CN103265385A - Liquid film prepared from crop straw fermentation liquid and application method thereof - Google Patents
Liquid film prepared from crop straw fermentation liquid and application method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a liquid film prepared from crop straw fermentation liquid and an application method thereof. The liquid film comprises the following components in parts by weight: 82-99 parts of raw materials, 11-14 parts of film forming agent, 2-3 parts of plasticizer, 1.3-2.5 parts of crosslinking agent, 0.02-0.05 part of initiator, 0.2-0.3 part of pH regulator and 0.1-0.3 part of additional component, wherein the raw materials include 68-79 parts of crop straw fermentation waste liquid or water, 7-10 parts of bentonite, 2-3 parts of modified starch and 5-7 parts of potassium humate; and the additional component is one or more of crofton weed extraction liquid, potassium nitrate, trace elements and composite microbial agent spore powder. The liquid film disclosed by the invention has the advantages of simple proportioning, simple structure, convenience in use, low cost, low labor intensity and degradability; and after degradation, the liquid film can improve the soil texture and aggregate structure so as to improve the fertilizer efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The mulch film technical field that the present invention relates to use in the agricultural, particularly a kind of liquid film and using method thereof that adopts the preparation of crop material fermented liquid.
Background technology
Membrane covering has been brought into play and has been heated damping, drought-relief, waterlogging-preventing, has improved crop growth environment, improved utilization rate of fertilizer in the agriculture production, in the improvement, the illumination condition of bottom crop, alleviate effects such as weeds and the harm of sick worm, it is extensive use of and has improved output and the agriculture benefit of farm crop, has greatly promoted the development of agriculture production.China in the seventies in 20th century formally from this technology of external introduction, and studied, demonstrated, promoted, usable floor area enlarges year by year, it has not only guaranteed farm crop high-quality, stable and high yields, but also has widened the crop planting zone.At present, plastic film mulching cultivation is generally accepted on more farm crop and is gradually improved, and has contained vegetables, fruit, food crop, cash crop, flowers and plants, sapling etc.The food crop plastic film mulching cultivation generally increases production about 30%, and the cash crop volume increase reaches 20%～60%.In the most of regional particularly limited area of crop production condition in the whole nation, this technology has become the key link in the crop production systems engineering.But the drawback of its existence is simultaneously also paid close attention to by people gradually, as membrane covering production link complexity, take a lot of work, time-consuming, pollute problems such as heavy, that production operation is lack of standardization, cause the performance of soil permeability variation, fertilizer efficiency in advance, the raise easy early ageing, part disease and pest of crop growth middle and later periods soil temperature increases the weight of, also ecotope has been caused bigger " white pollution ", consequent environmental protection negative effect has caused serious concern and the worry of various circles of society, presses for research and produces new pollution-free mulch film to satisfy the demand of agriculture production.
The heat absorption that liquid-state mulch film the has plastic film effect that heats, preserves soil moisture, keeps a full stand of seedings has potent adhesive capacity again, grogs can be coupled to desirable coacervate, improves the boundary of capillarity of soil particle, improves the permeability of soil, becomes soil improvement agent; When improving crop growth environment, both improved the organic matter of soil, protected the soil, solved the problem of white pollution again.It is the new direction that solves an above-mentioned difficult problem.Therefore; make full use of the natural resources from now on; attention is preserved the ecological environment; develop and promote environment-friendly type degradable mulch film and supporting application process and equipment energetically; to reduce culture underglass and the residual disadvantageous effect of bringing of crop material; realizing high crop yield, high-quality, low consumption, nuisanceless, and obtain maximum economic benefits, social benefit, ecological benefits, is to solve restriction China and even world agriculture production STRATEGIES OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT approach at present.
