CN108918667A - A kind of wedge defect inspection method - Google Patents
A kind of wedge defect inspection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108918667A CN108918667A CN201810394405.6A CN201810394405A CN108918667A CN 108918667 A CN108918667 A CN 108918667A CN 201810394405 A CN201810394405 A CN 201810394405A CN 108918667 A CN108918667 A CN 108918667A
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G01N29/44—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of wedge defect inspection methods, establish wedge wave dispersion relation in ideal wedge design, according to thermoelastic theory, establish ideal wedge model, along wedge direction of wave travel acquisition time-displacement waveform signal at equal intervals, wedge wave dispersion relation in ideal wedge design is obtained using two-dimensional Fourier transform method；Establish reflection, the transmission relational graph of wedge wave each mode when containing propagating in defective wedge；It establishes containing defective wedge design model and is calculated, carry out B-scan along wedge direction of wave travel, obtain reflection, the transmission relational graph of wedge wave each mode when containing propagating in defective wedge；Determine defective locations, estimates flaw size：Defect initial position is determined by the direct wave and back wave of wedge wave mode, defect final position is determined by the transmitted wave of wedge wave mode, and the depth of defect is determined by the intensity that the reflection of wedge wave involves transmitted wave.The present invention effectively reliably detects the defect of wedge, realizes wedge defect location and size estimation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to ultrasonic detecting technology field more particularly to a kind of wedge defect inspection methods.
Background technique
Wedge design material is a kind of very common structural material.The metal plate-like structure of non-uniform thickness, especially
Metal tapered member is widely used in industrial materials and its components.Tapered member occur wearing in use or
Person's damage is very common.The size of defect, position are the standards that can determination means continue to use, at the same be also industrial production and
A vital step in quality control.Therefore, find method that a kind of pair of wedge defect is detected and assessed have it is important
Meaning.
Ultrasound detection refers to when being propagated in test specimen using ultrasonic wave, with gross imperfection (crackle, bubble, impurity, tomography
Deng) interaction, the ultrasonic wave of reflection, transmission and scattering is studied, to be detected, measured and be commented to gross imperfection
The technology of valence.It includes what bulk wave, longitudinal wave, surface wave, scattered wave and mode were converted that the ultrasonic wave of detecting defects, which can be usually used to,
Ultrasonic wave etc..Currently, the method for ultrasound detection sample interior defect mainly has shear wave end reflections wave method, longitudinal wave end reflections
Wave method, ultrasonic diffraction time difference method (TOFD method) and the ultrasound phase-control tactical deployment of troops [Li Yan, " the new skill of the ultrasound detection of weld seam internal flaw
Art ", Chinese special safety equipment, 2005].Shear wave end reflections wave method and longitudinal wave end reflections wave method, ultrasonic transducer is put
It sets in tested defect side, is moved forward and backward probe, so that refracted shear wave or longitudinal wave is swept to defect end and defect opening position, by connecing
Probe displacement amount or time difference when receipts maximum reflection wave, find out flaw height according to geometrical relationship.Ultrasonic diffraction time difference method
(TOFD method) is the defectoscopy general name using defect end diffraction wave propagation time, is now referred exclusively to two same specification longitudinal wave oblique probes
It is opposite it is opposed, detected with one debit's formula of hair and quantitative method.The ultrasound phase-control tactical deployment of troops is by detecting sample to scanning sample
Defect inside product.
