CN109005750B - Ecological restoration method for natural community of scirpus in intertidal zone - Google Patents
Ecological restoration method for natural community of scirpus in intertidal zone Download PDFInfo
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- CN109005750B CN109005750B CN201810864917.4A CN201810864917A CN109005750B CN 109005750 B CN109005750 B CN 109005750B CN 201810864917 A CN201810864917 A CN 201810864917A CN 109005750 B CN109005750 B CN 109005750B
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention discloses an intertidal zone scirpus maritimus natural community ecological restoration method which is used for quickly restoring scirpus maritimus communities in intertidal zones at low cost by collecting and preprocessing scirpus maritimus, accurately selecting an opportunity window suitable for habitat and time and adopting a gunny bag auxiliary seed sowing method. The invention overcomes the problems that the seeding and survival of scirpus marigoldenrod seeds are influenced by strong hydrodynamics in intertidal zones and the traditional transplanting difficulty and high cost of scirpus marigoldenrod plants are difficult. In addition, the degradable natural material used in the invention does not pollute the tidal flat environment. By combining the simple, effective, easy-to-operate and low-cost ecological restoration method for the natural community of scirpus in intertidal zones, the large-scale restoration and reconstruction of the natural community of scirpus in intertidal zones of Yangjiang estuary and Hangzhou bay can be realized, and the restoration of the structure and function of the salt marsh ecosystem can be realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological engineering, and relates to a novel method for ecological restoration of a natural community of scirpus marigolensis in an intertidal zone based on an opportunity window and seeds.
Background
Scirpus marianus (Scirpus mariqueter) is a herb of Scirpus of Cyperaceae (Cyperaceae). The main species are the unique species in China and the key species and pioneer species which are most localized and diffused at the front edge of the tidal flat and the bare flat of the tidal flat of the Yangtze river mouth at the earliest in China, wherein the intertidal zone is mainly distributed in coastal areas (south Vital, Fengxian, Jinshan, Chongming, Long Shadao, Cross Shao and nine sections of sand) of the Yangtze river mouth and coastal wetlands of Hangzhou gulf. The ecological water-retaining agent is one of the most important group building species in the Yangtze river estuary wetland ecological system, has important ecological service functions of wave elimination, wave reduction, silt promotion, beach fixation and the like, and plays an important role in the Yangtze river estuary wetland ecological system. In addition, the scirpus marigoldens corms, rhizomes and small nuts also provide plant-derived feed for wetland aquatic birds such as wild geese, ducks and cranes, and are also important food sources for zooplankton, benthic invertebrates and fishes. Therefore, the scirpus marigoldendori is used as an important primary producer of the coastal wetland of the Yangtze river mouth, plays an irreplaceable role in the sedimentation power process of the tidal flat of the Yangtze river mouth, the maintenance of the biological habitat and the like, and has extremely high ecological value and ecological service function.
However, since the 90 s of the 20 th century, the existence of scirpus marianus community is seriously threatened due to human interference and the rapid diffusion of foreign species of spartina alterniflora (spatialteriflora) in tidal beaches of long estuaries, the distribution area is sharply reduced, and the biodiversity and the ecological service function of coastal wetland are seriously and negatively influenced. Therefore, the protection and recovery work of the scirpus marigoldianus community in the intertidal zone has important theoretical and practical significance for the conservation of the wetland resources of the Yangtze river mouth.
Because of the limitation of the conditions of the hydrodynamic deposition of intertidal zones and the like, the restoration of the scirpus maritima community of the intertidal zone of the Yangtze river mouth is mainly carried out by adopting a method of transplanting plants with soil in spring at present, although a certain effect is obtained, some obvious defects also exist at the same time: (1) due to the strong hydrokinetic environment and the muddy tidal flat, a large amount of labor is consumed in the plant transplanting process, the cost is high, and the large-area implementation is not facilitated; (2) the transferred plants need to be dug from the existing scirpus marigoldianus communities in intertidal zones, so that the digging and transportation process is high in cost, and certain influence can be generated on the original scirpus marigoldianus communities and the habitat.
Sexual propagation is also one of the important natural propagation modes of scirpus marianus, and the yield of the naturally well-grown scirpus marianus community seeds can reach 1500 grains/m2The above. The high seed yield provides a seed source basis for the recovery and reconstruction of scirpus marigolensis communities. Hydrokinetic deposition ring due to intertidal zone complexityAt present, no effective method for rapidly recovering scirpus marigoldianus communities in natural tidal beaches by utilizing seeds exists. Hitherto, there has been a method of restoring scirpus marigoldianus population using seeds (patent application No. CN 106258408), but the method has been carried out in a planting area in a seawall which is not affected by tide. In the implementation process, the planting area needs to be ploughed and kept at a certain water level, and the farming method cannot be realized in the natural tidal flat affected by the tide. The main reason is that the retention, the settlement and the emergence of scirpus marigolensis seeds are greatly limited due to the interference of complicated hydrokinetic sedimentation conditions, biological disturbance and the like in intertidal zones.
