CN109161059A - A kind of complete biological controlled degradation multifunctional agricultural weeding soil moisture conservation mulch - Google Patents
A kind of complete biological controlled degradation multifunctional agricultural weeding soil moisture conservation mulch Download PDFInfo
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- CN109161059A CN109161059A CN201811072577.8A CN201811072577A CN109161059A CN 109161059 A CN109161059 A CN 109161059A CN 201811072577 A CN201811072577 A CN 201811072577A CN 109161059 A CN109161059 A CN 109161059A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
- A01G13/0275—Films
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2303/00—Characterised by the use of starch, amylose or amylopectin or of their derivatives or degradation products
- C08J2303/04—Starch derivatives
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2401/00—Characterised by the use of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives
- C08J2401/08—Cellulose derivatives
- C08J2401/26—Cellulose ethers
- C08J2401/28—Alkyl ethers
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2405/00—Characterised by the use of polysaccharides or of their derivatives not provided for in groups C08J2401/00 or C08J2403/00
- C08J2405/04—Alginic acid; Derivatives thereof
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- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2433/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2439/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a single or double bond to nitrogen or by a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2439/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of monomers containing heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as ring member
- C08J2439/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of N-vinyl-pyrrolidones
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2471/00—Characterised by the use of polyethers obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2471/02—Polyalkylene oxides
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2479/00—Characterised by the use of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen, or carbon only, not provided for in groups C08J2461/00 - C08J2477/00
- C08J2479/02—Polyamines
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2489/00—Characterised by the use of proteins; Derivatives thereof
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K13/00—Use of mixtures of ingredients not covered by one single of the preceding main groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C08K13/02—Organic and inorganic ingredients
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/32—Phosphorus-containing compounds
- C08K2003/321—Phosphates
- C08K2003/324—Alkali metal phosphate
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of complete biological controlled degradation multifunctional agricultural weeding soil moisture conservation mulches, by weight percentage, it is made by following raw material: dandelion extract, de-fatted soybean dregs, modified polyamide-amine, modified starch 17 ~ 33, micro- crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone, zein, carboxymethyl cellulose, modified polypropene acid copolymer, sodium alginate, carob, polyoxyethylene/polyoxypropylene copolymer, modified polyacrylate sodium, acetophenone, sodium tripolyphosphate, calgon, succinic anhydride.Agricultural mulching disclosed by the invention can be by the control degree of cross linking come the purpose of controlled degradation rate; not only there is heat preservation, moisture-keeping functions; and energy complete biodegradable after use; eliminate pollution of the common ground film residual fragment to soil; have effects that weeding outstanding, insect prevention, the dosage of chemical fertilizer and pesticide can be greatly lowered, reduce cost; ecological environment is protected simultaneously, and preserve soil moisture weeding.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of agricultural mulching, in particular to a kind of complete biological controlled degradation multifunctional agricultural weeding soil moisture conservation ground
Film.
Background technique
Since early 1950s, with the development of plastics industry, Japan and European and American developed countries start plastics
Film is applied in agricultural production.The heating of covering with ground sheeting, water retaining function leads to increasing crop yield and the area crop Shi Zuo expands, should
Item technology brings the change of mode of agriculture and the leap of agricultural productive force.Although China just opens from late 1970s
Begin to carry out correlative study, just starts the 1980s for mulch to be applied to agricultural production, but application area and range are later
On residence, have become the maximum country of plastic film mulching cultivation area.Not only scale is big for Chinese plastic film mulching cultivation, the crop being related to
Type is also very much.At present, it is high and cold cool, arid and semi-arid area, film-mulching technique gradually promotes the use of more than 40
In the plantation of kind crops, especially it is widely used in terms of vegetables, corn and cotton planting, in the trend of sustainable growth.With
Mulch application range expand, side effect also displays therewith, and the continuous accumulation of residual film especially in soil, residual film is not only
Contaminated soil interferes farming, destroys topsoil structure, and hinder liquid manure transporting, influences soil permeability and crop is raw
Long development, constitutes significant threat to agricultural environment.
