CN109261961B - Preparation method for preparing copper-based electric contact material based on 3D printing technology - Google Patents
Preparation method for preparing copper-based electric contact material based on 3D printing technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN109261961B CN109261961B CN201811213927.8A CN201811213927A CN109261961B CN 109261961 B CN109261961 B CN 109261961B CN 201811213927 A CN201811213927 A CN 201811213927A CN 109261961 B CN109261961 B CN 109261961B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
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- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/1003—Use of special medium during sintering, e.g. sintering aid
- B22F3/1007—Atmosphere
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
- C23C10/18—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions
- C23C10/20—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions only one element being diffused
- C23C10/22—Metal melt containing the element to be diffused
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H11/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches
- H01H11/04—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of electric switches of switch contacts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/32—Process control of the atmosphere, e.g. composition or pressure in a building chamber
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method for preparing a copper-based electric contact material based on a 3D printing technology, which comprises the following steps: (1) establishing a three-dimensional framework model of Cr, and performing 3D printing and forming; (2) placing a soft magnetic phase core structure in the Cr three-dimensional framework obtained in the step (1); and (3) infiltrating the high-conductivity phase Cu into the framework obtained in the step (2). The copper-based electric contact material has ordered magnetic field microstructure units, can generate a larger magnetic field on the surface to drive arc spots to move, and improves the breaking current capacity and the voltage breakdown resistance capacity of the material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of copper-based composite contact materials, in particular to a preparation method for preparing a copper-based electric contact material based on a 3D printing technology.
Background
At present, CuCr alloy series vacuum contact materials are widely adopted in medium and high voltage vacuum switches at home and abroad, wherein Cu is used as a conductive matrix, Cr is used as a framework material, the preparation process of the CuCr alloy is greatly developed in recent years, better comprehensive mechanical and electrical properties are popularized in vacuum circuit breakers of various types of medium and low voltages, and the rapid development of the vacuum switches in China is greatly promoted.
However, in the prior art, the CuCr alloy used as the vacuum contact material is produced by a powder metallurgy process, wherein the arc ablation resistant phase Cr is in a disordered state, so that the directional conduction flow of the conductive current inside the contact cannot be realized, and the limited control of the vacuum arc cathode spot by the magnetic field can only be realized by external design. Meanwhile, the magnetic field intensity generated by the external structure is lower, the conductive effective area under the rated condition is reduced, and the rated current capability of the vacuum circuit breaker caused by higher temperature rise cannot meet the requirement of a large-current high-voltage power grid.
Therefore, the invention provides a composite contact material with a flow guiding microstructure, which is prepared by a 3D printing technology and consists of a high-conductivity phase Cu, an arc ablation resistant phase Cr and a soft magnetic phase Fe, wherein the flow guiding phase and the arc ablation resistant phase are changed from disorder to order, a tiny structural unit is formed in the contact, the magnetic field intensity and the electric arc dispersion capacity of an electric arc are increased, and the breaking current capacity and the voltage breakdown resistant capacity of the contact are further improved. Based on the defects of the prior art, the method for preparing the copper-based electric contact material based on the 3D printing technology is very significant.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method for preparing a copper-based electric contact material based on a 3D printing technology, and belongs to a preparation method for a high-voltage-level composite contact material.
The technical scheme of the invention is that the preparation method for preparing the copper-based electric contact material based on the 3D printing technology comprises the following steps:
(1) establishing a three-dimensional framework model of Cr, and performing 3D printing and forming;
(2) putting a soft magnetic phase core structure into the Cr three-dimensional framework obtained in the step (1) and sintering; and the number of the first and second groups,
(3) and (3) infiltrating the high-conductivity phase Cu into the framework obtained in the step (2).
In the invention, in the step (1), a three-dimensional skeleton model of the arc ablation resistant phase Cr is established in a computer, and 3D printing forming is carried out by adopting a selective laser sintering technology.
In the invention, in the step (2), soft magnetic phase Fe, Co or Ni filaments are put into the Cr three-dimensional framework prepared in the step (1).
In the present invention, in step (2), the Cr three-dimensional skeleton containing Fe, Co, or Ni filaments is subjected to sintering treatment.
In the invention, in the step (3), the high-conductivity phase Cu is infiltrated into the skeleton in the step (2) through an infiltration method to prepare the copper-chromium iron contact material with a controllable microstructure.
Further, in the step (1), the selective laser sintering is performed under an argon or nitrogen atmosphere.