In conclusion, how to utilize the characteristic that scirpus maritima has abundant seed yield and overcome the strong influence of intertidal hydrokinetic deposition, the invention provides the seed-based ecological restoration technology and method for the natural community of scirpus maritima in the intertidal zone, which are simple, effective, easy to operate and low in cost, and has important significance for realizing the large-scale restoration and reconstruction of the natural community of scirpus maritima in the intertidal zone of the Yangtze river mouth and the Hangzhou bay.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a novel method for ecological restoration of natural scirpus community in intertidal zone of Yangtze estuary and Hangzhou bay, which is simple, convenient, effective, easy to operate and low in cost. The invention overcomes the problems that the seeding and survival of scirpus marigoldenrod seeds are influenced by strong hydrologic dynamic force in intertidal zones and the traditional transplanting of scirpus marigoldenrod plants with soil is difficult and high in cost.
In view of the complex hydrokinetic deposition environment in intertidal zones, the invention creates a new method for seed auxiliary sowing in a proper time and a proper place on the basis of field research for many years so as to ensure the successful colonization and growth of scirpus marianus seeds in a proper time-space opportunity window. The natural community of scirpus marigolense is recovered quickly and at low cost in an intertidal zone by collecting and pretreating scirpus marigolensis seeds, accurately selecting a suitable habitat and suitable time and adopting a seed auxiliary sowing method.
The specific technical scheme for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows:
an intertidal zone scirpus natural community ecological restoration method comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: in autumn 10 months before the seeds of scirpus marigoldianus are mature and not fall off, collecting the whole fruit cluster, placing the fruit cluster in a dry place for air drying and peeling off the seeds, wherein the thousand seed weight is about 6.5 g-7.0 g, and 1kg of the seeds can reach 14-15 ten thousand seeds. Before sowing, the air-dried seeds and the wet sand are stirred and mixed uniformly according to the volume ratio of 1:2, and then the mixture is placed in a 4 ℃ artificial climate box for vernalization for 30-60 days. The experimental result shows that the germination rate of scirpus marigold seeds can be improved from 10% to 80-90% through vernalization treatment;
step 2: selecting a spatial window suitable for recovering a reconstruction region
Carrying out tidal flat elevation and hydrodynamic measurement in an intertidal zone area where the scirpus marigolensis community is to be restored and reconstructed in spring for 3-4 months every year; selecting the elevation of Wurime on the beach surface to be within the range of 2.2m to 3.0m and the maximum wave energy density to be 250J/m2Average wave energy of up to 50J/m2The intertidal zone area is used as a suitable space window of a scirpus marigolense natural community restoration reconstruction area;
and step 3: selecting a proper sowing time window, and performing gunny bag assisted seed sowing during the period of recovering the small tide signal and the tide falling of the reestablished area of the scirpus maritime community when the average air temperature reaches at least 15 ℃ in spring days (from the middle ten days of 4 months to the last ten days of 5 months); the adoption of the gunny bag auxiliary seeding mode can effectively improve the tidal erosion resistance of the seeds; selecting a gunny bag with the size of 100cm multiplied by 60cm multiplied by 10cm and the aperture of 1mm, wherein the gunny bag can be degraded in a natural state. The gunny bag auxiliary seeding method comprises the following steps: digging 100cm × 60cm × 10cm pits with spade on intertidal zone beach surface of reconstruction region to be restored, mixing well the vernalized Sparganium Ribes seeds with tidal flat sediments, and filling into auxiliary sowing hemp bags (seed density is 1000-2) And the tidal flat sediment is buried in the pit and fixed on the beach surface by a plurality of U-shaped wooden nails, and a small amount of tidal flat sediment is covered on the tidal flat sediment, so that the gunny bag is flush with the beach surface.
And 4, step 4: after the gunny bag is used for assisting seed sowing, the emergence rate, the survival rate, the plant height and the coverage of scirpus maritima are monitored every week. One month later, the emergence rate and survival rate of scirpus marigoldendori can be increasedOver 10%, the density can reach 100 strains/m2And the indexes of plant density, height, coverage and the like are in an increasing trend along with the growing season, and the ecological restoration method of the natural community of scirpus marigolensis in the intertidal zone can be considered to be completed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. based on the principle of 'opportunity window' in ecology, the importance of selecting proper time and carrying out gunny bag assisted seed sowing in proper places is emphasized, and the problems that the sowing and survival of scirpus maritima seeds are influenced by strong hydrodynamics conditions in intertidal zones and the traditional scirpus maritima plant transplanting with soil is difficult and high in cost are solved. The invention discloses a novel method for ecological restoration of natural communities of scirpus marigoldianus, which is simple, effective, easy to operate and low in cost. Successfully applies the ecological principle to the practice of coastal wetland ecosystem restoration.