It, being capable of longer-term persistence in the soil under field conditions (factors) since mulch molecular weight is big, performance is stablized.Remain agricultural film pair
Agricultural production and environment all have biggish side effect, and being mainly manifested in influences agricultural land soil characteristic, crop growth, farming
In terms of operating and cause the domestic animals such as ox, sheep to eat death by mistake.The aggregation of residual film hinders the migration of soil capillary water and the infiltration of precipitation
Thoroughly, adverse effect is all generated to the soil weight, porosity and permeability, causes soil hardening, soil fertility decline.Since residual film influences
With the destruction of soil physical and chemical property, necessarily cause agronomic crop seed germination difficult, root growth and development is obstructed, crop growth hair
It educates suppressed.Meanwhile residual film buffer action influences crops normal absorption nutrient, influences fertilizer utilization efficiency, causes under yield
Limitation due to recycling residual film drops, in addition processing recycling residual film is not thorough, the residual film that partially cleans out abandon in field, water channel,
In forest belt, ecological environment is influenced, causes " visual pollution ".Residual film is also possible to be wrapped on colter and seeder wheel disc, influences field
Between operation.In addition the fragment of residual film can also mix with the stalk and feed of crops, after the domestic animals such as cattle and sheep are eaten by mistake, can lead to
Functions of intestines and stomach is bad, can cause livestock dead when serious, and cattle and sheep remain in the mulch in farmland and dead due to eating by mistake.Due to mulch
It is not easily decomposed, the mulch remained in agricultural land soil can generate serial adverse effect to soil characteristic, most importantly residual ground
Film will hinder the infiltration of soil capillary water, precipitation and irrigation water on plough horizon and surface layer, influence the hygroscopicity of soil, thus
The movement for hindering Soil Water, causes moisture movement speed to slow down, and moisture penetration amount is reduced.The mulch of residual in the soil
It is also possible to decline soil porosity, permeability reduces, and destroys the normal circulation and friendship of agricultural land soil air to a certain extent
It changes, and then influences edaphon normal activity, reduce soil fertility level.On Xinjiang and other places, residual film is also possible to lead to underground
It is seeped below shipwreck, causes Pedotransfer function etc..Compared with common polythene mulch, there is also production costs for degradative plastic film
It is high, ground mulching part is asynchronous with native Partial digestion induction period is buried, product degradation is incomplete or mechanical property and water resistance compared with
The problems such as poor.But as the mankind are to the pay attention to day by day of environmental protection, and the development of material science and technological level, Developing Green
Environment-friendly type mulch produce product Subcommittee-to system and exploitation, using biomass as the Biodegradable mulch of primary raw material with substituting traditional polyethylene
Film and elimination the farmland white pollution as caused by discarded mulch will be the trend of agriculture agricultural film development.
China Patent Publication No.: " CN102942770A " discloses one kind can be with the agricultural mulching of complete biodegradable, should
Mulch can be with complete biodegradable, and the influence to environment is small, a kind of agricultural mulching of green, but but at high cost, mechanical property,
The problems such as water resistance is poor, at high price, and film forming ductility is poor still has, and mulch film function is single, and being unable to satisfy actually makes
Demand.China Patent Publication No.: " CN102492203A " discloses a kind of light-biological double-degradation agricultural film, production
Due to addition photosensitizer and Bacillus natto powder and mineral powder in the polyethylene raw material of farm-oriented mulch, being allowed to can be on farmland because photosensitive
Agent is acted on by natural daylight and causes altered chemical structure (molecular weight and molecular weight), and the strength of materials reduces, and rhegma occurs, is crushed, but
It has a single function, cannot be degradable, broken diaphragm has very big harm, the practical purpose not up to degraded.
Those skilled in the art urgently develop, and raw material sources are extensive, the agriculture of controllable full-biodegradable, functional diversity
With film, to meet the higher use demand in agricultural production, and it is further reduced harm caused by Plastic-film pollution.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is being directed to existing problem, a kind of complete biological controlled degradation multifunctional agricultural weeding guarantor is provided
Moisture in the soil mulch.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
A kind of complete biological controlled degradation multifunctional agricultural weeding soil moisture conservation mulch, be made by the raw material of following parts by weight: dandelion mentions
Take 21 ~ 43 parts of object, 3 ~ 11 parts of de-fatted soybean dregs, 0.3 ~ 2.7 part of modified polyamide-amine, 17 ~ 33 parts of modified starch, micro- crosslinking poly-
1.3 ~ 4.7 parts of vinylpyrrolidone, 3 ~ 11 parts of zein, 3.3 ~ 4.7 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose, modified polypropene acid copolymer
17.5 ~ 24.5 parts, 4.3 ~ 7.1 parts of sodium alginate, 1.2 ~ 3.3 parts of carob, 3 ~ 24 parts of polyoxyethylene/polyoxypropylene copolymer 1,
4.5 ~ 6.7 parts of modified polyacrylate sodium, 0.1 ~ 0.4 part of acetophenone, 0.01 ~ 0.1 part of sodium tripolyphosphate, calgon 0.01 ~
0.2 part, 0.01 ~ 0.1 part of succinic anhydride.
Further, micro- crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone is vinylpyrrolidone monomer and other cross-linkable monomers
Cross-linked polymeric is made, one of cross-linkable monomer EDMA, DAP, TAC, TAIC, TMPT or a variety of.
Further, the modified polypropene acid copolymer is that acrylic acid is bonded pentaerythrite allyl ether copolymer and propylene
The mixture of acid and allylsucrose ether cross-linked polymer is modified through borax, triethanolamine to obtain the final product.
Further, modified form sediment is by starch suspension in phosphate solution, to stir the mixture for 10 ~ 30min, filtering,
Filter cake using being air-dried or being dried at 60 ~ 75 DEG C to aqueous 5% ~ 10%, then heating reaction to get.