Further, in the step (3), the infiltration is performed under vacuum.
The invention has the beneficial technical effects that:
the composite contact material, namely the copper-based electric contact material obtained by the method has ordered magnetic field microstructure units, and can generate a larger magnetic field on the surface, so that arc spots are driven to move, the ablation of an arc on the surface of the material is reduced, and the breaking current capability and the voltage breakdown resistance capability of the material are improved.
The CuCr alloy adopted by the existing vacuum contact material is produced by a powder metallurgy process, wherein the arc ablation resistant phase Cr is in a disordered state, so that the directional conduction flow of the conductive current in the contact cannot be realized, and the limited control of a magnetic field on a vacuum arc cathode spot can be realized only by external design.
Meanwhile, the magnetic field intensity generated by an external structure is low, the processing is complex, and the mechanical strength of the contact surface is reduced, so that the contact can deform and crack due to large thermal stress when the large current is cut off. Different from the prior method, the invention adopts a 3D printing technology to prepare the copper-chromium-iron composite contact material with the ordered microstructure.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a contact material of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the magnetic field distribution versus change of the surface at a 5mm separation of the contacts according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below, and one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a copper-based electrical contact material based on a 3D printing technology, which belongs to a method for preparing a high-voltage grade composite contact material.
The technical scheme of the invention is that the preparation method for preparing the copper-based electric contact material based on the 3D printing technology comprises the following steps:
(1) establishing a three-dimensional framework model of Cr, and performing 3D printing and forming;
(2) placing a core structure into the Cr three-dimensional framework obtained in the step (1) and sintering; and the number of the first and second groups,
(3) and (3) infiltrating the high-conductivity phase Cu into the framework obtained in the step (2).
In the invention, in the step (1), a three-dimensional skeleton model of the arc ablation resistant phase Cr is established in a computer, and 3D printing forming is carried out by adopting a selective laser sintering technology.
In the invention, in the step (2), soft magnetic phase Fe, Co or Ni filaments are put into the Cr three-dimensional framework prepared in the step (1).
In the invention, in the step (3), the high-conductivity phase Cu is infiltrated into the skeleton in the step (2) through an infiltration method to prepare the copper-chromium iron contact material with a controllable microstructure.
Further, in the step (1), the selective laser sintering is performed under an argon or nitrogen atmosphere.
Further, in the step (3), the infiltration is performed under vacuum.
One embodiment of the invention is a preparation method for preparing a copper-based electric contact material based on a 3D printing technology, which comprises the following steps: (1) pouring chromium powder with the average particle size of 20-100 mu m into a powder cylinder of a 3D printer; (2) establishing a three-dimensional skeleton model of the arc ablation resistant phase Cr in a computer, wherein a hole array of a core wire is reserved in the skeleton model, for example, the hole array of the reserved core wire is inclined by 10-25 degrees and a space of a conductive phase Cu; (3) selecting a selective laser sintering technology to perform 3D printing forming of the arc ablation resistant Cr, wherein the step (3) needs to be performed in an argon atmosphere; (4) putting soft magnetic phase Fe, Co or Ni with the diameter of 0.5-2mm into a hole array in the Cr three-dimensional framework; (5) sintering the skeleton obtained in the step (4) at the treatment temperature of 1100-.
Further, the present embodiment specifically includes the following steps: (1) pouring chromium powder with the average particle size of 35um into a powder cylinder of a 3D printer; (2) establishing a three-dimensional framework model of an arc ablation resistant phase Cr in a computer, wherein a hole array of a reserved Co wire in the Cr framework model is inclined by 15 degrees, and the rest is a reserved space of a conductive phase Cu; (3) under the argon atmosphere, selecting a selective laser sintering technology to perform 3D printing forming of the arc ablation resistant phase Cr; (4) placing the soft magnetic phase Co with the diameter of 0.75mm into a hole array in the Cr three-dimensional framework; (5) and (4) infiltrating high-conductivity-phase Cu powder with the particle size of 2um into the Cr framework containing the Co wires formed in the step (4) by adopting an infiltration technology to prepare the copper-chromium-cobalt composite contact material containing the longitudinal magnetic field component and the transverse magnetic field component.