2. According to the invention, the collected scirpus marigoldianus seeds are vernalized in a laboratory, so that the germination rate is greatly improved, and the loss caused by strong tidal scouring and animal foraging on the tidal flat of scirpus marigoldianus seeds in autumn and winter is avoided.
3. By the aid of the method, a proper place (a space window) is selected for the natural community restoration and reconstruction of scirpus marigolensis, and success rate of the natural community restoration and reconstruction of scirpus marigolense is greatly improved.
4. By the method, the proper time (time window) for sowing the scirpus maritimus seeds in the middle ten days of spring 4 to 5 months is determined, the rapid seedling emergence and settlement of the scirpus maritimus is promoted, and the loss caused by strong tidal scouring and animal foraging on the tidal flat of the scirpus maritimus in autumn and winter is avoided.
5. The gunny bag assisted seed sowing method effectively overcomes the interference of tidal flat hydrologic dynamic conditions, and improves the emergence rate and survival rate of scirpus marigoldianus seeds. The hemp bags and the U-shaped wooden nails are degradable plant materials, and cannot pollute the tidal flat environment.
6. The method has the advantages of low cost, simple process and easy operation. By applying the method, the cost for restoring the natural community of the scirpus marigolense in the intertidal zone is only about 200 yuan per mu (including manpower), which is only one seventh of the traditional method for transplanting the scirpus marigolense plants with soil in the intertidal zone, and is beneficial to large-area implementation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a scirpus marigoldianus community restoration and reconstruction area according to an embodiment of the present invention; wherein a is the position of the chongmingteng natural protection area beach wetland selected by the embodiment; b is the scirpus marigolense community restoration and reconstruction area of the embodiment.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
Examples
The national natural protection area of Chongming Dongtian Tibet birds is the estuary type tidal flat wetland with the largest scale and the most complete development of the Yangtze estuary. High-intensity human activities and global changes have great influence on Chongming east beach wetland, which is mainly reflected in that the environment suitable for protecting organisms (including local species scirpus maritima) is greatly reduced due to the invasion of foreign species Spartina alterniflora. In the ecological restoration subject of 'reconstruction and rejuvenation technology of scirpus marigoldianus population in intertidal zone' of Chongming east beach, the invention is adopted to successfully carry out the test and demonstration of the ecological restoration method of scirpus marigoldianus community in intertidal zone based on 'opportunity window' and seeds outside the natural tidal flat (31 degrees 30 '25' N-31 degrees 30 '51' N, 121 degrees 59 '7' E-121 degrees 59 '28' E) (attached figure 1) of the middle sea embankment of a natural protection area.
In 2017, in 10-11 months, before the scirpus maritima seeds are mature and do not fall off, collecting the seeds in a distribution area of scirpus maritima in the natural tidal flat of east beach, and placing the seeds in a dry place indoors for air drying. And uniformly stirring and mixing the air-dried seeds and the wet sand in a volume ratio of 1:2, and then putting the mixture into a 4 ℃ artificial climate box for vernalization for 30-60 days. The germination rate of the scirpus marigoldianus seeds after vernalization treatment exceeds 80 percent.
In 2018, in 3 months, tidal flat elevation and hydrodynamic measurement are carried out in an area (shown in figure 1) where scirpus maritima recovery reconstruction is to be carried out. And carrying out tidal flat elevation measurement by using an elevation measurement device GPS-RTK or a ground three-dimensional laser scanning system. By usingRBR Tide instruments (Tide Wave Recorder-2050, TWR-2050) measure tidal flat Wave intensity along the tidal flat elevation gradient. Selecting the elevation of Wurime on the beach surface to be within the range of 2.5-3.0 m, and the maximum wave energy density to be 150-200J/m2The average wave energy is 20-40J/m2The tidal flat is a test and demonstration area of an intertidal zone scirpus marigolensis community ecological restoration method based on an opportunity window and seeds.
In 4-month middle ten days in 2018, the daily average air temperature is 18 ℃, and gunny bag auxiliary seed sowing is carried out during the period of recovering the small tide and the tide falling of the reestablishment area of the scirpus maritima community in the intertidal zone. The seeding process of the gunny bag auxiliary seeds is as follows: digging 100cm × 60cm × 10cm pits on intertidal zone beach surface of the restoration reconstruction area by using a spade, selecting gunny bags with the size of 100cm × 60cm × 10cm and the aperture of 1mm, fully mixing the vernalized scirpus maritime L seeds with tidal flat sediments, and filling the mixture into auxiliary sowing gunny bags (the seed density is 1000-2) And the tidal flat sediment is buried in the pit and fixed on the beach surface by a plurality of U-shaped wooden nails, and a small amount of tidal flat sediment is covered on the tidal flat sediment, so that the gunny bag is flush with the beach surface. A total of 3 test sample areas were set up at 2.5m, 2.8m and 3.0m tidal flat elevations, 5 replicates per elevation.
