CN109197424A - A kind of crop rotation implantation methods of prevention and control capsicum continuous cropping obstacle - Google Patents
A kind of crop rotation implantation methods of prevention and control capsicum continuous cropping obstacle Download PDFInfo
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- CN109197424A CN109197424A CN201811355083.0A CN201811355083A CN109197424A CN 109197424 A CN109197424 A CN 109197424A CN 201811355083 A CN201811355083 A CN 201811355083A CN 109197424 A CN109197424 A CN 109197424A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/35—Bulbs; Alliums, e.g. onions or leeks
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
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- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of crop rotation implantation methods of prevention and control capsicum continuous cropping obstacle, solve the problems, such as capsicum continuous cropping obstacle.The method of the present invention is to plant capsicum, including the transplanting of celery seedling raising, celery, celery management, pepper seedling raising, transplant planting, 7 capsicum management, site preparation of sunning the earth which has been ploughed up steps after field of sunning the earth which has been ploughed up, addition biological organic fertilizer, crop rotation celery again after capsicum seed farm harvest.The present invention is by adjusting planting patterns joint bio-bacterial manure use, affect plant rhizosphere soil microorganism structure, soil organic matter content is improved, Soil salinity is reduced, increases profitable strain, promote plant growth, reducing pathogen quantity simultaneously inhibits pathogen active, and soil multiple crop index is increased while playing prevention and control continuous cropping obstacle, has the advantages that good preventive effect, high efficiency, environmental-friendly, the method of the present invention is easy to operate, easy to spread.
Description
Technical field
The present invention provides a kind of crop rotation implantation methods of prevention and control capsicum continuous cropping obstacle, belongs to plant culture and breeding technique is led
Domain.
Background technique
Capsicum (Capsicum.annum L.) originates in Central and South America, belongs to Solanaceae Capsicum, is a kind of important vegetables and tune
One of taste product, and the maximum vegetable species of Chinese cultivated area, annual planting area reaches 1300000hm2More than, it is only second to great Bai
Dish occupies second, is the maximum vegetable crop of the Chinese output value, plays an important role in guaranteeing China's Vegetable year-round supply.Capsicum
The expansion of cultivated area, the increase of seed demand, promote capsicum production of hybrid seeds industry to rapidly develop in recent years, due to seed breeding base
The factors such as intensive, large-scale planting, multiple crop index are high, type is single, the continuous cropping obstacle phenomenon in greenhouse pepper cultivation is increasingly
Seriously, survival rate is low after being mainly shown as capsicum transplanting, and plant strain growth is suppressed, and disease gradually aggravates to eventually lead to yield and product
Matter decline.It is reported that (Zhang Zhourang, Baoji Hot Pepper Industry Development status, problem and countermeasure, Shaanxi agricultural sciences, 2005, P64-
66) one annual output of capsicum continuous cropping decline 10%~15%, continuous cropping 2 years decline 20%~30%, continuous cropping 3 years decline 30%~
50%, continuous cropping obstacle oneself become limitation capsicum production of hybrid seeds industry development Main Factors.
Continuous cropping obstacle occurrence cause is intricate, and wherein key factor is exactly that geobiont degenerates and plant Auto toxicity,
It is the performance of many factors comprehensive function inside soil and crop two systems after all.People are led in capsicum production at present
It often selects the technologies such as disease-resistant variety, grafting, soil disinfection, chemical pesticide control to carry out prevention and control continuous cropping obstacle bring to endanger, but by
The characteristic of the capsicum production of hybrid seeds can not select the factors such as specific disease-resistant variety, chemical pesticide preventive effect is poor, soil removal and replacement is at high cost that these is caused to arrange
It applies and is difficult to be widely popularized in capsicum production of hybrid seeds production.Crop rotation is using a kind of relatively broad and effective method, research card
Bright, suitable crop rotation can efficiently solve continuous cropping bring soil-borne disease problem, root exudates and certainly malicious problem etc..Capsicum
It is general to require crop rotation at least 3 years or more, the characteristics of due to the limitation of China's cultivated area and seed breeding base is intensive, scale,
Stringent crop rotation production, the shortening of the crop rotation time limit, inevitable continuous cropping plantation, therefore letter can not be carried out in capsicum production of hybrid seeds production
Single shift of crops has been unable to reach the purpose of prevention and control continuous cropping obstacle, and the selection of rotation crop and the improvement of mode are to solve crop rotation
The breakthrough of defect.
