CN109220304A - Three major branch peach are tree-like and pruning method - Google Patents
Three major branch peach are tree-like and pruning method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109220304A CN109220304A CN201811119762.8A CN201811119762A CN109220304A CN 109220304 A CN109220304 A CN 109220304A CN 201811119762 A CN201811119762 A CN 201811119762A CN 109220304 A CN109220304 A CN 109220304A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of three major branch peach are tree-like and pruning method, the tree-like high 2.4-2.6m of tree, the high 30-40cm of trunk, the equally distributed major branch other than Due South there are three being stayed on trunk, angle between adjacent major branch is 110-130 °, the angle of each major branch and trunk be 50-55 °, each major branch base portion is respectively kept with one and permanently brings up branch, on each major branch give birth to fruitful branch.Tree-like curring time of the invention is short, has the advantages of high photosynthetic efficiency, premature labor, high yield, stable yields, and since fruit can obtain sufficient illumination, tree body is healthy and strong, and bud satiation, stable yield, nutrient quality are good；And since the growth of major branch small gradient, whole height be not high, the personnel that not only improve stand can be trimmed and picking fruit on the ground, also suitable mechanically actuated in the ranks；Meanwhile pruning method is simple and easy, is easy to grasp, it can be with Rapid Popularization.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to planting fruit trees administrative skill field, more particularly, to a kind of three major branch peach are tree-like and trimming side
Method.
Background technique
Peach is a kind of intolerant tree species, germination rate and strong at principal stresses.The bud of peach has prematureness, in growth period length and ring
The suitable area of border condition, in 1 year can 3~4 sublateral shoots of pumping (even more repeatedly), the feelings for forming multiple branch and repeatedly growing
Condition provides advantage to pruning, convenient for making fruit tree accelerate forming and ahead of time result.
The peach high yield in practical application tree-like mainly has natural open centre shape, trunk shape, Y-shaped etc. at present.Wherein, certainly
So happy shape includes 3 major branches being staggeredly born on trunk, is firmly combined with trunk, load capacity is big, is not easy to cleave；Major branch
Two sides are side shoot, and master-slave relationship is clearly demarcated；Fruitful branch is evenly distributed, and tree crown is opened a business, and illumination condition is good, easily controllable strong.But
This it is tree-like it is general could need to shape for 4 years, early yield is low, 5 years raw tree ability constants rate of production, and the requirement of tree-like pruning technique compared with
Height, orchard worker are not easy to grasp.Trunk shape has the advantages that simple structure, convenient for management, ventilation light passing, result are early, quick, generally
Shape within 1st year, the 2nd year can result or high yield, but fruit quality is relatively poor, and since trunk is upright, be easy it is upper strong,
Setting fruit position is moved up, it is more demanding to pruning technique.Y-shaped requires wide row planting culture, and due to ventilation and penetrating light, fruit is excellent
Matter, high yield are quick, and are convenient for mechanization management, but the tree-like skeleton culture technique is more demanding, when not accomplishing, are easy
Not the problems such as now splitting or mobile jib (branch) do not have taperingness, and bearing capacity is small.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve problem above, the present invention provides that a kind of premature labor, high yield, stable yields, high photosynthetic efficiency, forming is fast, tree vigo(u)r is easily flat
Three major branch peach of weighing apparatus are tree-like, while providing a kind of pruning method that three major branch peach are tree-like.
To achieve the above object, the present invention can take following technical proposals:
Three major branches peach of the present invention is tree-like, refers under conditions of using seeding row spacing 2 × 3m or 2 × 4m, sets high 2.4-
2.6m does high 30-40cm, and the major branch that there are three equally distributed other than the Due South, the angle between adjacent major branch are stayed on trunk
Degree is 110-130 °, and the angle of each major branch and trunk is 50-55 °, and each major branch base portion is respectively kept with one and permanently brings up
Branch, on each major branch raw fruitful branch.
The tree-like pruning method of above-mentioned three major branches peach, comprising:
(1) fixed dry: the finished product seedling after plant to be done surely, heading height is 45-55 ㎝, the first bud face north under clip；
(2) major branch: First Year June is cultivated, when newly slightly growing to 48-52 ㎝, selects and remain that three growth potentials are good, direction is suitable in the tree
Branch as major branch, and pinching, turn round the tip or by branch by way of control other newly slightly prosperous growths, promote into flower；
(3) the First Year winter cuts: being to carry out cutting back at 1cm in each major branch head diameter, retains one respectively in each major branch base portion
The raw thick branch in a side, which is used as, permanently brings up branch, while removing the competitive branch near extending head and overstocked branch to keep major branch single shaft to prolong
Stretch, remove stretch to the prosperous branch of the branch of excessive growth of thorax, back in tree crown, thin and delicate branch, overstocked branch and it is excessively thick cross bough, it is raw and tiltedly only to retain side
The golden mean of the Confucian school branch that raw length is 60cm or less, diameter is 0.55-0.65cm branch as a result, and the fruitful branch sum of each tree is
20-30；
(4) second year is cut to lead with the summer, and the winter is cut to auxiliary: the bud picking, pinching in time of the 5-6 month removes for August 25th to during mid-September
Stretch to the prosperous branch of the branch of excessive growth of thorax, back and overstocked branch in tree crown；After fallen leaves to next year germination before, remove thin and delicate branch and excessively slightly it is excessive
Branch stays stake to trim innovation shoot, retain on each major branch 10-15 length be 60cm or less, the result that diameter is 0.55-0.65cm
Branch, avoids cutting back major branch extending head；
(5) third year is cut to lead with the summer, and the winter is cut to auxiliary: the bud picking, pinching in time of the 5-6 month removes for August 25th to during mid-September
The prosperous branch of the branch of excessive growth of thorax, back and overstocked branch in tree crown are stretched to, and using paclobutrazol control to promote bud differentiation；It is arrived after fallen leaves
Before next year germination, thin and delicate branch and excessively thick bough excessively are removed, stake is stayed to trim innovation shoot, retaining 15-20 length on each major branch is
60cm or less, the fruitful branch that diameter is 0.55-0.65cm, avoid cutting back major branch extending head；After passing the winter and cutting, tree-like formation.
