CN115119705A - Method for solving soil continuous cropping obstacle in chrysanthemum field facility cultivation - Google Patents
Method for solving soil continuous cropping obstacle in chrysanthemum field facility cultivation Download PDFInfo
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- 235000007516 Chrysanthemum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 105
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000009335 monocropping Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 244000189548 Chrysanthemum x morifolium Species 0.000 title 1
- 241000723353 Chrysanthemum Species 0.000 claims abstract description 104
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
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- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- HYVVJDQGXFXBRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N metam Chemical compound CNC(S)=S HYVVJDQGXFXBRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002169 Metam Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000645 desinfectant Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000628997 Flos Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- BIHPYCDDPGNWQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-iai Chemical compound C1=C(I)C=C2CC(N)CC2=C1 BIHPYCDDPGNWQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- AFCCDDWKHLHPDF-UHFFFAOYSA-M metam-sodium Chemical compound [Na+].CNC([S-])=S AFCCDDWKHLHPDF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract description 20
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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- Botany (AREA)
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for solving soil continuous cropping obstacles in chrysanthemum field facility cultivation. The method comprises the following steps: 1) removing residues in the facility cultivation chrysanthemum field, watering and wetting soil; 2) carrying out rotary tillage on the soil treated in the step 1), and ridging by using a ridging machine; 3) paving a drip irrigation tape on the soil treated in the step 2); 4) covering a film on the soil surface treated in the step 3), diluting metham with water, and performing drip irrigation through the drip irrigation tape to disinfect the film-covered soil; 5) closing the greenhouse, opening the greenhouse to remove the film, and transplanting the chrysanthemum and peanut root seedlings in the soil treated in the step 4) for cutting planting. The method is simple and convenient, can solve the problem of continuous cropping obstacle of the chrysanthemum in the field facility cultivation of chrysanthemum, ensures that the chrysanthemum grows uniformly and has a survival rate of more than 95 percent, ensures that the grown chrysanthemum is qualified in quality, meets the sales requirement, and ensures the annual planting requirement of the chrysanthemum field.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop planting, in particular to a method for solving soil continuous cropping obstacles in chrysanthemum field facility cultivation.
Background
Due to high economic benefit of chrysanthemum planting, through long-term facility cultivation, if soil is replaced or treated irregularly, continuous cropping obstacles of the soil are very obvious, so that the growth vigor, the flowering phase, the size of buds and the like of the chrysanthemum are inconsistent, and the cutting seedlings die in a slicing manner in severe cases. Continuous cropping obstacles have become a serious obstacle to the development of chrysanthemum production.
Methods for solving chrysanthemum continuous cropping obstacles are disclosed, wherein CN101475808A discloses a soil-specific regulator for solving chrysanthemum continuous cropping obstacles, which mainly comprises activating chrysanthemum endophytic fungi or probiotics, culturing in a culture medium containing potato and chrysanthemum leaf soaking juice, adding a small amount of nutrient salt into the culture medium, wherein the culture medium can be a glucose liquid culture medium or a solid culture medium containing chrysanthemum straws, and finally soaking roots with the regulator or directly adding the regulator into rhizosphere soil. However, the method has high technical content, complicated steps and high cost, and is difficult to be applied to large-area popularization and use of agricultural enterprises. In addition, CN105493867A discloses a method for continuous cropping of chrysanthemum and selfheal, which solves the problem of continuous cropping obstacle caused by long-term single planting of chrysanthemum, but the method is not suitable for the production enterprises which carry out flower planting throughout the year. Therefore, an economical and convenient method for solving the soil continuous cropping obstacle in chrysanthemum facility cultivation is urgently needed to be found.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for solving the continuous cropping obstacle of the soil in the chrysanthemum field facility cultivation, which takes metam sodium as a soil disinfectant, is simple and convenient, has better control effect on the chrysanthemum wilt in the chrysanthemum field facility cultivation, and improves the quality of the chrysanthemum in the chrysanthemum field facility cultivation.
In a first aspect, the invention provides the use of metam sodium as a soil disinfectant in solving or improving the soil continuous cropping obstacles in chrysanthemum field facility cultivation.
