CN109121529B - Ecological management method for northern collapsed riparian zone - Google Patents
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Abstract
An ecological management method for northern collapsed riparian zone. Firstly, selecting species of willow stumps and willow branches; secondly, determining specifications of the willow stumps and willow branches; thirdly, digging willow piles, digging living willow piles at the position close to the water body along the natural curvature of the river course, wherein the distance between the willow piles is 1m, 1-2 rows of willow piles are arranged, 4-6 willow piles are arranged in each row, the angle between each row of willow piles and the river bank is 20-30 degrees, and the soil penetration depth of the willow piles is 100-150 cm; fourthly, laying willows, arranging willow twigs on the willow piles, and arranging the willow twigs from the willow piles close to the river bank at an angle of 15-25 degrees in an inclined mode; fifthly, the distance between the two willow rows is 4-8 m; sixthly, burying sand or soil in the river channel between the arranged willow piles and the steep slope by using an excavator, wherein the distance between the excavated part and the willow piles is ensured to be more than 1 m; seventhly, willow branch cuttage, wherein the willow branch cuttage in the bank zone is 2-3 m in width and 15-25 willow branches per square meter, and the willow branches in the substrate filling position are clustered, 3-5 willow branches per cluster and 3-5 clusters per square meter; eighthly, transplanting the herbs, and transplanting the sedge at the substrate filling position.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an ecological management method for northern collapsed riparian zones, belonging to the technical field of ecological management methods.
Background
The riparian zone is an important ecological transition area for exchanging materials, energy and information between rivers and land ecosystems. In recent years, with the development of economy and society, under the driving of economic benefits, a riparian zone is seriously damaged by human activities, represented by agricultural cultivation, original forests, grasslands and wetlands of the riparian zone are cultivated into farmlands, original natural vegetation disappears or obviously degrades, the capability of fixing soil by plant root systems is obviously reduced, and the soil is scoured and eroded by running water due to the fact that the plant root systems are not fixed, so that the riparian zone collapses, and the water and soil in the area are seriously lost. Therefore, the key to harnessing riparian zone collapse is how to effectively and rapidly recover vegetation. The documents show that the bank vegetation buffer zone has important functions in the aspects of controlling bank erosion, intercepting surface runoff silt and nutrients, protecting river water quality, adjusting water temperature, providing habitat for land and water animals, maintaining river biological diversity and ecological system integrity, improving bank landscape quality and the like as an important component of a bank zone and an important ecological staggered zone between water and land.
Foreign countries governing the damaged bank zones are mainly concentrated in germany, switzerland, japan, france, austria and other countries, the treatment concept is changed from the original civil engineering to the current civil engineering by combining the ecological principle, ecological treatment is adopted, such as piling of wooden piles, bamboo cages, pebbles, ecological tree species and the like, the river bank protection engineering in China still adopts the traditional planning design ideas and technologies to a great extent, still only considers the safety problem of the river channel, mainly takes concrete bank protection as a main part, without considering the influence of engineering construction on river environment and ecosystem and animal and plant living environment, although some successful work is carried out at present, the work on the restoration and reconstruction of the damaged vegetation of the river bank still has many doubts, particularly, the method needs a lack of mature and suitable key vegetation recovery and reconstruction technology in the aspects of treating collapsed riparian zones and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and further provides an ecological management method for northern collapsed riparian zones.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
an ecological management method for northern collapsed riparian zone,
selecting varieties of willow stumps and willow branch plants, selecting curled willows, Mangjiang willows, sagebrush willows or Korean willows with wide ecological moisture, selecting willow branches, namely lying willow branches and cutting willow branches, and selecting curled willows or sagebrush willows.
And step two, specification of willow stumps and willow branches, wherein the willow stumps and the willow branches are all living bodies, the length of the willow stumps is 200-300 cm, the diameter of the breast is 8-15 cm, the length of the horizontal willow branches is 200-350 cm, the diameter of the breast at the thick end is 2-3 cm, the length of the cuttage willow branches is 30-50 cm, and the diameter of the breast is 1-2 cm.