Furthermore, the raw materials of the copper-based electric contact material are chromium powder contained in a Cr three-dimensional framework, copper powder contained in a high-conductivity phase Cu and iron or cobalt wires in a soft magnetic phase, and the weight ratio of the chromium powder to the copper powder to the iron/cobalt/nickel wires is (40-60) to (45-50) to (2-4); preferably, the weight ratio of the chromium powder to the copper powder to the iron/cobalt/nickel wires is 50: 47: 3 or 50: 45: 5.
The invention has the beneficial technical effects that:
figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a contact material of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph of the magnetic field distribution versus change of the surface at a 5mm separation of the contacts according to the present invention.
The composite contact material obtained by the method has ordered magnetic field microstructure units, can generate a larger magnetic field on the surface to drive arc spots to move, and improves the breaking current capacity and the voltage breakdown resistance capacity of the material.
The CuCr alloy adopted by the existing vacuum contact material is produced by a powder metallurgy process, wherein the arc ablation resistant phase Cr is in a disordered state, so that the directional conduction flow of the conductive current in the contact cannot be realized, and the limited control of a magnetic field on a vacuum arc cathode spot can be realized only by external design.
Meanwhile, the magnetic field intensity generated by an external structure is low, the processing is complex, and the mechanical strength of the contact surface is reduced, so that the contact can deform and crack due to large thermal stress when the large current is cut off. Different from the prior method, the invention adopts a 3D printing technology to prepare the copper-chromium-iron composite contact material with the ordered microstructure.
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to fig. 1 and 2, but these examples should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A method for preparing a copper-based electric contact material based on a 3D printing technology is characterized in that raw materials of a contact material are chromium powder, copper powder and iron wires, the weight ratio of the chromium powder, the copper powder and the iron wires is 50: 47: 3, a magnetic field as high as 150mT can be generated when a single unit of a microstructure prepared according to a graph 2 breaks a short-circuit current, and the requirement of the magnetic field intensity required by successful breaking of a large current can be met. The preparation method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) pouring chromium powder with the average particle size of 20um into a powder cylinder of a 3D printer;
(2) establishing a three-dimensional framework model of the arc ablation resistant phase Cr in a computer, and reserving a hole array of Fe wires and a space of a conductive phase Cu in the framework model shown in figure 1;
(3) selecting a selective laser sintering technology to perform 3D printing forming of the arc ablation resistant phase Cr under an argon atmosphere;
(4) soft magnetic phase Fe with the diameter of 1mm is placed in a hole array in a Cr three-dimensional framework;
(5) sintering the Cr three-dimensional framework containing 1mm of soft magnetic phase Fe formed in the step (4), wherein the sintering temperature is 1260 ℃;
(6) and (3) infiltrating high-conductivity-phase Cu powder with the particle size of 1um into the Cr framework containing the Fe wire formed in the step (4) by adopting an infiltration technology under vacuum to prepare the copper-chromium-iron composite contact material, wherein the infiltration temperature is 1100 ℃.
Example 2
A preparation method for preparing a copper-based electric contact material based on a 3D printing technology is characterized in that a micro-structure unit is inclined by 15 degrees, so that a longitudinal magnetic field component and a transverse magnetic field component can be obtained on the surface of a contact, the contact material is prepared from chromium powder, copper powder and cobalt wires, the weight ratio of the chromium powder to the copper powder to the cobalt wires is 50: 45: 5, and the preparation method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) pouring chromium powder with the average particle size of 50um into a powder cylinder of a 3D printer;
(2) establishing a three-dimensional framework model of an arc ablation resistant phase Cr in a computer, wherein a hole array of a reserved cobalt wire in the Cr framework model is inclined by 15 degrees, and the rest is a reserved space of a conductive phase Cu;
(3) selecting a selective laser sintering technology to perform 3D printing forming of the arc ablation resistant phase Cr under an argon atmosphere;
(4) placing the soft magnetic phase cobalt with the diameter of 0.75mm into a hole array in the Cr three-dimensional framework;
(5) sintering the Cr three-dimensional skeleton containing 0.75mm soft magnetic phase Co formed in the step (4), wherein the sintering temperature is 1180 ℃;
(6) and (3) infiltrating high-conductivity-phase Cu powder with the particle size of 2 microns into the Cr framework containing the cobalt wires formed in the step (4) by adopting an infiltration technology under vacuum to prepare the copper-chromium-cobalt composite contact material containing the longitudinal magnetic field component and the transverse magnetic field component, wherein the infiltration temperature is 1200 ℃.