Apium L Umbelliferae (Umbelliferae) apium (Apium Linn.) is planting vegetable common all over the world,
For celery because its is in good taste, medical value and nutritive value are high, and favor by people.The present inventor uses capsicum, celery crop rotation
Symphysis organic fertilizer in parallel forms a kind of effective prevention and control capsicum system of easy to operate, easy popularization to solve prior art deficiency
The method of farming continuous cropping obstacle, to promote Focus, the development of scale capsicum production of hybrid seeds industry to seek solution route.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is be directed to existing capsicum seed farm continuous cropping obstacle and produce lacking for upper prevention and control continuous cropping obstacle method
It falls into, a kind of crop rotation implantation methods of prevention and control capsicum continuous cropping obstacle is provided, by celery-capsicum crop rotation, film is taken off, whole field, suns the earth which has been ploughed up, add
Add the measures such as biological organic fertilizer to influence plant rhizosphere soil microorganism structure, to influence pathogen quantity and pathogenic, prevents
Continuous cropping obstacle and other soil diseases are controlled, it is easy to operate, it is easy to spread.
Technical solution
A kind of crop rotation implantation methods of prevention and control capsicum continuous cropping obstacle, comprising the following steps:
(1) celery seedling raising: celery covers nursery using sunshade net in late July, and sunshade net is removed after rice shoot is grown up, and infuses
Moisturizing of anticipating keeps seedbed wet；
(2) celery is transplanted: turn in facility plastic greenhouse and does furrow, celery is colonized in mid-September, every 2~3 offspring of cave,
Root water is watered with after cultivation；
(3) celery management: watering in time after field planting, and overlay film is kept the temperature after the decline of late November outside air temperature, and the time of infertility chases after
Fertilizer 3~4 times, the harvesting of second year early Febuary terminates；
(4) it pepper seedling raising: will be sowed after pepper seed vernalization in late December current year, using hole plate seedling growth, 1, every cave is
The seed of vernalization warms up bed nursery；
(5) it transplant planting: (is covered in vinyl house using the cultivation covering facility of " greenhouse+middle canopy+hut+mulch "
Second layer film simultaneously covers Small plastic shed in furrow face, and furrow face covers mulch), second year early Febuary~late Febuary transplant planting,
20~25 centimetres of soil deeptillage before being colonized applies sufficiently decomposed pig manure, biological organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer (15-15-15), does furrow
Ditching, single plant cultivation；
The biological organic fertilizer is the more board root fungus spy's biological organic fertilizers of root power, and wherein nitrogen, phosphorus, the weight percentage of potassium are equal
>=6%, the weight percent of weight percentage >=40% of organic matter, weight percentage >=8% of humic acid, potassium fulvate
Content >=12%, effective active bacterial content >=0.2 hundred million/gram；
(6) capsicum manages: primary permeable, intertillage on time, ridging, according to plant growing way situation, in conjunction with watering are poured after slow seedling
Top dressing 3~4 times, second year late April, which starts to do, to be hybridized, early August allocarpy harvest home；
(7) it suns the earth which has been ploughed up site preparation: after capsicum harvests, cleaning rural area, soil deeptillage takes greenhouse canopy film off, suns the earth which has been ploughed up, in September
It suns the earth which has been ploughed up in ten days end, is sprinkled into bio-bacterial manure, then plough deeply finishing field, upper awning film is that celery cultivation is prepared.
Further, it in step (2), turns over before doing furrow, every 667m2Apply sufficiently decomposed 3000~4000kg of pig manure, compound
Fertilizer (15-15-15) 30~40kg and 10~20kg of urea.
Further, it in step (2), turns over when doing furrow, the high 15cm in ridge, the wide 1.2m of furrow.
Further, in step (3), kept for 20~25 DEG C of temperature of shed, humidity 75-85%.
Further, in step (3), time of infertility top dressing 3~4 times, each every 667m210~15kg of ammonium sulfate is imposed, the
Every 667m when primary and last time top dressing23~4kg of potash fertilizer is added will avoid high temperature and drought from preventing in celery management process
It is hollow, 0.5% potassium chloride need to be sprayed when hollow blade face occurs.
Further, in step (4), the germination accelerating method of pepper seed are as follows: soak 0.1% liquor potassic permanganate of pepper seed
It takes out after kind of 5min, is washed down with clear water, then use 52~55 DEG C of water seed soaking 15min, then with clear water repeated flushing to temperature drop
It can be used for being broadcast live to room temperature, then after impregnating 10~12h with clear water.
Further, in step (5), every 667m2Apply sufficiently decomposed 3000~4000kg of pig manure, biological organic fertilizer 400~
600kg and compound fertilizer (15-15-15) 40~50kg.
