CN107258440A - Around fruit tree, alternately trench digging collected manure collects method for root to apple orchard green manuring - Google Patents
Around fruit tree, alternately trench digging collected manure collects method for root to apple orchard green manuring Download PDFInfo
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- CN107258440A CN107258440A CN201710509722.3A CN201710509722A CN107258440A CN 107258440 A CN107258440 A CN 107258440A CN 201710509722 A CN201710509722 A CN 201710509722A CN 107258440 A CN107258440 A CN 107258440A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
Apple orchard green manuring alternately ditches to collect manure around fruit tree collects method for root, and this method is centered on apple tree trunk, alternately to ditch and collect manure around apple tree, square collected manure ditch or hexagon collected manure ditch of the formation around apple tree.The inventive method utilization rate of fertilizer is high and balanced, is conducive to apple tree root system uniform growth, can promote the uniform growth of fruit tree, improve apple quality harmony, and does not result in water soil nutrient loss.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to apple cultivation technical field of fertilizer application.
Background technology
With the continuous expansion and the continuous improvement of plantation level of cultivated area of the apple, the kind of apple is continued to optimize, apple
Fruit matter is also constantly lifted.Current apple cultivation, the technology in terms of pruning, shaping, cultivation is very ripe, but in field
Shortcomings are gone back in management, " diazonium, phosphate fertilizer, light organic fertilizer, potash fertilizer and micro- fertilizer " are mainly manifested in, nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio is unreasonable,
Cause soil hardening, poor air permeability, have a strong impact on apple production and quality.Want the yield and quality of raising apple, walk to continue
Development, it is necessary to adjust fertilization structure, takes scientific and reasonable fertilizing method.Existing fertilizing method is mainly nonetheless focused upon
The rational fertilizer of selection component, fertilizer efficiency, using suitable base fertilizer, means of rationally topdressing etc..Some areas are used in orchard on the spot
The method for collected manure of ditching, ditching-fertilizing has two ways, and the first is in the ranks to open continuous straight flute, ditch length and apple in apple tree
Tree planting row length is basically identical, and, ditch is not banketed for a long time, and the green manure cut off is filled out in apple tree surrounding kind green manure, ditch to fertilize
Enter in ditch, fill and lead up ditch naturally after inserting green manure for many years, apple tree is in growth course, and root system gradually extends to ditch, draws
Fertilizer nutrient in ditch.This mode is conducive to the absorption of fruit tree improvement of soil fertility in the ranks, root growth and fertilizer, but is unfavorable for
Improvement of soil fertility, root growth and fertilizer between fruit tree spacing in the rows are absorbed, after long-term accumulated, it may appear that fruit tree root grows not
Equilibrium, causes fruit tree to send out the unbalanced of branch, the growth of branch and result, influences the equilibrium of apple quality.More disadvantageously, even
Continuous straight flute can form ponding ditch, form serious waterlogging in rainy season, and ponding overlong time can rot tree root, be unfavorable for fruit on the contrary
The normal growth of tree, the particularly water in hillside fields, ditch are constantly washed away to lower flowing, and the loss of water and soil fertilizer is caused on the contrary, because
This has to set drainage system in addition.The second way opens shallow ridges fertilising in fruit tree surrounding, and the general cm of ditch depth 10 is spread
Upper chemical fertilizer fills upper water, returns soil after water is dry and fills and leads up, this mode substantially not organic fertilizer, is unfavorable for improvement of soil fertility and root system life
It is long, after fertilizer is mixed with soil in addition, there are some nutrients by soil fixing, utilization rate of fertilizer reduction.