And thirdly, digging willow piles, digging living willow piles at the position close to the water body along the natural curvature of the river, wherein the distance between the willow piles is 1m, 1-2 rows of willow piles are arranged, 4-6 willow piles are arranged in each row, the angle between each row of willow piles and the river bank is 20-30 degrees, the soil penetration depth of the willow piles is 100-150 cm, the thin ends of the willow piles face downwards, the thick ends of the willow piles face upwards, the willow piles are driven and pressed in a manual or excavator piling mode, and the willow piles are arranged according to the curvature of the water flow and the river bank.
And fourthly, laying willows, arranging willow twigs on the willow stumps, arranging the willow twigs at an angle of 15-25 degrees in an inclined direction from the willow stumps close to the river bank, arranging the willow twigs densely, arranging the thick ends of the willow twigs below and the thin ends of the willow twigs above, and arranging the willow twigs to the river along the willow stumps from the river bank in the direction, wherein after the willow laying is completed, a distance of 30-60 cm is reserved at the top ends of the willow stump.
Step five, willow row spacing: the distance between the two willow rows is 4-8 m.
And step six, filling the matrix, namely filling sand or soil in the river channel between the arranged willow piles and the steep slope by using an excavator, ensuring the distance between the excavated part and the willow piles to be more than 1m, and excavating the amount of the sand to cover the thick ends of the willows to serve as the foundation for reinforcing the bank slope and providing the growth matrix for the survival of the willows.
And seventhly, carrying out willow branch cuttage, wherein the willow branch cuttage width of the bank belt is 2-3 m, 15-25 willow branches are planted per square meter, and the willow branches at the substrate filling position are clustered, 3-5 willow branches are planted per square meter, and 3-5 clusters are planted per square meter.
Step eight, transplanting herbs, transplanting the sedge at the substrate filling position, selecting the palygorskite type, mainly comprising 30-50 clayegrass plants per square meter, wherein the sedge is close to the water body.
In the second step, the length of the willow stump is 250 cm.
In the second step, the length of the willow branch is 280 cm.
In the second step, the length of the willow branch is 40 cm.
In the third step, the angle of each row of willow piles forms an angle of 25 degrees with the river bank.
In the third step, the depth of the willow stump in the soil is 130 cm.
In the fourth step, a distance of 50cm is reserved at the top end of the willow stump after the willow lying is finished.
In the fifth step, the distance between the two willow rows is 6 m.
In the seventh step, the cuttage width of the ashland willow branches is 2.5 m.
In the seventh step, 20 willow branches are arranged per square meter.
The ecological management method of the northern collapsed riparian zone has the outstanding characteristics that the ecological restoration and reconstruction technology taking vegetation as a main body is adopted by combining the principles of ecology, soil science, hydrodynamics and the like, the vegetation coverage rate can be obviously improved, the species diversity is increased, the water and soil loss is reduced, a good habitat is created for animals, and the ecological management method has a very obvious effect on improving the riparian zone environment of rivers. In 2016, the harlequin glorybower river in the Songhua river basin controls the river to grow 550m, and the demonstration shows that the vegetation coverage rate is improved by 40-60%, the species diversity is increased by more than 80% (including fishes, amphibians and plant species), the water and soil loss phenomenon is effectively controlled, and the living environment of animals is obviously improved. The invention has wide applicability, can be born by governments, enterprises and public institutions, and can obviously improve the regional ecological environment. The invention is especially suitable for the river section with serious water and soil loss in the northern river bank.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of willow piles in the ecological management method for northern collapsed riparian zones.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings: the present embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation is given, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
Example 1
The ecological management method for the northern collapsed riparian zone is provided, and comprises the following steps:
the embodiment aims to provide an ecological management method for northern collapsed riparian zones. The object of this embodiment is achieved by the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting species of willow stumps and willow branches, selecting plants such as curled willow, Mangjiang willow, tarragon willow and Korean willow with wide ecological moisture content from the willow stumps, and selecting curled willow and tarragon willow branches (willow branches of lying willow and willow inserting).
