CN108130888B - Soft ecological bank protection structure and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Soft ecological bank protection structure and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108130888B CN108130888B CN201711405640.0A CN201711405640A CN108130888B CN 108130888 B CN108130888 B CN 108130888B CN 201711405640 A CN201711405640 A CN 201711405640A CN 108130888 B CN108130888 B CN 108130888B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
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Abstract
The invention discloses a soft ecological bank protection structure and a construction method thereof, wherein the soft ecological bank protection structure comprises a bank slope toe protection structure and a bank slope surface protection structure; the bank slope toe protection structure comprises a log-willow branch anchoring cage, wherein the anchoring cage is formed by weaving log anchoring piles, willow branch cuttage anchoring piles and fresh and alive willow twigs, gravels and sandy loam are filled in the anchoring cage, and the back water surface of the anchoring cage is tightly attached to a backfilled sandy loam layer; the bank slope surface protection structure consists of fresh wickers and a slope surface sandy loam layer, wherein the fresh wickers are uniformly paved on the bank slope surface, the thick ends of the fresh wickers are inserted into the sandy loam layer adjacent to the back surface of the anchoring cage, and the slope surface sandy loam layer refers to backfill soil uniformly covering the surfaces of the wickers. The invention can prevent the bank slope from collapsing, the corroded material can provide nutrients for the growth of plants, the formed root system improves the stability of the bank slope, the local materials can be used, the service life is long, the vegetation coverage rate of the bank slope and the area of the water body to be shielded are improved, the habitat space is provided for animals, and the ecological and landscape benefits in the area are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a soft ecological bank protection method, in particular to a soft ecological bank protection structure and a construction method thereof.
Background
The riparian zone is an ecological transition area of a land ecosystem and an aquatic ecosystem and is an important link for exchanging materials, energy and information between the land ecosystem and the aquatic ecosystem. Maintaining the stability of the riparian zone has important significance for adjusting water flow, buffering pollution, adjusting climate, providing animal habitat and improving landscape rest value. The bank slope is protected by using a hardening material in the traditional river channel treatment engineering, the method achieves the effect of reinforcing the bank slope, but the economic investment is high, the sustainability is poor, the natural habitat of the river channel is damaged, and a great deal of adverse effects are caused on the river bank ecosystem.
The river bank collapse phenomenon caused by the lateral erosion or local scouring of rivers is an important problem facing river bank treatment. The existing engineering technologies such as stone-stacking bank protection, lead wire gabion bank protection and the like are main methods for solving the problem. However, the service life of these technical means is limited, and the safety and economic benefits of the river bank protection cannot be maximized. In addition, although the technical means do not completely block the accessibility of rivers and lands, the vegetation coverage rate of the bank slope is reduced to a certain extent, even part of the bank slope is exposed, and the ecological benefit and the landscape effect of the bank slope are influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a soft ecological bank protection structure and a construction method thereof.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the soft ecological bank protection structure comprises a bank slope toe protection structure and a bank slope surface protection structure;
the bank slope toe protection structure comprises a log-willow branch anchoring cage, wherein the anchoring cage is formed by weaving log anchoring piles, willow branch cutting anchoring piles and fresh and alive willow twigs, gravels and sandy loam are filled in the anchoring cage, and the back water surface of the anchoring cage is tightly attached to a backfilled sandy loam layer;
the bank slope surface protection structure is composed of fresh wickers and a slope surface sandy loam layer, the fresh wickers are uniformly paved on the bank slope surface, the thick ends of the fresh wickers are inserted into the sandy loam layer adjacent to the back surface of the anchoring cage, and the slope surface sandy loam layer is backfill soil uniformly covering the surfaces of the wickers.
