CN112075294B - Natural recovery method of scirpus marigolense community based on intertidal zone natural power process - Google Patents
Natural recovery method of scirpus marigolense community based on intertidal zone natural power process Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a scirpus marigoldianus community natural restoration method based on an intertidal zone natural power process, and relates to the technical field of ecological restoration. The method only needs to select proper time and proper area to be restored, puts vernalized seeds in a set seed source putting place, utilizes the natural tidal flat hydrologic deposition power process, realizes the natural restoration of the scirpus maritima community on the basis of following the natural restoration law, has no influence on the environment, has simple process, low cost (containing materials and manpower, 100 yuan/mu), is easy to operate, is quick and effective, can provide reliable technical support for the large-scale natural restoration reconstruction of the scirpus maritime burbank community, and has important ecological benefit and economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological restoration, and particularly relates to a scirpus marigolensis community natural restoration method based on an intertidal zone natural power process.
Background
Scirpus marianus (Scirpus mariqueter) is a herb of Scirpus of Cyperaceae (Cyperaceae). The main species are the unique species in China and the key species and pioneer species which are settled and diffused at the front edge of the tidal flat and the wet ground of the Yangtze river mouth. The ecological water-retaining agent is one of the most important group building species in the Yangtze river estuary wetland ecological system, has important ecological service functions of wave elimination, wave reduction, silt promotion, beach fixation and the like, and plays an important role in the Yangtze river estuary wetland ecological system. In addition, the scirpus marigoldens corms, rhizomes and seeds also provide plant-derived feed for wetland aquatic birds such as wild geese, ducks and cranes, and are also important food sources for zooplankton, benthic invertebrates and fishes. Therefore, the scirpus marigoldendori is used as an important primary producer of the coastal wetland of the Yangtze river mouth, plays an irreplaceable role in the sedimentation power process of the tidal flat of the Yangtze river mouth, the maintenance of the biological habitat and the like, and has extremely high ecological value and ecological service function.
In recent years, due to human activity interference and the influence of invasion of foreign species Sparrasis alterniflora, the survival of the indigenous salina plants such as Sparrasis crispa is seriously threatened, the distribution area is sharply reduced, even the indigenous salina plants disappear in partial sea areas, and only a few small plaques remain. How to rebuild scirpus marigoldendori populations on natural mudflats becomes a problem to be solved urgently, the traditional repair technology needs to dig and pick the scirpus marigoldendori corms, seedlings or transplant artificially after clumping, although a certain repair effect can be obtained, the manpower and material resources are consumed greatly, the scirpus marigoldendori populations in the seedling digging area are damaged to a certain extent, and in addition, the roots of the scirpus marigoldendori transplanted artificially are fragile, and are not resistant to flooding, seawater scouring and salt stress, so that the satisfactory effect is difficult to obtain.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a scirpus mariqueter community natural restoration method based on an intertidal zone natural power process, which realizes natural propagation, field planting and survival of seeds by relying on a natural tidal flat hydrological deposition power process on the basis of selecting a suitable area to be restored and putting scirpus mariqueter seed sources into the ground, and finally achieves the natural restoration effect of scirpus mariqueter communities.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a scirpus marigoldianus community natural restoration method based on an intertidal zone natural power process, which comprises the following steps: monitoring environmental parameters of a tidal flat in the field, determining a proper area to be repaired and a proper placement place of a scirpus marianus seed source, placing scirpus marianus seed subjected to vernalization treatment in the placement place when the daily average temperature is higher than 15 ℃ and the small tide flood is low tide in the sunshine 4-6 months, and realizing natural restoration of scirpus marianus community by utilizing a natural tidal flat hydrologic deposition power process.
Preferably, the tidal flat environmental parameters include tidal flat elevation, vertical sedimentation rate, average wave energy density and average flow velocity tidal flat elevation, hydrodynamic and sedimentary dynamics.
Preferably, the area to be repaired has no other vegetation growth, and has proper habitat conditions through field observation.
Preferably, suitable habitat conditions include a mudflat rime elevation of 2.2-3.5 m, a siltation greater than or equal to erosion, a maximum vertical siltation rate less than 10 cm/month, and an average wave energy density less than 50J/m2And the average flow velocity is 0.1-0.5 m/s in the intertidal zone.
Preferably, the scirpus marigoldianus seed source is thrown away from a dam, the seed throwing is convenient to implement, the scirpus marigoldianus seed source can be submerged by tidal water at a high tide level, and no water facilities exist in the range of 200-500 m around the scirpus marigoldianus seed source.