The prior art of liquid-state mulch film, as, Chinese patent application numbers 2006100172658, disclosed a kind of multifunctional degradable liquid-state mulch film and preparation method thereof, main component is starch, vinylformic acid, neutralizing agent (potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide), polyvinyl alcohol, linking agent (N, the N-methylene-bisacrylamide), chain-transfer agent (sodium formiate), initiator (ammonium persulphate or Potassium Persulphate).For another example: 2006101187773 disclosed a kind of degradable mulching products and preparation method thereof, its main composition is: 5000PPM activation dioxide peroxide, ore starch, starchy material and Chinese honey locust natural gum and other gummy powder mix.For another example, disclosed a kind of cross function degradable liquid-state mulch film, preparation method and application of 200810079787X.Its main composition is: polyether glycol-polyvinyl alcohol-salt of poly aspartic acid polymkeric substance, emulsifying agent, dispersion agent, pH regulator agent (ammoniacal liquor, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide), frostproofer.For another example, Chinese patent application 2011100361491 disclosed a kind of biodegradable marine alga liquid-state mulch films and preparation method thereof, its main composition is: Seaweed Extract, polyacrylic acid seaweed gel resin, ligninsulfonate, humic acid, molasses, biochemical fulvic acid salt, Walocel MT 20.000PV.For another example, the disclosed montmorillonite of Chinese patent application 201110457690X, humic acid multifunctional degradable liquid-state mulch film, its group will constitute: montmorillonite, humic acid, potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide, linking agent, membrane-forming agent, water glass, little fertilizer, agricultural chemicals, weedicide.This patented product especially requires fine day to make film, does not make film in the rainy day.(see claim book claim 8, C step).Above-mentioned prior art all has its defective, is specially: 1, simple organic materials goods, 2, film-forming properties is bad, causes bonding soil layer, brings infringement to soil.3, water-soluble after the film forming, raining namely melts, and does not have the effect of mulch film.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the shortcoming that exists in the prior art, provide a kind of proportioning simple, simple in structure and easy to use, with low cost, labour intensity is little, degradable can improve soil soil property and crumb structure after the degraded, increases a kind of liquid film and using method thereof that adopts the preparation of crop material fermented liquid of fertilizer efficiency.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of liquid film that adopts the preparation of crop material fermented liquid, wherein, comprise the following component according to the ratio of weight and number configuration:
Raw material: 82-99 part
Membrane-forming agent: 11-14 part
Softening agent: 2-3 part
Linking agent: 1.3-2.5 part
Initiator: 0.02-0.05 part
PH regulator agent: 0.2-0.3 part
Supplementary component: 0.1-0.3 part
Described raw material is crop material fermented waste fluid or water 68-79 part, wilkinite 7-10 part, treated starch 2-3 part, potassium humate 5-7 part;
Described annexing ingredient is: eupatorium adenophorum extracting solution, urea, saltpetre, trace element, one or more in the complex micro organism fungicide spore powder.
Perhaps, comprise the following component that disposes according to ratio of weight and number:
Raw material: 82-90 part
Membrane-forming agent: 11-13 part
Softening agent: 2-2.5 part
Linking agent: 1.3-2 part
Initiator: 0.02-0.04 part
PH regulator agent: 0.2-0.25 part
Supplementary component: 0.1-0.2 part.
Perhaps, comprise the following component that disposes according to ratio of weight and number:
Raw material: 90-99 part
Membrane-forming agent: 12-14 part
Softening agent: 2.5-3 part
Linking agent: 1.8-2.5 part
Initiator: 0.03-0.05 part
PH regulator agent: 0.25-0.3 part
Supplementary component: 0.2-0.3 part.
Described crop material fermented waste fluid is any or after crushed several in maize straw, wheat stalk, paddy rice, tobacco rod, the bagasse etc., again lixiviate gained behind microbial fermentation; Described potassium humate can be replaced by humic acids or potassium fulvate, and described wilkinite can replace with montmorillonite, and described Zulkovsky starch can replace with carboxymethyl cellulose.
Described linking agent is glutaraldehyde, calcium chloride, urea, Tai-Ace S 150, boric acid, and any or several in borax, the formaldehyde, described initiator is ammonium persulphate and/or sodium bisulfite, and described pH regulator agent is sodium bicarbonate, and described softening agent is glycerol.
Described membrane-forming agent is any or several in polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone or the sodium alginate.
The present invention also can adopt mass percent to prepare, and proportioning is:
1, main raw material(s): crop material fermented waste fluid 68%～79%, wilkinite 7%～10%, treated starch 2%-3%, potassium humate 5%～7%;
2, membrane-forming agent: polyvinyl alcohol 4%～5%, polyvinylpyrrolidone 4%～5%, sodium alginate 3%～4%;
3, softening agent: glycerol 2%～3%;
4, linking agent: glutaraldehyde 1%～2%,
5, initiator: ammonium persulphate 0.02%～0.05%,
6, pH regulator agent: sodium bicarbonate 0.2%～0.3%
7, supplementary component 0.1%～0.3%.
Purpose the invention also discloses a kind of manufacture method that adopts the liquid film of crop material fermented liquid preparation to better implement the present invention, it is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
A, the step of preparation crop material fermented waste fluid: with various crop materials, as corn, wheat, paddy rice, tobacco rod, any or several in the bagasse, segment becomes the 1-2cm particle standby, the control of stalk moisture content is at 45%-55%, moisture content is low excessively, used again after then being soaked in water 2～3 hours, the crop material that segment is the good fermentor tank of packing into, and press stalk weight, be sprinkled into 5% microbial starter culture of stalk weight and 3% urea, check the leavening temperature changing conditions every day, after temperature reaches 50～60 ℃, stir material every day once, treat that 3～5d fermentation is finished after, add 5～7 times of clear water stirring and leaching 3～5h of fermentation material, filter then and namely obtain the crop material fermented waste fluid;
The step of B, raw materials pretreatment: wilkinite and potassium humate are placed water tank, and the mechanical force high-speed stirring is ground and is disperseed 1h, gets wilkinite solution; Take by weighing treated starch, sodium bicarbonate is dissolved in the high-temperature resistant container that fills the crop material fermented waste fluid, stirring is dissolved fully until it, place then under 70 ℃～90 ℃ constant temperature water baths and reacted 40～60 minutes, stirred once in 5 minutes at interval, make its mixing, gelatinization even; Then itself and wilkinite solution are mixed;
The step of C, preparation liquid film: weighing polyvinyl alcohol, put into the container that fills the crop material fermented waste fluid, container is put into 90 ℃～98 ℃ thermostat(t)ed waters polyvinyl alcohol is dissolved fully, stirred once in 5 minutes at interval, this process needs 30～40 minutes, gets polyvinyl alcohol solution; Again will the membrane-forming agent polyvinylpyrrolidone, sodium alginate dissolving back adds polyvinyl alcohol solution, treat that it mixes after, the solution that while hot this has been mixed membrane-forming agent adds in the good waste liquid of step B gelatinization, the thermostatically heating reaction is 30 minutes under 40～60 ℃ of temperature;
D, blending reaction step: linking agent glutaraldehyde, initiator potassium persulfate or ammonium persulphate are dissolved the back fully slowly add in the step C gained solution that mixes, the limit edged stirs, fully thermostatically heating reaction 2～3 hours under 40～60 ℃ of temperature behind the mixing.
