CN108786872B - 一种花状WS2/Bi2O2CO3异质结光催化材料的合成方法及其应用 - Google Patents
一种花状WS2/Bi2O2CO3异质结光催化材料的合成方法及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种花状WS2/Bi2O2CO3异质结光催化材料的合成方法及其应用，将0.105mmol WS2分散于摩尔浓度为1mol/L的稀HNO3溶液中并超声剥离形成混合液A；将4mmol Bi(NO3)3•5H2O加入到溶液A中并搅拌混合均匀形成混合液B；将尿素加入到混合液B中并搅拌混合均匀形成混合液C，再将混合液C的pH调至9后转移至水热反应釜中于180℃水热反应1h，然后自然冷却至室温，离心分离，用水和乙醇分别反复洗涤后置于真空干燥箱中于60℃真空干燥12h得到花状WS2/Bi2O2CO3异质结光催化材料。本发明合成的花状WS2/Bi2O2CO3异质结光催化材料表现出较高的光催化活性和稳定性，能够用于光催化降解环丙沙星等有机污染物。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于复合光催化材料的合成技术领域，具体涉及一种花状WS2/Bi2O2CO3异质结光催化材料的合成方法及其应用。
背景技术
随着我国经济的快速发展，相应的环境和能源问题也随之出现。光催化作为一个清洁有效的技术，在污染物降解和太阳能转换方面效果显著。近些年，铋基半导体光催化材料被证明在环境净化方面很有前景。Bi2O2CO3光催化剂由于其在抗菌、超级电容器及光催化方面的潜在应用引起了广大科技工作者的广泛关注。然而，Bi2O2CO3禁带宽度在3.1-3.5eV，限制了其在可见光区的应用，且单组份Bi2O2CO3光生电子-空穴对容易复合。为提升Bi2O2CO3光催化性能，目前进行了大量的研究，包括形貌控制、掺杂、构建异质结等。其中和具有可见光吸收的半导体进行复合构建异质结可以有效地抑制光生电子-空穴对的复合，提高材料的光催化性能，从而提高材料的光催化效果。因此本发明通过构建异质结材料来提高光催化材料的光催化性能。
二维纳米材料是一类新兴的纳米材料类别，由于其独特的物理、电子和化学特性，表现出了很多独特的优势。由于电子被限制在二维平面内，增进了其电子特性；强烈的面内共价键和原子层厚度使得它们表现出了出色的机械强度、柔性以及光学透明度；拥有极大平面尺寸赋予了二维材料极大的比表面积。这极大地吸引了催化和超级电容器这些表面积关联应用领域的研究，成为催化领域研究热点。
作为一种二维层状过渡金属硫化物，二硫化钨（WS2）带隙较小(约1.8eV)，具有强的吸收可见光的能力，以及较高的载流子迁移率和较大的比表面积，在光电转化以及催化领域都有非常优异的性能。
本发明针对Bi2O2CO3缺点，选取二硫化钨二维材料与其复合构建花状WS2/Bi2O2CO3异质结，一方面促进电子-空穴高效分离，另一方面拓展了该材料在可见光区域的响应，从而达到提高光催化性能的效果，并以环丙沙星（CIP）为目标污染物测试光催化性质。目前尚没有关于花状WS2/Bi2O2CO3异质结光催化材料的合成及其用于光催化降解抗生素环丙沙星的报道。
发明内容
本发明解决的技术问题是提供了一种花状WS2/Bi2O2CO3异质结光催化材料的合成方法，该方法合成的花状WS2/Bi2O2CO3异质结光催化材料表现出较高的光催化活性和稳定性，能够用于光催化降解环丙沙星等有机污染物。
本发明为解决上述技术问题采用如下技术方案，一种花状WS2/Bi2O2CO3异质结光催化材料的合成方法，其特征在于具体步骤为：
步骤S1：将0.105mmol WS2分散于浓度为1mol/L的稀HNO3溶液中并超声剥离形成混合液A；