Preferably, the seed putting amount of the scirpus maritima seed source for putting scirpus maritima is 0.2-0.6 kg/m2。
Preferably, the vernalization treatment comprises: collecting complete clusters of scirpus marigolense in autumn, and placing the clusters in a dry place to air-dry and strip off seeds; 30-45 days before the seeds are planned to be put, mixing the seeds and the wet sand in a volume ratio of 1:2, and then placing the mixture in an environment at 4 ℃ for vernalization for at least 1 month.
Preferably, during the vernalization treatment, water is sprayed onto the sand to ensure that the moisture content of the sand is not less than 80%, and the mixture of seeds and wet sand is tumbled once per week.
The invention provides a scirpus marigolense community natural recovery method based on an intertidal zone natural power process, which is characterized in that after seeds are put in a proper time and a proper place, the natural hydrologic deposition power process is used for diffusion, and the method is called as a 'seed engine'; specifically, in the scheme of the invention, the seed after vernalization is put in a seed source throwing place set in the area to be restored, the natural recovery of the scirpus maritima community is realized on the basis of following the natural recovery law by utilizing the natural tidal flat hydrologic deposition power process, the environment is not influenced, the process is simple, the cost is low (including materials and manpower, 100 yuan/mu), the operation is easy, the operation is rapid and effective, reliable technical support can be provided for large-scale recovery and reconstruction of the scirpus maritima natural community in the intertidal zone, and the ecological benefit and the economic benefit are important.
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FIG. 1 is a diagram of a natural recovery test and an exemplary location of a Scirpus maritima population, wherein a is a diagram of a location of a to-be-recovered area of a Scirpus maritima population, and b is a diagram of an elevation monitoring result and a seed source throwing location of the to-be-recovered area;
fig. 2 shows the natural recovery effect of scirpus marianus seeds after 5 months of seed placement, wherein a is a spatial distribution diagram of scirpus marianus recovered plaques, b is a field photograph of seed placement in a seed source placement area, and c is a field photograph of recovered scirpus marianus plaques.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a scirpus marigoldianus community natural restoration method based on an intertidal zone natural power process, which comprises the following steps: monitoring environmental parameters of a tidal flat in the field, determining a region to be repaired and a seed place of scirpus maritime, putting scirpus maritime seeds subjected to vernalization into the seed place in the low tide of small tide at the daily average temperature of more than 15 ℃ in 4-6 months in the sunshine, and realizing natural restoration of scirpus maritime communities by utilizing the natural hydrodynamic process of the tidal flat.
The tidal flat environmental parameters of the invention preferably comprise tidal flat elevation, vertical siltation rate, average wave energy density and average flow velocity tidal flat elevation, hydrodynamic force and sedimentary force; the suitable area to be repaired preferably needs to satisfy the following conditions: no other vegetation grows, and the field observation shows that the ecological environment has proper habitat conditions. The suitable habitat conditions preferably comprise that the elevation of Wurime on beach surface is 2.2-3.5 m, and siltation is larger than or equal toEqual to erosion, with a maximum vertical sedimentation rate of less than 10 cm/month and an average wave energy density of less than 50J/m2An intertidal zone having an average flow velocity of 0.1 to 0.5 m/s; the scirpus marigoldianus seed source is preferably far away from a dam, the seed feeding is convenient to implement, the scirpus marigoldianus seed source can be submerged by tidal water at a high tide level, and no water facilities exist in the range of 200-500 m around the scirpus marigoldianus seed source. Under the condition that elevation of the Wurime freezing on beach surface is 2.2-3.5 m, the optimum flooding conditions of scirpus maritima seed germination and seedling growth are met; the siltation is more than or equal to the erosion, so that the seeds and the germinated seedlings are prevented from being washed away, and the retention rate of the seeds and the germinated seedlings is improved; the maximum vertical siltation rate is less than 10cm/, so that seeds and germinated seedlings are prevented from being buried by sediments, and the seed germination and seedling survival of the seeds are guaranteed; under the condition of average flow velocity of 0.1-0.5 m/s, the seeds and the seedlings germinated from the seeds can be started and spread, and key power conditions are provided for further diffusion; 4-6 months, the daily average temperature is higher than 15 ℃, the temperature condition required by the germination of scirpus marigolense seeds can be met, the scirpus marigolense seeds can germinate rapidly, and the germinated seedlings are easy to naturally spread and fix under the natural hydrologic deposition power process; and the low tide level in the flood season of the small tide can ensure that the seeds are not influenced by the tide water for at least 6-8 hours, so that the thrown seeds cannot be immediately washed away by the tide water and temporarily remain on the beach surface, and the seeds naturally diffuse along with the tide water when the next suitable tide level is reached. The invention realizes the natural restoration of large-area scirpus marianus colonies based on a 'seed engine' mode, namely after seeds are put in a proper time and a proper place, the seeds are diffused by virtue of a natural hydrologic deposition power process, namely the 'seed engine', and particularly, a key time window is provided for scirpus marianus seed germination and further diffusion by selecting proper time; the method has the advantages that the proper seed throwing land is selected, scouring and burying of the thrown seeds in the tidal flat natural hydrology and deposition power process are reduced, the influence of the seeds or the seeds for germination is facilitated, meanwhile, the natural hydrodynamic process is utilized, the seeds and the germinated seedlings are promoted to diffuse around from the seed source throwing land, the seeds and the germinated seedlings are settled, and finally, the large-area scirpus marianus community natural restoration is realized.