Among the above-mentioned preparation method, can omit the A step, directly adopt and replace the crop material fermented waste fluid with the clear water of weights such as crop material fermented waste fluid and get final product, then carry out B, C, the D step gets final product.
Of course, further comprise the steps:
E, the step of adding supplementary component: after the cooling of step D gained solution, add supplementary component: eupatorium adenophorum extracting solution, urea, saltpetre, trace element, any or several in the complex micro organism fungicide spore powder, fully the barrelling sealing is preserved behind the mixing.
Purpose to better implement the present invention, the present invention discloses a kind of using method that adopts the liquid film of crop material fermented liquid preparation again, wherein, comprises the steps:
During use; convert 4～5 times of water dilutions; ground coating solution after the dilution requires selectivity to add to spray or water behind biological pesticide such as microbiobacterial agent, plant extraction liquid and the nutrients such as urea, saltpetre to impose on soil surface according to Different Crop; spraying the back and form the stopping property protective membrane at soil surface, is light yellow after the liquid film film forming.
Further, comprise the steps:
The step that adds the auxiliary tone toner: liquid film is adjusted color by adding carbon black or potassium humate;
The ejection mulch film forms the step of black-pale yellow-black band: liquid film melts with 2-3 clear water doubly and stirs into fine and smooth pasty state, stirred 10-15 minute, adding 2-3 times of clear water again stirs, with the liquid film that the configures film covering device of packing into, film covering device comprises water tank and nozzle and spraying frame, nozzle segment comprises 3 shower nozzles, 3 shower nozzle fannings, two shower nozzles on both sides are bolted on the spraying frame by angular setting, are provided with mixer near two shower nozzles on both sides, and carbon black or potassium humate are housed in the mixer, be provided with stopping valve between water tank and the shower nozzle, stopping valve is fixed on the spraying frame, shower nozzle, connect by water pipe between stopping valve and the water tank, stopping valve is used for the unlatching of control shower nozzle or closes or the size of flow, liquid film after the dilution is from the shower nozzle ejection of spraying plant, cover ground surface, through 15-30 minute, liquid film nature film forming, admittedly be enclosed in soil surface, form the colour band mulch film of black-pale yellow-Hei, perhaps chequered with black and white mulch film, black is conducive to insulation;
Spray 40 days planted agents and avoid trampling and shoveling Times, spray liquid film and crop the sowing carry out simultaneously or with seedling replanting before carry out every mu of stoste of land for growing field crops consumption 〉=25 kilograms.
Advantage of the present invention is that proportioning is simple, and is simple in structure and easy to use, with low cost, labour intensity is little, and degradable can improve soil soil property and crumb structure after the degraded, increases fertilizer efficiency, and preventing disease and pest keeps moisture content in advance, can effectively solve crop field table covering problem, is specially:
(1) material of filming agent employing is rich in nutritive element, and it is useful that crop seedling is grown, and can play prophylactic effect to the main sprout term disease of crop simultaneously, promotes to emerge, and improves seedling rate, improves into seedling quality, makes the seedling stalwartness.Can play simultaneously the coverage effect of common ground film, the insulation soil moisture conservation, and nontoxic, harmless to the crop seedling growth; Crop material multifunctional liquid film is the purpose that coloured liquid film can reach the physical control weeds.
(2) this liquid film prescription is reasonable, anti-rainwater impacts after the film forming, and degradative phase is at 40-60 days, the material that also has multiple promotion plant growth and improve the soil except filmogen in the prescription, can increase the readily available nutrient of soil in the degradation process, promote plant growth, can not damage ecotope.
(3) at first be that crop seedling can be broken through the soil, need not artificial rupture of membrane; Abandoned the mode of production that in the past adopts many people plastic film mulch simultaneously, old friend's power cost is low, and labour intensity is little and easy to use.Secondly, liquid-state mulch film can natural degradation, and environmental pollution is little, and the structure of can improving the soil after the degraded, improves ventilation and the hydro-thermal situation of soil, keeps soil fertility and plays good promoter action.
