CN102273335A - Treatment and utilization method of muddy seashore saline soil - Google Patents
Treatment and utilization method of muddy seashore saline soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN102273335A CN102273335A CN2011101641080A CN201110164108A CN102273335A CN 102273335 A CN102273335 A CN 102273335A CN 2011101641080 A CN2011101641080 A CN 2011101641080A CN 201110164108 A CN201110164108 A CN 201110164108A CN 102273335 A CN102273335 A CN 102273335A
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Abstract
The invention relates a treatment and utilization technology of saline soil resources, in particular to a treatment and utilization method of muddy seashore saline soil. The method comprises the following steps of: establishing a water supply system consisting of a fresh water well, a water pump and a water supply pipe; excavating a salt leaching drainage ditch so as to establish a drainage salt leaching system; applying a cow dung and crop stalk fertilizer and a phosphogypsum soil and fertility improving fertilizer; with a small raised field as unit, irrigating fresh water to wash and leach salt; and planting and maintaining vegetation through cultivating the land by machine, sunning the upturned soil, planting the vegetation and irrigating the vegetation, wherein a planting technology with gradient increasing salt tolerance is adopted in planting the vegetation. According to the invention, for the salinity and structural characteristics of the muddy seashore saline soil, the muddy seashore strongly salined soil in the coastal zone is treated and utilized in combination with engineering measures, physical measures and chemical measures on the basis of salt tolerant plant appraisal; and The treatment and utilization method of the muddy seashore saline soil provided by the invention has the advantages of simplicity in operation, resource conservation, soil treatment and utilization cost of less than 166.21 yuan/m2 and plant survival rate of more than 90%.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to the salt soil resource and administer and utilize technology, specifically be a kind of mud matter marine solonchak improvement with utilize method.
Background technology:
According to China's coastal region saline-alkali soil grade scale (0-100cm), the saline-alkali soil of 1 meter soil body total salt quantity＞0.6% is marine solonchak.Ring Bohai Sea silt coast band mostly is structureless marine solonchak, the salt content height, and soil property is sticking heavy, and pouring salt degree is faint, and traditional fresh water pressure salt effect is relatively poor; Top layer salt content 1.5～2.5% can reach individually more than 4%, average salt content 0.6～2% in the 1m soil layer; Subterranean water level height (about 0.6～1.5m); (average salinity is at 11.8 g/l～33.7g/l) for degree of mineralization of ground water height.Mud matter solonchak abominable soil environment in strand is unfavorable for vegetation growth, need carry out soil remediation, could rationally utilize.Littoral area's winter, many northwester were cold dry; Spring is windy and dusty, and evaporation discharge is big, aridity 1.5-1.8.The harsh climate environment has also influenced surviving of vegetation, so the surface vegetation rareness, and major part is a bare land, and the location fragmentary alkali of growing that swells individually is fluffy, has had a strong impact on the improvement of littoral zone ecotope and the development of economic society.
At present, the alkaline land improving measure usually adopts underground salt discharge engineering, separation layer is set, change planting soil every salt bag technique etc., not only need lot of manpower and material resources investment (every square meter cost is more than 350 yuan), and the maintenance cost costliness, and accumulation of salt in the surface soil situation appears easily.And use soil moved in to improve the original in a large number, not only destroyed the farmland, and along with the continuous minimizing of available soil moved in to improve the original resource, solonchak is administered and can't be implemented.
Summary of the invention:
The present invention is intended to solve the conventional construction vegetation modes such as changing planting soil that adopts, to the destruction problem of cultivated land resource and ecotope, and provide a kind of simple to operate, treatment cost is low, the improvement of resources conservation, mud matter marine solonchak that regulation effect is good with utilize method.
