 Co.,Ltd. Address before: 518101 1008, 10th floor, building 8, 41 District, Xin'an street, Bao'an District, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province (Huafeng Xin'an youth entrepreneurship base) Patentee before: POWERCHINA SOUTH CONSTRUCTION INVESTMENT Co.,Ltd. Patentee before: POWERCHINA RAILWAY CONSTRUCTION Co.,Ltd. Patentee before: SINOHYDRO BUREAU 7 Co.,Ltd. |