Embodiment
The component of liquid film of the present invention is:
Raw material: 82-99 part
Membrane-forming agent: 11-14 part
Softening agent: 2-3 part
Linking agent: 1.3-2.5 part
Initiator: 0.02-0.05 part
PH regulator agent: 0.2-0.3 part
Supplementary component: 0.1-0.3 part
Raw material is crop material fermented waste fluid or water 68-79 part, wilkinite 7-10 part, treated starch 2-3 part, potassium humate 5-7 part;
Annexing ingredient is: eupatorium adenophorum extracting solution, saltpetre, trace element, one or more in the complex micro organism fungicide spore powder.
Perhaps,
Raw material: 82-90 part
Membrane-forming agent: 11-13 part
Softening agent: 2-2.5 part
Linking agent: 1.3-2 part
Initiator: 0.02-0.04 part
PH regulator agent: 0.2-0.25 part
Supplementary component: 0.1-0.2 part.
Perhaps,
Raw material: 90-99 part
Membrane-forming agent: 12-14 part
Softening agent: 2.5-3 part
Linking agent: 1.8-2.5 part
Initiator: 0.03-0.05 part
PH regulator agent: 0.25-0.3 part
Supplementary component: 0.2-0.3 part.
The crop material fermented waste fluid is any or after crushed several in maize straw, wheat stalk, paddy rice, tobacco rod, the bagasse etc., again lixiviate gained behind microbial fermentation; Potassium humate can be replaced by humic acids or potassium fulvate, and wilkinite can replace with montmorillonite, and Zulkovsky starch can replace with carboxymethyl cellulose.Linking agent is glutaraldehyde, Tai-Ace S 150, boric acid, any or several in borax, the formaldehyde, and described initiator is ammonium persulphate and/or sodium bisulfite, and described pH regulator agent is sodium bicarbonate, and described softening agent is glycerol.Membrane-forming agent is any or several in polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone or the sodium alginate.
During preparation:
A, the step of preparation crop material fermented waste fluid: with various crop materials, as corn, wheat, paddy rice, tobacco rod, any or several in the bagasse, segment becomes the 1-2cm particle standby, the control of stalk moisture content is at 45%-55%, moisture content is low excessively, used again after then being soaked in water 2～3 hours, the crop material that segment is the good fermentor tank of packing into, and press stalk weight, be sprinkled into 5% microbial starter culture of stalk weight and 3% urea, check the leavening temperature changing conditions every day, after temperature reaches 50～60 ℃, stir material every day once, treat that 3～5d fermentation is finished after, add 5～7 times of clear water stirring and leaching 3～5h of fermentation material, filter then and namely obtain the crop material fermented waste fluid;
The step of B, raw materials pretreatment: wilkinite and potassium humate are placed water tank, and the mechanical force high-speed stirring is ground and is disperseed 1h, gets wilkinite solution; Take by weighing treated starch, sodium bicarbonate is dissolved in the high-temperature resistant container that fills the crop material fermented waste fluid, stirring is dissolved fully until it, place then under 70 ℃～90 ℃ constant temperature water baths and reacted 40～60 minutes, stirred once in 5 minutes at interval, make its mixing, gelatinization even; Then itself and wilkinite solution are mixed;
The step of C, preparation liquid film: weighing polyvinyl alcohol, put into the container that fills the crop material fermented waste fluid, container is put into 90 ℃～98 ℃ thermostat(t)ed waters polyvinyl alcohol is dissolved fully, stirred once in 5 minutes at interval, this process needs 30～40 minutes, gets polyvinyl alcohol solution; Again will the membrane-forming agent polyvinylpyrrolidone, sodium alginate dissolving back adds polyvinyl alcohol solution, treat that it mixes after, the solution that while hot this has been mixed membrane-forming agent adds in the good waste liquid of step B gelatinization, the thermostatically heating reaction is 30 minutes under 40～60 ℃ of temperature;
D, blending reaction step: linking agent glutaraldehyde, initiator potassium persulfate or ammonium persulphate are dissolved the back fully slowly add in the step C gained solution that mixes, the limit edged stirs, fully thermostatically heating reaction 2～3 hours under 40～60 ℃ of temperature behind the mixing.
Among the above-mentioned preparation method, can omit the A step, directly adopt and replace the crop material fermented waste fluid with the clear water of weights such as crop material fermented waste fluid and get final product, then carry out B, C, the D step gets final product.
Of course, further comprise the steps:
E, the step of adding supplementary component: after the cooling of step D gained solution, add supplementary component: eupatorium adenophorum extracting solution, saltpetre, trace element, any or several in the complex micro organism fungicide spore powder, fully the barrelling sealing is preserved behind the mixing.