In the embodiment of the invention, the elevation of Wurime on beach surface is preferably 2.2-3.5 m, and siltation is more than or equal to invasionErosion, maximum vertical siltation rate less than 10 cm/month, and average wave energy density below 50J/m2The intertidal zone with the average flow velocity of 0.1-0.5 m/s is a suitable zone to be repaired; a seed source throwing place is arranged in a region which is far away from a dam, is convenient to throw seeds, can be submerged by tidal water at a high tide level and has no water conservancy facilities such as drainage channels/water gates within the range of 200-500 m; and taking the low tide time of the small tide flood season of 4-6 months of the solar calendar as the proper seed throwing time. Therefore, when the tide is low in 4-6 months per year, the vernalized scirpus marianus seeds can be put in a set seed source throwing place, and the inter-tidal zone scirpus marianus community natural recovery based on the 'seed engine' is implemented.
The vernalization treatment of scirpus marianus seeds preferably comprises the steps of collecting complete clusters of scirpus marianus in autumn, and placing the clusters in a dry place for air drying and stripping seeds; mixing the air-dried seeds with wet sand, and performing vernalization treatment in an environment at 4 ℃ until the next spring. The fruit cluster is preferably the fruit cluster with mature seeds and without shedding when the fruit cluster is 10 months in autumn. The method comprises the steps of mixing seeds and wet sand in a volume ratio of 1:2 30-45 days before planned seed feeding, and then performing vernalization treatment in an environment at 4 ℃ for at least 1 month. In the vernalization treatment period, water is preferably sprayed on the sand to ensure that the moisture content of the sand is not lower than 80%, and the sand is turned once a week to keep a certain oxygen content in the matrix. The thousand-grain weight of the peeled seeds is preferably 6.5g to 7.0g, and 14 ten thousand to 15 ten thousand grains are contained in 1kg of seeds; through the sand burying treatment of the layers, scirpus marigoldianus seeds can germinate on the 3 rd day under the temperature change treatment, and the average germination rate can be improved to more than 60% on the 10 th day.
The seed source throwing area is not less than 0.2-0.6 kg/m2The seed putting amount of scirpus marigolense determines the area of seed sources. In a proper seed putting period, the scirpus marigoldianus seeds subjected to vernalization pretreatment are uniformly spread manually, so that the natural diffusion of the seeds and the germinated seedlings is facilitated, the compaction and burying treatment is not carried out after the seeds are put, and any manual measure is not carried out after the seeds are sown.
The following will describe the natural restoration method of scirpus intertidal zone based on "seed engine" in detail with reference to the following examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The national natural protection area of Chongming Dongtiang Tibet birds is a estuary type tidal flat wetland with the largest scale and the most complete development of a Yangtze estuary and is also an international important wetland. In recent years, foreign species Spartina alterniflora invade the protected species (including the local species Sparganium scirpum) and the suitable habitat is sharply reduced. In 2013-2016, a Sparganium crispum community natural restoration method based on a seed engine is successfully tested and demonstrated by a Sparganium crispum community natural restoration method based on a seed engine outside a sea bank in the middle of a natural protection area (31 degrees 33 '30' N-31 degrees 34 '12' N, 121 degrees 56 '9' E-121 degrees 57 '12' E) (attached figure 1) by adopting the method provided by the invention and an artificial provenance providing method when a large-area non-planting and non-covering light beach habitat is formed in an intertidal zone of a natural tidal zone of an engineering area after Sparganium crispum is treated, and the Sparganium crispum community natural restoration method based on the intertidal zone of the natural protection area is successfully carried out outside the sea bank in 2018-2019.