In a second aspect, the invention provides the use of metam sodium as a soil disinfectant in at least one of the following a1-a 2:
a1, controlling the wilt of chrysanthemum in facility cultivation of chrysanthemum in field;
a2, improving the quality of flos Chrysanthemi in the field facility cultivation of flos Chrysanthemi.
In the application, the indexes for embodying the quality of the chrysanthemum are at least one of plant height, stem thickness, maximum leaf width, maximum leaf length, flower diameter, single branch weight, flower number and fresh weight of plants.
In a third aspect, the invention provides a method for solving or improving soil continuous cropping obstacles in chrysanthemum field facility cultivation, which comprises the following steps:
1) removing residues in the facility cultivation chrysanthemum field, watering and wetting soil;
2) carrying out rotary tillage on the soil treated in the step 1), and ridging by using a ridging machine;
3) paving a drip irrigation tape on the soil treated in the step 2);
4) covering a film on the soil surface treated in the step 3), diluting metham with water, and performing drip irrigation through the drip irrigation tape to disinfect the film-covered soil;
5) closing the greenhouse, opening the greenhouse to remove the film, and transplanting the chrysanthemum and peanut root seedlings in the soil treated in the step 4) for cutting planting.
Further, the method is performed in 8 months, and the step 1) can be specifically performed in the beginning of 8 months.
Further, in the step 2), the ridge is made of high ridges, the width of each high ridge is 90-95cm, the height of each high ridge is 20-25 cm (such as 25cm), and the distance between every two adjacent high ridges is 45-55 cm (such as 50 cm).
Further, in the step 3), 3-4 (such as 4) drip irrigation belts are laid on the surface of each high ridge, and the distance between every two adjacent drip irrigation belts is 20-25 cm (such as 20 cm);
on each drip irrigation belt, 1 drip irrigation head is arranged every 15-20 cm (such as 15 cm).
Further, in the step 4), the thickness of the film in the coating film is more than or equal to 6 threads, such as 6 threads;
applying 25-30 kg of metam, such as 30kg, to each mu;
the mu can be metham with any commercial effective content, such as metham with the effective component content of 42%;
the dilution multiple of the metham is 80-100 times (such as 100 times);
the metham field is diluted with a proportional fertilizer applicator, and the drip irrigation is performed by connecting the proportional fertilizer applicator to a drip irrigation branch pipe on each drip irrigation tape.
Further, in the step 5), the greenhouse is opened for 1 day after the greenhouse is closed for 1-2 weeks (for example, 11 days), and air is diffused for 3 days after the film is removed.
Further, in the step 5), the chrysanthemum peanut root seedlings are transplanted to the high ridges, 5-6 rows (such as 5 rows) are planted on each high ridge, the row spacing is 5-10 cm (such as 10cm), and the plant spacing is 5-10 cm (such as 10 cm);
the transplanting time of the rooted seedlings is as follows: firstly, spreading carrot seedlings on soil, and transplanting if the carrot seedlings can germinate after 2-3 days at high temperature;
the preparation method of the chrysanthemum peanut root seedling comprises the following steps: the length of the cutting spike is 6-7cm, 1-2 unfolded leaves are reserved, the leaves at the base part are removed, and the cutting planting is quickly dipped with a rooting agent.
Further, in the step 5), the chrysanthemum is 'tender' and/or 'mare'.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method can solve the problem of continuous cropping obstacle of the chrysanthemum in the field facility cultivation of chrysanthemum, the chrysanthemum has consistent growth vigor and the survival rate of more than 95 percent, the quality of the grown chrysanthemum is qualified, the method meets the sales requirement, and the annual planting requirement of the chrysanthemum field is ensured. The chrysanthemum of the varieties 'tender feeling' and 'magic horse' is adopted for field experiments, the incidence rate of the chrysanthemum wilt disease of an experimental group adopting metham disinfection is only 4-5%, and the prevention and treatment rate is up to more than 92%; compared with a control group, the plant height, the stem thickness, the maximum leaf width, the maximum leaf length, the flower diameter, the single-branch weight and the fresh weight of the plant are obviously improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a photograph of an inspection site of a drip tape before metam disinfection in examples 1 and 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a photograph showing the on-site sterilization using the proportional fertilizer applicator in examples 1 and 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 3 shows the growth of the control group without sterilized soil in 'soft feeling' in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 4 shows the growth of Winterland in severe dead seedlings after disinfection in the test group of example 1.