Further, the modified polyacrylate sodium is to be total to by silane coupling agent containing double bonds with acrylic compounds
Poly- reaction, obtains organic-silicon-modified polyacrylic acid, then neutralizes to obtain by adding sodium hydroxide solution.
Further, the lotion for the extraction latex that dandelion extract is Russian dandelion growth period 3 years or more；Institute
The raw material stated further includes sodium sulphate, citric acid, lactic acid, sodium hydroxide, water.
Further, the modified polyamide-amine is the water-soluble dendrimer of the polyamide-amide of modification of chitosan, tool
Preparation is that the acrylic acid of 20 parts of the addition in the beaker of 40 parts of distilled water shakes up, and weighs 0.4 part according to the amount of acrylic acid
NaOH is added in the beaker for filling 20 parts of water, is then stirred, and is allowed to be completely dissolved, and magnetic agitation is then carried out, in 10 minutes
NaOH solution is slowly added into the aqueous solution of acrylic acid, adjust arrive certain pH=7.3 ~ 8.5, be added 50 parts of chitosans in
In reaction kettle, above-mentioned acrylic acid solution is poured into reaction kettle, then carries out oil bath heating under stirring, reaction terminates
The pH to 10 or so of reaction solution is adjusted with NaOH solution afterwards, centrifuge separation takes supernatant liquid, modification of chitosan is obtained after dry, then
51.3 parts of ethylenediamines are dissolved in 18.5 parts of anhydrous methanols, 50.4 parts of methyl acrylates are slowly added dropwise thereto, at room temperature magnetic
Power is stirred to react vacuum distillation for 24 hours and removes methanol and excessive methyl acrylate, obtains prepolymer, then 11.5 parts of prepolymers are dissolved in
In 32.5 parts of anhydrous methanols, then 37.2 parts of ethylenediamines are slowly added dropwise thereto, magnetic agitation reacts 48h at room temperature, and decompression is steamed
Methanol and excessive ethylenediamine are removed in distillation, obtain PAMAM2.0, are dissolved in 20mL chloroform for 7.5 parts of modification of chitosan for what is obtained
In, 1.5 parts of PAMAMG2.0 are dissolved in 200mLV (CHCl3): V (CH3OH)=4:1 solution, then modification of chitosan liquid is molten
Liquid is slowly dropped in the mixed solution of PAMAMG2.0, and three drop 1:1 hydrochloric acid solutions are added dropwise, and reacts 48h in 60 DEG C of constant temperature water baths.
Solution is transparent always, is then evaporated under reduced pressure concentrate solution, obtained polyamide-amide-chitosan dendrimer, i.e., modified polyamides
Amine-amine.
A kind of complete biological controlled degradation multifunctional agricultural weeding soil moisture conservation mulch, preparation method includes the following steps: one, claiming
Each raw material, and the zein ethanol solution for being 10% by zein and 80% ethanol solution mixed preparing mass percentage are measured, then
0.01 ~ 0.1 part of sodium tripolyphosphate and 0.01 ~ 0.1 part of calgon and 0.01 ~ 0.1 part of succinic anhydride is added, then side
Stirring side is warming up to 75 DEG C, and keeps 10min, be during which added dropwise 0.1 ~ 0.5 part of mass concentration 5% citric acid and 0.2 ~
The lactic acid of 0.5 part of mass concentration 2.5% obtains modified corn protein ethanol；Two, by modified starch and water mixed preparing quality
The modified starch aqueous solution that percentage composition is 8%, 3 ~ 6min of microwave treatment, then warming while stirring is added 1 ~ 3 part to 60 DEG C
Sodium sulphate is stirring evenly and then adding into the NaOH of mass concentration 0.1 ~ 1% and keeps 5 ~ 10min, obtains modified starch dextrin；Three,
Into the modified starch dextrin that step 2 obtains, addition modified polyacrylate sodium, micro- crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone, degreasing are big
Dregs of beans and remaining calgon, are cooled to 30 DEG C, after being stirred to react 0.5 ~ 1h, after mixing with modified corn protein solution, add
Enter modified polyamide-amine, sodium alginate, carboxymethyl cellulose, acetophenone, melon bean gum and carries out 150 ~ 500mJ/ after mixing evenly
Cm2 UV crosslinking handles 1 ~ 5s, and dandelion extract, polyoxyethylene/polyoxypropylene copolymer are added afterwards, must be film-made slurry；Four, will
The film slurry that step 3 obtains is cooled to room temperature, then vacuum defoamation, then tiling is cast on stainless steel by film slurry, so
It is red to be placed on 50 DEG C of constant temperature first through 150 ~ 500mJ/cm2,10 ~ 40s of ultraviolet irradiation for the stainless steel board slot with film slurry afterwards
0.5h in outer drying box, then takes out, and is crushed, and squeezes out, and stretches film forming, double after material after drying specially to be put into preheating
Enter curtain coating machine travel film forming in spiral shell Wilsonii extruder, after melt extrusion, longitudinal stretching is carried out to casting films after annealing, is given birth to entirely
Object controlled degradation multifunctional agricultural weeding soil moisture conservation mulch extruder adds material traction film forming when being preheated to 135 ~ 180 DEG C when,