Step two: the specifications of the willow stump and the willow branches are that the willow stump and the willow branches are both living bodies, the length of the willow stump is 200-300 cm, the diameter of the breast is 8-15 cm, the length of the horizontal willow branches is 200-350 cm, the diameter of the breast at the thick end is 2-3 cm, the length of the cuttage willow branches is 30-50 cm, and the diameter of the breast is 1-2 cm.
Step three: and (2) digging willow piles, digging living willow piles at the position close to the water body along the natural curvature of the river course, wherein the distance between the willow piles is 1m, 1-2 rows of willow piles are arranged, 4-6 willow piles are arranged in each row, the angle between each row of willow piles and the river bank is 20-30 degrees, as shown in figure 1, the soil penetration depth of the willow piles is 100-150 cm, the thin ends of the willow piles face downwards, and the thick ends of the willow piles face upwards. The willow pile is driven manually or by an excavator. The willow stakes are arranged according to the water flow and the curvature of the river bank.
Step four: and (3) laying willows (arranging willow branches), arranging willows on the willow piles, arranging the willows from the willow piles close to the river bank at an angle of 15-25 degrees in an inclined direction, wherein the willows are dense, the thick ends of the willows are arranged below, the thin ends of the willows are arranged above, the willow piles are arranged along the willow piles from the river bank to the river in the direction, and after the willows are laid horizontally, the distance of 30-60 cm is reserved at the top ends of the willow piles to form the willow.
Step five: the spacing between the willow rows is 4-8 m, and the spacing between 2 willow rows is 4-8 m.
Step six: and (3) filling the matrix, namely filling sand or soil in the river channel between the arranged willow piles and the steep slope by using an excavator, ensuring the distance between the excavated part and the willow piles to be more than 1m, and preferably excavating the amount of the sand to cover the thick ends of the willows. The function is to reinforce the bank slope and provide a growth substrate for the survival of the wickers.
Step seven: the willow branch cuttage method comprises a riparian zone and a matrix filling position, wherein the width of the riparian zone willow branch cuttage is 2-3 m, 15-25 willow branches are planted per square meter, and the willow branches at the matrix filling position are clustered, 3-5 willow branches are planted per cluster, and the number of the willow branches is about 3-5 clusters per square meter.
Step eight: transplanting the herbs: transplanting bryophyte at the substrate filling position, and selecting a marsh or middle-growing bryophyte variety, which is mainly comprises tympanites, floating raft bryophytes, grey bryophytes and the like, wherein the amount of the bryophytes per square meter is 30-50, and the bryophytes are close to the water body.
Example 2
The ecological management method for the northern collapsed riparian zone is provided, and comprises the following steps:
the embodiment aims to provide an ecological management method for northern collapsed riparian zones. The object of this embodiment is achieved by the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting species of willow stumps and willow branches, selecting plants such as curled willow, Mangjiang willow, tarragon willow and Korean willow with wide ecological moisture content from the willow stumps, and selecting curled willow and tarragon willow branches (willow branches of lying willow and willow inserting).
Step two: the specifications of the willow stump and the willow branches are that the willow stump and the willow branches are both living bodies, the length of the willow stump is 200-300 cm, the diameter of the breast is 8-15 cm, the length of the horizontal willow branches is 200-350 cm, the diameter of the breast at the thick end is 2-3 cm, the length of the cuttage willow branches is 30-50 cm, and the diameter of the breast is 1-2 cm.
Step three: and (3) digging willow piles, digging living willow piles at the position close to the water body along the natural curvature of the river course, wherein the distance between the willow piles is 1m, 1 row is formed, 4-6 willow piles are arranged in each row, the angle between each willow pile row and the river bank is 20-30 degrees, the soil penetration depth of the willow piles is 100cm, the thin ends of the willow piles face downwards, and the thick ends of the willow piles face upwards. The willow pile is driven manually or by an excavator. The willow stakes are arranged according to the water flow and the curvature of the river bank.