The technical scheme that the present invention solves this technical problem employing is:
A kind of improvement of mud matter marine solonchak with utilize method, carry out as follows:
A. set up water supply system: beat the fresh water well, water pump is installed, lay water supply line;
B. set up draining and drench salt system: drench the salt drain ditch at soil remediation district excavation and build little raised fields, depth of drainage ditch is to subterranean water level; The small-sized pouring salt of excavation open drain in the middle of little raised fields, the draining furrow ditch of the longitudinal and transverse perforation of excavation between drain ditch and open drain;
C. improve the soil and foster and apply fertilizer: use become thoroughly decomposed maize straw fertilizer and ardealite, ardealite is ploughed deeply and mixing with soil with the maize straw fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed with excavator;
D. salt is drenched in the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching: is that fresh water is irritated three times at least by unit in the soil remediation district with little raised fields, each irrigation quantity is with the about 10cm of the depth of water in the raised fields, keeping 24 hours is standard, the nature seepage, fall to doing after, irritate fresh water once more, salinity in the 40-50cm soil layer is drenched to water table down downstream, and soil salt is reduced to more than 1.0%;
E. vegetation is planted and manages and protects:
ⅰ. the soil tractor-ploughing, sun the earth which has been ploughed up: tilling depth 20cm; Machinery rotary tillage 2-3 time, rotary tillage degree of depth 20cm; Manually do furrow, thin flat furrow face;
ⅱ. vegetation is planted: next year begins to plant behind soil remediation, planted in 1 year comprise the bristle Chinese tamarisk, the dish that nourishes heart, lotus certain herbaceous plants with big flowers, Tian Jing, bamboo willow, the Betula halophila salt tolerant limit be higher than 0.6% salt-tolerant plant; Decline along with soil salt in 1 year, the general plant of plantation salt resistance ability;
ⅲ. planting system: adopt the big ridge of little furrow planting method, the wide 2m of the furrow of planting, vegetation is planted the direction of furrow and drain ditch, open drain in the same way, is draining furrow ditch in the middle of the furrow, plays high 30～40cm with ridger, the big ridge of wide 90cm;
ⅲ. vegetation pouring: drip irrigation mode irrigating plant, drip irrigation pipe is arranged on single ridge, direction is identical with the plant setting direction, dripper spacing is decided according to plant density, the drip irrigation amount with the open drain water seepage till.
Compared with prior art, the present invention is directed to strand mud matter solonchak soil salt and soil structure characteristics, elect the basis as to select the salt-tolerant plant mirror for use, silt coast band strand strongly salined soil is administered and utilized in conjunction with engineering measure, physical measure, chemical measure, its outstanding effect is: simple to operate, economize on resources, soil remediation with utilize cost low, only be 166.21 yuan/m
2, plant survival rate is more than 90%.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 drenches salt system engineering schematic diagram for the little raised fields draining of the present invention.
Among the figure: drain ditch 1; Open drain 2; Horizontally-arranged water furrow ditch 3, vertical draining furrow ditch 4, former underground waterline 5, underground water 6.
Embodiment:
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing in detail the present invention is described in detail.
A kind of improvement of mud matter marine solonchak with utilize method, carry out as follows:
1, set up water supply system:
General land readjustment before carrying out soil remediation April.Level land with bulldozer, excavator; According to the needs of the fresh water desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching and irrigating plant before the plant setting, play a glance of fresh water well, water pump and accessory cables are installed, lay water supply line.Water supply line adopts DE125 pipeline and DE50 pipeline, buried depth 1m.
2, set up draining and drench salt system (referring to Fig. 1):
May, excavate the pouring salt drain ditch 1 of wide 2m suitable for reading, dark 1m, ditch bottom width 1m in the soil remediation district, the ditch spacing is 20m, form little raised fields, marine solonchak district underground water is generally about 1m, and the degree of depth in drain ditch 1 will reach former underground waterline 5, to improve the shallow-layer relative relief of growing area, lower underground water 6 water levels, the purpose of the restriction soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil; In the middle of little raised fields, equidirectional small-sized pouring salt open drain 2 of excavating wide 1m, dark 0.5m again; The horizontally-arranged water furrow ditch 3 of the wide 0.3m of excavation, dark 0.3m between drain ditch 1 and open drain 2; At the vertical draining furrow ditch 4 of little raised fields intermediate vertical drain ditch 1 direction excavation, specification is identical with horizontally-arranged water furrow ditch 3.Accomplish that the ditch ditch is identical, rainfall, pour water and to cross irrigation canals and ditches at different levels and discharge, reach the purpose of drenching salt, the salification of restriction soil, ponding.