Die head temperature be set as 160 ~ 185 DEG C, casting roller speed be set as after 10 ~ 30m/min, 100 DEG C of annealing 10min again to casting films into
Row longitudinal stretching stretches speed ratio and is set as 2 ~ 3.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
In a kind of preparation process of full fully bio-degradable edibility agricultural mulching provided by the invention, dendritic high score is applied
Son has rod-like conformation and nanostructure, can be used as virus, bacterial adhesion inhibitor, can also be used as lubricant, and shell is poly-
The tree-like derivative of sugar is the grafting functional molecular radical on the amino of chitosan, which combines the nothing of chitosan
Poison, biocompatibility and biological degradability.Chitosan can be used as the trunk and major branch of dendrimer, and functional molecular can be used as
The leaf and flower of tree-like material.The water-soluble tree-like chitosan molecule of the dendrimer of modified polyamide-amine (PAMAM) promotes
Plastic-film disintegration.Zein is the alcohol soluble protein obtained from corn, for the faint yellow graininess amorphous powder to lark or
Flakelet is practically insoluble in water, complete biodegradable, derives from corn gluten, and raw material sources are extensive.UV crosslinking drying and moulding
The surface that method prepares sample is relatively smooth, is being conducive to industrialized production by melting extrusion.In terms of mechanical property, extrusion molding
The tensile strength and elongation at break of method preparation blend film are all higher.
Protein UV crosslinking can crosslink effect simultaneously, and UV crosslinking can occur after ray UV crosslinking for protein
Crosslinking, sulfhydryl oxidase generate intramolecular or intermolecular disulfide bond and can also be coupled and be sent out by the phenyl ring of tyrosine and phenylalanine
It is raw.UV crosslinking crosslinking causes protein that cohesion occurs, or even some undissolved aggregations occurs.
Agricultural mulching disclosed by the invention another advantage is that moisture and fertilizer can be saved.In practical application, for
Using the soil of covering with ground sheeting of the present invention, irrigation water reduces 50 ~ 80%.Fertilizer is applied to plant growth by irrigation system.
Because of the reduction of water consumption, the dosage of fertilizer will also be reduced, and reduce 40% compared with direct fertilising is to exposed soil, moreover,
The fertilizer flowed in rivers and lakes decreases, and produces positive influences to environment.In addition, the use for reducing nitrogenous fertilizer also contributes to
The carbon in soil is kept, prevents from being discharged in the form of carbon dioxide.
Agricultural mulching one disclosed by the invention contributes to the lateral growth of root system of plant the advantages of not being contemplated to.This
To the plant general advantageous under temperate climate, since " greenhouse effects " keep the temperature of topsoil higher.The raising of temperature activates
Beneficial microbe, and then improve the effective rate of utilization of nutriment in soil.Further benefit is that the present invention discloses
Agricultural mulching the water that soil evaporation under film goes out can be concentrated, then water droplet gets off to supply crop this avoid unwanted salt
In the abnormal concentration of soil surface.The growth of weeds can consume the nutriment in soil for crop growth, usual people
Weeds are controlled by herbicide.For the antiweed cereal crops improved by genetic engineering at present there is also dispute,
And agricultural mulching disclosed by the invention is total because using modified polyamide-amine, crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone, modified polyacrylic acid
Polymers has inhibiting effect to weeds.For this problem, the method easy to operate without generating the inhibition weeds of dispute is exactly
Use farming land embrane method.
Under mulching film edge is bent to, film must securely flexible be prevented by damage.By passing agriculture disclosed by the invention
It is able to maintain stabilization in processing, operation process with mulch, therefore can be used always.But common polyolefin plastics is used as this hair
After bright disclosed agricultural mulching or channel, residue can have in the soil many years with big fragment, not only interfere plant in this way
Growth, but also can have potential injury for herbivore.Therefore, these annual fragments must before next season plants from
It is removed in soil, otherwise interferes with the growth of root, yield is caused to decline.Agricultural mulching disclosed by the invention has " self-destruction " special
Property, therefore can significantly reduce cost.And nowadays many crops realize the part solar energy turn from soil absorption
Turn to heat, and be covered on the plastic foil on soil and play the role of a part " greenhouse ", abiotic peroxidating process and
Biological oxidation process will act synergistically, to increase the bio assimilated rate of remaining mulch.