The results of the assay monitoring evaluation are as follows:
in late 5 months in 2018 (50 days after sowing), the seedling emergence of scirpus variegatus in the experimental sample area begins; in the last 6 th-month ten days (60 days after sowing), the emergence rate of scirpus maritima seeds is 18% +/-7%; the plant density in the seeding test sample area of the gunny bag auxiliary seeds reaches 522 +/-190 plants/m in 7 middle ten days (90 days after seeding)2. 540 +/-79 plants/m of natural community density of nearby tidal flat sea scirpus triquetrum2Is close to and obviously higher than the prior intertidal zone by 74.6 +/-5.8-216.0 +/-8.3 plants/m of the annual population density of the method for transplanting scirpus maritima plants with soil in spring2。
According to the comprehensive estimation of market value, the cost for restoring the scirpus marigoldianus community in the intertidal zone by applying the method is 200 yuan/mu (containing materials and manpower), and is obviously lower than that of the existing restoring method (1400 yuan/mu) for transplanting scirpus marigoldianus plants with soil. Meanwhile, the method has good effect of restoring and rebuilding the scirpus marigoldianus natural community and short restoration period.
Therefore, the test result of the embodiment shows that the novel method for restoring the ecology of the scirpus marigoldens community in the intertidal zone based on the opportunity window and the seeds has the advantages of simple process, low cost, easy operation, rapidness and effectiveness, can provide reliable technical support for the large-scale restoration and reconstruction of the scirpus marigolensis natural community in the intertidal zone, and has important ecological benefit and economic benefit.
Claims (1)
1. An intertidal zone scirpus natural community ecological restoration method is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
step 1: seed collection and pretreatment
Collecting the whole fruit cluster in autumn 10 months before the seeds of scirpus marigolense are mature and do not fall off, and placing the fruit cluster in a dry place to air-dry and strip off the seeds; before sowing, uniformly stirring and mixing the air-dried seeds and the wet sand in a volume ratio of 1:2, and then putting the mixture into a 4 ℃ artificial climate box for vernalization for 30-60 days; wherein the thousand seed weight is 6.5-7.0 g, and 1kg of seeds is 14-15 ten thousand seeds;
step 2: selecting a spatial window suitable for recovering a reconstruction region
Carrying out tidal flat elevation and hydrodynamic measurement in an intertidal zone area where the scirpus marigolensis community is to be restored and reconstructed in spring for 3-4 months every year; selecting the elevation of Wurime on the beach surface to be within the range of 2.2m to 3.0m and the maximum wave energy density to be 250J/m2Average wave energy of up to 50J/m2The intertidal zone area is used as a suitable space window of a scirpus marigolense natural community restoration reconstruction area;
and step 3: selecting a time window suitable for planting and sowing
In the middle ten days of spring 4 months to the last ten days of spring 5 months, carrying out gunny bag assisted seed sowing during the period of recovering the reestablished district small tide signal and falling tide of the scirpus maritima community in the intertidal zone when the daily average air temperature reaches at least 15 ℃; selecting a gunny bag with the size of 100cm multiplied by 60cm multiplied by 10cm and the aperture of 1mm, wherein the gunny bag can be degraded in a natural state; the gunny bag auxiliary sowing method comprises the following steps: digging a pit with the size of 100cm multiplied by 60cm multiplied by 10cm by a shovel on the beach surface of the intertidal zone of the area to be restored and rebuiltFully mixing the vernalized scirpus maritima seeds with tidal flat sediments, filling the mixture into the jute bags for auxiliary sowing, wherein the density of the seeds in the jute bags is 1000-2(ii) a Burying the auxiliary seed sowing gunny bag into the pit, fixing the auxiliary seed sowing gunny bag on the beach surface by using a plurality of U-shaped wood nails, and covering a small amount of tidal flat sediments to enable the gunny bag to be flush with the beach surface so as to effectively improve the tidal erosion resistance of the seeds;
and 4, step 4: monitoring and evaluating the effect of ecological restoration method
After the gunny bag is used for assisting seed sowing, the emergence rate, the survival rate, the plant height and the coverage of scirpus maritima are monitored every week; after one month, the emergence rate and survival rate of scirpus maritima can exceed 10%, and the indexes of plant density, height and coverage degree are in rising trend along with the growing season, so that the natural community of scirpus maritima is recovered completely.
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| CN112075294B (en) * | 2020-08-18 | 2022-04-12 | 华东师范大学 | Natural recovery method of scirpus marigolense community based on intertidal zone natural power process |
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