Step four: and (3) laying willows (arranging willow branches), arranging willows on the willow piles, arranging the willows from the willow piles close to the river bank at an angle of 15-25 degrees in an inclined direction, wherein the willows are dense, the thick ends of the willows are arranged below, the thin ends of the willows are arranged above, the willow piles are arranged along the willow piles from the river bank to the river in the direction, and after the willows are laid horizontally, the distance of 30-60 cm is reserved at the top ends of the willow piles to form the willow.
Step five: the spacing between the willow rows is 4-8 m, and the spacing between 2 willow rows is 4-8 m.
Step six: and (3) filling the matrix, namely filling sand or soil in the river channel between the arranged willow piles and the steep slope by using an excavator, ensuring the distance between the excavated part and the willow piles to be more than 1m, and preferably excavating the amount of the sand to cover the thick ends of the willows. The function is to reinforce the bank slope and provide a growth substrate for the survival of the wickers.
Step seven: the willow branch cuttage method comprises a riparian zone and a matrix filling position, wherein the width of the riparian zone willow branch cuttage is 2-3 m, 15-25 willow branches are planted per square meter, and the willow branches at the matrix filling position are clustered, 3-5 willow branches are planted per cluster, and the number of the willow branches is about 3-5 clusters per square meter.
Step eight: transplanting herbs, transplanting the bryophytes at the substrate filling position, selecting the marsh or middle-growing bryophytes, which are mainly the tympanites blossoms, the floating raft bryophytes, the ash vein bryophytes and the like, wherein the bryophytes are 30-50 plants per square meter, and the bryophytes are close to the water body.
Example 3
The ecological management method for the northern collapsed riparian zone is provided, and comprises the following steps:
the embodiment aims to provide an ecological management method for northern collapsed riparian zones. The object of this embodiment is achieved by the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting species of willow stumps and willow branches, selecting plants such as curled willow, Mangjiang willow, tarragon willow and Korean willow with wide ecological moisture content from the willow stumps, and selecting curled willow and tarragon willow branches (willow branches of lying willow and willow inserting).
Step two: the specifications of the willow stump and the willow branches are that the willow stump and the willow branches are both living bodies, the length of the willow stump is 200-300 cm, the diameter of the breast is 8-15 cm, the length of the horizontal willow branches is 200-350 cm, the diameter of the breast at the thick end is 2-3 cm, the length of the cuttage willow branches is 30-50 cm, and the diameter of the breast is 1-2 cm.
Step three: and (3) digging willow piles, digging living willow piles at the position close to the water body along the natural curvature of the river course, wherein the distance between the willow piles is 1m, 2 rows of willow piles are arranged, 4-6 willow piles are arranged in each row, the angle between each willow pile row and the river bank is 20-30 degrees, the soil penetration depth of the willow piles is 150cm, the thin ends of the willow piles face downwards, and the thick ends of the willow piles face upwards. The willow pile is driven manually or by an excavator. The willow stakes are arranged according to the water flow and the curvature of the river bank.
Step four: and (3) laying willows (arranging willow branches), arranging willows on the willow piles, arranging the willows from the willow piles close to the river bank at an angle of 25 degrees in an inclined direction, wherein the willows are dense, the thick ends of the willows are arranged at the lower parts, the thin ends of the willows are arranged at the upper parts, the willow piles are arranged along the willow piles from the river bank to the river in the direction, and after the willows are laid, the distance of 50cm is reserved at the top ends of the willow piles.
Step five: the spacing between willow rows is 8m, and the spacing between 2 willow rows is 8 m.
Step six: and (3) filling the matrix, namely filling sand or soil in the river channel between the arranged willow piles and the steep slope by using an excavator, ensuring the distance between the excavated part and the willow piles to be more than 1m, and preferably excavating the amount of the sand to cover the thick ends of the willows. The function is to reinforce the bank slope and provide a growth substrate for the survival of the wickers.
Step seven: the willow branch cuttage method comprises a riparian zone and a matrix filling position, wherein the width of the riparian zone willow branch cuttage is 2-3 m, 15-25 willow branches are planted per square meter, and the willow branches at the matrix filling position are clustered, 3-5 willow branches are planted per cluster, and the number of the willow branches is about 3-5 clusters per square meter.