The present invention has the advantage that compared with prior art
Agricultural mulching disclosed by the invention has the characteristics that composite highly effective, ecologically clean and hereditary safety.Usage amount is huge
Big Cheap multi-functional degradable mulch raw material solve white pollution problems, have reached agricultural production and income, resource comprehensive
The purpose utilized.It not only has the heat absorption of plastic film heat, preserve soil moisture, the effect of keeping a full stand of seedings, can will be native there are also stronger adhesive capacity
Grain is coupled to ideal aggregate.It can be degenerated using straw and be decomposed into humic acid, thoroughly solve mulch to soil and ring
Border pollution, turns over after and buries, can become soil conditioner.Without adding industrial pigment, save the cost, and there is antibiotic effect,
With stronger flexibility and waterproofness, and there is packaging function and edible function.
Specific embodiment
Illustrate the present invention with specific embodiment below, but is not limitation of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
A kind of complete biological controlled degradation multifunctional agricultural weeding soil moisture conservation mulch, be made by the raw material of following parts by weight: dandelion mentions
Take 38 parts of object, 8 parts of de-fatted soybean dregs, 2.1 parts of modified polyamide-amine, 23 parts of modified starch, micro- crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone
2.9 parts, 8 parts of zein, 4.5 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose, 9.9 parts of modified polyacrylic acid copolymer 1,5.1 parts of sodium alginate, carob
1.6 parts of glue, 5 parts of polyoxyethylene/polyoxypropylene copolymer 1,6.5 parts of modified polyacrylate sodium, 0.3 part of acetophenone, tripolyphosphate
0.1 part of sodium, 0.2 part of calgon, 0.1 part of succinic anhydride.
Further, micro- crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone is vinylpyrrolidone monomer and other cross-linkable monomers
Cross-linked polymeric is made, one of cross-linkable monomer EDMA, DAP, TAC, TAIC, TMPT or a variety of.
Further, the modified polypropene acid copolymer is that acrylic acid is bonded pentaerythrite allyl ether copolymer and propylene
The mixture of acid and allylsucrose ether cross-linked polymer is modified through borax, triethanolamine to obtain the final product.
Further, modified form sediment is by starch suspension in phosphate solution, to stir the mixture for 20min, is filtered, filter
Cake using being air-dried or being dried at 60 ~ 75 DEG C to aqueous 5% ~ 10%, then heating reaction to get.
Further, the modified polyacrylate sodium is to be total to by silane coupling agent containing double bonds with acrylic compounds
Poly- reaction, obtains organic-silicon-modified polyacrylic acid, then neutralizes to obtain by adding sodium hydroxide solution.
Further, the lotion for the extraction latex that dandelion extract is Russian dandelion growth period 3 years or more；Institute
The raw material stated further includes sodium sulphate, citric acid, lactic acid, sodium hydroxide, water.
Further, the modified polyamide-amine is the water-soluble dendrimer of the polyamide-amide of modification of chitosan, tool
Preparation is that the acrylic acid of 20 parts of the addition in the beaker of 40 parts of distilled water shakes up, and weighs 0.4 part according to the amount of acrylic acid
NaOH is added in the beaker for filling 20 parts of water, is then stirred, and is allowed to be completely dissolved, and magnetic agitation is then carried out, in 10 minutes
NaOH solution is slowly added into the aqueous solution of acrylic acid, adjust arrive certain pH=7.3 ~ 8.5, be added 50 parts of chitosans in
In reaction kettle, above-mentioned acrylic acid solution is poured into reaction kettle, then carries out oil bath heating under stirring, reaction terminates
The pH to 10 or so of reaction solution is adjusted with NaOH solution afterwards, centrifuge separation takes supernatant liquid, modification of chitosan is obtained after dry, then
51.3 parts of ethylenediamines are dissolved in 18.5 parts of anhydrous methanols, 50.4 parts of methyl acrylates are slowly added dropwise thereto, at room temperature magnetic
Power is stirred to react vacuum distillation for 24 hours and removes methanol and excessive methyl acrylate, obtains prepolymer, then 11.5 parts of prepolymers are dissolved in
In 32.5 parts of anhydrous methanols, then 37.2 parts of ethylenediamines are slowly added dropwise thereto, magnetic agitation reacts 48h at room temperature, and decompression is steamed
Methanol and excessive ethylenediamine are removed in distillation, obtain PAMAM2.0, are dissolved in 20mL chloroform for 7.5 parts of modification of chitosan for what is obtained
In, 1.5 parts of PAMAMG2.0 are dissolved in 200mLV (CHCl3): V (CH3OH)=4:1 solution, then modification of chitosan liquid is molten
Liquid is slowly dropped in the mixed solution of PAMAMG2.0, and three drop 1:1 hydrochloric acid solutions are added dropwise, and reacts 48h in 60 DEG C of constant temperature water baths.
Solution is transparent always, is then evaporated under reduced pressure concentrate solution, obtained polyamide-amide-chitosan dendrimer, i.e., modified polyamides
Amine-amine.