The content of the invention
It is balanced there is provided a kind of utilization rate of fertilizer height present invention aim to address above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, favorably
In apple tree root system uniform growth, the uniform growth of fruit tree can be promoted, apple quality harmony is improved, and do not result in water
Around fruit tree, alternately trench digging collected manure collects method for root to the apple orchard green manuring of soil nutrient loss.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：
Apple orchard green manuring around fruit tree alternately trench digging collected manure collection method for root, this method be using apple tree trunk in
The heart, around apple tree, alternately trench digging is collected manure, and forms square collected manure ditch or hexagon the collected manure ditch around apple tree；
The forming method of the square collected manure ditch is that First Year first excavates interrupted collected manure in the ranks in the middle of the row of apple tree
Ditch, each section in the ranks collect manure ditch length direction midpoint just to trunk, the soil dug out of ditching uniformly is deposited in apple tree surrounding,
Again in the grown on soil green manure of stacking, start to collect manure and topdressed year after year in collected manure ditch in the ranks afterwards, collected manure process is first to exist
In the ranks poured water in collected manure ditch, moisture again applies chemical fertilizer in collected manure ditch in the ranks after being fully absorbed by soil, then by the green of harvesting
Fertilizer is put into collected manure ditch in the ranks, is become thoroughly decomposed with farm manure covering, and ditch of in the ranks collecting manure does not banket, and all topdresses every year later, topdressing method
It is first to apply chemical fertilizer in collected manure ditch in the ranks, then the green manure of harvesting or other crop materials is put into collected manure ditch in the ranks, used
Farm manure is covered；So circulation is collected manure, and the ditch that gradually will in the ranks collect manure is filled up；Since the 3rd year or the 4th year, in apple tree
Ditch of collecting manure between interrupted strain is excavated between strain, the trench digging for ditch of being collected manure between strain and follow-up green manuring, collect manure and topdress process with
In the ranks collected manure ditch is identical；Since the 3rd year or the 4th year after ditch of being collected manure between strain is excavated, to the collected manure ditch in the ranks filled up
Re-start excavation, start new round collected manure and topdress, afterwards the 3rd year or the 4th year the strain filled up again collecting manure
Ditch re-starts excavation, starts new round collected manure and topdresses, so alternately reciprocal, forms the side of the continuous collected manure around apple tree
Shape collected manure ditch；
The forming method of the hexagon collected manure ditch is that centered on apple tree trunk, hexagon is drawn around apple tree
Collected manure ditch sideline, First Year excavates three spaced gutters of hexagon collected manure ditch as first run collected manure ditch, the soil dug out of ditching
Earth is uniformly deposited in apple tree surrounding, then in the grown on soil green manure of stacking, starts to accumulate year after year in first run collected manure ditch afterwards
Fertilizer, collected manure process is first to be poured water in first run collected manure ditch, and moisture again applies chemical fertilizer in first run collected manure ditch after being fully absorbed by soil
It is interior, then the green manure of harvesting is put into first run collected manure ditch, become thoroughly decomposed with farm manure covering, first run collected manure ditch does not banket, later every
Year all topdresses, and topdressing method is first to apply chemical fertilizer to collect manure in ditch in the first run, then puts the green manure of harvesting or other crop materials
Enter in first run collected manure ditch, covered with farm manure；So circulation is topdressed, and gradually fills up first run collected manure ditch；From the 3rd year or the 4th
Year starts, and excavates the other three spaced gutters of hexagon collected manure ditch as the second wheel collected manure ditch, the second wheel collected manure ditch
Trench digging and follow-up green manuring, collect manure and topdress process and the first run ditch of collecting manure are identical；The 3rd after first run collected manure ditch excavation
Year starts on the 4th year, re-starts excavation to the first run collected manure ditch filled up, starts new round collected manure and topdress, afterwards
Excavation is re-started to the second wheel collected manure ditch filled up again within 3rd year or the 4th year, start new round collected manure and topdress；Such as
This alternating is reciprocal, forms the hexagon collected manure ditch of the continuous collected manure around apple tree.
The length of each section collected manure ditch of square collected manure ditch of the present invention is 1.5-2.5 meters, 0.4-0.6 meters of width, depth
0.5-0.6 meters of degree；The length of each section collected manure ditch of the hexagon collected manure ditch is 1-1.5 meters, 0.4-0.6 meters of width, depth
0.5-0.6 meters.