But there is presently no the researchs in terms of wedge point defect location and size detection.Wedge wave is one kind along wedge top
The guided wave propagated is held, it will form energy concentration, Dispersion Characteristics and modal cutoff in communication process.The frequency dispersion of wedge wave makes wedge
Wave mode is superimposed in communication process, and wedge wave mode cannot be distinguished in time domain waveform, can not easily be judged straight
Up to wave and back wave, therefore the above method is not suitable for the detection of wedge design.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by the present invention lies in provide a kind of wedge defect inspection method, swept according to B through
The Dispersion Characteristics that wave, back wave, transmission involve wedge wave determine defective locations, estimate flaw size.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, a kind of wedge defect inspection method of the invention,
A kind of wedge defect inspection method of the invention, includes the following steps：
(1) wedge wave dispersion relation in ideal wedge design is established：
Using finite element emulation software, ideal wedge model is established, acquires 64 or 128 at equal intervals along wedge direction of wave travel
M- displacement wave shape signal, obtains wedge wave dispersion relation in ideal wedge design using two-dimensional Fourier transform method when group；
(2) it establishes the reflection containing mode each when propagating in defective wedge, transmit relational graph：
Using finite element emulation software, establishes and contain defective wedge design model；B-scan is carried out along wedge direction of wave travel
And Bscan figure is drawn, obtain reflection, the transmission relational graph of wedge wave each mode when containing propagating in defective wedge；
(3) determine defective locations, estimate flaw size：
Defect initial position is determined by the direct wave and back wave of wedge wave mode；It is determined by the transmitted wave of wedge wave mode
Defect final position；The depth of defect is determined by the intensity that the reflection of wedge wave involves transmitted wave.
In step (1), wedge wave dispersion relation in the ideal wedge design of the foundation, the specific method is as follows：
1) finite element emulation software is utilized, ideal wedge model is established；According to thermoelastic theory, pulse laser irradiation to metal
After wedge material surface, energy is absorbed rapidly by surface layer；Under Thermoelastic regime, sample, which absorbs laser energy, causes localized heat swollen
It is swollen, generate transient Displacements field.
2) m- displacement wave shape signal when acquiring 64 or 128 groups at equal intervals along wedge direction of wave travel；Become using instantaneous Fourier
The transformation executed from time domain to frequency domain to it is changed, then it is executed using spatial Fourier transform and is turned from frequency domain to wave number
It changes；Using window function avoid leakage frequency phenomenon occur, and by signal carry out zero extension come so that maximum amplitude value in frequency
It is accurate with the position that occurs on wave-number domain, it obtains wedge wave frequency in ideal wedge design using two-dimensional Fourier transform method and dissipates to close
System, i.e. wedge wave mode A1、A2、A3、A4And its corresponding phase velocity V1、V2、V3、V4。
In step (2), reflection, the transmission relational graph of wedge wave each mode when containing propagating in defective wedge, tool are established
Body method is as follows：
1) utilize finite element software, establish be arranged containing defective wedge design model and being calculated defect position,
Defect shape, defect width, depth of defect parameter.
2) B-scan is carried out along wedge direction of wave travel and draw Bscan figure, obtain wedge wave when containing propagating in defective wedge
The reflection of each mode, transmission relational graph.
It is scanning distance hour before defect in step (3), as wave is propagated along wedge point, A1、A2、A3、A4Mode is gradually
It separates, wherein A1、A2Mode signals amplitude is strong；Reflection and transmission phenomenon occur when traveling to defective locations for wedge wave, wherein
A1The existing reflection RA for observing wedge wave11The transmission TA of wedge wave is observed again11Mode；A2Mode encounter defect occur reflection and
Transmission, back wave isolate RA in communication process21、RA22Mode, transmitted wave isolate TA in communication process21、TA22
Mode.
