Paper-based composite light absorption material for realizing efficient photo-thermal conversion and preparation method thereof
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to the technical field of photo-thermal conversion materials, in particular to a paper-based composite light absorption material for realizing efficient photo-thermal conversion and a preparation method thereof.
Background art:
at present, in the face of the problems of energy shortage and environmental pollution, the need for environmental protection and safety clean energy is urgently needed. Solar energy has the advantages of wide application range, inexhaustibility and the like, and is a research hotspot in the current society. The utilization of solar energy is mainly divided into three directions: photothermal applications, photovoltaic applications, and photochemical applications. For photo-thermal application, a solar thermal power generation mode is mainly used, generally, a solar heat collector converts absorbed solar radiation into working medium steam, and then the steam drives a steam turbine to do work to generate power. However, the investment cost is high due to the wide floor space and the need for a lens to focus light, while the energy efficiency is low, only 10%. The theoretical efficiency of the direct photo-thermal conversion of solar energy can reach more than 90% by reasonably selecting materials.
The photo-thermal conversion materials studied at present include noble metal nanoparticles, organic polymers, transition metal nitrides, transition metal borides, doped transition metal oxides, carbon materials, and the like. Compared with other photo-thermal materials, the carbon material has the characteristics of wide material source, wide spectrum absorption range of sunlight and the like.
The application of the carbon material in the current stage for photothermal conversion mainly focuses on graphene, carbon nanotubes, carbon particles and the like, and the preparation methods of the materials also have the defects of complex preparation process, high cost and the like.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to provide a paper-based composite light absorption material for realizing efficient photothermal conversion and a preparation method thereof, wherein carbon black particles in commercial carbon ink are deposited on the surface of filter paper through ultrasonic load, the preparation method is simple, the cost is low, the composite light absorption material with wide spectral response range, high photothermal conversion efficiency and strong hydrophilicity is obtained, the large-scale production and the wide application are easy, the field of the existing photothermal material is enriched, and the blank of the technical field is filled; meanwhile, the paper-based composite material is used for manufacturing a simple and efficient steam generation and seawater desalination device, can meet the requirement of society on rapidly obtaining purified water from seawater desalination, and also provides a new mode for solar photo-thermal utilization.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a paper-based composite light absorption material for realizing efficient photothermal conversion takes filter paper as a carrier, and an additive is carbon black particles in carbon ink, and the preparation method of the material comprises the following steps:
1) putting the filter paper into carbon ink, and then carrying out ultrasonic deposition to obtain the filter paper deposited with carbon black particles;
2) vacuum drying the filter paper deposited with the carbon black particles obtained in the step 1) for 20-30 min at 60-70 ℃ so that the carbon black particles are more firmly attached to the filter paper to obtain a dried material;
3) putting the dried material obtained in the step 2) into ionized water for ultrasonic removal, removing excessive carbon black particles, and drying in vacuum at 60-70 ℃ again to obtain the target paper-based composite light absorption material.
In the step 1), the aperture of the filter paper is 1-120 mu m, the ultrasonic power is 70% -100%, the ultrasonic deposition is carried out for 3-5 min, and the steps are repeated for three times.
In the step 3), the ultrasonic power is 70-100%, and ultrasonic removal is carried out for 3-5 min.
The invention also protects the application of the paper-based composite light absorption material for realizing high-efficiency photothermal conversion, and the paper-based composite light absorption material is used for solar photothermal steam conversion, sewage purification and seawater desalination.
The application of the paper-based composite light absorption material for realizing efficient photo-thermal conversion is used for solar photo-thermal steam conversion and comprises the following steps: the paper-based composite light absorption material for realizing efficient photothermal conversion is placed in a steam generating device based on surface local photothermal conversion for solar photothermal steam conversion, the steam generating device based on surface local photothermal conversion comprises a water container with a cover and a foam heat insulation plate fixed on the cover of the water container from bottom to top, the top of the foam heat insulation plate is provided with a groove, the bottom of the groove is provided with a substrate water conveying material layer, a light absorption material layer is arranged above the substrate water conveying material layer, the lower end of the water conveying channel is immersed below the liquid level of the water container with the cover, the upper end of the water conveying channel sequentially penetrates through the cover of the water container and the foam from bottom to top, the substrate water conveying material layer communicated with the groove in the top of the foam heat insulation plate is communicated, and water is provided for the light absorption material layer above the substrate water conveying; the depth of the groove at the top of the foam heat insulation plate is 5-15 mm; distilled water or seawater or sewage is filled in the water container with the cover; the light absorption material of the light absorption material layer is the paper-based composite light absorption material.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) the method has the advantages of low cost, simple operation, environmental protection and large-scale production.