FIG. 5 shows the growth of the control group in example 2 of the present invention without soil disinfection.
FIG. 6 shows the growth of Withania somnifera after disinfection of a severe plot of dead seedlings in the experimental group of example 2.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments, which are given for the purpose of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The examples provided below serve as a guide for further modifications by a person skilled in the art and do not constitute a limitation of the invention in any way.
The experimental methods used in the following examples are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified; the materials, reagents and the like used are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Metham in the following examples is a product of Shenyang Harvest agricultural chemicals Co., Ltd., metham (active ingredient content 42%), registration number LS 20090779.
Example 1
The experimental time is 8 months to 11 months in 2021; the method is characterized in that the method is a Zhejiang Haifeng Biotechnology corporation, which has been planted continuously for 5 years, and continuous cropping obstacles with different degrees appear, and continuous cropping obstacles such as dead seedlings appear in part of plots.
Selecting a multi-headed chrysanthemum variety 'tender condition' sensitive to soil diseases, taking untreated facility field soil as a contrast and wilmu disinfected facility field soil as an experimental group, and specifically comprising the following steps:
1) removing residues such as chrysanthemum straw and the like in the facility cultivation chrysanthemum field after 8 months and 7 days; watering by spraying or drip irrigation, and wetting soil properly to make the water content of soil about 70%.
2)8, 8 months and 8 days, carrying out rotary tillage on the soil by using a rotary cultivator, and ploughing and crushing soil blocks; ridging is carried out by using a ridging machine, which comprises the following steps: the ridges are high ridges, the width of each high ridge is 90-95cm, the height of each high ridge is 25cm, and the distance between every two adjacent high ridges is 50 cm.
3)8 month 9 days, put the drip irrigation zone, the inspection drip irrigation equipment guarantees that drip irrigation equipment all normally uses, ensures that every soil homoenergetic obtains abundant disinfection, and the photo of material object is seen in figure 1, specifically as follows: 4 drip irrigation belts are laid on the surface of each high ridge, the distance between every two adjacent drip irrigation belts is 20cm, and 1 drip irrigation head is arranged on each drip irrigation belt every 15 cm.
4)8 months and 9 days, covering a film (with the thickness of 6 wires) with 30kg of metham per mu, diluting 100 times with water, applying 3 tons of metham aqueous solution per mu, connecting to a drip irrigation branch pipe through a proportional fertilizer applicator, uniformly dripping the metham aqueous solution into soil, carrying out the whole disinfection process for about 3 hours, and carrying out a site photograph of the proportional fertilizer applicator as shown in figure 2.
5) And (3) closing the greenhouse for 8 months and 9 days, opening the greenhouse after 11 days, opening the greenhouse for 1 day, removing the film, diffusing air for 3 days, scattering carrot seedlings on the soil, and if the carrot seedlings can germinate after 2-3 days at high temperature, transplanting the chrysanthemum and peanut root seedlings for planting, but placing a chrysanthemum net before the chrysanthemum rooting seedlings are planted.
The length of the ear is 6-7cm, 1-2 unfolded leaves are left, the leaves at the base part are removed, the base parts of 51-52 branches are aligned, and the seedling is placed into a special seedling bag and stored in a refrigerating chamber at 4 ℃, but the storage time is not more than 3 weeks. Then the seeds are quickly dipped by 1000PPM aqueous rooting agent (which is a product of Guanghong agro-chemical Co., Ltd. in Sichuan), and then are planted by cutting. 5 rows are planted on each high ridge, the row spacing is 10cm, and the planting spacing is 10 cm. The depth of the cutting into the soil is 3cm, and the cutting is compacted and watered after being inserted.