A kind of complete biological controlled degradation multifunctional agricultural weeding soil moisture conservation mulch, preparation method includes the following steps: one, claiming
Each raw material, and the zein ethanol solution for being 10% by zein and 80% ethanol solution mixed preparing mass percentage are measured, then
0.1 part of sodium tripolyphosphate and 0.1 part of calgon, 0.1 part of succinic anhydride, then warming while stirring to 75 is added
DEG C, and 10min is kept, the cream of the citric acid of 0.4 part of mass concentration 5% and 0.3 part of mass concentration 2.5% is during which added dropwise
Acid obtains modified corn protein ethanol；Two, the modified starch for being 8% by modified starch and water mixed preparing mass percentage
Aqueous solution, microwave treatment 5min, then warming while stirring is added 2 parts of sodium sulphate, it is dense to be stirring evenly and then adding into quality to 60 DEG C
The NaOH of degree 0.1 ~ 1% simultaneously keeps 10min, obtains modified starch dextrin；Three, the modified starch dextrin obtained to step 2
Middle addition modified polyacrylate sodium, micro- crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone, de-fatted soybean dregs and remaining calgon, are cooled to
30 DEG C, after being stirred to react 0.5 ~ 1h, after mixing with modified corn protein solution, modified polyamide-amine, sodium alginate, carboxylic first is added
Base cellulose, acetophenone, melon bean gum carry out 300mJ/cm2 UV crosslinking after mixing evenly and handle 1 ~ 5s, and rear addition dandelion mentions
Object, polyoxyethylene/polyoxypropylene copolymer are taken, slurry must be film-made；Four, the film slurry that step 3 obtains is cooled to room temperature, then
Vacuum defoamation, then by film slurry, tiling is cast on stainless steel, then first passes through the stainless steel board slot with film slurry
300mJ/cm2 ultraviolet irradiation 30s is placed on 0.5h in 50 DEG C of constant temperature infrared drying oven, then takes out, and is crushed, and squeezes out, and stretches
Film forming specially puts into material after drying in double spiral shell Wilsonii extruders after preheating, and curtain coating machine travel is entered after melt extrusion
Film forming carries out longitudinal stretching to casting films after annealing, obtains complete biological controlled degradation multifunctional agricultural weeding soil moisture conservation mulch and squeezes out
Machine adds material traction film forming when being preheated to 135 ~ 180 DEG C when, die head temperature is set as 160 ~ 185 DEG C, the setting of casting roller speed
To carry out longitudinal stretching to casting films again after 20m/min, 100 DEG C of annealing 10min, stretches speed ratio and be set as 3.
Embodiment 2
A kind of complete biological controlled degradation multifunctional agricultural weeding soil moisture conservation mulch, be made by the raw material of following parts by weight: dandelion mentions
Take 38 parts of object, 11 parts of de-fatted soybean dregs, 2.7 parts of modified polyamide-amine, 28 parts of modified starch, micro- crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone
4.6 parts, 10 parts of zein, 3.9 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose, 24 parts of modified polypropene acid copolymer, 6 parts of sodium alginate, carob 3
Part, 9 parts of polyoxyethylene/polyoxypropylene copolymer 1,5.6 parts of modified polyacrylate sodium, 0.3 part of acetophenone, sodium tripolyphosphate 0.1
Part, 0.2 part of calgon, 0.1 part of succinic anhydride.
Other preparation steps, raw material sources are same as Example 1.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example compared with Example 2, weighs in step in raw material, saves modified polyamide-amine component, method in addition to this
Step is all the same.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example compared with Example 2, weighs in step in raw material, saves modified starch component, method and step in addition to this
It is all the same.
Comparative example 3
This comparative example compared with Example 2, weighs in step in raw material, saves de-fatted soybean dregs ingredient, method step in addition to this
It is rapid all the same.
Comparative example 4
This comparative example compared with Example 2, weighs in step in raw material, saves zein ingredient, and method and step in addition to this is equal
It is identical.
Comparative example 5
This comparative example compared with Example 2, weighs in step in raw material, saves carboxymethylcellulose component, method in addition to this
Step is all the same.
Comparative example 6
This comparative example compared with Example 2, weighs in step in raw material, saves modified polyacrylic acid copolymer composition, in addition to this
Method and step it is all the same.
Comparative example 7
This comparative example compared with Example 2, weighs in step in raw material, saves modified polyacrylate sodium ingredient, side in addition to this
Method step is all the same.
Comparative example 8
This comparative example compared with Example 2, weighs in step in raw material, saves carob ingredient, and method and step in addition to this is equal
It is identical.
Comparative example 9
This comparative example compared with Example 2, weighs in step in raw material, saves sodium alginate ingredient, method and step in addition to this
It is all the same.
Comparative example 10
This comparative example compared with Example 2, weighs in step in raw material, saves polyoxyethylene/polyoxypropylene copolymer composition, removes
Furthermore method and step is all the same.