During use; convert 4～5 times of water dilutions; ground coating solution after the dilution requires selectivity to add to spray or water behind biological pesticide such as microbiobacterial agent, plant extraction liquid and the nutrients such as urea, saltpetre to impose on soil surface according to Different Crop; spraying the back and form the stopping property protective membrane at soil surface, is light yellow after the liquid film film forming.
Further, comprise the steps:
The step that adds the auxiliary tone toner: liquid film is adjusted color by adding carbon black or potassium humate;
The ejection mulch film forms the step of black-pale yellow-black band: liquid film melts with 2-3 clear water doubly and stirs into fine and smooth pasty state, stirred 10-15 minute, adding 2-3 times of clear water again stirs, with the liquid film that the configures film covering device of packing into, film covering device comprises water tank and nozzle and spraying frame, nozzle segment comprises 3 shower nozzles, 3 shower nozzle fannings, two shower nozzles on both sides are bolted on the spraying frame by angular setting, are provided with mixer near two shower nozzles on both sides, and carbon black or potassium humate are housed in the mixer, be provided with stopping valve between water tank and the shower nozzle, stopping valve is fixed on the spraying frame, shower nozzle, connect by water pipe between stopping valve and the water tank, stopping valve is used for the unlatching of control shower nozzle or closes or the size of flow, liquid film after the dilution is from the shower nozzle ejection of spraying plant, cover ground surface, through 15-30 minute, liquid film nature film forming, admittedly be enclosed in soil surface, form the colour band mulch film of black-pale yellow-Hei, perhaps chequered with black and white mulch film, black is conducive to insulation;
Spray 40 days planted agents and avoid trampling and shoveling Times, spray liquid film and crop the sowing carry out simultaneously or with seedling replanting before carry out every mu of stoste of land for growing field crops consumption 〉=25 kilograms.
Example 1 (this example is unit with the gram)
Become the 1-2cm particle standby various crop materials (as corn, wheat, paddy rice, bagasse) segment, the control of stalk moisture content is about 50%, the used water that moisture content is low is excessively soaked after 2～3 hours and is used, the crop material that segment is the good fermentor tank of packing into, and be sprinkled into the microbial starter culture of stalk weight 5% and 3% urea by stalk weight.Check the leavening temperature changing conditions every day, when temperature reaches 50～60 ℃, stir material every day once, the length of fermentation time should be decided according to envrionment temperature, after treating that 3～5d fermentation is finished, add 5～7 times of clear water stirring and leaching 3～5h of fermentation material, filter then and namely obtain described crop material fermented waste fluid.
2. raw materials pretreatment: 70g wilkinite and 50g potassium humate are placed water tank, and the mechanical force high-speed stirring is ground and is disperseed 1h; Taking by weighing treated starch 20g, sodium bicarbonate 2g is dissolved in the high-temperature resistant container that fills 680g crop material fermented waste fluid, stirring is dissolved fully until it, place then under 70 ℃～90 ℃ constant temperature water baths and reacted 40～60 minutes, stirred once in 5 minutes at interval, make its mixing, gelatinization even; Then itself and above-mentioned wilkinite solution are mixed.
3. membrane-forming agent configuration: weighing polyvinyl alcohol 50g, put into the container of the crop material fermented waste fluid of containing 100g, container is put into 90 ℃～98 ℃ waters bath with thermostatic control dissolves polyvinyl alcohol fully, stirred once in 5 minutes at interval, this process needs 30～40 minutes approximately, take by weighing polyvinylpyrrolidone 40g, sodium alginate 30g dissolving back again and add above-mentioned polyvinyl alcohol solution, after treating that it mixes, the solution that while hot this has been mixed membrane-forming agent adds in the good waste liquid of above-mentioned gelatinization, and the thermostatically heating reaction is 30 minutes under 40～60 ℃ of temperature.
4. blending reaction: take by weighing linking agent glutaraldehyde 10g respectively by the quality proportioning, initiator potassium persulfate or ammonium persulphate 0.3g dissolve the back fully and slowly add in the above-mentioned solution that mixes, the limit edged stirs, fully thermostatically heating reaction 2～3 hours under 40～60 ℃ of temperature behind the mixing, the cooling back adds supplementary component according to concrete needs, as complex micro organism fungicide spore powder 2.5g, the required micro-0.1～0.5g of crop, fully the barrelling sealing is preserved this preparation method by dissolving earlier behind the mixing, back gelatinization blend, crosslinked thin film preparation process is finished the preparation of liquid film again.