Defect initial position is determined by the direct wave and back wave of wedge wave mode, and the specific method is as follows：
A. wedge angle is less than or equal to 45 degree：The direct wave of wedge wave mode has A1、A2Mode, back wave have RA11、RA22、
RA21Mode；
According to dispersion relation, A is obtained1、A2The phase velocity of mode is V respectively1、V2, back wave RA11、RA21Parallel and phase velocity
For V1, back wave RA22Phase velocity is V2, it is assumed that V1、V2Mode is t respectively by the time that excitation point travels to defect2、t1, wedge point
Any position RA11、RA21The time difference △ t of appearance1=t2-t1, i.e. V1、V2Mode reaches the time difference of defect initial position, because
It is S that this, which obtains defect initial position apart from excitation point,1=V2V1△t1/(V2-V1)；
B. wedge angle is greater than 45 degree：Wedge wave only has A1Mode, back wave RA11Mode；
According to dispersion relation, A is obtained1Mode and back wave RA11The phase velocity of mode is V1, obtained apart from the position excitation point S '
Wedge wave mode A1, RA11The time of appearance is respectively t1、t2, therefore defective locations distance to take place be S "=V1×(t2-t1)/
2, therefore defect initial position is S apart from excitation point1=S '+V1×(t2-t1)/2。
Defect final position is determined by the transmitted wave of wedge wave mode, and the specific method is as follows：
C. wedge angle is less than or equal to 45 degree：The direct wave of wedge wave mode has A1、A2Mode, transmitted wave have TA11、TA22、
TA21Mode；
According to dispersion relation, A is obtained1、A2The phase velocity of mode is V respectively1、V2, transmitted wave TA11、TA21Parallel and phase velocity
For V1, transmitted wave TA22Phase velocity is V2, it is assumed that V1、V2Mode is respectively by the time that excitation point travels to defect final position
t4、t3, wedge point any position TA21、TA11The time difference △ t of appearance2=t4-t3, i.e. V1、V2Mode reaches defect final position
Time difference, thus obtaining defect final position apart from excitation point is S2=V2V1△t2/(V2-V1), transmitted wave is TA21、TA11Mould
The appearance of state is by defect final position as new point source of sound, but S2The distance that wedge wave is propagated in defect is contained, and
It can not accurately estimate the width of defect；Defect heteropleural is at excitation point S, TA22And TA21The time that mode occurs is t5、
t6, this positional distance defect terminal is S3=V2V1(t6-t5)/(V2-V1), combining step A, obtaining flaw size is △ S=S-
S1-S3；
D. wedge angle is greater than 45 degree：Wedge wave only has A1Mode, transmitted wave TA11Mode；
According to dispersion relation, A is obtained1Mode and transmitted wave TA11The phase velocity of mode is V1, at this time by B-scan by lacking
When falling into position, the width △ S of the variation preresearch estimates defect of amplitude.
The depth of defect is determined by the intensity that the reflection of wedge wave involves transmitted wave, specific method is：
The simulation model for establishing different depth of defect, by incidence wave A1Amplitude and transmitted wave TA11Amplitude is compared, just
Step, which is used as, judges depth of defect；
E. defect is most deep：Wedge wave only has back wave at this time, and without transmitted wave, excitation point and sensing point are individually positioned in defect
Two sides, sensing point is scanned along depth direction without wedge wave signal, excitation point with sensing point simultaneously at this time, when sensing point detect
When to wedge wave, scanning distance at this time is wedge wave depth of defect d；
F. depth of defect is smaller：Existing back wave has transmitted wave again at this time, by incidence wave A1Amplitude and transmitted wave TA11Width
Value is compared, according to a preliminary estimate depth of defect d, the S in conjunction with obtained in step A1, the S that is calculated in step B2, △ S estimation lack
Fall into shape；
G, depth of defect very little：Back wave and transmitted wave at this time is very weak, cannot be used to estimate depth of defect；Along wedge wave
The direction of propagation acquires m- displacement wave shape signal at 64 or 128 groups at equal intervals, analyzes wedge wave frequency using two-dimensional Fourier transform method
The relationship of dissipating, compared with the dispersion relation of ideal wedge, A1Mode observes apparent frequency dispersion, and the size of frequency dispersion is for estimating defect
Depth d.
The present invention has the beneficial effect that：
Due to containing angled information along containing the wedge wave propagated in defective wedge, by the direct wave of wedge wave mode and anti-
Ejected wave determines defect initial position；Defect final position is determined by the transmitted wave of wedge wave mode；Involved by the reflection of wedge wave
The intensity of transmitted wave primarily determines that the depth of defect, the present invention preferably locating wedge volume defect, estimation flaw size can be improved and be surveyed
Accuracy of measurement can be used for the on-line monitoring of industry.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the flow diagram of one embodiment of wedge defect inspection method provided by the invention；
Fig. 2 is containing defective wedge design schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is the emulation Bscan figure of defect wedge.
