CN109302863A - A method of reducing the soil erosion of hillside fields tobacco field - Google Patents
A method of reducing the soil erosion of hillside fields tobacco field Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109302863A CN109302863A CN201710618868.1A CN201710618868A CN109302863A CN 109302863 A CN109302863 A CN 109302863A CN 201710618868 A CN201710618868 A CN 201710618868A CN 109302863 A CN109302863 A CN 109302863A
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- Prior art keywords
- tobacco
- hillside fields
- soil erosion
- clover
- ridge
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Links
- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000004162 soil erosion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 241000219793 Trifolium Species 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 240000004658 Medicago sativa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 235000010624 Medicago sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002362 mulch Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002786 root growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of methods for reducing the soil erosion of hillside fields tobacco field, belong to tobacco planting technical field.The method of the reduction hillside fields tobacco field soil erosion includes the following steps: 1) the contour extending direction ridging along hillside fields, overlay film on ridge；2) clover is sowed in furrow, pushes up plantation tobacco on ridge；3) after tobacco harvest, clover in furrow is turned over into returning to the field.The method of reduction hillside fields tobacco field soil erosion of the invention is substantially reduced soil erosion, and the overlay film on ridge by the way of lateral ridging, and the Planting Medicago sativa in furrow realizes the Film and straw mulching of mulch, clover, further enhances the fixing effect to water and soil.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of methods for reducing the soil erosion of hillside fields tobacco field, belong to tobacco planting technical field.
Background technique
Tobacco is important the important sources of industrial crops and national economy.Requirement due to tobacco planting to weather
Higher, China is suitble to many areas for planting tobacco to be in mountainous region and hilly country, and mountainous region cigarette becomes China's leaf tobacco production
In important one of type, be cigarette industry important source material source.
During tobacco planting, due to the methods of cultivation devoted exclusive attention to output for a long time with quality for target, keep tobacco leaf raw
Production is excessively frequent to soil operation, and when rainfall is larger, soil erosion amount increases, and increases environmental risk, causes under soil fertility
Drop, in unusual weather conditions situation, gradient larger area also will increase the risk of mudstone mud.How mountainous region tobacco field water and soil stream is reduced
It loses, preservation of fertility is increasingly valued by people.
In the prior art, the technologies such as no-tillage, ridging, covering can reduce mountainous region tobacco field soil erosion to a certain extent,
It is applied in cigarette districts such as the Henan, Guizhou, Sichuan in China, but the effect that these technologies reduce the soil erosion of hillside fields tobacco field is non-
It is often limited.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of effective reduction hillside fields tobacco field soil erosions of reduction soil erosion
Method.
To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the method for reduction hillside fields tobacco field soil erosion of the invention is:
A method of the soil erosion of hillside fields tobacco field is reduced, is included the following steps:
1) along the contour extending direction ridging in hillside fields, overlay film is pushed up on ridge；
2) clover is sowed in furrow, pushes up plantation tobacco on ridge；
3) after tobacco harvest, clover in furrow is turned over into returning to the field.
The method of reduction hillside fields tobacco field soil erosion of the invention, the contour along hillside fields carry out lateral ridging, slow down water
It shunts and loses, promote lower infiltration of the rainwater into soil.The mulch of covering can reduce part evaporation, have water retention.In furrow
Planting Medicago sativa holds soil using clover root system, reduces soil losses；Mu root nodule symbiotic nitrogen fixation increases tobacco field nitrogen；Tobacco is raw
The hot stage in long later period, clover covering ground film surface, advantageously reduces ground temperature, delays tobacco leaf caused by heating because of covering with ground sheeting early
It declines；Clover returning to the field after tobacco harvest, can increase tobacco field organic matter, culture fertility.
After clover is turned over returning to the field, the furrow position that next year selectes 1 year is ridging position, repeats step 1) to 3).It is next
Year ridge, ditch alternate ridging, are conducive to alleviate Continuous Tobacco Cropping obstacle.
Band application is carried out along contour extending direction in the position of predetermined ridging before ridging in step 1).The position of fertilising
It is selected in scheduled ridging position, in this way after ridging, the soil that chemical fertilizer can be dug by ridging is buried in alley, so that changing
Fertilizer is placed exactly at the root growth of tobacco, is conducive to being absorbed and utilized for tobacco.The mode of fertilising is preferably row replacement.