The construction method of the soft ecological bank protection structure comprises the following steps:
firstly, carrying out earthwork excavation on the construction river along a river shoreline topography, and cleaning an installation space for ensuring an anchoring cage and backfilling a sandy soil layer;
secondly, driving log anchor piles into the near-water side one by one at intervals of 1m along the river bank topography, and inserting willow branch cuttage anchor piles into the space between every two log anchor piles at equal intervals along the river bank line;
thirdly, driving a second row of log anchor piles into the side with the back water at intervals of 80cm, inserting the willow branch cuttage anchor piles between every two log anchor piles at equal intervals along a river shoreline, wherein the second row of log anchor piles and the willow branch cuttage anchor piles are parallel to the first row;
weaving fresh wickers on the log anchor piles and the willow branch cuttage anchor piles one by one, and ensuring the minimum gaps among the fresh wickers to the maximum extent;
step five, between the end points of the two rows of the log anchor piles, 4 log anchor piles are driven in, and no gap is reserved between the two ends of the first row of the log anchor piles and the two ends of the second row of the log anchor piles to the maximum extent;
step six, after the log-willow branch anchoring cage is installed, filling broken stones and sandy loam in the log-willow branch anchoring cage to form a broken stone and sandy loam mixing layer;
step seven, backfilling sandy loam on the back surface of the anchoring cage to form a backfilled sandy loam layer;
step eight, performing simple slope surface treatment on the construction slope surface to ensure that the slope surface is uniform and free of impurities;
step nine, spreading the fresh branches on the slope one by one, and inserting the thick end into a sandy soil layer adjacent to the back water surface of the anchoring cage; and backfilling sandy loam on the surface to form a slope sandy loam layer.
According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the soft ecological bank protection structure and the construction method thereof provided by the embodiment of the invention can prevent the river bank from collapsing, control the water and soil loss phenomenon of the bank slope, ensure the stability of the bank slope, have long service life of the structure, reduce the later maintenance cost of similar projects, can use local materials, have high economic benefit, can reduce pollutants entering the river, avoid catkin disasters, improve the vegetation coverage rate of the bank slope and the area of a shielded water body, provide inhabitation and reproduction space for animals, and improve the ecological benefit and landscape benefit in the area to the greatest extent.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic side view of a soft ecological bank protection structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic top view of a soft ecological bank protection structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic front view of a soft ecological bank protection structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
1. anchoring piles by logs; 2. slope sandy loam layer; 3. fresh and alive wicker; 4. backfilling a sandy soil layer; 5. a gravel and sandy loam mixing layer; 6. fresh and alive wicker; 7. cutting the willow branch into anchoring piles; 8. original bank slope; 9 original bank slope.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below. Details which are not described in detail in the embodiments of the invention belong to the prior art which is known to the person skilled in the art.
The soft ecological bank protection structure of the invention has the following preferred embodiments:
comprises a bank slope toe protection structure and a bank slope surface protection structure;
the bank slope toe protection structure comprises a log-willow branch anchoring cage, wherein the anchoring cage is formed by weaving log anchoring piles, willow branch cutting anchoring piles and fresh and alive willow twigs, gravels and sandy loam are filled in the anchoring cage, and the back water surface of the anchoring cage is tightly attached to a backfilled sandy loam layer;
the bank slope surface protection structure is composed of fresh wickers and a slope surface sandy loam layer, the fresh wickers are uniformly paved on the bank slope surface, the thick ends of the fresh wickers are inserted into the sandy loam layer adjacent to the back surface of the anchoring cage, and the slope surface sandy loam layer is backfill soil uniformly covering the surfaces of the wickers.
Preferably, the log anchor pile is a willow pile with a thick head of 20cm in diameter, and the thick head is sharpened.
Preferably, the willow branch cuttage anchoring pile 7 is a male plant golden-silk vertical willow branch with a thick head diameter of 3-5cm and a length of 100cm and in a dormancy stage.
Preferably, the fresh and alive wicker is male golden silk vertical wicker with a thick head diameter of 3cm and a length of 150-200cm and in a resting period.
Preferably, the proportion of the soil and the stones in the gravel and sandy loam filling layer is 6:4, and the particle size of the gravel is 10cm-20 cm.