3, improve the soil and foster and apply fertilizer:
In June, use become thoroughly decomposed maize straw fertilizer and ardealite.According to the dark fertile amount of application of maize straw that determines to become thoroughly decomposed of plant roots, arbor class root is used more than the thickness 20cm deeply generally at 70cm-100cm; Grass class, shrub root are used thickness 5cm deeply generally at 30cm-50 cm; Utilize excavator that ardealite, the maize straw fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed are ploughed deeply 40cm-50cm with solonchak, mixing.To reach " the bad physicochemical character of improvement clayey soil increases shale saline-alkali soil organic matter, increases soil fertility and shock-absorbing capacity, regulates P in soil H, strengthens the soil desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching and drenches the salt effect, reduces soil salt content " is target, thereby improves the plant setting survival rate.
4, salt is drenched in the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching:
June is to November, is that 3 big flood are irritated by unit in the soil remediation district with little raised fields, and each irrigation quantity is with the about 10cm of the depth of water in the raised fields, and maintenance 24h is a standard, natural seepage, fall to doing after, irritate fresh water once more.Through the pouring of 3 big flood, the salinity in the 40-50cm soil layer of transformation is drenched to water table down downstream, the back soil salt of pouring water can descend more than 1.0%, for the survival rate of raising plant is laid a good foundation.
5, vegetation is planted and manages and protects:
(1) consolidation: tractor-ploughing in March next year, sun the earth which has been ploughed up: tilling depth 20cm; Machinery rotary tillage: 2-3 time, rotary tillage degree of depth 20cm; Manually do furrow, thin flat furrow face.
(2) plant variety is selected: the salt-tolerant plant of planting.Marine solonchak behind the soil remediation is subjected to the high influence on groundwater of salinity, and salinity is still higher, need plant to be fit to the salt-tolerant plant kind of saline-alkali soil growth.Precisely identify according to salt tolerant for many years, the bristle Chinese tamarisk, the dish that nourishes heart, the salt resistance ability of plants such as lotus certain herbaceous plants with big flowers, Tian Jing, bamboo willow, Betula halophila is more than 0.6%, and adaptability is stronger in the shale solonchak of strand, can select the plant variety of vegetation construction for use.
(3) vegetation is planted: begin to plant March 20 next year behind soil remediation, and planting before April 30 finishes, planting time 40 days; Planting technique: planting according to habitat type, difference, the seedling age size of kind is determined suitable planting system, plant order, planting density.The order of planting is according to the difference of plant salt tolerance ability, the method that adopts echelon to advance.Planting system: passenger soil ridge cultivation not.The furrow of planting are wide 2 meters, and the plant direction of furrow of vegetation is identical with the direction of drain ditch and open drain, is draining furrow ditch in the middle of the furrow.
(4) vegetation pouring: adopt the drip irrigation mode to carry out irrigating plant.Drip irrigation pipe is arranged on single ridge, and direction is identical with the plant setting direction, and dripper spacing is decided according to plant density.Drip irrigation amount: 2l/h, irrigation quantity arrives till the water seepage of open drain.