After overlay film, clover is sowed when earth's surface 5cm depths ground temperature is 5 DEG C or more.Clover is sowed at this temperature, is conducive to lucerne
Mu emergence and robust seedling.
Clover sowing is on the bottom of ridge in step 2).Clover is sowed on the bottom of ridge, and ridge subsoil earth can be held, and reduces water and soil stream
It loses, when also helping the later period and turning over returning to the field, clover is covered in placing into the soil, be conducive to culture fertility.The sowing of clover can use
Uniform broadcasting, can also be using by row sowing.In general, sowing 3-5 row clover in furrow.
In step 1) after ridging, gutter is built at the both ends on ridge, the extending direction in gutter and the extending direction on ridge hang down
Directly.In general rainfall, the drainage of furrow can meet needs, but when rainfall intensity is larger, in order to avoid
Rainwater collecting causes the erosion damage to ridge, and gutter can accelerate drainage speed, and a large amount of rainwater is discharged in time.
When sowing clover in furrow, while clover is sowed in gutter.Clover is sowed in gutter can guarantee to arrange
Water and soil in ditch is fixed, and gutter is avoided to be damaged in draining by rain drop erosion.
The gradient in hillside fields is the common gradient, in general, the gradient that method of the invention is more suitable for hillside fields is 5-10 °
Situation.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: side of the method for reduction hillside fields tobacco field soil erosion of the invention using lateral ridging
Formula is substantially reduced soil erosion, and pushes up overlay film on ridge, and the Planting Medicago sativa in furrow realizes the Film and straw mulching of mulch, clover,
Further enhance the fixing effect to water and soil.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the tobacco field structural schematic diagram that the method for hillside fields tobacco field soil erosion is reduced in embodiment 1.
Specific embodiment
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be further explained below.
The local fine quality promoted of tobacco bred selection in following example, clover selection nitrogen fixing capacity is strong, crawls
Kind more than type, branch is conducive to increase soil nitrogen, covering ground film surface, reduces ground temperature.Tobacco, the plantation of clover, field
Management and harvest are routine techniques.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1, the method for the reduction hillside fields tobacco field soil erosion of the present embodiment includes the following steps:
1) before ridging, along hillside fields contour extending direction Cross slat to fertilize, form the fertile band of strip, dose root
It is selected according to local Tobacco nutrient situation and conventional dosage；The gradient in the hillside fields of the present embodiment is 7.3 °；
2) small ridging laminating machine, the contour extending direction ridging along hillside fields, covering film 1 on ridge, it is ensured that apply are used
The chemical fertilizer spread is exactly in the lower section on ridge；Spacing between two adjacent ridges is 110cm, which refers to the ridge of an alley
It pushes up middle line and pushes up the distance between middle line to another adjacent alley ridge；The a height of 25cm in ridge, ridge bottom width 60cm, ridge top width are
30cm；Furrow bottom width is 50cm；
3) after the completion of all ridges, gutter is built at the both ends in hillside fields, the extending direction on gutter and ridge hangs down substantially
Directly, the furrow both ends on each ridge are connected, it is ensured that when rainfall intensity is excessive, can in time arrange the water in furrow in time
Out；
4) when the ground temperature of 5cm under earth's surface is stablized at 5 DEG C or more, clover is sowed at the ridge bottom in furrow, while draining
Clover 2 is also sowed on the bottom of trench of ditch and ditch slope；Clover in furrow, every furrow sow 3 rows, and the clover in gutter is uniformly spread
It broadcasts；Plantation tobacco 1 is pushed up on ridge；
5) after tobacco harvest after, by furrow and gutter in clover returning to the field, turn over, culture fertility；
6) second year Jiang Long, ditch rotation select position of 1 year furrow position as ridging, select 1 year
Position of the position on ridge as furrow repeats previous step 1) -5) the step of, and so on, afterwards per every year by furrow
Position carries out rotation.
Embodiment 2
The gradient in the hillside fields of the present embodiment is 10 °, other identical as in embodiment 1.