步骤S2：将4mmol Bi(NO3)3•5H2O加入到溶液A中并搅拌混合均匀形成混合液B；
步骤S3：将尿素加入到混合液B中并搅拌混合均匀形成混合液C，再将混合液C的pH调至9后转移至水热反应釜中于180℃水热反应1h，然后自然冷却至室温，离心分离，用水和乙醇分别反复洗涤后置于真空干燥箱中于60℃真空干燥12h得到花状WS2/Bi2O2CO3异质结光催化材料。
本发明制得的花状WS2/Bi2O2CO3异质结光催化材料在光催化降解环丙沙星中的应用。
本发明采用自组装法合成花状WS2/Bi2O2CO3异质结光催化材料，该光催化材料具有较大的比表面积，表现出较高的光催化活性，本发明合成过程无需加入任何模板剂和其它添加剂，合成工艺简易，绿色环保，适宜规模化生产，有望产生良好的社会和经济效益。
附图说明
图1为实施例1制得的WS2/Bi2O2CO3异质结光催化材料的FESEM图；
图2为纯Bi2O2CO3、纯WS2和实施例1制得的WS2/Bi2O2CO3异质结光催化材料的XRD图谱；
图3为纯Bi2O2CO3、纯WS2和实施例1制得的WS2/Bi2O2CO3异质结光催化材料的UV-VisDRS图谱；
图4为纯Bi2O2CO3和实施例1制得的WS2/Bi2O2CO3异质结光催化材料的PL图谱；
图5为实施例1制得的WS2/Bi2O2CO3异质结光催化材料的HRTEM图；
图6为实施例1制得的WS2/Bi2O2CO3异质结光催化材料降解环丙沙星的紫外可见吸收光谱变化曲线；
图7为不同光催化材料在模拟太阳光照射下对环丙沙星的降解效率对比图。
具体实施方式
以下通过实施例对本发明的上述内容做进一步详细说明，但不应该将此理解为本发明上述主题的范围仅限于以下的实施例，凡基于本发明上述内容实现的技术均属于本发明的范围。
实施例1
步骤S1：将0.105mmol WS2分散于摩尔浓度为1mol/L的稀HNO3溶液中并超声剥离形成混合液A；
步骤S2：将4mmol Bi(NO3)3•5H2O加入到溶液A中并搅拌混合均匀形成混合液B；
步骤S3：将尿素加入到混合液B中并搅拌混合均匀形成混合液C，再将混合液C的pH调至9后转移至水热反应釜中于180℃水热反应1h，然后自然冷却至室温，离心分离，用水和乙醇分别反复洗涤后置于真空干燥箱中于60℃真空干燥12h得到花状WS2/Bi2O2CO3异质结光催化材料，标记为WS2-BOC。
图1为实施例1制得的WS2/Bi2O2CO3异质结光催化材料的FESEM图。由图可以看出样品是由厚度为50 nm的纳米片层组装而成的微米花状结构，直径约为1-5μm。
图2为纯Bi2O2CO3、纯WS2和实施例1制得的WS2/Bi2O2CO3异质结光催化材料的XRD图谱。图中纯Bi2O2CO3和纯WS2各衍射的位置分别与四方相Bi2O2CO3标准卡片（JCPDS NO.41-1488）和六方相WS2标准卡片（JCPDS no.35-0651）一致。WS2/Bi2O2CO3异质结光催化材料除了Bi2O2CO3的衍射峰外还在14.3°、28.8°和43.9°存在WS2的衍射峰，说明样品中存在Bi2O2CO3和WS2。
图3为纯Bi2O2CO3、纯WS2和实施例1制得的WS2/Bi2O2CO3异质结光催化材料的UV-VisDRS图谱。由图可知纯Bi2O2CO3主要吸收紫外光，吸收带边约为402nm，而WS2/Bi2O2CO3异质结光催化材料除在紫外区有较强的吸收外，在可见光区也有明显吸收，表明将WS2和Bi2O2CO3复合构建的花状WS2/Bi2O2CO3异质结光催化材料显著拓宽了催化剂的光吸收范围。