Example 2 (according to the parts by weight configuration)
A, the step of preparation crop material fermented waste fluid: with various crop materials, as corn, wheat, paddy rice, tobacco rod, any or several in the bagasse, segment becomes the 1-2cm particle standby, the control of stalk moisture content is at 45%-55%, moisture content is low excessively, used again after then being soaked in water 2～3 hours, the crop material that segment is the good fermentor tank of packing into, and press stalk weight, be sprinkled into 5% microbial starter culture of stalk weight and 3% urea, check the leavening temperature changing conditions every day, after temperature reaches 50～60 ℃, stir material every day once, treat that 3～5d fermentation is finished after, add 5～7 times of clear water stirring and leaching 3～5h of fermentation material, filter then and namely obtain the crop material fermented waste fluid;
The step of B, raw materials pretreatment: 10 parts of wilkinites and potassium humate are placed water tank for 7 parts, and the mechanical force high-speed stirring is ground and is disperseed 1h, gets wilkinite solution; Take by weighing 3 parts of treated starches, sodium bicarbonate is dissolved in for 0.3 part in the high-temperature resistant container that fills 79 parts of crop material fermented waste fluids, stirring is dissolved fully until it, place then under 70 ℃～90 ℃ constant temperature water baths and reacted 40～60 minutes, stirred once in 5 minutes at interval, make its mixing, gelatinization even; Then itself and wilkinite solution are mixed;
The step of C, preparation liquid film: 4.5 parts of weighing polyvinyl alcohol, put into the container that fills 10 parts of crop material fermented waste fluids, container is put into 90 ℃～98 ℃ thermostat(t)ed waters polyvinyl alcohol is dissolved fully, stirred once in 5 minutes at interval, this process needs 30～40 minutes, gets polyvinyl alcohol solution; To add polyvinyl alcohol solution after 4.5 parts of membrane-forming agent polyvinylpyrrolidones, 3.5 parts of dissolvings of sodium alginate again, after treating that it mixes, the solution that while hot this has been mixed membrane-forming agent adds in the good waste liquid of step B gelatinization, and the thermostatically heating reaction is 30 minutes under 40～60 ℃ of temperature;
D, blending reaction step: in 1.5 parts of linking agent glutaraldehyde, initiator potassium persulfate or 0.03 part of step C gained solution that the slow adding in dissolving back mixes fully of ammonium persulphate, the limit edged stirs, fully thermostatically heating reaction 2～3 hours under 40～60 ℃ of temperature behind the mixing.
Among the above-mentioned preparation method, can omit the A step, directly adopt and replace the crop material fermented waste fluid with the clear water of weights such as crop material fermented waste fluid and get final product, then carry out B, C, the D step gets final product.
Simultaneously, can, further comprise the steps:
E, the step of adding supplementary component: after the cooling of step D gained solution, add supplementary component: eupatorium adenophorum extracting solution, saltpetre, trace element, any or several in the complex micro organism fungicide spore powder, fully the barrelling sealing is preserved behind the mixing.The addition of supplementary component is between 0.15-0.25 part.
Example 3
The step of preparation crop material fermented waste fluid: with various crop materials, as corn, wheat, paddy rice, tobacco rod, any or several in the bagasse, segment becomes the 1-2cm particle standby, the control of stalk moisture content is at 45%-55%, moisture content is low excessively, used again after then being soaked in water 2～3 hours, the crop material that segment is the good fermentor tank of packing into, and press stalk weight, be sprinkled into 5% microbial starter culture of stalk weight and 3% urea, check the leavening temperature changing conditions every day, after temperature reaches 50～60 ℃, stir material every day once, treat that 3～5d fermentation is finished after, the clear water stirring and leaching 3～5h that adds 5～7 times of quality of fermentation material filters then and namely obtains the crop material fermented waste fluid;
The step of B, raw materials pretreatment: 8 parts of wilkinites and potassium humate are placed water tank for 6 parts, and the mechanical force high-speed stirring is ground and is disperseed 1h, gets wilkinite solution; Take by weighing 3 parts of treated starches, sodium bicarbonate is dissolved in for 0.2 part in the high-temperature resistant container that fills 72 parts of crop material fermented waste fluids, stirring is dissolved fully until it, place then under 70 ℃～90 ℃ constant temperature water baths and reacted 40～60 minutes, stirred once in 5 minutes at interval, make its mixing, gelatinization even; Then itself and wilkinite solution are mixed;
The step of C, preparation liquid film: 4 parts of weighing polyvinyl alcohol, put into the container that fills 8 parts of crop material fermented waste fluids, container is put into 90 ℃～98 ℃ thermostat(t)ed waters polyvinyl alcohol is dissolved fully, stirred once in 5 minutes at interval, this process needs 30～40 minutes, gets polyvinyl alcohol solution; To add polyvinyl alcohol solution after 4 parts of membrane-forming agent polyvinylpyrrolidones, 3 parts of dissolvings of sodium alginate again, after treating that it mixes, the solution that while hot this has been mixed membrane-forming agent adds in the good waste liquid of step B gelatinization, and the thermostatically heating reaction is 30 minutes under 40～60 ℃ of temperature;
D, blending reaction step: in 1.2 parts of linking agent glutaraldehyde, initiator potassium persulfate or 0.04 part of step C gained solution that the slow adding in dissolving back mixes fully of ammonium persulphate, the limit edged stirs, fully thermostatically heating reaction 2～3 hours under 40～60 ℃ of temperature behind the mixing.