The construction method of the soft ecological bank protection structure of the invention has the following preferred specific implementation modes:
the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, carrying out earthwork excavation on the construction river along a river shoreline topography, and cleaning an installation space for ensuring an anchoring cage and backfilling a sandy soil layer;
secondly, driving log anchor piles into the near-water side one by one at intervals of 1m along the river bank topography, and inserting willow branch cuttage anchor piles into the space between every two log anchor piles at equal intervals along the river bank line;
thirdly, driving a second row of log anchor piles into the side with the back water at intervals of 80cm, inserting the willow branch cuttage anchor piles between every two log anchor piles at equal intervals along a river shoreline, wherein the second row of log anchor piles and the willow branch cuttage anchor piles are parallel to the first row;
weaving fresh wickers on the log anchor piles and the willow branch cuttage anchor piles one by one, and ensuring the minimum gaps among the fresh wickers to the maximum extent;
step five, between the end points of the two rows of the log anchor piles, 4 log anchor piles are driven in, and no gap is reserved between the two ends of the first row of the log anchor piles and the two ends of the second row of the log anchor piles to the maximum extent;
step six, after the log-willow branch anchoring cage is installed, filling broken stones and sandy loam in the log-willow branch anchoring cage to form a broken stone and sandy loam mixing layer;
step seven, backfilling sandy loam on the back surface of the anchoring cage to form a backfilled sandy loam layer;
step eight, performing simple slope surface treatment on the construction slope surface to ensure that the slope surface is uniform and free of impurities;
step nine, spreading the fresh branches on the slope one by one, and inserting the thick end into a sandy soil layer adjacent to the back water surface of the anchoring cage; and backfilling sandy loam on the surface to form a slope sandy loam layer.
Preferably, the water level of the river channel is artificially controlled to be below a construction line in the construction period.
Preferably, in the second step, the log anchor piles are buried under the ground for 30cm, the exposed parts of the log anchor piles are 70cm, the willow branch cutting anchor piles are buried under the ground for 30cm, and the exposed parts of the willow branch cutting anchor piles are 70 cm;
preferably, in the seventh step, the thickness of the backfilled sandy loam layer is 20 cm;
preferably, in the ninth step, the distance between the fresh branches is 20-30cm, and the thickness of the slope sandy loam layer is 10-15 cm.
Based on the technical scheme, the invention has the advantages that:
1. in the bank slope toe protection structure, at the early stage of construction completion, the anchoring cage structure is constructed by log, willow branches, willow twigs and broken stones, so that the phenomenon of river bank collapse caused by river erosion can be prevented; along with the lapse of time, log materials are gradually corroded, and the root systems of the willow branches and the willow twigs are gradually formed, the corroded materials can provide nutrients for soil, and the new root systems provide guarantee for the stability of the bank slope.
2. In the bank slope surface protection structure, because the willow root system subjected to vegetative propagation has a huge lateral root and adventitious root system, the anchor of the shallow bank slope is obvious, and the water and soil loss phenomenon of the slope surface can be effectively controlled.
3. Among the bank slope toe protective structure, because the growth of willow root system has certain directional touch nature, in the growth process, the root system dodges the stone, can form stable root system net in rubble and sandy loam mix layer, replaced materials such as galvanized iron wire, package plastic wire or zinc-aluminum complex silk among the traditional plumbous silk gabion engineering, improved the structural service life, reduced the later maintenance cost of similar engineering.
4. The ecological bank protection structure is constructed by common soft materials, can be made of local materials, and has high economic benefit.
5. The willow material used in the invention has the capability of removing N, P, K, Cd, BOD and other pollutants, and can reduce the total amount of the pollutants entering the river channel.
6. The wicker and the willow branch material used by the invention are cut on the male adult willow, so that the occurrence of catkin disasters can be avoided.
7. The wicker and the willow branch materials used by the invention can provide inhabitation places for birds, reptiles and benthonic animals after a certain growth period, simultaneously improve the area of a shielded water body, provide spawning areas for partial fish animals, and improve the ecological benefit and the landscape benefit in the areas to the maximum extent.
The specific embodiment is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1 to 3, a soft ecological bank protection structure comprises a bank slope toe protection structure and a bank slope surface protection structure, wherein the bank slope toe protection structure comprises a log-willow branch anchoring cage; the anchoring cage is woven by log anchoring piles 1, willow branch cuttage anchoring piles 7 and fresh and alive willow twigs 6; the anchoring cage is filled with gravels and sandy loam 5; the back water surface of the anchoring cage clings to a backfilled sandy soil layer 4; the bank slope surface protection structure consists of fresh wicker 3 and a slope surface sandy loam layer 2; the fresh willow twigs 3 are evenly and flatly paved on the bank slope surface, and the thick end of the fresh willow twigs is inserted into a sandy soil layer 4 adjacent to the back water surface of the anchoring cage; the slope sandy loam layer 2 is backfilled soil uniformly covered on the surfaces of the wickers.