图4为纯Bi2O2CO3和实施例1制得的WS2/Bi2O2CO3异质结光催化材料的PL图谱。由图可知WS2/Bi2O2CO3异质结光催化材料的荧光强度明显比纯的Bi2O2CO3的荧光强度要弱，表明花状WS2/Bi2O2CO3异质结光催化材料中光生电子与空穴的复合几率比Bi2O2CO3低，光生载流子的分离效率比较高，这对提高催化剂的光催化性能是十分有利的。
图5为实施例1制得的花状WS2/Bi2O2CO3异质结光催化材料的HRTEM图。从HRTEM图能观察到两种不同的晶格条纹，间距分别为0.62nm和0.27nm，分别对应（002）晶面的WS2和（110）晶面的Bi2O2CO3，并且能清晰观察到两种物质的边界，表明WS2与Bi2O2CO3两种物质之间形成异质结构。
实施例2
以环丙沙星（CIP）为降解目标物来评价样品的光催化效果。本实验使用500W氙灯作为模拟太阳光光源，采用10mg/L的CIP为降解浓度；称取40mg实施例1制得的花状WS2/Bi2O2CO3异质结光催化材料，将其加入到装有40mL的CIP石英管中在超声器上超声3min，使光催化材料与CIP溶液充分混合，然后将混合液放入HXSEI光反应仪器中暗处理30min，以达到吸附—脱附平衡。取此混合溶液4mL，同时将此刻作为开灯的0时刻。打开氙灯之后每隔一段时间（15min）取石英管中的溶液4mL。将取得的溶液在高速离心机内离心6min后，取上层清液，采用紫外-可见分光光度计进行光谱扫描测定其在272nm处的吸光度。通过在272nm处吸光度的变化来确定花状WS2/Bi2O2CO3异质结光催化材料对CIP的降解效果。
图6为实施例1制得的WS2/Bi2O2CO3异质结光催化材料降解CIP的紫外可见吸收光谱变化曲线。由图可知样品在光照90min后CIP的特征峰基本消失，表明CIP基本降解完全。
图7为不同光催化材料在模拟太阳光照射下对CIP的降解效率对比图。由图可以看出，在没有光催化剂存在下，光照90min后CIP的降解率只有5%左右，表明CIP具有很好的稳定性。花状WS2/Bi2O2CO3异质结光催化材料在模拟太阳光的照射下90min能将CIP降解95.1%，进一步说明构建的WS2/Bi2O2CO3异质结光催化材料能提高样品的光催化性能，对光催化降解CIP是非常有效的。
以上实施例描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征及优点，本行业的技术人员应该了解，本发明不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理，在不脱离本发明原理的范围下，本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进均落入本发明保护的范围内。
Claims (2)
1.一种花状WS2/Bi2O2CO3异质结光催化材料的合成方法，其特征在于具体步骤为：
步骤S1：将0.105mmol WS2分散于摩尔浓度为1mol/L的稀HNO3溶液中并超声剥离形成混合液A；
步骤S2：将4mmol Bi(NO3)3•5H2O加入到溶液A中并搅拌混合均匀形成混合液B；
步骤S3：将尿素加入到混合液B中并搅拌混合均匀形成混合液C，再将混合液C的pH调至9后转移至水热反应釜中于180℃水热反应1h，然后自然冷却至室温，离心分离，用水和乙醇分别反复洗涤后置于真空干燥箱中于60℃真空干燥12h得到花状WS2/Bi2O2CO3异质结光催化材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法制得的花状WS2/Bi2O2CO3异质结光催化材料在光催化降解环丙沙星中的应用。
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