Advantages of the present invention is as follows：
(1) present invention is centered on apple tree trunk, and around apple tree, alternately trench digging is collected manure, and forms the product around apple tree
Fertile ditch, can form the area that collects manure in a balanced way for each apple tree, be conducive to apple tree root system to periphery uniform growth, promote
Enter the uniform growth of fruit tree, improve apple quality harmonious；
(2) alternately ditched around apple tree, can be formed and continue fertilizer system in a balanced way, it is to avoid the unbalanced influence apple of fertilizer
The healthy growth of fruit tree；
(3) collected manure ditch forms the water conservation of autonomous closure, soil conservation, fertilizer conservation system one by one around each apple tree, it is to avoid
Fertilizer and moisture Relatively centralized in water, soil, the loss of fertilizer, collected manure ditch, in the suitable scope of nutrient and moisture are conducive to root
The growth of system, makes feeding root more and more intensive, is conducive to absorbing for fertilizer, and utilization rate of fertilizer is high and balanced；Ditch collect manure also
Have the effect for collecting rainwater concurrently, the waste of water resource can be reduced；Prior art is avoided simultaneously using continuous strip collected manure ditch
Caused easy formation waterlogging and the drawbacks of scour the ditch；
(4) be conducive to improving the permeability of fruit tree surrounding soil around fruit tree trench digging, promote fruit tree root growth and development；
(5) in orchard planting green manure, green manure root has nitrogen fixation, and every mu of green manure can produce 1500-2500 kilograms of fresh grass, harvesting
After be put into collected manure ditch improved soil, through 3 years implement the soil organism can improve 0.2-0.5%；
(6) after gradually being merged in green manure application ditch with soil, the soil weight, hole total amount and capillary pore increase are reduced,
Soil granular structure can be improved, soil fertilizer, water retention property are remarkably reinforced, fertilizer loss can be reduced, improve utilization rate of fertilizer.Root
Production data analysis is surveyed according to experiment and demonstration, utilization rate of fertilizer 5-6% can be improved, 8-10% can be increased production.
(7) collected manure ditch is not banketed, and man-hour 5-6 for excavating collected manure ditch can be saved every year.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is square collected manure ditch schematic diagram of the present invention around apple tree；
Fig. 2 is hexagon collected manure ditch schematic diagram of the present invention around apple tree.
Embodiment
Around fruit tree, alternately trench digging collected manure collects method for root to apple orchard green manuring, and the orchard more than 6 years is implemented, apple kind
General 4 meters of line-spacing is planted, 3 meters of spacing in the rows excavates collected manure ditch in the middle of apple row, mechanically or manually excavation collected manure ditch can be used.With apple
Set centered on trunk, alternately trench digging is collected manure around apple tree, form square collected manure ditch or hexagon the collected manure ditch around apple tree.
As shown in figure 1, the forming method of square collected manure ditch is that First Year first excavates interrupted in the middle of the row of apple tree 1
In the ranks collect manure ditch 2, the midpoint of each section in the ranks collected manure ditch length direction is just to trunk, and the soil dug out of ditching uniformly is deposited in apple
Fruit tree surrounding, then in the grown on soil green manure of stacking, green manure can also plant other green manure, light leaf based on Hairy vetch
3-4 kilograms of sowing quantity of every mu of Hairy Vetch.Start to collect manure and topdressed year after year in collected manure ditch in the ranks afterwards, collected manure process is first to be expert at
Between collected manure ditch in pour water, allow water slowly to permeate, apple specialing fertilizer is applied ditch of being collected manure in the ranks by moisture again after being fully absorbed by soil
It is interior.Apple specialing fertilizer can also be prepared voluntarily with purchased in market.While pouring water for the first time with fertilising, green manure is first close to blooming
Phase, this period is the preferably period of green manure harvesting, sprinkles after apple specialing fertilizer the green manure fresh grass of harvesting being immediately placed in collected manure ditch
In and it is steady and sure, one layer of farm manure can be affixed by green manure, allows green manure slowly to become thoroughly decomposed.All topdressed every year later, the side of topdressing
Method is first to apply apple specialing fertilizer in collected manure ditch in the ranks, and then the green manure of harvesting or other crop materials are put into and in the ranks collected manure
In ditch, covered with farm manure；So circulation is collected manure, and the ditch that gradually will in the ranks collect manure is filled up；If there is green manure grass all may be used when topdressing every time
So that green manure grass is applied in ditch, if no green manure grass is covered after special fertilizer is applied with other crop materials or farm manure, product
Fertile ditch does not banket.Since the 3rd year or the 4th year, ditch of collecting manure between interrupted strain is excavated between the strain of apple tree, is collected manure between strain
The trench digging of ditch and follow-up green manuring, collect manure and topdress process with the ranks collected manure ditch it is identical.After ditch of being collected manure between strain is excavated
Start within 3rd year or the 4th year, excavation is re-started to the ditch of collected manure in the ranks filled up, start new round collected manure and topdress, it
The 3rd year or the 4th year afterwards re-starts excavation to ditch of being collected manure the strain filled up again, starts new round collected manure and topdresses,
It is so alternately reciprocal, form the square collected manure ditch of the continuous collected manure around apple tree.