Specific embodiment
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Site preparation description, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts every other
Embodiment shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is the flow diagram of one embodiment of wedge defect inspection method provided by the invention, as shown in Figure 1,
Including：
The first step establishes wedge wave frequency in ideal wedge design and dissipates relation curve；
1) according to thermoelastic theory, ideal wedge simulation model is established.After pulse laser irradiation to metal wedge material surface,
Its energy is absorbed rapidly by surface layer.Under Thermoelastic regime, sample, which absorbs laser energy, leads to local thermal expansion, to generate transient state
Displacement field.
2) m- displacement wave shape signal when acquiring 64 or 128 groups at equal intervals along wedge direction of wave travel；Become using instantaneous Fourier
The transformation executed from time domain to frequency domain to it is changed, then it is executed using spatial Fourier transform and is turned from frequency domain to wave number
It changes；Usually leakage frequency phenomenon is avoided to occur using window function such as Hanning window etc., and by carrying out zero extension to signal come so that most
The position that substantially angle value occurs in frequency and wave-number domain is more accurate.Ideal wedge has been obtained using two-dimensional Fourier transform method
Wedge wave mode A can be obtained in wedge wave dispersion relation in body structure1, A2, A3, A4Deng and its corresponding phase velocity V1, V2, V3, V4Deng.
Second step establishes the reflection containing mode each when propagating in defective wedge, transmits relational graph；
1) it according to thermoelastic theory, establishes containing defective wedge design model and is calculated.Be arranged defect position,
The parameters such as defect shape, defect width, depth of defect.
2) B-scan is carried out along wedge direction of wave travel and draw Bscan figure, obtain wedge wave when containing propagating in defective wedge
The reflection of each mode, transmission relational graph.
Third step determines defective locations, estimates flaw size.
1) defect initial position is determined by the direct wave and back wave of wedge wave mode；
2) defect final position is determined by the transmitted wave of wedge wave mode；
3) depth of defect is primarily determined by the intensity that the reflection of wedge wave involves transmitted wave.
Fig. 2 is laser excitation wedge wave of the invention and the schematic diagram that is detected, including：
1) laser light source acts on the position of the nearly wedge point in wedge surface as excitaton source, and according to thermoelastic theory, excitation is produced
Raw wedge wave is propagated along wedge point direction.
2) excitation point position is fixed, and sensing point carries out B-scan along wedge point direction, is drawn B and is swept figure, to the propagation characteristic of wedge wave
It is analyzed.
Fig. 3 is the emulation Bscan figure of defect wedge provided by the invention, makes a concrete analysis of and is
As shown in figure 3, when i.e. scanning distance is smaller before defect, as wave is propagated along wedge point, A1, A2, A3, A4Mode by
Gradually separate.Wherein A1, A2Mode signals amplitude is strong, and wedge wave velocity differs greatly and (obtained according to Fig. 1 first step), therefore is applicable in
In the detection of defect.Reflection and transmission phenomenon occur when traveling to defective locations for wedge wave, wherein A1It is existing to observe the anti-of wedge wave
Penetrate RA11The transmission TA of wedge wave is observed again11Mode；A2Mode is encountering defect generation reflection and is transmiting, and back wave is being propagated
RA is isolated in the process21, RA22Mode, transmitted wave isolate TA in communication process21, TA22Mode.
(1) defect initial position is determined by the direct wave and back wave of wedge wave mode；
A. wedge angle is less than or equal to 45 degree：The direct wave of wedge wave mode has A1, A2Mode, back wave have RA11, RA22,
RA21Mode.