The tree-like curring time of three major branches peach provided by the invention is short, has the advantages of high photosynthetic efficiency, premature labor, high yield, stable yields,
Since fruit can obtain sufficient illumination, tree body is healthy and strong, and bud satiation, stable yield, nutrient quality are good；And due to master
The growth of branch small gradient, whole height be not high, and the personnel that not only improve stand can be trimmed and picking fruit on the ground, also fits
Suitable mechanically actuated in the ranks；Meanwhile pruning method is simple and easy, is easy to grasp, it can be with Rapid Popularization.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is tree structure schematic diagram of the invention.
Specific embodiment
Three major branches peach of the present invention is tree-like, suitable for carrying out the peach of outdoor cultivation in rich soil, generally adopts
It is 2 × 3m or 2 × 4m with seeding row spacing, is convenient for daylighting and mechanization management.As shown in Figure 1, every plant of high 2.5m of peach tree or so, main
Dry 1 high 30-40cm only stays three major branches 2.1,2.2,2.3 on trunk 1, in order to avoid influencing daylighting, three major branches 2.1,2.2,
2.3 in Due South.The angle of each major branch and trunk is 50-55 °, and adjacent major branch is uniformly divided with 110-130 ° of angle
Cloth, on each major branch directly raw fruitful branch 3, master-slave relationship is clearly demarcated, and tree crown is opened a business, convenient for ventilation and daylighting.Each major branch base
Portion is respectively kept with one and permanently brings up branch 4.1,4.2,4.3, avoids the formation of strong tree vigo(u)r.
The tree-like pruning method of above-mentioned three major branches peach, specifically includes that
(1) fixed dry: to be done surely after selecting high-quality finished product seedling plant First Year March, heading height is 45-55 ㎝, the under clip
One bud selection, which is selected, develops full bud and the face north.
(2) cultivate major branch: First Year it is good, square to select and remain three growth potentials when newly slightly growing to 50 ㎝ or so June in the tree
To suitable branch as major branch, wherein clip lower first 2.1 in the north, remaining two 2.2,2.3 are located at the southeast
And southwest, spreading angle is at 45 °, and as a result the angle after rear three major branches setting is 50~55 °.Meanwhile pinching, the torsion tip need to be passed through
Or other newly slightly prosperous growths are controlled by modes such as branches, promote into flower.
(3) the First Year winter cuts: being to carry out cutting back at 1cm in each major branch head diameter, increases the rugosity and skeleton of major branch
Stability；Retain the raw thick lopwood in a side respectively as forever in the biggish place in three 2.1,2.2,2.3 base portion spaces of major branch
Long property brings up branch 4.1,4.2,4.3, to prevent forming outside strong up and weak down, setting fruit position the case where moving；Meanwhile removing major branch extending head
Neighbouring competitive branch and overstocked branch remove to keep major branch uniaxial extension and stretch to the prosperous branch of the branch of excessive growth of thorax, back in tree crown, overstocked
Branch, thin and delicate branch and it is excessively thick cross bough, only retain that the raw and tiltedly raw length in side is 60cm or less, diameter is with Long pruning method
The golden mean of the Confucian school branch of 0.55-0.65cm branch 3 as a result, and keeping 3 sum of fruitful branch of each tree is 20-30.
(4) second year is cut to lead with the summer, and the winter is cut to auxiliary: timely bud picking in June in May-, pinching, and August 25 days to phase mid-September
Between, it removes and stretches to the prosperous branch of the branch of excessive growth of thorax, back and overstocked branch in tree crown；After fallen leaves to next year germination before, remove thin and delicate branch and
Cross it is thick cross bough, stay stake to trim innovation shoot, retain on each major branch 10-15 length be 60cm or less, diameter 0.55-
The fruitful branch of 0.65cm；It should be noted that major branch extending head does not rush cutting back, upper strong tree caused by cutting back is avoided as far as possible
Gesture.Under normal conditions, once it is strong on tree vigo(u)r, need could gradually slow down the growth impetus within 2~3 years.