The contact material section condition of the above embodiment and the magnetic field distribution and change curve condition of the surface when the contact spacing is 5mm are shown by the graphs in fig. 1-2, the composite contact material obtained by the method of the above embodiment has ordered magnetic field microstructure units, and can generate a larger magnetic field on the surface to drive the arc spot to move, thereby improving the breaking current capability and the voltage breakdown resistance capability of the material.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described herein, but is capable of various obvious changes, rearrangements and substitutions as will now become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in greater detail by the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and may include other equivalent embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is determined by the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A preparation method for preparing a copper-based electric contact material based on a 3D printing technology is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) establishing a three-dimensional skeleton model of chromium Cr, and performing 3D printing and forming;
(2) placing a soft magnetic phase Fe, cobalt Co or nickel Ni filament core structure in the Cr three-dimensional framework obtained in the step (1), and sintering the formed Cr framework containing the iron core filament, the cobalt core filament or the nickel core filament at the sintering temperature of 1100-1400 ℃, wherein the diameter of the filament core structure is 0.5-2 mm; and the number of the first and second groups,
(3) and (3) infiltrating the high-conductivity phase Cu into the framework obtained in the step (2).
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (1), a three-dimensional skeleton model of the arc ablation resistant phase Cr is established in a computer, and 3D printing forming is performed by using a selective laser sintering technology.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the high-conductivity phase Cu is infiltrated into the skeleton in the step (2) through an infiltration method to prepare the copper-chromium-iron or copper-chromium-cobalt or copper-chromium-nickel contact material with a controllable microstructure.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein in step (1), the selective laser sintering is performed under an argon or nitrogen atmosphere.
5. The method of claim 3, wherein in step (3), the infiltration is performed under vacuum.
6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it comprises the steps of:
(1) pouring chromium powder with the average particle size of 20-100 mu m into a powder cylinder of a 3D printer;
(2) establishing a three-dimensional framework model of the arc ablation resistant phase Cr in a computer, wherein a hole array of a core wire and a space of a conductive phase Cu are reserved in the framework model;
(3) selecting a selective laser sintering technology to perform 3D printing forming of the arc ablation resistant Cr, wherein the step (3) is performed in an argon atmosphere;
(4) placing the soft magnetic phase filament core structure into a hole array in a Cr three-dimensional framework;
(5) sintering the Cr framework containing the iron core wire, the cobalt core wire or the nickel core wire formed in the step (2), wherein the sintering temperature is 1100-1400 ℃;
(6) and (3) taking high-conductivity-phase Cu powder as a raw material, and infiltrating the high-conductivity-phase Cu into the Cr skeleton containing the core wire formed in the step (5) by adopting an infiltration technology to prepare the copper-chromium-iron or copper-chromium-cobalt or copper-chromium-nickel composite contact material, wherein the infiltration temperature is 1100-1300 ℃, and the infiltration is carried out in vacuum.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the particle size of the high conductive phase Cu powder is 0.5 to 5 μm.
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| CN113172235B (en) * | 2021-04-02 | 2022-10-28 | 西安交通大学 | Electrical contact preparation method based on multi-material metal synchronous 3D printing technology |
| CN114694984B (en) * | 2022-04-29 | 2024-01-19 | 西安交通大学 | Silver tin oxide intelligent contact with magnetic field self-regulating function |
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| WO1994014177A1 (en) * | 1992-12-16 | 1994-06-23 | Nu-Lec Pty. Ltd. | Arc extinguishing switch apparatus and method |
| DE102011006899A1 (en) * | 2011-04-06 | 2012-10-11 | Tyco Electronics Amp Gmbh | Process for the production of contact elements by mechanical application of material layer with high resolution and contact element |
| JP5272068B2 (en) * | 2011-11-28 | 2013-08-28 | パナソニック株式会社 | Electrical contact structure |
| CN102881511B (en) * | 2012-09-21 | 2016-04-13 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of have the contact controlling the directed extension movement function of vacuum arc |
| CN103551575A (en) * | 2013-10-31 | 2014-02-05 | 福达合金材料股份有限公司 | Preparation method of soft magnetic electrical contact material with self-arc-quenching characteristic and product obtained by same |
| CN105132726B (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2017-03-08 | 陕西斯瑞新材料股份有限公司 | A kind of copper-chromium contact material suitable for contactor and preparation method thereof |
| CN106180654B (en) * | 2016-08-05 | 2018-01-12 | 陕西斯瑞新材料股份有限公司 | The method that discharge plasma sintering prepares infiltration copper-chromium contact material |
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