Observing the growth conditions of the chrysanthemums in the control group and the experimental group, wherein the chrysanthemum varieties in the control group have inconsistent growth vigor and most of dead seedlings appear, and the growth conditions of the chrysanthemums in the control group are shown in figure 3 as the growth conditions of the chrysanthemums in the condition of 'tenderness' in the control group for 10 months, which shows that the continuous cropping phenomenon of soil is very obvious and the growth and survival of the chrysanthemums are seriously influenced. The chrysanthemum varieties in the experimental group are consistent in growth vigor, the survival rate is more than 95%, the quality of the grown chrysanthemum is qualified, and the chrysanthemum meets the sales requirement, as shown in fig. 4, the chrysanthemum growth condition of the experimental group of 10 months is shown, which indicates that the soil treated by metham already meets the planting requirement of the chrysanthemum varieties, solves the problem of soil continuous cropping obstacle in the facility cultivation of the chrysanthemum field, and ensures the planting requirement of the chrysanthemum field in the year.
The effect of the invention on solving the continuous cropping obstacle of the soil in the chrysanthemum field facility cultivation is verified from the morbidity of the chrysanthemum wilt and the quality of the chrysanthemum.
Wilt of chrysanthemum
The disease incidence condition is counted every 10 days after the plants are fixedly planted, and 1000 plants are counted in a control group and an experimental group respectively.
The incidence and prevention rate are calculated according to the following formulas:
the morbidity is multiplied by 100 percent compared with the number of treated plants;
control rate ═ (control incidence-treatment incidence)/control incidence × 100%;
the results of the experiment are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1, example 1 Chrysanthemum wilt control Effect
Second, the quality of chrysanthemum
During full bloom, 20 plants are randomly selected from three repeated cells of each treatment, the plant height, the stem thickness, the maximum leaf width, the maximum leaf length (including the length of a leaf stalk), the flower diameter, the weight of a single branch and the fresh weight of the plant (including the underground part) are determined, and all indexes are repeatedly determined for 3 times. The results of the experiment are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 Chrysanthemum quality of example 1
| Quality index of chrysanthemum | Experimental group | Control group |
| Plant height (cm) | 115±5.2 A | 75±6.4 B |
| Stem diameter (cm) | 0.80±0.12 A | 0.65±0.10 B |
| Maximum leaf width (cm) | 3.6±0.72 A | 3.4±0.64 A |
| Maximum leaf length (cm) | 8.7±0.48 A | 8.5±0.52 A |
| Flower diameter (cm) | 2.1±0.12 A | 1.8±0.08 B |
| Single weight (g) | 55±6.2 A | 40±5.8 B |
| Fresh weight of plant (g) | 245±10.25 A | 200±15.32 B |
Note: different capital letters indicate differences up to a 5% significance level.
As can be seen from Table 2, compared with the control group, the indexes of plant height, stem thickness, flower stem size, single branch weight, fresh plant weight and the like in the experimental group reach significant difference levels, and the indexes of maximum leaf width and maximum leaf length are respectively improved by 5.9% and 2.4%.
Example 2
The experimental time is 8 months to 11 months in 2021; the method is characterized in that the method is a Zhejiang Haifeng Biotechnology corporation, which has been continuously planted for 5 years, continuous cropping obstacles of different degrees appear, and continuous cropping obstacles such as seedlings and the like appear in part of plots.
Selecting a multi-head chrysanthemum variety 'shenma' sensitive to soil diseases, taking untreated facility field soil as a contrast and wilmu disinfected facility field soil as an experimental group, and specifically comprising the following steps:
1) removing residues such as chrysanthemum straw and the like in the facility cultivation chrysanthemum field after 8 months and 7 days; watering by spraying or drip irrigation, and properly wetting the soil to ensure that the water content of the soil is about 70 percent.
2)8, 8 months and 8 days, carrying out rotary tillage on the soil by using a rotary cultivator, and ploughing and crushing soil blocks; ridging is carried out by using a ridging machine, which comprises the following steps: the ridges are high ridges, the width of each high ridge is 90-95cm, the height of each high ridge is 25cm, and the distance between every two adjacent high ridges is 50 cm.