2) According to the invention, sunlight is effectively converted into heat by utilizing the excellent absorptivity of carbon black particles to sunlight, and the absorptivity of the carbon black particles to sunlight energy in the range of 250-2500 nm reaches more than 94.5% due to deposition and adhesion of the carbon black particles; meanwhile, the hole structure of the paper-based material is utilized, so that multiple scattering of sunlight by the composite material is effectively increased, and the aim of increasing light absorption is fulfilled.
2) The invention utilizes functional groups such as hydroxyl on the surface of the filter paper fiber, and can effectively transport water from the bottom of the filter paper to the surface of the composite material for evaporation. In the application of solar photo-thermal steam, the solar photo-thermal steam has high-efficiency photo-thermal conversion effect at 1kW m-2Under the illumination intensity, the photo-thermal steam efficiency of the slow ink paper-based composite material with the aperture of the filter paper within 1-3 mu m can reach 85.9 percent, the material is easy to produce in large scale and widely applied, the field of the existing photo-thermal material is enriched, and the blank of the technical field is filled. Meanwhile, the paper-based composite light absorption material can be used for seawater desalination by utilizing the efficient photo-thermal conversion characteristic, meets the requirement of society on rapidly obtaining purified water, and provides a new mode for solar photo-thermal utilization.
In a word, carbon black particles in commercial carbon ink are deposited on the surface of filter paper through ultrasonic loading, the preparation method is simple, the cost is low, the environment is protected, the composite light absorption material with wide spectral response range, high photo-thermal conversion efficiency and strong hydrophilicity is obtained, the large-scale production and the wide application are easy, the field of the existing photo-thermal material is enriched, and the blank of the technical field is filled; meanwhile, the paper-based composite light absorption material can be used for seawater desalination by utilizing the efficient photo-thermal conversion characteristic, meets the requirement of society on rapidly obtaining purified water, and provides a new mode for solar photo-thermal utilization.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron micrograph of the microstructure of the fast ink paper-based composite obtained in example 1;
FIG. 2 is the contact angle of the fast ink paper-based composite obtained in example 1;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the UV/Vis/NIR absorption spectra of the rapid ink paper-based composite obtained in example 1;
FIG. 4 is a scanning electron micrograph of the microstructure of the medium speed ink paper-based composite obtained in example 2;
FIG. 5 is the contact angle of the medium speed ink-based composite obtained in example 2;
FIG. 6 is a graph of the UV/Vis/NIR absorption spectra of the medium speed ink paper-based composite obtained in example 2;
FIG. 7 is a scanning electron micrograph of the microstructure of the slow ink paper-based composite obtained in example 3;
FIG. 8 is the contact angle of the slow ink paper-based composite obtained in example 3;
FIG. 9 is a graph of the UV/Vis/NIR absorption spectra of the slow ink paper-based composite obtained in example 3;
FIG. 10 is a schematic structural view of a surface-localized photothermal conversion-based steam generation device according to example 5 of the present invention;
the device comprises a light absorption material layer 1, a foam heat insulation plate 2, a water container 3, a water delivery channel 4, a water delivery channel 5 and a substrate water delivery material layer.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the following is a further description of the invention and is not intended to be limiting.