Collecting large amount of scirpus marigolense clusters before seeds of scirpus marigolense are mature and do not fall off in 2018 and 10 months, and placing the scirpus marigolense clusters in a dry place for air drying and peeling off the seeds; in 2019 for 3 months (1 month before seed putting), stirring and uniformly mixing the air-dried seeds and the wet sand in a volume ratio of 1:2, and then putting the mixture into a 4 ℃ artificial climate box for vernalization; during the period, timely water supplement is taken to ensure that the water content of the sand is not lower than 80 percent, and the activity of the seeds is kept by turning over once a week. Wherein the thousand seed weight is 6.5 g-7.0 g, and 1kg seed weight is 14 ten thousand-15 ten thousand seed weight; through the layered sand burying treatment, scirpus marigoldenrod seeds begin to germinate at 3 days under the temperature change treatment, and the average germination rate of the scirpus marigolensis seeds is 65% in 10 days.
In 2019, in 4 months, in a south-side natural beach of a Dongwang sand water gate in a Chongdong beach bird natural protection area (shown in figure 1) in an implementation sample area of the invention, beach elevation measurement and hydrologic dynamic process monitoring are carried out, and a proper area to be repaired (a in figure 1) and a proper seed throwing position (b in figure 1) are determined by combining historical data. Suitable areas to be repaired areThe height of the intertidal zone shown in (a) in figure 1 is in the range of 2.2-3.2 m, the vertical siltation rate of the area is 3.25 cm/month on average and the average wave energy is lower than 36.2J/m2The average flow rate was 0.21 m/s. On the basis, 1200 mu of natural tidal flat is selected as a to-be-recovered area (a blue frame area in figure 1) for natural recovery of scirpus marigolensis communities. The seed source is selected to be placed in an area 30m from the sea wall, 650m from the drainage canal and 3.1m in elevation, which can be completely flooded by tidal water at the time of small tide and high tide (b in fig. 1). The amount of seeds which can be put after vernalization is 40kg, according to 0.2-0.6 kg/m2The seed putting amount of Scirpus maritima determines the seed source putting area to be 75m2(5m 15m), the actual seed input amount is 0.53kg/m2. According to the regional tide table, the tidal flood season is 5 days before and after 16 days at 4 months, 28 days at 4 months, 13 days at 5 months, 28 days at 5 months and 11 days at 6 months, and the low tide time period in the time period is the proper seed throwing time.
On day 28/4/2019, a 5 × 15m sample area was set up in a seed source-delivering place set in the intertidal zone on the south side of the dongwang sand sluice (fig. 2), and four corners of the sample boundary were marked with PVC pipes (fig. 2 b). Uniformly spreading 40kg of the primordium stringy scirpus seeds subjected to vernalization pretreatment in a 5 x 15m sample formula, wherein the seed density is about 70000-80000 seeds/m2The seeds fall on the surface of the sediment under the gravity condition without compaction and burying.
When the seeds are thrown for 90 days, 120 days and 150 days, the average plant height of the scirpus marigoldianus seedlings is more than 20cm, the remote sensing image of the repair area is shot by using the unmanned aerial vehicle at low altitude (30-50 m from the ground), and field monitoring is synchronously carried out. Through field monitoring and remote sensing interpretation analysis, in late 7 months in 2019 (after 90 days of seed putting), the average plant height of scirpus marigoldendori plaques is naturally recovered to be 22.9cm, and the repair area is 91.5 mu; in late 8-month ten days (after seeds are put in for 120 days), the average plant height of scirpus marigolense plaques is naturally recovered to be 28.2cm, and the repair area is 194 mu; in late 9 months (150 days after seeds are put in), the average plant height of scirpus marigolense plaques is naturally recovered to be 30.1cm, and the repair area is 265 mu (a in figure 2); the average density of plant plaques is 221 plants/m2. Is obviously higher than 74.6 of the current-year population density of the previous method for transplanting scirpus marigoldenrod plants with soil in spring5.8 to 216.0 + -8.3 strains/m2. At this time, the seedlings are diffused in multiple directions (c in fig. 2), the growth indexes such as plant height and density gradually rise, the naturally diffused scirpus maritima seedlings successfully settle, and large-area natural communities are gradually formed on the mudflats by the scirpus maritima.