Step eight: transplanting herbs, transplanting the bryophytes at the substrate filling position, selecting the marsh or middle-growing bryophytes, which are mainly the tympanites blossoms, the floating raft bryophytes, the ash vein bryophytes and the like, wherein the bryophytes are 30-50 plants per square meter, and the bryophytes are close to the water body.
Example 4
The ecological management method for the northern collapsed riparian zone is provided, and comprises the following steps:
the embodiment aims to provide an ecological management method for northern collapsed riparian zones. The object of this embodiment is achieved by the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting species of willow stumps and willow branches, selecting plants such as curled willow, Mangjiang willow, tarragon willow and Korean willow with wide ecological moisture content from the willow stumps, and selecting curled willow and tarragon willow branches (willow branches of lying willow and willow inserting).
Step two: the specifications of the willow stump and the willow branches are that the willow stump and the willow branches are both living bodies, the length of the willow stump is 200-300 cm, the diameter of the breast is 8-15 cm, the length of the horizontal willow branches is 200-350 cm, the diameter of the breast at the thick end is 2-3 cm, the length of the cuttage willow branches is 30-50 cm, and the diameter of the breast is 1-2 cm.
Step three: and (3) digging willow piles, digging living willow piles at the position close to the water body along the natural curvature of the river course, wherein the distance between the willow piles is 1m, 1 row of willow piles is formed, 4 willow piles are arranged in each row, the angle between each willow pile row and the river bank is 20-30 degrees, the soil penetration depth of the willow piles is 100cm, the thin ends of the willow piles face downwards, and the thick ends of the willow piles face upwards. The willow pile is driven manually or by an excavator. The willow stakes are arranged according to the water flow and the curvature of the river bank.
Step four: and (3) laying willows (arranging willow branches), arranging willows on the willow piles, arranging the willows from the willow piles close to the river bank at an angle of 25 degrees in an inclined direction, wherein the willows are dense, the thick ends of the willows are arranged at the lower parts, the thin ends of the willows are arranged at the upper parts, the willow piles are arranged along the willow piles from the river bank to the river in the direction, and after the willows are laid, the distance of 30cm is reserved at the top ends of the willow piles.
Step five: the spacing between willow rows is 6m, and the spacing between 2 willow rows is 6 m.
Step six: and (3) filling the matrix, namely filling sand or soil in the river channel between the arranged willow piles and the steep slope by using an excavator, ensuring the distance between the excavated part and the willow piles to be more than 1m, and preferably excavating the amount of the sand to cover the thick ends of the willows. The function is to reinforce the bank slope and provide a growth substrate for the survival of the wickers.
Step seven: the willow branch cuttage method comprises a riparian zone and a matrix filling position, wherein the width of the riparian zone willow branch cuttage is 2-3 m, 15 willow branches are arranged per square meter, and the willow branches at the matrix filling position are in a cluster form, 3-5 willow branches are arranged per cluster, and the number of the willow branches is about 3-5 clusters per square meter.