(5) third year peach has been in the best fruiting period, but trimming is essentially identical with the trimming of second year, still is cut to lead with the summer,
Winter is cut to auxiliary: August 25 days stretches to the prosperous branch of the branch of excessive growth of thorax, back and overstocked branch in tree crown to removing during mid-September；Meanwhile
In order to promote bud differentiation, begin to use paclobutrazol control.After fallen leaves to next year germination before, remove thin and delicate branch and excessively slightly it is excessive
Branch stays stake to trim innovation shoot, retain on each major branch 15-20 length be 60cm or less, the result that diameter is 0.55-0.65cm
Branch, avoids cutting back major branch extending head.During trimming, pay attention to updating parallel with result.It is tree-like to basically form after passing the winter and cutting.
The tree-like growth characteristic for combining peach of three major branches peach of the present invention, combines natural open centre shape, trunk
The tree-like advantage of shape, Y-shaped, and the above tree-like disadvantage is overcome, such as: compared with natural open centre shape, forming is fast, early rich
It produces, ventilation and penetrating light is good, management is simple, suitable field machinery operation；Compared with trunk shape, apical dominance is weakened, is balanced
Whole tree vigo(u)r, because of operations such as directly height are not high with the growth of small gradient, and adult's standing can be trimmed, pick；The tree
The drawbacks of shape also overcomes Y-shaped easily to cleave.In conclusion the present invention be a kind of premature labor, high yield, stable yields, high photosynthetic efficiency tree
Shape, tree vigo(u)r are easy balance, and ventilation and penetrating light, nutrient quality be good, stable yield；Meanwhile the tree-like pruning method it is simple and easy,
Convenient for grasping, it is very suitable to promote to orchard worker.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of three major branch peach are tree-like, it is characterised in that: under conditions of using seeding row spacing 2 × 3m or 2 × 4m, set high 2.4-
2.6m does high 30-40cm, and the major branch that there are three equally distributed other than the Due South, the angle between adjacent major branch are stayed on trunk
Degree is 110-130 °, and the angle of each major branch and trunk is 50-55 °, and each major branch base portion is respectively kept with one and permanently brings up
Branch, on each major branch raw fruitful branch.
2. the tree-like pruning method of three major branches peach according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
(1) fixed dry: the finished product seedling after plant to be done surely, heading height is 45-55 ㎝, the first bud face north under clip；
(2) major branch: First Year June is cultivated, when newly slightly growing to 48-52 ㎝, selects and remain that three growth potentials are good, direction is suitable in the tree
Branch as major branch, and pinching, turn round the tip or by branch by way of control other newly slightly prosperous growths, promote into flower；
(3) the First Year winter cuts: being to carry out cutting back at 1cm in each major branch head diameter, retains one respectively in each major branch base portion
The raw thick branch in a side, which is used as, permanently brings up branch, while removing the competitive branch near extending head and overstocked branch to keep major branch single shaft to prolong
Stretch, remove stretch to the prosperous branch of the branch of excessive growth of thorax, back in tree crown, thin and delicate branch, overstocked branch and it is excessively thick cross bough, it is raw and tiltedly only to retain side
The golden mean of the Confucian school branch that raw length is 60cm or less, diameter is 0.55-0.65cm branch as a result, and the fruitful branch sum of each tree is
20-30；
(4) second year is cut to lead with the summer, and the winter is cut to auxiliary: the bud picking, pinching in time of the 5-6 month removes for August 25th to during mid-September
Stretch to the prosperous branch of the branch of excessive growth of thorax, back and overstocked branch in tree crown；After fallen leaves to next year germination before, remove thin and delicate branch and excessively slightly it is excessive
Branch stays stake to trim innovation shoot, retain on each major branch 10-15 length be 60cm or less, the result that diameter is 0.55-0.65cm
Branch, avoids cutting back major branch extending head；
(5) third year is cut to lead with the summer, and the winter is cut to auxiliary: the bud picking, pinching in time of the 5-6 month removes for August 25th to during mid-September
The prosperous branch of the branch of excessive growth of thorax, back and overstocked branch in tree crown are stretched to, and using paclobutrazol control to promote bud differentiation；It is arrived after fallen leaves
Before next year germination, thin and delicate branch and excessively thick bough excessively are removed, stake is stayed to trim innovation shoot, retaining 15-20 length on each major branch is
60cm or less, the fruitful branch that diameter is 0.55-0.65cm, avoid cutting back major branch extending head；After passing the winter and cutting, tree-like formation.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110692413A (en) * | 2019-10-16 | 2020-01-17 | 六安市兆丰商贸有限责任公司 | High-yield pruning planting method for white peach trees |
| CN113475304A (en) * | 2021-08-23 | 2021-10-08 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | Single-trunk three-main-branch open-core type tree form of apocarya and shaping and trimming method thereof |
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| CN110692413A (en) * | 2019-10-16 | 2020-01-17 | 六安市兆丰商贸有限责任公司 | High-yield pruning planting method for white peach trees |
| CN113475304A (en) * | 2021-08-23 | 2021-10-08 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | Single-trunk three-main-branch open-core type tree form of apocarya and shaping and trimming method thereof |
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