Claims (1)
- The improvement of a mud matter marine solonchak with utilize method, carry out as follows:A. set up water supply system: beat the fresh water well, water pump is installed, lay water supply line;B. set up draining and drench salt system: drench the salt drain ditch at soil remediation district excavation and build little raised fields, depth of drainage ditch is to subterranean water level; The small-sized pouring salt of excavation open drain in the middle of little raised fields, the draining furrow ditch of the longitudinal and transverse perforation of excavation between drain ditch and open drain;C. improve the soil and foster and apply fertilizer: use become thoroughly decomposed maize straw fertilizer and ardealite, ardealite is ploughed deeply and mixing with soil with the maize straw fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed with excavator;D. salt is drenched in the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching: is that fresh water is irritated three times at least by unit in the soil remediation district with little raised fields, each irrigation quantity is with the about 10cm of the depth of water in the raised fields, keeping 24 hours is standard, the nature seepage, fall to doing after, irritate fresh water once more, salinity in the 40-50cm soil layer is drenched to water table down downstream, and soil salt is reduced to more than 1.0%;E. vegetation is planted and manages and protects:ⅰ. the soil tractor-ploughing, sun the earth which has been ploughed up: tilling depth 20cm; Machinery rotary tillage 2-3 time, rotary tillage degree of depth 20cm; Manually do furrow, thin flat furrow face;ⅱ. vegetation is planted: next year begins to plant behind soil remediation, planted in 1 year comprise the bristle Chinese tamarisk, the dish that nourishes heart, lotus certain herbaceous plants with big flowers, Tian Jing, bamboo willow, the Betula halophila salt tolerant limit be higher than 0.6% salt-tolerant plant; Decline along with soil salt in 1 year, the general plant of plantation salt resistance ability;ⅲ. planting system: adopt the big ridge of little furrow planting method, the wide 2m of the furrow of planting, vegetation is planted the direction of furrow and drain ditch, open drain in the same way, is draining furrow ditch in the middle of the furrow, plays high 30～40cm with ridger, the big ridge of wide 90cm;ⅲ. vegetation pouring: drip irrigation mode irrigating plant, drip irrigation pipe is arranged on single ridge, direction is identical with the plant setting direction, dripper spacing is decided according to plant density, the drip irrigation amount with the open drain water seepage till.
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Cited By (21)
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| CN102577687A (en) * | 2012-03-12 | 2012-07-18 | 天津泰达园林建设有限公司 | Comprehensive improving method for coastal saline soil |
| CN102612882A (en) * | 2012-03-26 | 2012-08-01 | 苏州绿世界园林发展有限公司 | Method and salt leaching and inhibiting system for improving coastal beach by burying plant stalks in ditches |
| CN102754585A (en) * | 2012-05-14 | 2012-10-31 | 东营三明林业发展股份有限公司 | Method for planting saline pines and alkali pines in region with high salinity and alkality |
| CN102783284A (en) * | 2012-09-05 | 2012-11-21 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Method for treating saline-alkali soil through dialysis type high platform ladder grading groove ridge |
| CN102860207A (en) * | 2012-09-26 | 2013-01-09 | 四川省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Ditching and mulching cultivation method for water-bed ridge planting |
| CN102939806A (en) * | 2012-11-21 | 2013-02-27 | 清华大学 | Method and system for desalting soil of coastal saline and alkaline land |
| CN103214321A (en) * | 2013-05-22 | 2013-07-24 | 河北省农林科学院滨海农业研究所 | Method for adjusting and restoring seashore saline soil by brackish water |
| CN105532238A (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2016-05-04 | 中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心 | Method for planting perennial flowers in heavy saline-alkali land at seashore |
| CN106134560A (en) * | 2016-07-01 | 2016-11-23 | 江苏科技大学 | A kind of improve beach saline-alkali ground the polymerization that plants economic crops |
| CN106211846A (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2016-12-14 | 河北省农林科学院滨海农业研究所 | The method that Muddy Bottoms coastal tidal is administered in the plantation of Suaeda salsa Herba Medicaginis Semen Maydis echelon |
| CN106922240A (en) * | 2017-03-06 | 2017-07-07 | 江苏省农业科学院 | A kind of coastal saline-alkali soil cultivating layer quick desalination method and application |
| CN107787771A (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2018-03-13 | 大千生态环境集团股份有限公司 | A kind of great Hua gumbos cultivation technique |