According to the comprehensive estimation of market value, the cost for restoring the scirpus marianus intertidal zone by applying the method is 100 yuan/mu (containing materials and labor), the cost is lower than that of a gunny bag assisted planting restoring method (200 yuan/mu) (CN201810864917.4), and the cost is obviously lower than that of the existing restoring method (1400 yuan/mu) for transplanting scirpus marianus with soil. Meanwhile, the method for restoring scirpus marigoldianus communities follows the natural tidal flat hydrologic deposition dynamic process and the natural restoration law of scirpus marigoldianus, and the influence of restoration engineering or technology on the existing habitat is reduced to the maximum extent. The transplanting is not needed in the implementation process, so that the method has no influence on the existing scirpus marigoldianus population.
Comparative example 1
Collecting seeds such as the Huzhou construction, performing vernalization treatment, and transplanting the seeds into the field when about 50 seedlings germinate and the height of the seedlings reaches 10-15 cm after the seeds are grown in a seedling bag. The specific differences are as follows:
because the scirpus marigolense seedlings which are germinated and cultured indoors after artificial vernalization are short and slender, underground root systems are fragile and difficult to cope with tide scouring stress, silt siltation and burial stress and other reasons, all the seedlings die or are washed away by tide flow in 9 months, and the recovery of scirpus marigolense communities cannot be realized through field planting after seedling culture; and more labor, material and time costs are needed for indoor seedling culture before field planting.
Comparative example 2
The successful restoration of scirpus marigolense communities is also realized by the methods of burley bag assisted planting, such as Yunlin and the like (CN201810864917.4), and the specific differences are as follows:
the vernalized seeds and sediments are required to be mixed and then put into a gunny bag and fixed on a tidal flat, and the recovered scirpus marianus is mainly concentrated in a gunny bag area and has limited ability of diffusing to the periphery; the seeds and the sediments need to be mixed, put into sacks and fixed on the beach surface, and certain labor is needed; the cost is about 200 yuan/mu because of the need of auxiliary materials such as sacks and the like.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A scirpus marigolensis community natural restoration method based on an intertidal zone natural power process is characterized by comprising the following steps: monitoring tidal flat environmental parameters in the field, determining a proper area to be repaired and a proper placement place of a scirpus marianus seed source, placing vernalized scirpus marianus seed in the placement place in the small tide flood low tide at the daily average temperature of more than 15 ℃ in 4-6 months, and achieving natural restoration of the scirpus marianus community by utilizing a natural tidal flat hydrologic deposition power process;
the seed putting amount of the scirpus marianus seeds put into the scirpus marianus is 0.2-0.6 kg/m2；
The vernalization treatment comprises the following steps: collecting complete clusters of scirpus marigolense in autumn, and placing the clusters in a dry place to air-dry and strip off seeds; mixing the seeds and the wet sand in a volume ratio of 1:2 30-45 days before planned seed feeding, and then performing vernalization treatment in an environment at 4 ℃ for at least 1 month;
spraying water onto the sand during the vernalization treatment to ensure that the moisture content of the sand is not lower than 80%, and turning over the mixture of the seeds and the wet sand once a week;
suitable habitat conditions of the area to be restored comprise that the elevation of Wurime on the beach surface is 2.2-3.5 m, the vertical siltation rate is more than or equal to 0 cm/month and less than 10 cm/month, and the average wave energy density is less than 50J/m2And the average flow velocity is 0.1-0.5 m/s in the intertidal zone.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the tidal flat environment parameters include tidal flat elevation, vertical sedimentation rate, average wave energy density, and average flow velocity.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the suitable area to be remediated is free of other vegetation growth and has suitable habitat conditions as observed in field.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the scirpus marigoldianus seed source is thrown away from the dam, the seed throwing is convenient, the seed can be submerged by the tide at high tide level, and no water facilities exist within the range of 200-500 m around the seed.
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Citations (3)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106258408A (en) * | 2016-08-13 | 2017-01-04 | 复旦大学 | A kind of implantation methods recovering Scirpus mariqueter Natural Population |
| CN109005750A (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2018-12-18 | 华东师范大学 | A kind of intertidal belt submarine scirpus scirpus natural community ecological recovery method |
| CN112492913A (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2021-03-16 | 山东黄河三角洲国家级自然保护区管理委员会 | Intertidal zone three-dimensional repairing method |
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| CN106258408A (en) * | 2016-08-13 | 2017-01-04 | 复旦大学 | A kind of implantation methods recovering Scirpus mariqueter Natural Population |
| CN109005750A (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2018-12-18 | 华东师范大学 | A kind of intertidal belt submarine scirpus scirpus natural community ecological recovery method |
| CN112492913A (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2021-03-16 | 山东黄河三角洲国家级自然保护区管理委员会 | Intertidal zone three-dimensional repairing method |
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