In a more preferred embodiment, the log anchor stakes 1 are willow stakes with a thick end of 20cm in diameter, and the thick end is sharpened.
In a more preferred embodiment, the willow branch cuttage anchoring pile 7 is a male golden-silk vertical willow branch which is in a dormant period and has a thick head diameter of 3-5cm and a length of 100 cm.
In a more preferred embodiment, the fresh wicker 3, 6 is a male-plant golden-silk vertical wicker in the resting stage with a thick end diameter of 3cm and a length of 150-200 cm.
In a more preferable embodiment, the soil-stone ratio in the gravel and sandy loam filling layer 5 is 6:4, and the gravel has a grain size of 10cm-20 cm.
A method for constructing a soft ecological bank protection structure comprises the following steps:
firstly, carrying out earthwork excavation on the construction river along a river shoreline topography, and cleaning an installation space for ensuring an anchoring cage and backfilling a sandy soil layer 4;
secondly, driving the log anchor piles 1 into the near-water side one by one at intervals of 1m along the river bank topography, and inserting 5 willow branch cuttage anchor piles 7 between every two log anchor piles 1 at equal intervals along the river bank line;
thirdly, driving a second row of log anchor piles 1 at intervals of 80cm on the back water side, inserting 5 willow branch cuttage anchor piles 7 between every two log anchor piles 1 at equal intervals along a river shoreline, wherein the second row of log anchor piles 1 and the willow branch cuttage anchor piles 7 are parallel to the first row;
weaving the fresh wickers 6 on the log anchor piles 1 and the wicker cutting anchor piles 7 one by one, and ensuring the minimum gaps among the fresh wickers 6 to the maximum extent;
step five, between the end points of the two rows of the log anchor piles 1, 4 log anchor piles 1 are driven in, and no gap is left at the two ends of the first row of the log anchor piles 1 and the second row of the log anchor piles 1 to the maximum extent;
step six, after the log-willow branch anchoring cage is installed, filling broken stones and sandy loam inside the log-willow branch anchoring cage to form a broken stone and sandy loam mixing layer 5;
step seven, backfilling sandy loam on the back surface of the anchoring cage to form a backfilled sandy loam layer 4;
step eight, performing simple slope surface treatment on the construction slope surface to ensure that the slope surface is uniform and free of impurities;
step nine, spreading the fresh branches 3 on the slope one by one, and inserting the thick end into a sandy soil layer adjacent to the back water surface of the anchoring cage; and backfilling sandy loam on the surface to form a slope sandy loam layer 2.
In a more preferable embodiment, the construction period should be controlled artificially to the river water level below the construction line.
In a more preferable embodiment, in the second step, the raw wood anchor piles 1 are buried under the ground for 30cm, the exposed parts are 70cm, the willow branch cutting anchor piles 7 are buried under the ground for 30cm, and the exposed parts are 70 cm;
in a more preferred embodiment, in the seventh step, the thickness of the backfilled sandy soil layer 4 is 20 cm;
in a more preferable embodiment, in the ninth step, the distance between the fresh and alive branches 3 is 20-30cm, and the thickness of the slope sandy loam layer 2 is 10-15 cm.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A soft ecological bank protection structure is characterized by comprising a bank slope toe protection structure and a bank slope surface protection structure;
the bank slope toe protection structure comprises a log-willow branch anchoring cage, wherein the anchoring cage is formed by weaving log anchoring piles, willow branch cutting anchoring piles and fresh and alive willow twigs, gravels and sandy loam are filled in the anchoring cage, and the back water surface of the anchoring cage is tightly attached to a backfilled sandy loam layer;
the bank slope surface protection structure is composed of fresh willows and a slope surface sandy loam layer, the fresh willows are evenly paved on the bank slope surface, the thick ends of the fresh willows are inserted into a backfill sandy loam layer adjacent to the back water surface of the anchoring cage, and the slope surface sandy loam layer is backfill soil evenly covering the surfaces of the fresh willows.