Among the above-mentioned preparation method, can omit the A step, directly adopt and replace the crop material fermented waste fluid with the clear water of weights such as crop material fermented waste fluid and get final product, then carry out B, C, the D step gets final product.
Simultaneously, can, further comprise the steps:
E, the step of adding supplementary component: after the cooling of step D gained solution, add supplementary component: eupatorium adenophorum extracting solution saltpetre, trace element, any or several in the complex micro organism fungicide spore powder, fully the barrelling sealing is preserved behind the mixing.The addition of supplementary component is between 0.2-0.3 part
Above-described embodiment 1-3 sprays synchronously at seeding time and makes film, after making film day to 40 day, is compared with the prior art, and comparison sheet is as follows:
Liquid film is to the influence of the vega different depths soil moisture
Liquid film is to the influence of cigarette ridge 0-20cm soil moisture
After liquid film disappears, as follows to the influence of soil physico-chemical property
Cucumber is used present embodiment 1-3 and uses prior art in sowing stage, does not use the growth indexes of processing cucumber mulch film and that use the prior art liquid-state mulch film as follows:
Compared with prior art, proportioning is simple, and is simple in structure and easy to use, with low cost, labour intensity is little, degradable, can improve soil soil property and crumb structure after the degraded, increase fertilizer efficiency, and preventing disease and pest in advance, keep moisture content, can effectively solve crop field table covering problem, element is supported in the rich joint venture of the material that filming agent adopts, it is useful that crop seedling is grown, and can play prophylactic effect to the main sprout term disease of crop simultaneously, promotes to emerge, improve seedling rate, improve into seedling quality, make the seedling stalwartness.Can play simultaneously the coverage effect of common ground film, the insulation soil moisture conservation, and nontoxic, harmless to the crop seedling growth; Crop material multifunctional liquid film is the purpose that coloured liquid film can reach the physical control weeds.This liquid film prescription is reasonable, anti-rainwater impacts after the film forming, and degradative phase is at 40-60 days, the material that also has multiple promotion plant growth and improve the soil except filmogen in the prescription, can increase the readily available nutrient of soil in the degradation process, promote plant growth, can not damage ecotope.At first be that crop seedling can be broken through the soil, need not artificial rupture of membrane; Abandoned the mode of production that in the past adopts many people plastic film mulch simultaneously, old friend's power cost is low, and labour intensity is little and easy to use.Secondly, liquid-state mulch film can natural degradation, and environmental pollution is little, and the structure of can improving the soil after the degraded, improves ventilation and the hydro-thermal situation of soil, keeps soil fertility and plays good promoter action.
Claims (10)
1. a liquid film that adopts the preparation of crop material fermented liquid is characterized in that, comprises the following component according to the ratio of weight and number configuration:
Raw material: 82-99 part
Membrane-forming agent: 11-14 part
Softening agent: 2-3 part
Linking agent: 1.3-2.5 part
Initiator: 0.02-0.05 part
PH regulator agent: 0.2-0.3 part
Supplementary component: 0.1-0.3 part
Described raw material is crop material fermented waste fluid or water 68-79 part, wilkinite 7-10 part, treated starch 2-3 part, potassium humate 5-7 part;
Described annexing ingredient is: eupatorium adenophorum extracting solution, saltpetre, trace element, one or more in the complex micro organism fungicide spore powder.
2. according to the liquid film of the described employing crop material of claim 1 fermented liquid preparation, it is characterized in that, comprise the following component according to the ratio of weight and number configuration:
Raw material: 82-90 part
Membrane-forming agent: 11-13 part
Softening agent: 2-2.5 part
Linking agent: 1.3-2 part
Initiator: 0.02-0.04 part
PH regulator agent: 0.2-0.25 part
Supplementary component: 0.1-0.2 part.
3. according to the liquid film of the described employing crop material of claim 1 fermented liquid preparation, it is characterized in that, comprise the following component according to the ratio of weight and number configuration:
Raw material: 90-99 part
Membrane-forming agent: 12-14 part
Softening agent: 2.5-3 part
Linking agent: 1.8-2.5 part
Initiator: 0.03-0.05 part
PH regulator agent: 0.25-0.3 part
Supplementary component: 0.2-0.3 part.
4. according to the liquid film of the arbitrary described employing crop material fermented liquid preparation of claim 1-3, it is characterized in that,
Described crop material fermented waste fluid is any or after crushed several in maize straw, wheat stalk, paddy rice, tobacco rod, the bagasse etc., again lixiviate gained behind microbial fermentation; Described potassium humate can be replaced by humic acids or potassium fulvate, and described wilkinite can replace with montmorillonite, and described Zulkovsky starch can replace with carboxymethyl cellulose.
5. according to the liquid film of the arbitrary described employing crop material fermented liquid preparation of claim 1-3, it is characterized in that, described linking agent is any or several in glutaraldehyde, Tai-Ace S 150, the formaldehyde, described initiator is ammonium persulphate and/or sodium bisulfite, described pH regulator agent is sodium bicarbonate, and described softening agent is glycerol.