Test example
It was tested in 2015 in Guizhou Province Bijie forests and streams Technology Park using the method in above-described embodiment, while at it
Under the identical environment of his condition by the way of longitudinal ridging as a comparison case, it while being tested in the hillside fields of 7.3 ° and 10 °.
Test result is as shown in table 1.
Mountainous region tobacco field soil erosion amount in 1 embodiment of table and comparative example
Test result shows that within tobacco growing season, the method for lateral ridging of the invention rises than the longitudinal direction of comparative example
The method water loss on ridge reduces 121.8% (7.3 ° of the gradient) and 90.2% (10 ° of the gradient), and soil loss amount reduces
84.0% (7.3 ° of the gradient) and 78.8% (10 ° of the gradient), lateral ridging significantly reduce the water of hillside fields tobacco field, soil flow vector, tool
There is good soil and water conservation effect.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of method for reducing the soil erosion of hillside fields tobacco field, which comprises the steps of:
1) overlay film along the contour extending direction ridging in hillside fields, ridge；
2) clover is sowed in furrow, pushes up plantation tobacco on ridge；
3) after tobacco harvest, clover in furrow is turned over into returning to the field.
2. the method according to claim 1 for reducing the soil erosion of hillside fields tobacco field, it is characterised in that: clover is turned over returning to the field
Afterwards, it is ridging position that next year, which selectes 1 year furrow position, repeats step 1) to 3).
3. the method according to claim 1 for reducing the soil erosion of hillside fields tobacco field, it is characterised in that: in step 1) before ridging
Band application is carried out along contour extending direction in the position of predetermined ridging.
4. the method according to claim 1 for reducing the soil erosion of hillside fields tobacco field, it is characterised in that: clover is broadcast in step 2)
Kind is at ridge bottom.
5. the method according to claim 1 for reducing the soil erosion of hillside fields tobacco field, it is characterised in that: ridging in step 1)
Afterwards, gutter is built at the both ends on ridge, the extending direction in gutter and the extending direction on ridge are vertical.
6. the method according to claim 5 for reducing the soil erosion of hillside fields tobacco field, it is characterised in that: sow lucerne in furrow
When Mu, while clover is sowed in gutter.
7. the method for hillside fields tobacco field soil erosion is reduced described in -6 any one according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
The gradient in hillside fields is 5-10 °.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710618868.1A CN109302863A (en) | 2017-07-26 | 2017-07-26 | A method of reducing the soil erosion of hillside fields tobacco field |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710618868.1A CN109302863A (en) | 2017-07-26 | 2017-07-26 | A method of reducing the soil erosion of hillside fields tobacco field |
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| CN109302863A true CN109302863A (en) | 2019-02-05 |
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| CN201710618868.1A Pending CN109302863A (en) | 2017-07-26 | 2017-07-26 | A method of reducing the soil erosion of hillside fields tobacco field |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110249883A (en) * | 2019-06-14 | 2019-09-20 | 吉林省长白工坊科贸有限公司 | A method of it transplanting more season roses and reduces Topographic factor |
| CN113854024A (en) * | 2021-09-18 | 2021-12-31 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Method for planting cover plants in four-season rose garden on sloping field |
| CN114467402A (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2022-05-13 | 中国农业科学院草原研究所 | Method for improving cultivation characteristics of alfalfa and/or improving soil |
| CN115336515A (en) * | 2022-08-12 | 2022-11-15 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Method for cultivating soybean cover crops for northeast slope farmland vegetables |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110249883A (en) * | 2019-06-14 | 2019-09-20 | 吉林省长白工坊科贸有限公司 | A method of it transplanting more season roses and reduces Topographic factor |
| CN113854024A (en) * | 2021-09-18 | 2021-12-31 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Method for planting cover plants in four-season rose garden on sloping field |
| CN114467402A (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2022-05-13 | 中国农业科学院草原研究所 | Method for improving cultivation characteristics of alfalfa and/or improving soil |
| CN115336515A (en) * | 2022-08-12 | 2022-11-15 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Method for cultivating soybean cover crops for northeast slope farmland vegetables |
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