2. The soft ecological revetment structure of claim 1, wherein said log anchor stakes are willow stakes having a butt diameter of 20cm and the butt is sharpened.
3. The soft ecological revetment structure of claim 1, wherein said willow branch cutting anchor pile is a male plant golden silk vertical willow branch in dormancy stage with a butt diameter of 3-5cm and a length of 100 cm.
4. The soft ecological bank protection structure of claim 1, wherein in the bank slope toe protection structure, the fresh and alive wickers are male-plant golden-silk vertical wickers with a thick end diameter of 3cm and a length of 150-200cm in the dormancy stage.
5. The soft ecological revetment structure according to claim 1, wherein said slope toe protective structure of said bank slope has a ratio of said gravels to sand filled with soil and stones of 6:4, said gravels having a particle size of 10cm-20 cm.
6. A method for constructing a soft ecological bank protection structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:
firstly, carrying out earthwork excavation on the construction river along a river shoreline topography, and cleaning an installation space for ensuring the installation of an anchoring cage and a backfilled sandy soil layer;
secondly, driving a first row of log anchor piles into the near-water side one by one at intervals of 1m along the river bank topography, and inserting willow branch cuttage anchor piles into the space between every two log anchor piles at equal intervals along the river bank line;
step three, driving a second row of log anchor piles into the side with the back water at a distance of 80cm from the first row of log anchor piles, and inserting willow branch cuttage anchor piles between every two log anchor piles at equal intervals along a river shoreline, wherein the second row of log anchor piles are parallel to the first row of log anchor piles;
weaving fresh wickers on the log anchor piles and the willow branch cuttage anchor piles one by one, and ensuring the minimum gaps among the fresh wickers to the maximum extent;
step five, between the end points of the two rows of the log anchor piles, 4 log anchor piles are driven in, and no gap is reserved between the two ends of the first row of the log anchor piles and the two ends of the second row of the log anchor piles to the maximum extent;
step six, after the log-willow branch anchoring cage is installed, filling broken stones and sandy loam in the log-willow branch anchoring cage to form a broken stone and sandy loam mixing layer;
step seven, backfilling sandy loam on the back surface of the anchoring cage to form a backfilled sandy loam layer;
step eight, performing simple slope surface treatment on the construction slope surface to ensure that the slope surface is uniform and free of impurities;
step nine, spreading the fresh branches on the slope one by one, and inserting the thick end into a backfilled sandy soil layer adjacent to the back water surface of the anchoring cage; and backfilling sandy loam on the surfaces of the fresh branches to form a slope sandy loam layer.
7. The method for constructing a soft ecological bank protection structure according to claim 6, wherein the river water level is artificially controlled during the construction period until the river water level is below a construction line.
8. The method for constructing a soft ecological bank protection structure, according to the claim 6, wherein in the second step, the log anchor piles are buried 30cm underground, the exposed part is 70cm, the willow branch cutting anchor piles are buried 30cm underground, and the exposed part is 70 cm.
9. The method for constructing a soft ecological bank protection structure, according to claim 6, wherein in the seventh step, the thickness of the backfill sandy loam layer is 20 cm.
10. The method for constructing the soft ecological bank protection structure according to claim 6, wherein in the ninth step, the distance between the fresh and alive branches in the protective structure for the bank slope surface is 20-30cm, and the thickness of the sandy loam layer on the slope surface is 10-15 cm.
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| CN110029626B (en) * | 2019-03-20 | 2020-12-01 | 中电建十一局工程有限公司 | Reinforcing treatment method for revetment foundation on soft stratum slope |
| CN110506466A (en) * | 2019-08-08 | 2019-11-29 | 北京林业大学 | A kind of pollution of area source prevention and control system and method based on field bund and plant hedge |
| CN110485371A (en) * | 2019-09-02 | 2019-11-22 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | A kind of flexible anchoring frame and its ecological bank protection structure |
| CN111305235A (en) * | 2020-02-18 | 2020-06-19 | 中南林业科技大学 | Movable tree stump-living plant reinforced soil slope supporting structure and construction method thereof |
| CN113233695A (en) * | 2021-04-06 | 2021-08-10 | 深圳市广汇源环境水务有限公司 | Method for comprehensively treating urban landscape water body |
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