Further, in step (5), when doing furrow ditching, furrow face wide 130cm, furrow width 30cm, ditch depth 20cm, distance between rows and hills 50cm
×40cm。
Further, in step (7), the bio-bacterial manure is the graduate Shi Pule board polypeptide ferment of the wide biotechnology in Beijing
Female AVM hereinafter bacterial manure is taken off after canopy suns the earth which has been ploughed up, every 667m2It is sprinkled into AVM hereinafter bacterial manure 600kg.
Beneficial effects of the present invention: the present invention provides the crop rotation implantation methods of prevention and control capsicum continuous cropping obstacle, solve peppery
The problem of green pepper continuous cropping obstacle, in the celery crop body in growth period containing Sphingol single-cell, pseudomonad, shortwave monad,
Dyadobacter, microbacterium etc. 5 belongs to nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and soil organic matter content can be improved after crop rotation celery, reduces Soil salinity, increases
Add soil bacteria, fungi, defence line bacterium number amount, improve microbial activity, facilitation is generated to chili growth, the present invention passes through tune
Whole planting patterns joint bio-bacterial manure uses, and influences plant rhizosphere soil microorganism structure, increases profitable strain, reduces pathogen
Quantity and the survival rate for inhibiting pathogen activity to inhibit soil-borne disease, when planting capsicum year after year, after capsicum transplantation of seedlings can be made
Up to 90% or more, the capsicum shoot survival percent of soil transplanting of 3 years than continuous cropping improves 30% or more, and plant is entirely growing
Interim equal energy normal growth.The present invention increases soil multiple crop index while playing prevention and control continuous cropping obstacle, effect good with preventive effect
Beneficial high, environmental-friendly advantage, the method for the present invention is easy to operate, easy to spread.
Specific embodiment
To be easy to understand the technical means, the creative features, the aims and the efficiencies achieved by the present invention, below with reference to
Specific embodiment, the present invention is further explained.Following case study on implementation is used to explain the present invention, but is not limited to of the invention
Range.
In following embodiments, the biological organic fertilizer is the more board root fungus spy's biological organic fertilizers of root power, how biological purchased from root power
Science and Technology Co., Ltd.；Bio-bacterial manure is Shi Pule board polypeptide yeast AVM hereinafter bacterial manure, is ground purchased from the wide biotechnology in Beijing
Study carefully institute, but not limited to this.
Embodiment 1
A kind of crop rotation implantation methods of prevention and control capsicum continuous cropping obstacle, comprising the following steps:
(1) celery seedling raising: in Yancheng, Jiangsu Province Nan Yang town proving ground, celery is covered on July 20th, 2016 using sunshade net
Lid nursery is rinsed once again with clear water rubbing after seed is first impregnated 4h with clear water, binds up with gauze and be placed in 5~8 DEG C of refrigerators
Vernalization is seeded in the seedbed being ready for after 2/3 germination, should gently suppress after broadcasting, and props up small arch covering sunshade net, out
Sunshade net is thrown off, covers at dusk morning after seedling, removes sunshade net after rice shoot is grown up, and notices that moisturizing keeps seedbed wet；
(2) celery is transplanted: in facility plastic greenhouse, apply fertilizer (every 667m2Apply sufficiently decomposed pig manure 3500kg, compound fertilizer
(15-15-15) 40kg and urea 20kg) after turn over and do furrow, the high 15cm in ridge, the wide 1.2m of furrow, celery was on September 18th, 2016
Field planting, seedling age 50d~60d, whens 4~6 true leaves, transplant, and line-spacing 30cm, spacing in the rows 30cm plant 6500 young plants per acre, be watered with after cultivation
Root water；
(3) celery management: watering in time after field planting, is kept for 20~25 DEG C of temperature of shed, humidity 75-85%, more than 25 DEG C
Radix saposhnikoviae is adjusted in time, with the reduction of outside air temperature, is put down canopy film and is reinforced keeping the temperature, and time of infertility top dressing 4 times, each every 667m2It chases after
Apply ammonium sulfate 10kg, for the first time with last time top dressing when every 667m2Potash fertilizer 3kg is added, occurs to spray 0.5% when hollow blade face
Potassium chloride, in mid or late Febuary, 2017 terminate, average every 667m2Yield reaches 5000kg；
(4) pepper seedling raising: on December 20th, 2016 by pepper seed vernalization, is sowed after germination on December 25th, 2016,
Using hole plate seedling growth, the seed of every 1 vernalization in cave warms up bed nursery；The germination accelerating method of pepper seed are as follows: use pepper seed
0.1% liquor potassic permanganate seed soaking 5min after take out, washed down with clear water, then use 52~55 DEG C of water seed soaking 15min, then with clearly
Water repeated flushing is down to room temperature to temperature, then can be used for being broadcast live after impregnating 10~12h with clear water.