Example 1: synthesis of ink paper-based composite light absorption material based on rapid filter paper
1) Mixing 25X 0.2mm3The filter paper with the aperture within 80-120 mu m is placed in 20ml of black carbon ink solution, then placed in an ultrasonic cleaning machine, and subjected to ultrasonic deposition for 5min under the action of 70% ultrasonic power, and the ultrasonic deposition is repeated for three times, so that carbon black particles in the ink are deposited on the surface of the filter paper fibers;
2) carrying out vacuum drying on the filter paper loaded with the carbon black particles obtained in the step 1) at 60 ℃, so that the carbon black particles of the ink can be firmly attached to the fiber surface of the filter paper, and obtaining a dried material;
3) putting the dried material obtained in the step 2) into a beaker, adding 20ml of deionized water, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 5min under the ultrasonic action with the power of 70% until the color of the deionized water is not changed, so as to remove excessive ink particles attached to the surface of the filter paper fiber;
4) and (3) carrying out vacuum drying on the filter paper loaded with the carbon black particles obtained in the step 3) at 60 ℃ to obtain the target paper-based composite light absorption material.
The prepared paper-based composite light absorption material is formed by stacking fibers, and ink particles can be seen to be attached to the surfaces of the fibers (as shown in figure 1). The composite material has the light absorption rate of 94.9% in the range of 250-2500 nm (as shown in figure 3), and meanwhile, a sample has good hydrophilicity (as shown in figure 2).
Example 2: synthesis of ink paper-based composite light absorption material based on medium-speed filter paper
1) Mixing 25X 0.2mm3The medium-speed qualitative filter paper with the aperture of 20-60 mu m is placed in 20ml of black carbon ink solution, then placed in an ultrasonic cleaning machine, and subjected to ultrasonic deposition for 3min under the action of 100% ultrasonic power, and the ultrasonic deposition is repeated for three times, so that carbon black particles in the ink are deposited on the fiber surface of the filter paper;
2) carrying out vacuum drying on the filter paper loaded with the carbon black particles obtained in the step 1) at 70 ℃ so that the ink carbon black particles can be firmly attached to the surface of the filter paper fibers to obtain a dried material;
3) putting the dried material obtained in the step 2) into a beaker, adding 20ml of deionized water, and removing excessive ink particles attached to the surface of the filter paper fiber by ultrasonic action with the power of 100% until the color of the deionized water is not changed;
4) and (3) carrying out vacuum drying on the filter paper loaded with the carbon black particles obtained in the step 3) at 70 ℃ to obtain the target paper-based composite light absorption material.
The prepared paper-based composite light absorption material is formed by stacking fibers, and ink particles can be seen to be attached to the surfaces of the fibers (as shown in figure 4). The composite material has the light absorption rate of 94.5% in the range of 250-2500 nm (as shown in figure 6), and meanwhile, a sample has good hydrophilicity (as shown in figure 5).
Example 3: synthesis of ink paper-based composite light absorption material based on slow filter paper
1) Mixing 25X 0.2mm3The slow-speed fixed filter paper with the aperture of 1-3 mu m is placed in 40ml of black carbon ink solution, then placed in an ultrasonic cleaning machine, and subjected to ultrasonic deposition for 5min under the action of 70% ultrasonic power, and the ultrasonic deposition is repeated for three times, so that carbon black particles in the ink are deposited on the surface of the filter paper fiber;
2) carrying out vacuum drying on the filter paper loaded with the carbon black particles obtained in the step 1) at 60 ℃, so that the carbon black particles of the ink can be firmly attached to the fiber surface of the filter paper, and obtaining a dried material;
3) putting the dried material obtained in the step 2) into a beaker, adding 40ml of deionized water, and removing excessive ink particles attached to the surface of the filter paper fiber by ultrasonic action with the power of 70% until the color of the deionized water is not changed;
4) and (3) carrying out vacuum drying on the filter paper loaded with the carbon black particles obtained in the step 3) at 60 ℃ to obtain the target paper-based composite light absorption material.
The prepared paper-based composite light absorption material is formed by stacking fibers, and ink particles can be seen to be attached to the surfaces of the fibers (as shown in FIG. 7). The composite material has the light absorption rate of 94.5% in the range of 250-2500 nm (as shown in figure 9), and meanwhile, a sample has good hydrophilicity (as shown in figure 8).