6. according to the liquid film of the arbitrary described employing crop material fermented liquid preparation of claim 1-3, it is characterized in that described membrane-forming agent is any or several in polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone or the sodium alginate.
One kind arbitrary as claim 1-6 as described in the manufacture method of liquid film of employing crop material fermented liquid preparation, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
A, the step of preparation crop material fermented waste fluid: with various crop materials, as corn, wheat, paddy rice, tobacco rod, any or several in the bagasse, segment becomes the 1-2cm particle standby, the control of stalk moisture content is at 45%-55%, moisture content is low excessively, used again after then being soaked in water 2～3 hours, the crop material that segment is the good fermentor tank of packing into, and press stalk weight, be sprinkled into 5% microbial starter culture of stalk weight and 3% urea, check the leavening temperature changing conditions every day, after temperature reaches 50～60 ℃, stir material every day once, treat that 3～5d fermentation is finished after, add 5～7 times of clear water stirring and leaching 3～5h of fermentation material, filter then and namely obtain the crop material fermented waste fluid;
The step of B, raw materials pretreatment: wilkinite and potassium humate are placed water tank, and the mechanical force high-speed stirring is ground and is disperseed 1h, gets wilkinite solution; Take by weighing treated starch, sodium bicarbonate is dissolved in the high-temperature resistant container that fills the crop material fermented waste fluid, stirring is dissolved fully until it, place then under 70 ℃～90 ℃ constant temperature water baths and reacted 40～60 minutes, stirred once in 5 minutes at interval, make its mixing, gelatinization even; Then itself and wilkinite solution are mixed;
The step of C, preparation liquid film: weighing polyvinyl alcohol, put into the container that fills the crop material fermented waste fluid, container is put into 90 ℃～98 ℃ thermostat(t)ed waters polyvinyl alcohol is dissolved fully, stirred once in 5 minutes at interval, this process needs 30～40 minutes, gets polyvinyl alcohol solution; Again will the membrane-forming agent polyvinylpyrrolidone, sodium alginate dissolving back adds polyvinyl alcohol solution, treat that it mixes after, the solution that while hot this has been mixed membrane-forming agent adds in the good waste liquid of step B gelatinization, the thermostatically heating reaction is 30 minutes under 40～60 ℃ of temperature;
D, blending reaction step: linking agent glutaraldehyde, initiator potassium persulfate or ammonium persulphate are dissolved the back fully slowly add in the step C gained solution that mixes, the limit edged stirs, fully thermostatically heating reaction 2～3 hours under 40～60 ℃ of temperature behind the mixing.
8. according to the manufacture method of the liquid film of the described employing crop material of claim 7 fermented liquid preparation, it is characterized in that, further comprise the steps:
E, the step of adding supplementary component: after the cooling of step D gained solution, add supplementary component: eupatorium adenophorum extracting solution, saltpetre, trace element, any or several in the complex micro organism fungicide spore powder, fully the barrelling sealing is preserved behind the mixing.
One kind arbitrary as claim 1-8 as described in the using method of liquid film of employing crop material fermented liquid preparation, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
During use; convert 4～5 times of water dilutions; ground coating solution after the dilution requires selectivity to add to spray or water behind the nutrients such as biological pesticide such as microbiobacterial agent, plant extraction liquid and saltpetre to impose on soil surface according to Different Crop; spraying the back and form the stopping property protective membrane at soil surface, is light yellow after the liquid film film forming.
10. according to the using method of the liquid film of the described employing crop material of claim 9 fermented liquid preparation, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
The step that adds the auxiliary tone toner: liquid film is adjusted color by adding carbon black or potassium humate;
The ejection mulch film forms the step of black-pale yellow-black band: liquid film melts with 2-3 clear water doubly and stirs into fine and smooth pasty state, stirred 10-15 minute, adding 2-3 times of clear water again stirs, with the liquid film that the configures film covering device of packing into, film covering device comprises water tank and nozzle and spraying frame, nozzle segment comprises 3 shower nozzles, 3 shower nozzle fannings, two shower nozzles on both sides are bolted on the spraying frame by angular setting, are provided with mixer near two shower nozzles on both sides, and carbon black or potassium humate are housed in the mixer, be provided with stopping valve between water tank and the shower nozzle, stopping valve is fixed on the spraying frame, shower nozzle, connect by water pipe between stopping valve and the water tank, stopping valve is used for the unlatching of control shower nozzle or closes or the size of flow, liquid film after the dilution is from the shower nozzle ejection of spraying plant, cover ground surface, through 15-30 minute, liquid film nature film forming, admittedly be enclosed in soil surface, form the colour band mulch film of black-pale yellow-Hei, perhaps chequered with black and white mulch film, black is conducive to insulation;
Spray 40 days planted agents and avoid trampling and shoveling Times, spray liquid film and crop the sowing carry out simultaneously or with seedling replanting before carry out every mu of stoste of land for growing field crops consumption 〉=25 kilograms.
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Application publication date: 20130828 |