According to the dispersion relation that above-mentioned Fig. 1 first step obtains, A is obtained1, A2The phase velocity of mode is V respectively1, V2, back wave
RA11, RA21Parallel and phase velocity is V1, back wave RA22Phase velocity is V2, it is assumed that V1, V2Mode travels to defect by excitation point
Time is t respectively1, t2.Wedge point any position RA11, RA21The time difference △ t of appearance1=t2-t1(V1, V2At the beginning of mode reaches defect
The time difference of beginning position), therefore it is S that defect initial position, which can be obtained, apart from excitation point1=V2V1△t1/(V2-V1)。
B. wedge angle is greater than 45 degree：Wedge wave only has A1Mode, back wave RA11Mode.
According to the dispersion relation that above-mentioned Fig. 1 first step obtains, A can be obtained1Mode and back wave RA11The phase velocity of mode is
V1.The distance measurement position point S ' obtains wedge wave mode A1, RA11The time of appearance is respectively t1, t2, therefore can obtain defective locations away from
From being S "=V at taking1×(t2-t1)/2, therefore defect initial position distance measurement point is S1=S '+V1×(t2-t1)/2。
(2) defect final position is determined by the transmitted wave of wedge wave mode；
C. wedge angle is less than or equal to 45 degree：The direct wave of wedge wave mode has A1, A2Mode, transmitted wave have TA11, TA22,
TA21Mode.
According to the dispersion relation that above-mentioned Fig. 1 first step obtains, A can be obtained1, A2The phase velocity of mode is V respectively1, V2, transmission
Wave TA11, TA21Parallel and phase velocity is V1, transmitted wave TA22Phase velocity is V2.Assuming that V1, V2Mode travels to defect by excitation point
The time of final position is t respectively3, t4.Wedge point any position TA21, TA11The time difference △ t of appearance2=t4-t3(V1, V2Mode
Reach the time difference of defect final position), thus obtaining defect final position apart from excitation point is S2=V2V1△t2/(V2-V1)。
Transmitted wave is TA21, TA11The appearance of mode is by defect final position as new point source of sound, but S2Wedge wave is contained to lack
The distance propagated in falling into, can not accurately estimate the width of defect.Defect heteropleural TA at excitation point S22And TA21Mould
The time that state occurs is t5, t6, this positional distance defect terminal is S3=V2V1(t6-t5)/(V2-V1).Comprehensive A, can be lacked
It falls into having a size of △ S=S-S1-S3。
D. wedge angle is greater than 45 degree：Wedge wave only has A1Mode, transmitted wave TA11Mode.
According to the dispersion relation that above-mentioned Fig. 1 first step obtains, A can be obtained1Mode and transmitted wave TA11The phase velocity of mode is
V1.When can pass through defective locations by B-scan at this time, the width △ S of the decaying preresearch estimates defect of amplitude.
(3) depth of defect is primarily determined by the intensity that the reflection of wedge wave involves transmitted wave.
The simulation model for establishing different depth of defect, by incidence wave A1Amplitude and transmitted wave TA11Amplitude is compared, just
Step judges depth of defect.
E. defect is deeper：Wedge wave only has back wave at this time, without transmitted wave.Sharp excitation point and sensing point are individually positioned in scarce
Sunken two sides, sensing point is without wedge wave signal at this time.Excitation point is scanned along depth direction simultaneously with sensing point, when sensing point is examined
When measuring wedge wave, scanning distance at this time is wedge wave depth of defect d.
F. depth of defect is smaller：Existing back wave has transmitted wave again at this time, by incidence wave A1Amplitude and transmitted wave TA11Width
Value is compared, according to a preliminary estimate depth of defect d.The S in conjunction with obtained in A1, the S that is calculated in B2, △ S, estimate defect shape.
G. depth of defect is especially small：Back wave and transmitted wave at this time is very weak, cannot be used to estimate depth of defect.Along wedge
Direction of wave travel acquires m- displacement wave shape signal at 64 or 128 groups at equal intervals, analyzes wedge wave using two-dimensional Fourier transform method
Dispersion relation is compared, A with ideal wedge wedge wave dispersion relation1Mode is observed that apparent frequency dispersion, the size of frequency dispersion
It can be used for estimating the depth d of defect.
The invention has the following beneficial effects：The wedge wave propagated along defect wedge contains defective information.The method
Propagation distance of the wave inside defect has been effectively eliminated, the width of defect, depth are accurately calculated；It avoids excitation and visits
The problem of initial position is not overlapped (scanning initial position is not overlapped with excitation point) is surveyed, record detection spot scan start bit is not needed
It sets, as long as position of the writing scan terminal apart from excitation point；It reduces wedge wave and reaches the error that the defective locations moment determines, effectively
Reduce the theoretical error with experiment.This method can preferably measure the defect of wedge, improve measurement accuracy, can be used for work
The on-line monitoring of industry.
The preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail above.It should be appreciated that those skilled in the art without
It needs creative work according to the present invention can conceive and makes many modifications and variations.Therefore, all technologies in the art
Personnel are available by logical analysis, reasoning, or a limited experiment on the basis of existing technology under this invention's idea
Technical solution, all should be within the scope of protection determined by the claims.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of wedge defect inspection method, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
(1) wedge wave dispersion relation in ideal wedge design is established：
Using finite element emulation software, ideal wedge model is established, when acquiring 64 or 128 groups at equal intervals along wedge direction of wave travel
M- displacement waveform signal obtains wedge wave dispersion relation in ideal wedge design using two-dimensional Fourier transform method；
(2) it establishes the reflection containing mode each when propagating in defective wedge, transmit relational graph：
Using finite element emulation software, establishes and contain defective wedge design model；B-scan is carried out along wedge direction of wave travel and is drawn
Bscan figure processed obtains reflection, the transmission relational graph of wedge wave each mode when containing propagating in defective wedge；
(3) determine defective locations, estimate flaw size：
Defect initial position is determined by the direct wave and back wave of wedge wave mode；Defect is determined by the transmitted wave of wedge wave mode
Final position；The depth of defect is determined by the intensity that the reflection of wedge wave involves transmitted wave.
2. wedge defect inspection method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (1), the ideal wedge of the foundation
Wedge wave dispersion relation in structure, the specific method is as follows：
1) finite element emulation software is utilized, ideal wedge model is established；According to thermoelastic theory, pulse laser irradiation to metal wedge
After material surface, energy is absorbed rapidly by surface layer；Under Thermoelastic regime, sample, which absorbs laser energy, leads to local thermal expansion,
Generate transient Displacements field；
2) m- displacement wave shape signal when acquiring 64 or 128 groups at equal intervals along wedge direction of wave travel；Utilize instantaneous Fourier transform pairs
It executes the transformation from time domain to frequency domain, and the conversion from frequency domain to wave number is then executed to it using spatial Fourier transform；Benefit
With window function avoid leakage frequency phenomenon occur, and by signal carry out zero extension come so that maximum amplitude value in frequency and wave number
The position occurred on domain is accurate, obtains wedge wave dispersion relation, i.e. wedge in ideal wedge design using two-dimensional Fourier transform method
Wave mode A1、A2、A3、A4And its corresponding phase velocity V1、V2、V3、V4。
3. wedge defect inspection method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (2), establish wedge wave containing scarce
Reflection, the transmission relational graph of each mode when propagating in wedge are fallen into, the specific method is as follows：
1) finite element software is utilized, establish containing defective wedge design model and is calculated, position, the defect of defect are set
Shape, defect width, depth of defect parameter；
2) B-scan being carried out along wedge direction of wave travel and drawing Bscan figure, it is each when containing propagating in defective wedge to obtain wedge wave
The reflection of mode, transmission relational graph.
4. wedge defect inspection method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (3), before defect i.e. scanning away from
From hour, as wave is propagated along wedge point, A1、A2、A3、A4Mode is gradually disengaged out, wherein A1、A2Mode signals amplitude is strong；Wedge
Reflection and transmission phenomenon occur when traveling to defective locations for wave, wherein A1The existing reflection RA for observing wedge wave11Wedge is observed again
The transmission TA of wave11Mode；A2Mode is encountering defect generation reflection and is transmiting, and back wave isolates RA in communication process21、
RA22Mode, transmitted wave isolate TA in communication process21、TA22Mode.