The performance test of 1 embodiment and comparative example farm weeding of table soil moisture conservation mulch
Note: going up uncoiling described in table 1 is under test conditions that agricultural mulching surface should be adhered to without droplet, or only locally have small
Droplet attachment.Experimental condition is that 200mL, 23 DEG C ± 2 DEG C of water, with three pieces of area phases are respectively added in the beaker of three 1000mL
Rim of a cup downwards, is covered tightly respectively and keeps film surface smooth by same agricultural mulching, adhesion, is put into about 1 DEG C of cryogenic box and is kept permanent
Temperature.The attachment state of agricultural mulching surface water drops is observed after 10min.Three pieces of samples should all meet performance requirement.It is big that whether there is or not water droplets
Area is attached to agricultural mulching surface；Compost Biodegradation experiment: by above-mentioned obtained each group agricultural mulching according to GB/
T19277.2-2013 carries out compost degradation experiment, strict temperature control, moisture is wanted in experimentation, and test period is 50 days.
Other is routine test standard.
The mechanical property of agricultural mulching made from treatment process of the present invention, biodegradability obtain it can be seen from upper table 1
Effective improvement is arrived, while its tensile strength, angle tear strength, anti-fog properties, herbicidal control are preferably, effect is obvious.
Claims (8)
- The mulch 1. a kind of complete biological controlled degradation multifunctional agricultural weeding preserves soil moisture, which is characterized in that by the raw material of following parts by weight It is made: 21 ~ 43 parts of dandelion extract, 3 ~ 11 parts of de-fatted soybean dregs, 0.3 ~ 2.7 part of modified polyamide-amine, modified starch 17 ~ 33 parts, it is 1.3 ~ 4.7 parts of micro- crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone, 3 ~ 11 parts of zein, 3.3 ~ 4.7 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose, modified poly- 17.5 ~ 24.5 parts of acrylic copolymer, 4.3 ~ 7.1 parts of sodium alginate, 1.2 ~ 3.3 parts of carob, polyoxyethylene/polyoxypropylene are total 13 ~ 24 parts of polymers, 4.5 ~ 6.7 parts of modified polyacrylate sodium, 0.1 ~ 0.4 part of acetophenone, 0.01 ~ 0.1 part of sodium tripolyphosphate, six are partially 0.01 ~ 0.2 part of sodium phosphate, 0.01 ~ 0.1 part of succinic anhydride.
- The mulch 2. a kind of complete biological controlled degradation multifunctional agricultural weeding according to claim 1 preserves soil moisture, which is characterized in that Micro- crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone is that vinylpyrrolidone monomer and cross-linkable monomer cross-linked polymeric are made, bridging property list Body is one of EDMA, DAP, TAC, TAIC, TMPT or a variety of.
- The mulch 3. a kind of complete biological controlled degradation multifunctional agricultural weeding according to claim 1 preserves soil moisture, which is characterized in that The modified polypropene acid copolymer is that acrylic acid is bonded pentaerythrite allyl ether copolymer and acrylic acid and allylsucrose ether The mixture of cross-linked polymer is modified through borax, triethanolamine to obtain the final product.
- The mulch 4. a kind of complete biological controlled degradation multifunctional agricultural weeding according to claim 1 preserves soil moisture, which is characterized in that Modified form sediment is by starch suspension in phosphate solution, to stir the mixture for 10 ~ 30min, and filtering, filter cake is used and is air-dried Or dry at 60 ~ 75 DEG C to aqueous 5% ~ 10%, then heating reaction to get.
- The mulch 5. a kind of complete biological controlled degradation multifunctional agricultural weeding according to claim 1 preserves soil moisture, which is characterized in that The modified polyacrylate sodium is to obtain organosilicon by silane coupling agent containing double bonds and acrylic compounds copolyreaction Then modified polyacrylic acid neutralizes to obtain by adding sodium hydroxide solution.
- The mulch 6. a kind of complete biological controlled degradation multifunctional agricultural weeding according to claim 1 preserves soil moisture, which is characterized in that The lotion for the extraction latex that dandelion extract is Russian dandelion growth period 3 years or more；The raw material further includes sulfuric acid Sodium, citric acid, lactic acid, sodium hydroxide, water.