(5) transplant planting: the cultivation covering facility of use " greenhouse+middle canopy+hut+mulch ", 80 μm of awning film selection~
The film of 50 μm~60 μ m-thicks can be selected in the long-lived anti-dropping film of 100 μ m-thicks, middle canopy film and small canopy film, while spreading one layer of 20 μ m-thick
Mulch；On 2 18th, 2017 transplant plantings, soil deeptillage before being colonized, every 667m2Apply sufficiently decomposed pig manure 3500kg, life
Organic fertilizer (N P and K >=6%, organic matter >=40%, humic acid >=8%, potassium fulvate >=12%, effective active bacterium >=0.2
Hundred million/gram) 450kg and compound fertilizer (15-15-15) 45kg, do furrow ditching, furrow face wide 130cm, furrow width 30cm, ditch depth 20cm, row strain
Away from 50cm × 40cm, single plant cultivation, capsicum shoot survival percent is up to 91%；
(6) capsicum manages: primary permeable, intertillage on time, ridging, according to plant growing way situation, in conjunction with watering are poured after slow seedling
Top dressing 4 times, early period, phase increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer of yielding positive results, as a result initial stage chased after urea 10kg per acre based on nitrogenous fertilizer, imposed after 2 weeks
Compound fertilizer 15kg pays attention to wet down of divulging information, and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, on April 20th, 2017, which starts to do, to be hybridized, August allocarpy harvesting knot on the 8th
Beam, every 667m2Cross breeding seed amount average out to 35kg, the cenospecies output increased produced on soil of 3 years than continuous cropping
25%；
(7) it suns the earth which has been ploughed up site preparation: after capsicum harvests, cleaning rural area, soil deeptillage takes greenhouse canopy film off, suns the earth which has been ploughed up, utilizes 8
Month, the weather of high temperature and rainy carried out sunning of drenching with rain to soil, and in early September, 2017 suns the earth which has been ploughed up end, and it is (described to be sprinkled into bio-bacterial manure
Bio-bacterial manure is AVM hereinafter bacterial manure, after sunning the earth which has been ploughed up, every 667m2It is sprinkled into AVM hereinafter bacterial manure 600kg), finishing field is then ploughed deeply, it is upper big
Canopy film is that celery cultivation is prepared.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of crop rotation implantation methods of prevention and control capsicum continuous cropping obstacle, which comprises the following steps:
(1) celery seedling raising: celery covers nursery using sunshade net in late July, removes sunshade net after rice shoot is grown up, and pays attention to mending
Water keeps seedbed wet；
(2) celery is transplanted: turn in facility plastic greenhouse and is done furrow, celery is colonized in mid-September, every 2~3 offspring of cave, after cultivation
It is watered with root water；
(3) celery management: watering in time after field planting, and overlay film is kept the temperature after the decline of late November outside air temperature, and time of infertility top dressing 3~
4 times, the harvesting of second year early Febuary terminates；
(4) pepper seedling raising: will sow after pepper seed vernalization in late December current year, using hole plate seedling growth, the vernalization of 1, every cave
Seed, warm up bed nursery；
(5) transplant planting: facility is covered using the cultivation of " greenhouse+middle canopy+hut+mulch ", Hot Pepper Seedling is in second year early Febuary
~late Febuary transplant planting, soil deeptillage 20~25cm before being colonized apply sufficiently decomposed pig manure, biological organic fertilizer and compound
Fertile (15-15-15) does furrow ditching, single plant cultivation；
The biological organic fertilizer is the more board root fungus spy's biological organic fertilizers of root power, wherein nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium weight percentage >=
6%, weight percentage >=40% of organic matter, weight percentage >=8% of humic acid, potassium fulvate weight percent contain
Amount >=12%, effective active bacterial content >=0.2 hundred million/gram；
(6) capsicum manages: primary permeable, intertillage on time, ridging is poured after slow seedling, according to plant growing way situation, in conjunction with watering top dressing 3
~4 times, second year late April, which starts to do, to be hybridized, early August allocarpy harvest home；
(7) it suns the earth which has been ploughed up site preparation: after capsicum harvests, cleaning rural area, soil deeptillage takes greenhouse canopy film off, suns the earth which has been ploughed up, and early September shines
Upturned soil terminates, and is sprinkled into bio-bacterial manure, then ploughs deeply finishing field, and upper awning film is that celery cultivation is prepared.