5. wedge defect inspection method as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that direct wave and reflection by wedge wave mode
Wave determines defect initial position, and the specific method is as follows：
A. wedge angle is less than or equal to 45 degree：The direct wave of wedge wave mode has A1、A2Mode, back wave have RA11、RA22、RA21Mould
State；
According to dispersion relation, A is obtained1、A2The phase velocity of mode is V respectively1、V2, back wave RA11、RA21Parallel and phase velocity is V1,
Back wave RA22Phase velocity is V2, it is assumed that V1、V2Mode is t respectively by the time that excitation point travels to defect2、t1, wedge point is arbitrarily
Position RA11、RA21The time difference △ t of appearance1=t2-t1, i.e. V1、V2Mode reaches the time difference of defect initial position, therefore obtains
To defect initial position apart from excitation point be S1=V2V1△t1/(V2-V1)；
B. wedge angle is greater than 45 degree：Wedge wave only has A1Mode, back wave RA11Mode；
According to dispersion relation, A is obtained1Mode and back wave RA11The phase velocity of mode is V1, wedge wave is obtained apart from the position excitation point S '
Mode A1, RA11The time of appearance is respectively t1、t2, therefore defective locations distance to take place be S "=V1×(t2-t1)/2, because
This defect initial position is S apart from excitation point1=S '+V1×(t2-t1)/2。
6. wedge defect inspection method as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that determined and lacked by the transmitted wave of wedge wave mode
Final position is fallen into, the specific method is as follows：
C. wedge angle is less than or equal to 45 degree：The direct wave of wedge wave mode has A1、A2Mode, transmitted wave have TA11、TA22、TA21Mould
State；
According to dispersion relation, A is obtained1、A2The phase velocity of mode is V respectively1、V2, transmitted wave TA11、TA21Parallel and phase velocity is V1,
Transmitted wave TA22Phase velocity is V2, it is assumed that V1、V2Mode is t respectively by the time that excitation point travels to defect final position4、t3,
Wedge point any position TA21、TA11The time difference △ t of appearance2=t4-t3, i.e. V1、V2The time in mode arrival defect final position
Difference, thus obtaining defect final position apart from excitation point is S2=V2V1△t2/(V2-V1), transmitted wave is TA21、TA11Mode
Appearance is by defect final position as new point source of sound；Defect heteropleural is at excitation point S, TA22And TA21Mode occurs
Time be t5、t6, this positional distance defect terminal is S3=V2V1(t6-t5)/(V2-V1), combining step A obtains defect ruler
Very little is △ S=S-S1-S3；
D. wedge angle is greater than 45 degree：Wedge wave only has A1Mode, transmitted wave TA11Mode；
According to dispersion relation, A is obtained1Mode and transmitted wave TA11The phase velocity of mode is V1, defective locations are passed through by B-scan at this time
When, the width △ S of the variation preresearch estimates defect of amplitude.
7. wedge defect inspection method as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that involve transmitted wave by the reflection of wedge wave
Intensity determines the depth of defect, and specific method is：
The simulation model for establishing different depth of defect, by incidence wave A1Amplitude and transmitted wave TA11Amplitude is compared, preliminary to make
To judge depth of defect；
E. defect is most deep：Wedge wave only has back wave at this time, and without transmitted wave, excitation point and sensing point are individually positioned in the two of defect
Side, sensing point is scanned along depth direction without wedge wave signal, excitation point with sensing point simultaneously at this time, when sensing point detects wedge
When wave, scanning distance at this time is wedge wave depth of defect d；
F. depth of defect is small：Existing back wave has transmitted wave again at this time, by incidence wave A1Amplitude and transmitted wave TA11Amplitude carries out
Compare, according to a preliminary estimate depth of defect d, the S in conjunction with obtained in step A1, the S that is calculated in step B2, △ S estimate defect shape
Shape；
G. depth of defect is minimum：Back wave and transmitted wave at this time is very weak, cannot be used to estimate depth of defect；It is propagated along wedge wave
Direction acquires m- displacement wave shape signal at 64 or 128 groups at equal intervals, is dissipated and is closed using two-dimensional Fourier transform method analysis wedge wave frequency
System, compared with the dispersion relation of ideal wedge, A1Mode observes that apparent frequency dispersion, the size of frequency dispersion are used to estimate the depth of defect
Spend d.
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