- The mulch 7. a kind of complete biological controlled degradation multifunctional agricultural weeding according to claim 1 preserves soil moisture, which is characterized in that Modified polyamide-the amine is the water-soluble dendrimer of the polyamide-amide of modification of chitosan, and specific preparation method is at 40 parts 20 parts of acrylic acid is added in the beaker of distilled water to shake up, 0.4 part of NaOH is weighed according to the amount of acrylic acid is added to and fill 20 parts It in the beaker of water, then stirs, is allowed to be completely dissolved, then carry out magnetic agitation, be slowly added to NaOH solution in 10 minutes Into the aqueous solution of acrylic acid, adjusts and arrive certain pH=7.3 ~ 8.5,50 parts of chitosans are added in reaction kettle, by above-mentioned third Olefin(e) acid solution pours into reaction kettle, then carries out oil bath heating under stirring, is adjusted after reaction with NaOH solution anti- The pH of liquid to 10 or so is answered, is centrifugated, supernatant liquid is taken, obtains modification of chitosan after dry, then 51.3 parts of ethylenediamines are dissolved in In 18.5 parts of anhydrous methanols, 50.4 parts of methyl acrylates are slowly added dropwise thereto, decompression is steamed for 24 hours for magnetic agitation reaction at room temperature Methanol and excessive methyl acrylate are removed in distillation, obtain prepolymer, then 11.5 parts of prepolymers are dissolved in 32.5 parts of anhydrous methanols, then 37.2 parts of ethylenediamines are slowly added dropwise thereto, magnetic agitation reacts 48h at room temperature, and vacuum distillation removes methanol and excessive second Diamines obtains PAMAM2.0,7.5 parts of modification of chitosan is dissolved in 20mL chloroform by what is obtained, 1.5 parts of PAMAMG2.0 are molten It is slowly dropped in 200mLV (CHCl3): V (CH3OH)=4:1 solution, then by modification of chitosan liquid solution In the mixed solution of PAMAMG2.0, three drop 1:1 hydrochloric acid solutions are added dropwise, react 48h in 60 DEG C of constant temperature water baths.Solution is transparent always, Then it is evaporated under reduced pressure concentrate solution, obtained polyamide-amide-chitosan dendrimer, i.e. modified polyamide-amine.
- The mulch 8. a kind of complete biological controlled degradation multifunctional agricultural weeding according to claim 1 preserves soil moisture, which is characterized in that Preparation method includes the following steps: one, weighing each raw material, and by zein and 80% ethanol solution mixed preparing quality percentage The zein ethanol solution that content is 10%, adds 0.01 ~ 0.1 part of sodium tripolyphosphate and 0.01 ~ 0.1 part of calgon With 0.01 ~ 0.1 part of succinic anhydride, then warming while stirring is to 75 DEG C, and keeps 10min, is during which added dropwise 0.1 ~ 0.5 The citric acid of the mass concentration 5% of part and the lactic acid of 0.2 ~ 0.5 part of mass concentration 2.5%, obtain modified corn protein ethanol； Two, the modified starch aqueous solution for being 8% by modified starch and water mixed preparing mass percentage, 3 ~ 6min of microwave treatment, so It is warming up to 60 DEG C while stirring afterwards, 1 ~ 3 part of sodium sulphate is added, is stirring evenly and then adding into the NaOH of mass concentration 0.1 ~ 1% and holding 5 ~ 10min obtains modified starch dextrin；Three, modified polyacrylic acid is added into the modified starch dextrin that step 2 obtains Sodium, micro- crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone, de-fatted soybean dregs and remaining calgon, are cooled to 30 DEG C, it is stirred to react 0.5 ~ After 1h, after mixing with modified corn protein solution, modified polyamide-amine, sodium alginate, carboxymethyl cellulose, acetophenone, melon is added Bean gum carry out after mixing evenly 150 ~ 500mJ/cm2 UV crosslinking handle 1 ~ 5s, afterwards be added dandelion extract, polyoxyethylene/ Poiyoxypropylene copolymer must be film-made slurry；Four, the film slurry that step 3 obtains is cooled to room temperature, then vacuum defoamation, then will system Tiling curtain coating, the stainless steel board slot that then will have film slurry are first ultraviolet through 150 ~ 500mJ/cm2 on stainless steel for film slurry 10 ~ 40s is irradiated, 0.5h in 50 DEG C of constant temperature infrared drying oven is placed on, then takes out, is crushed, is squeezed out, stretches film forming, specifically It is put into double spiral shell Wilsonii extruders after preheating for material after drying, curtain coating machine travel film forming is entered after melt extrusion, is annealed Longitudinal stretching is carried out to casting films afterwards, complete biological controlled degradation multifunctional agricultural weeding soil moisture conservation mulch extruder is obtained and is preheated to Added at 135 ~ 180 DEG C material traction film forming when, die head temperature be set as 160 ~ 185 DEG C, casting roller speed be set as 10 ~ 30m/ Longitudinal stretching is carried out to casting films again after min, 100 DEG C of annealing 10min, speed ratio is stretched and is set as 2 ~ 3.
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| CN114850193A (en) * | 2022-05-20 | 2022-08-05 | 渭南市农业技术推广中心 | Method for controlling degradation speed of agricultural biodegradable mulching film |
| CN114982536A (en) * | 2021-02-02 | 2022-09-02 | 南京林业大学 | Preparation method of breathable water-drop-free mulching film based on temperature-adjustable air exchange layer |
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| CN113024894A (en) * | 2021-04-06 | 2021-06-25 | 华南农业大学 | Sowable multifunctional gel mulching film for inhibiting weed growth and preparation and application thereof |
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