3)8 month 9 days, put the drip irrigation zone, the inspection drip irrigation equipment guarantees that drip irrigation equipment all normally uses, ensures that every soil homoenergetic obtains abundant disinfection, and the photo of material object is seen in figure 1, specifically as follows: 4 drip irrigation belts are laid on the surface of each high ridge, the distance between every two adjacent drip irrigation belts is 20cm, and 1 drip irrigation head is arranged on each drip irrigation belt every 15 cm.
4)8 months and 9 days, covering a film (with the thickness of 6 wires) with 30kg of metham per mu, diluting 100 times with water, applying 3 tons of metham aqueous solution per mu, connecting to a drip irrigation branch pipe through a proportional fertilizer applicator, uniformly dripping the metham aqueous solution into soil, carrying out the whole disinfection process for about 3 hours, and carrying out a site photograph of the proportional fertilizer applicator as shown in figure 2.
5) And (3) closing the greenhouse for 8 months and 9 days, opening the greenhouse after 11 days, opening the greenhouse for 1 day, removing the film, diffusing air for 3 days, scattering carrot seedlings on the soil, and if the carrot seedlings can germinate after 2-3 days at high temperature, transplanting the chrysanthemum and peanut root seedlings for planting, but placing a chrysanthemum net before the chrysanthemum rooting seedlings are planted.
The length of the ear is 6-7cm, 1-2 unfolded leaves are left, the leaves at the base part are removed, the base parts of 51-52 branches are aligned, and the seedling is placed into a special seedling bag and stored in a refrigerating chamber at 4 ℃, but the storage time is not more than 3 weeks. Then the seeds are quickly dipped by 1000PPM aqueous rooting agent (which is a product of Guanghong agro-chemical Co., Ltd. in Sichuan), and then are planted by cutting. 5 rows are planted on each high ridge, the row spacing is 10cm, and the planting spacing is 10 cm. The depth of the cutting into the soil is 3cm, and the cutting is compacted and watered after being inserted.
Observing the growth conditions of the chrysanthemums in the control group and the experimental group, wherein the chrysanthemum varieties in the control group have inconsistent growth conditions and most of dead seedlings appear, and the growth conditions of the chrysanthemums in the control group are shown in figure 5 as the growth conditions of the chrysanthemums in the 10-month control group, namely the shenma chrysanthemum shows that the continuous cropping phenomenon of soil is very obvious and the growth and survival of the chrysanthemums are seriously influenced. The chrysanthemum varieties in the experimental group have consistent 'soft-feeling' growth, the survival rate is more than 95%, the quality of the grown chrysanthemum is qualified, and the chrysanthemum meets the sale requirement, as shown in fig. 6, the growth condition of the 'shenma' chrysanthemum in the experimental group of 10 months shows that the soil treated by metham already meets the planting requirement of the chrysanthemum varieties, the problem of continuous cropping obstacle of the soil in facility cultivation of the chrysanthemum field is solved, and the year-round planting requirement of the chrysanthemum field is guaranteed.
The effect of the invention on solving the continuous cropping obstacle in chrysanthemum field facility cultivation is verified from the morbidity of the chrysanthemum wilt and the quality of the chrysanthemum.
Wilt of chrysanthemum
The disease incidence condition is counted every 10 days after the plants are fixedly planted, and 1000 plants are counted in a control group and an experimental group respectively.
The incidence and prevention rate are calculated according to the following formulas:
the morbidity is multiplied by 100 percent compared with the number of treated plants;
control rate (control incidence-treatment incidence)/control incidence x 100%;
the results of the experiment are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 Chrysanthemum wilt control effect of example 1
Second, chrysanthemum quality
During full bloom, 20 plants are randomly selected from three repeated cells of each treatment, the plant height, the stem thickness, the maximum leaf width, the maximum leaf length (including the length of a leaf stalk), the flower diameter, the weight of a single branch and the fresh weight of the plant (including the underground part) are measured, and all indexes are repeatedly measured for 3 times. The results of the experiment are shown in table 4.