The ditch of in the ranks being collected manure between collected manure ditch and strain, the length of each section collected manure ditch is 1.5-2.5 meters, width 0.4-0.6
Rice, 0.5-0.6 meters of depth.Level land length can be with longer, and the big hillside fields of the gradient can be with shorter.In the ranks between collected manure ditch 2 and strain
The interval time that ditch 3 of collecting manure alternately is excavated is 2-3.Generally, in the orchard on level land, it is spaced 3 years and alternately excavates, i.e., from excavation row
Between starting for the 4th year after collected manure ditch excavate strain between collect manure ditch, excavate and excavate what is had been filled with again within the 4th year after collected manure ditch between strain
In the ranks collect manure ditch.Orchard in hillside fields, due to being influenceed by physical features, collected manure ditch is carried from function is filled out, and is easily filled, therefore typically
The 2 years alternatings in interval are excavated, i.e., collected manure between strain is excavated excavating the 3rd year after collected manure ditch in the ranks ditch, ditch of being collected manure between excavation strain
Again the collected manure ditch in the ranks having been filled with is excavated in the 3rd year afterwards.
As shown in Fig. 2 the forming method of the hexagon collected manure ditch is, centered on the trunk of apple tree 1, around apple
Tree draws hexagon collected manure ditch sideline, and First Year excavates three spaced gutters of hexagon collected manure ditch as first run collected manure ditch 4,
The soil dug out of ditching uniformly is deposited in apple tree surrounding, then in the grown on soil green manure of stacking.Start to accumulate in the first run afterwards
Collected manure year after year in fertile ditch, collected manure process is first to be poured water in first run collected manure ditch, and moisture is special by apple again after being fully absorbed by soil
Applied with fertilizer in first run collected manure ditch, then the green manure of harvesting is put into first run collected manure ditch, become thoroughly decomposed with farm manure covering, first run product
Fertile ditch does not banket, and all topdresses every year later, and topdressing method is first to apply apple specialing fertilizer to collect manure in ditch in the first run, then will harvesting
Green manure or other crop materials be put into the first run collected manure ditch in, covered with farm manure；So circulation is topdressed, and gradually the first run is collected manure
Ditch is filled up；Since the 3rd year or the 4th year, the other three spaced gutters of hexagon collected manure ditch were excavated as the second wheel
Collect manure ditch 5, the trench digging and follow-up green manuring of the second wheel collected manure ditch, collect manure and topdress process and the first run ditch of collecting manure are identical；From
Starting for the 3rd year or the 4th year after first run collected manure ditch excavation, re-starts excavation to the first run collected manure ditch filled up, starts
A new round is collected manure and topdressed, and the 3rd year or the 4th year afterwards re-starts excavation to the second wheel collected manure ditch filled up again,
Start new round collected manure and topdress；It is so alternately reciprocal, form the hexagon collected manure ditch of the continuous collected manure around apple tree.
The first run collect manure ditch and second wheel collected manure ditch in, it is each section collected manure ditch length for 1-1.5 meters, 0.4-0.6 meters of width,
0.5-0.6 meters of depth.The interval time that the first run collected manure wheel collected manure ditch 5 of ditch 4 and second is alternately excavated is 2-3.Generally, on level land
Orchard, be spaced 3 years alternately excavate, the orchard in hillside fields, be spaced 2 years alternately excavate.