2. the crop rotation implantation methods of prevention and control capsicum continuous cropping obstacle as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (2), turn over
Before doing furrow, every 667m2Apply sufficiently decomposed 3000~4000kg of pig manure, compound fertilizer (15-15-15) 30~40kg and urea 10~
20kg。
3. the crop rotation implantation methods of prevention and control capsicum continuous cropping obstacle as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (2), turn over
When doing furrow, the high 15cm in ridge, the wide 1.2m of furrow.
4. the crop rotation implantation methods of prevention and control capsicum continuous cropping obstacle as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (3), keep
20~25 DEG C of temperature of shed, humidity 75-85%.
5. the crop rotation implantation methods of prevention and control capsicum continuous cropping obstacle as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (3), Quan Sheng
It educates phase top dressing 3~4 times, each every 667m2Impose 10~15kg of ammonium sulfate, for the first time with last time top dressing when every 667m2It is added
3~4kg of potash fertilizer will avoid high temperature and drought prevention hollow, 0.5% need to be sprayed when hollow blade face occurs in celery management process
Potassium chloride.
6. the crop rotation implantation methods of prevention and control capsicum continuous cropping obstacle as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (4), capsicum
The germination accelerating method of seed are as follows: by pepper seed with being taken out after 0.1% liquor potassic permanganate seed soaking 5min, washed down with clear water, then use
Then 52~55 DEG C of water seed soaking 15min are down to room temperature with clear water repeated flushing to temperature, then with after 10~12h of clear water immersion
It can be used for being broadcast live.
7. the crop rotation implantation methods of prevention and control capsicum continuous cropping obstacle as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (5), often
667m2Apply sufficiently decomposed 3000~4000kg of pig manure, 400~600kg of biological organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer (15-15-15) 40~
50kg。
8. the crop rotation implantation methods of prevention and control capsicum continuous cropping obstacle as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (5), do furrow
When ditching, furrow face wide 130cm, furrow width 30cm, ditch depth 20cm, distance between rows and hills 50cm × 40cm.
9. the crop rotation implantation methods of prevention and control capsicum continuous cropping obstacle as described in any one of claim 1 to 8, which is characterized in that step
(7) in, the bio-bacterial manure is the graduate Shi Pule board polypeptide yeast AVM hereinafter bacterial manure of the wide biotechnology in Beijing, takes off canopy solarization
After upturned soil, every 667m2It is sprinkled into AVM hereinafter bacterial manure 600kg.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109734523A (en) * | 2019-03-21 | 2019-05-10 | 罗希榕 | A kind of organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof for capsicum continuous cropping plantation |
| CN110024541A (en) * | 2019-05-15 | 2019-07-19 | 金正生物化工有限公司 | A kind of greenhouse early spring celery continuous cropping plantation good quality and high output fertilizing method |
| CN111328651A (en) * | 2020-04-07 | 2020-06-26 | 贵州省蚕业研究所(贵州省辣椒研究所) | Cultivation method for harvesting two crops through crop rotation planting in one year |
| CN112166773A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2021-01-05 | 泰安市农业科学研究院 | Method for reducing application and increasing efficiency of chemical fertilizer in large-arch-shed watermelon-pepper annual crop rotation system |
| CN115119705A (en) * | 2022-07-29 | 2022-09-30 | 宁波城市职业技术学院 | Method for solving soil continuous cropping obstacle in chrysanthemum field facility cultivation |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109734523A (en) * | 2019-03-21 | 2019-05-10 | 罗希榕 | A kind of organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof for capsicum continuous cropping plantation |
| CN110024541A (en) * | 2019-05-15 | 2019-07-19 | 金正生物化工有限公司 | A kind of greenhouse early spring celery continuous cropping plantation good quality and high output fertilizing method |
| CN111328651A (en) * | 2020-04-07 | 2020-06-26 | 贵州省蚕业研究所(贵州省辣椒研究所) | Cultivation method for harvesting two crops through crop rotation planting in one year |
| CN112166773A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2021-01-05 | 泰安市农业科学研究院 | Method for reducing application and increasing efficiency of chemical fertilizer in large-arch-shed watermelon-pepper annual crop rotation system |
| CN115119705A (en) * | 2022-07-29 | 2022-09-30 | 宁波城市职业技术学院 | Method for solving soil continuous cropping obstacle in chrysanthemum field facility cultivation |
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