TABLE 4 Chrysanthemum quality of example 2
| Quality index of chrysanthemum | Experimental group | Control group |
| Plant height (cm) | 121±6.4 A | 78±8.5 B |
| Stem diameter (cm) | 0.86±0.08 A | 0.66±0.04 B |
| Maximum leaf width (cm) | 3.7±0.13 A | 3.4±0.64 A |
| Maximum leaf length (cm) | 9.2±0.26 A | 8.7±0.36 A |
| Flower diameter (cm) | 2.2±0.04 A | 1.8±0.05 B |
| Single weight (g) | 67±5.8 A | 43±7.2 B |
| Fresh weight of plant (g) | 254±15.24 A | 198±23.42 B |
Note: different capital letters indicate differences up to a 5% significance level.
As can be seen from Table 2, compared with the control group, the indexes of plant height, stem thickness, flower stem size, single branch weight, fresh plant weight and the like in the experimental group reach significant difference levels, and the indexes of maximum leaf width and maximum leaf length are respectively improved by 8.8% and 5.7%.
The present invention has been described in detail above. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention can be practiced in a wide range of equivalent parameters, concentrations, and conditions without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and without undue experimentation. While the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, it will be appreciated that the invention can be further modified. In general, this application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention following, in general, the principles of the invention and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the invention pertains. The use of some of the essential features is made possible within the scope of the claims attached below.
Claims (10)
1. The metham sodium is used as a soil disinfectant to solve or improve the soil continuous cropping obstacle in chrysanthemum field facility cultivation.
2. The application of metham as a soil disinfectant in at least one of the following A1-A2:
a1, preventing and treating the wilt of chrysanthemum in facility cultivation of chrysanthemum in field;
a2, improving the quality of flos Chrysanthemi in the field facility cultivation of flos Chrysanthemi.
3. Use according to claim 2, characterized in that: the indexes for embodying the quality of the chrysanthemum are at least one of plant height, stem thickness, maximum leaf width, maximum leaf length, flower diameter, single branch weight, flower number and fresh weight of plants.
4. A method for solving or improving soil continuous cropping obstacles in chrysanthemum field facility cultivation comprises the following steps:
1) removing residues in the facility cultivation chrysanthemum field, watering and wetting soil;
2) carrying out rotary tillage on the soil treated in the step 1), and ridging by using a ridging machine;
3) paving a drip irrigation tape on the soil treated in the step 2);
4) covering a film on the soil surface treated in the step 3), diluting metham with water, and performing drip irrigation through the drip irrigation tape to disinfect the film-covered soil;
5) closing the greenhouse, opening the greenhouse to remove the film, and transplanting the chrysanthemum and peanut root seedlings in the soil treated in the step 4) for cutting planting.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein: in the step 2), the ridge is made of high ridges, the width of each high ridge is 90-95cm, the height of each high ridge is 20-25 cm, and the distance between every two adjacent high ridges is 45-55 cm.
6. The method according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that: in the step 3), 3-4 drip irrigation belts are laid on the surface of each high ridge, and the distance between every two adjacent drip irrigation belts is 20-25 cm;
on each drip irrigation belt, 1 drip irrigation head is arranged every 15-20 cm.
7. The method according to any one of claims 4-6, wherein: in the step 4), the thickness of the film in the film is more than or equal to 6 filaments;
applying 25-30 kg of metam per mu;
the dilution multiple of the metham is 80-100 times;
the metham field is diluted with a proportional fertilizer applicator, and the drip irrigation is performed by connecting the proportional fertilizer applicator to a drip irrigation branch pipe on each drip irrigation tape.
8. The method according to any one of claims 4-7, wherein: and 5), opening the greenhouse for 1 day after closing the greenhouse for 1-2 weeks, and exhausting air for 3 days after removing the film.
9. The method according to any one of claims 4-8, wherein: in the step 5), transplanting the peanut root seedlings to the high ridges, planting 5-6 rows on each high ridge, wherein the row spacing is 5-10 cm, and the planting spacing is 5-10 cm.
10. The method according to any one of claims 4-9, wherein: in the step 5), the chrysanthemum is 'tender' and/or 'magic horse'.
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