Claims (2)
1. apple orchard green manuring is around fruit tree, alternately trench digging collected manure collects method for root, it is characterised in that this method is with apple tree
Centered on trunk, around apple tree, alternately trench digging is collected manure, and forms square collected manure ditch or hexagon the collected manure ditch around apple tree；
The forming method of the square collected manure ditch is that First Year first excavates interrupted collected manure ditch in the ranks in the middle of the row of apple tree,
Each midpoint for saving collected manure ditch length direction in the ranks is just to trunk, and the soil dug out of ditching uniformly is deposited in apple tree surrounding, then
In the grown on soil green manure of stacking, start to collect manure and topdressed year after year in collected manure ditch in the ranks afterwards, collected manure process is first to be expert at
Between collected manure ditch in pour water, moisture fully absorbed by soil after again by chemical fertilizer apply in the ranks collected manure ditch in, then by the green manure of harvesting
It is put into collected manure ditch in the ranks, is become thoroughly decomposed with farm manure covering, ditch of in the ranks collecting manure does not banket, and all topdresses every year later, topdressing method is
First chemical fertilizer is applied in collected manure ditch in the ranks, then the green manure of harvesting or other crop materials are put into collected manure ditch in the ranks, agriculture is used
Family's fertilizer covering；So circulation is collected manure, and the ditch that gradually will in the ranks collect manure is filled up；Since the 3rd year or the 4th year, in the strain of apple tree
Between excavate ditch of collecting manure between interrupted strain, the trench digging for ditch of being collected manure between strain and follow-up green manuring, collect manure and topdress process and row
Between collected manure ditch it is identical；Since the 3rd year or the 4th year after ditch of being collected manure between strain is excavated, to the ditch weight of collected manure in the ranks filled up
Newly excavated, start new round collected manure and topdress, afterwards the 3rd year or the 4th year again ditch of being collected manure the strain filled up
Excavation is re-started, a beginning new round is collected manure and topdressed, and so alternately reciprocal, formation surround the square of the continuous collected manure of apple tree
Collected manure ditch；
The forming method of the hexagon collected manure ditch is, centered on apple tree trunk, and hexagon collected manure is drawn around apple tree
Ditch sideline, First Year excavates three spaced gutters of hexagon collected manure ditch as first run collected manure ditch, and the soil dug out of ditching is equal
It is even to be deposited in apple tree surrounding, then in the grown on soil green manure of stacking, start to collect manure year after year in first run collected manure ditch afterwards, product
Fertile process is first to be poured water in first run collected manure ditch, and chemical fertilizer is applied and collected manure in the first run in ditch by moisture again after being fully absorbed by soil, so
The green manure of harvesting is put into first run collected manure ditch afterwards, become thoroughly decomposed with farm manure covering, first run collected manure ditch does not banket, and all chases after every year later
Fertilizer, topdressing method is first to apply chemical fertilizer to collect manure in ditch in the first run, and the green manure of harvesting or other crop materials then are put into the first run
Collect manure in ditch, covered with farm manure；So circulation is topdressed, and gradually fills up first run collected manure ditch；Since the 3rd year or the 4th year,
The other three spaced gutters of hexagon collected manure ditch are excavated to collect manure ditch as the second wheel, the trench digging of the second wheel collected manure ditch and after
Continuous green manuring, collect manure and process of topdressing is identical with first run collected manure ditch；The 3rd year or the 4th after first run collected manure ditch excavation
Year start, excavations re-started to the first run collected manure ditch filled up, starts a new round and collects manure and topdress, afterwards the 3rd year or
Excavation is re-started to the second wheel collected manure ditch filled up again within 4th year, start new round collected manure and topdress；It is so alternately past
It is multiple, form the hexagon collected manure ditch of the continuous collected manure around apple tree.
2. apple orchard green manuring according to claim 1 is around fruit tree, alternately trench digging collected manure collects method for root, and its feature exists
In, it is described it is square collected manure ditch each section collected manure ditch length for 1.5-2.5 meters, 0.4-0.6 meters of width, 0.5-0.6 meters of depth；
The length of each section collected manure ditch of the hexagon collected manure ditch is 1-1.5 meters, 0.4-0.6 meters of width, 0.5-0.6 meters of depth.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710509722.3A CN107258440B (en) | 2017-06-28 | 2017-06-28 | Alternate ditching, fertilizer accumulation and root collection method for planting green manure in apple orchard around fruit trees |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710509722.3A CN107258440B (en) | 2017-06-28 | 2017-06-28 | Alternate ditching, fertilizer accumulation and root collection method for planting green manure in apple orchard around fruit trees |
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| CN107258440A true CN107258440A (en) | 2017-10-20 |
| CN107258440B CN107258440B (en) | 2020-04-21 |
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| CN115443848A (en) * | 2022-10-27 | 2022-12-09 | 上海科立特农科（集团）有限公司 | Orchard rebuilding by using raw soil and method for improving waterlogging resistance of orchard |
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| CN115443848A (en) * | 2022-10-27 | 2022-12-09 | 上海科立特农科（集团）有限公司 | Orchard rebuilding by using raw soil and method for improving waterlogging resistance of orchard |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN107258440B (en) | 2020-04-21 |
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