Step eight: transplanting herbs, transplanting the bryophytes at the substrate filling position, selecting the marsh or middle-growing bryophytes, which are mainly the tympanites blossoms, the floating raft bryophytes, the ash vein bryophytes and the like, wherein the bryophytes are 30-50 plants per square meter, and the bryophytes are close to the water body.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and these embodiments are based on different implementations of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. An ecological management method for northern collapsed riparian zone, which is characterized in that,
selecting species of willow stumps and willow branch plants, selecting curled willows, Mangjiang willows, sagebrush willows or Korean willows with wide ecological moisture, selecting the willow branches, namely lying willow branches and cutting willow branches, and selecting the curled willows or the sagebrush willows;
step two, specification of willow stumps and willow branches, wherein the willow stumps and the willow branches are all living bodies, the length of the willow stumps is 200-300 cm, the diameter of the breast is 8-15 cm, the length of the horizontal willow branches is 200-350 cm, the diameter of the breast at the thick end is 2-3 cm, the length of the cuttage willow branches is 30-50 cm, and the diameter of the breast is 1-2 cm;
step three, digging willow piles, digging living willow piles at the position close to a water body along the natural curvature of a river course, wherein the distance between the willow piles is 1m, at least 2 rows of willow piles are arranged, 4-6 willow piles are arranged in each row, the angle between each row of willow piles and the river bank is 20-30 degrees, the soil penetration depth of the willow piles is 100-150 cm, the thin ends of the willow piles face downwards, the thick ends of the willow piles face upwards, the willow piles are driven and pressed in a manual or excavator piling mode, and the willow piles are arranged according to the curvature of the water flow and the river bank;
fourthly, laying willows, namely arranging willows on the willow piles, wherein the willows are arranged from the willow piles close to the river bank at an angle of 15-25 degrees in an inclined direction, the willows are dense, the thick ends of the willows are arranged below, the thin ends of the willows are arranged above, the willow piles are arranged along the willow piles from the river bank to the river in the direction, and after the willows are laid, the distance of 30-60 cm is reserved at the top ends of the willow piles to form willow rows;
step five, willow row spacing: the distance between the two willow rows is 4-8 m;
filling a matrix, namely filling sand or soil in a river channel between the arranged willow piles and the steep slope by using an excavator, ensuring the distance between an excavated part and the willow piles to be more than 1m, and excavating the amount of the sand to cover the thick ends of the willows to serve as a standard for reinforcing the bank slope and providing a growth matrix for the survival of the willows;
seventhly, carrying out willow branch cuttage, wherein the willow branch cuttage in the bank zone is carried out for 2-3 m in width and 15-25 willow branches per square meter, and the willow branches in the substrate filling position are clustered, 3-5 willow branches per cluster and 3-5 clusters per square meter;
step eight, transplanting herbs, transplanting the sedge at the substrate filling position, selecting the palygorskite type, mainly comprising 30-50 clayegrass plants per square meter, wherein the sedge is close to the water body.
2. The ecological management method for northern collapsed riparian zones according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the length of the willow stump is 250 cm.
3. The ecological management method for northern collapsed riparian zones according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the length of the willow branches of the willows is 280 cm.
4. The ecological management method for northern collapsed riparian zones according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the length of the willow branch cuttage is 40 cm.
5. The ecological management method for northern collapsed riparian zones according to claim 1, wherein in step three, the angle of each row of willow stumps is 25 degrees with the riparian zone.
6. The ecological management method for northern collapsed riparian zones according to claim 1, wherein in the third step, the depth of the willow stump in the soil is 130 cm.
7. The ecological management method for northern collapsed riparian zones according to claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, a distance of 50cm is left at the top end of the willow stump after the willow horizontal is completed.
8. The ecological management method for northern collapsed riparian zones according to claim 1, wherein in the fifth step, the distance between two willow rows is 6 m.
9. The ecological management method for northern collapsed riparian zone according to claim 1, wherein in step seven, the width of the cutting of the willow branch in the riparian zone is 2.5 m.
10. The ecological remediation method of northern collapsed riparian zones according to claim 1, wherein in step seven, 20 willow branches per square meter.
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| CN105178245A (en) * | 2015-08-18 | 2015-12-23 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Large filling bag ecological embankment and revetment building method for river lake channel |
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| CN104790340B (en) * | 2015-04-28 | 2016-04-13 | 苏州大学张家港工业技术研究院 | A kind of unpowered riverside landscape artificial wet land water quality cleaning system |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102392432A (en) * | 2011-11-11 | 2012-03-28 | 武汉沃田生态科技有限公司 | Method for ecological rehabilitation of flood control revetment |
| CN202509452U (en) * | 2012-02-29 | 2012-10-31 | 江苏明睿科技实业有限公司 | Ecological slope protection building block |
| CN203256694U (en) * | 2013-05-03 | 2013-10-30 | 交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究所 | Ecotype joint bank protecting structure |
| CN105178245A (en) * | 2015-08-18 | 2015-12-23 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Large filling bag ecological embankment and revetment building method for river lake channel |
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