Example 4: steam generation experiment:
the paper-based composite light absorption material is carried out under the following experimental conditions, and can generate certain steam after being irradiated for a certain time. The paper-based composite light absorption material obtained in the examples 1 to 3 is placed in a steam generating device based on surface local photo-thermal conversion for solar photo-thermal steam conversion, and the used evaporation liquid can be 3.5 wt% -10 wt% of sodium chloride aqueous solution or deionized water. The strength is 1-3 kW m-2The simulated light source is used for illuminating for a certain time. Meanwhile, the relationship between the liquid loss amount and the time is recorded in real time by using an electronic balance.
As shown in fig. 10, the steam generating device based on surface local light-heat conversion comprises a water container 3 with a cover and a foam heat insulation board 2 fixed on the cover of the water container 3 from bottom to top, the top of the foam heat insulation board 2 is provided with a groove, the bottom of the groove is provided with a substrate water delivery material layer 5, a light absorption material layer 1 is arranged above the substrate water delivery material layer 5, the steam generating device further comprises a water delivery channel 4, the lower end of the water delivery channel 4 is immersed below the liquid level of the water container 3 with the cover, the upper end of the water delivery channel 4 sequentially penetrates through the cover of the water container 3 and the foam heat insulation board 2 from bottom to top, the substrate water delivery material layer 5 communicated with the groove in the top of the foam heat insulation board 2 provides moisture for the light absorption material layer 1 above the. The water container 3 is filled with deionized water or seawater to be evaporated; the center of the heat insulation foam plate 2 and the center of the bottle cap of the water container 3 are perforated to form a pore channel, and incident light directly irradiates the surface of the light absorption material layer 5. The depth of the groove at the top of the foam heat insulation plate is 5-15 mm; the light absorption material of the light absorption material layer is the paper-based composite light absorption material. The foam heat insulation board 2 is made of 6 multiplied by 4cm3The top groove of the polyethylene foam is 2.5 multiplied by 1cm3. The water delivery channel 4 is a strip-shaped dust-free paper tape and penetrates through the center of the foam heat insulation board 2 to reach the lower end of the water surface of the water container 3. The base water transport material layer 5 distributes water evenly in the grooves.
The specific experimental conditions were as follows:
experimental conditions 1: the light intensity of the sunlight simulator is 1kW m-2The liquid to be evaporated is 40ml of deionized water, and the illumination time is 30 min. Pick implementationThe paper-based composite light absorbing material obtained in example 1 was used as a light absorbing material of the light absorbing material layer.
Experimental conditions 2: the light intensity of the sunlight simulator is 1kW m-2The liquid to be evaporated is 40ml of deionized water, and the illumination time is 30 min. The paper-based composite light-absorbing material obtained in example 2 was selected as the light-absorbing material of the light-absorbing material layer.
Experimental conditions 3: the light intensity of the sunlight simulator is 3kW m-2The liquid to be evaporated is 40ml of deionized water, and the illumination time is 30 min. The paper-based composite light-absorbing material obtained in example 3 was selected as the light-absorbing material of the light-absorbing material layer.
Experimental conditions 4: the light intensity of the sunlight simulator is 1kW m-2The liquid to be evaporated was 40ml of a 3.5 wt% sodium chloride solution and the light exposure time was 30 min. The paper-based composite light-absorbing material obtained in example 1 was selected as the light-absorbing material of the light-absorbing material layer.
Experimental conditions 5: the light intensity of the sunlight simulator is 1kW m-2The liquid to be evaporated was 40ml of a 10 wt% sodium chloride solution and the light exposure time was 30 min. The paper-based composite light-absorbing material obtained in example 1 was selected as the light-absorbing material of the light-absorbing material layer.
The experimental data of steam generation and seawater desalination are shown in table 1.
Table 1.
Conditions of the experiment
|
Evaporation rate (kgm)-2h-1)
|
Steam generation efficiency (%)
|
1
|
1.25
|
85.9%
|
2
|
1.25
|
85.9%
|
3
|
3.70
|
86.2%
|
4
|
1.25
|
88.0%
|
5
|
1.27
|
87.4% |
Example 3 the obtained paper-based composite light absorption material is 1kW m-2The efficiency of the photo-thermal steam can reach 85.9% under the illumination intensity. At the same time, in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution at 1kW m-2The photo-thermal steam efficiency is 88.0% under the illumination intensity of (1).