| CN108076719A (en) * | 2018-01-04 | 2018-05-29 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | A kind of engineering improvement on heavy salinized ground of haftplatte and ecological planting and establishing method |
| CN109716891A (en) * | 2019-03-04 | 2019-05-07 | 东营百胜客农业科技开发有限公司 | A kind of heavy saline lotus field modification method |
| CN110169225A (en) * | 2019-06-13 | 2019-08-27 | 上海十方生态园林股份有限公司 | A kind of lateral canal ecology diafiltration engineering system changing soil alkaline |
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| CN102577687A (en) * | 2012-03-12 | 2012-07-18 | 天津泰达园林建设有限公司 | Comprehensive improving method for coastal saline soil |
| CN102577687B (en) * | 2012-03-12 | 2015-06-17 | 天津泰达绿化集团有限公司 | Comprehensive improving method for coastal saline soil |
| CN102612882B (en) * | 2012-03-26 | 2015-02-11 | 苏州绿世界园林发展有限公司 | Method for improving coastal beach by burying plant stalks in ditches, and salt leaching and inhibiting system |
| CN102612882A (en) * | 2012-03-26 | 2012-08-01 | 苏州绿世界园林发展有限公司 | Method and salt leaching and inhibiting system for improving coastal beach by burying plant stalks in ditches |
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| CN102783284A (en) * | 2012-09-05 | 2012-11-21 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Method for treating saline-alkali soil through dialysis type high platform ladder grading groove ridge |
| CN102783284B (en) * | 2012-09-05 | 2014-08-06 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Method for treating saline-alkali soil through dialysis type high platform ladder grading groove ridge |
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| CN102939806A (en) * | 2012-11-21 | 2013-02-27 | 清华大学 | Method and system for desalting soil of coastal saline and alkaline land |
| CN102939806B (en) * | 2012-11-21 | 2014-11-26 | 清华大学 | Method and system for desalting soil of coastal saline and alkaline land |
| CN103214321A (en) * | 2013-05-22 | 2013-07-24 | 河北省农林科学院滨海农业研究所 | Method for adjusting and restoring seashore saline soil by brackish water |
| CN103214321B (en) * | 2013-05-22 | 2014-10-08 | 河北省农林科学院滨海农业研究所 | Method for adjusting and restoring seashore saline soil by brackish water |
| CN105532238A (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2016-05-04 | 中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心 | Method for planting perennial flowers in heavy saline-alkali land at seashore |
| CN106134560A (en) * | 2016-07-01 | 2016-11-23 | 江苏科技大学 | A kind of improve beach saline-alkali ground the polymerization that plants economic crops |
| CN106211846B (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2018-06-29 | 河北省农林科学院滨海农业研究所 | The method that Muddy Bottoms coastal tidal is administered in Suaeda salsa-alfalfa-corn echelon plantation |
| CN106211846A (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2016-12-14 | 河北省农林科学院滨海农业研究所 | The method that Muddy Bottoms coastal tidal is administered in the plantation of Suaeda salsa Herba Medicaginis Semen Maydis echelon |
| CN106922240A (en) * | 2017-03-06 | 2017-07-07 | 江苏省农业科学院 | A kind of coastal saline-alkali soil cultivating layer quick desalination method and application |
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| CN108076719B (en) * | 2018-01-04 | 2020-03-24 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Engineering improvement and ecological planting method for sticky plate severe saline-alkali soil |
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| CN109716891A (en) * | 2019-03-04 | 2019-05-07 | 东营百胜客农业科技开发有限公司 | A kind of heavy saline lotus field modification method |
| CN110169225A (en) * | 2019-06-13 | 2019-08-27 | 上海十方生态园林股份有限公司 | A kind of lateral canal ecology diafiltration engineering system changing soil alkaline |
| CN110169225B (en) * | 2019-06-13 | 2023-04-07 | 上海十方生态园林股份有限公司 | Change ecological infiltration engineering system of ditch of soil saline and alkaline |
| CN110230290A (en) * | 2019-06-18 | 2019-09-13 | 李小虎 | A method of it is transformed Bilge mud to form drainage ditch |
| CN110431949A (en) * | 2019-08-28 | 2019-11-12 | 张钗 | A kind of administering method in salt-soda soil |
| CN111010915A (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2020-04-17 | 江苏沿海地区农业科学研究所 | Technology for eliminating secondary salinization obstacle of facility greenhouse soil |
| CN111742636A (en) * | 2020-05-30 | 2020-10-09 | 杭州聚和土地规划设计有限公司 | Salt washing treatment system and method for salt pan |
| CN112166730A (en) * | 2020-11-02 | 2021-01-05 | 青岛农业大学 | Inverted convex planting ditch for saline-alkali soil and construction method and application thereof |
| CN112970367A (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2021-06-18 | 福建荣冠环境建设集团有限公司 | Technology for restoring saline-alkali soil by adopting ecological vegetation based on sponge city principle |
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