CN108684355A - A kind of walnut improved combination engrafting method - Google Patents
A kind of walnut improved combination engrafting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108684355A CN108684355A CN201810533344.7A CN201810533344A CN108684355A CN 108684355 A CN108684355 A CN 108684355A CN 201810533344 A CN201810533344 A CN 201810533344A CN 108684355 A CN108684355 A CN 108684355A
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- scion
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
- A01G2/35—Cutting; Inserting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
- A01G2/38—Holding; Ligating
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- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of walnut improved combination engrafting method, including stock management, grafting combination operation, engrafting and cultivating, wherein grafting combination operation includes that step scion is acquired and handled, stock cutting is assigned with scion, grafting part bondage, by being pre-processed to stock peeling, uniformity, integrality after being pulled down according to cortical layer are determined using subcutaneous patch scion grafting or improvement cleft grafting wherein grafting fringe;Determined whether to use plate budding according to scion rugosity.Engrafting method of the present invention fully considers stock and the suitability of scion, and graft union is good, and survival rate is 90% or more, and easy to operate, suitable scale is afforested.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fruit tree cultivation technical fields, and in particular to a kind of walnut improved combination engrafting method.
Technical background
Walnut, deciduous tree, one of world-renowned " four big dry fruits ".Both it can eat raw, stir-fry and eat, and can also extract oil, prepare cake
It selects, candy etc., it is not only delicious, and also nutritive value is high, is known as " long live ", " Longevity ".
Walnut grafting mode is to improve the effective way of low yield poor quality walnut yield and quality, common for walnut
Engrafting method have the methods of sprout grafting, cleft grafting, patch budding, wherein sprout grafting branch is too low, and tree body growing way is not prosperous;It passes
It unites cleft grafting, is rived interface in traditional cutting face central vertical, it is larger that cut-grafting often results in wound, is unfavorable for healing, reduce
Survival rate;Patch budding stock cultivates overlong time, the bud eye in bud tablets sprout slowly, take bud operating technology require it is slightly higher and at
Motility rate is relatively low.In actual production, using single cleft grafting, patch budding mode, survival rate is less than 80%, life complicated and changeable
Production situation makes the original graft technology failure of the producer, is too tired to deal with.
Therefore, the strict demand of propagation in scale is faced, research is a set of can either to improve survival rate, and can deal with changeable
The engrafting method of condition is important direction.
Invention content
An object of the present invention is to provide a kind of walnut improved combination engrafting method.
A kind of walnut improved combination engrafting method, including stock management, grafting combination operation, engrafting and cultivating, wherein grafting
Combination operation includes that step scion is acquired and handled, stock cutting is assigned with scion, grafting part bondage, and its step are as follows:
(1)Scion acquires and processing:
The walnut elite stand tree crown middle and upper part for selecting kind excellent, acquisition bud is full, healthy and strong, the branch of Semen Juglandis of 1 ~ 2 year raw lignifying
Item blocks fringe bar according to 35 ~ 55cm long, and rugosity is identical to carry out classification binding, in sequence into the water by fringe bar base portion
Carry out fresh-keeping, incision position smearing fungicide;
(2)Stock cutting is assigned with scion:
When grafting time is that walnut stock bud is sprouted, stock peeling is pre-processed, it is disconnected perpendicular to stock using blade tool
Parallel erect in face cuts two knives, and for depth until just touching layer of wood, length reaches 3 ~ 6cm, and spacing is scion item between two knives
Cortex between two knives is pulled to downwards open bottom by the 2/3 ~ 3/4 of width thereafter, and the cortex is uniform, complete, and diameter of stock
More than 3cm, it is one group to compile;The cortex is incomplete, is less than 3cm from skin difficulty or the diameter of stock, and it is two groups to compile, right thereafter
One group uses improvement cleft grafting using subcutaneous patch scion grafting, to two groups;
(3)Grafting part bondage:
After grafting, with single layer mulch by the tight bondage in engaging portion, the position of bud only covers one layer of single layer mulch, scion is kept to combine
Portion position is constant;To be grafted survive is lightened restrictions on when Le trace occurs in grafting part, is thereafter unclamped bondage, is continued to be tied up with single layer mulch
It ties up;When occurring strangling trace again, release bondage, repeat it is above-mentioned tie up, pine operation is until the callus between anvil fringe is firm
Scion is all wrapped up with film, and the position of bud only covers one layer of mulch voluntarily eruption can penetrate ground to survive rear scion bud
Film reduces the management link after grafting.
Preferably, the subcutaneous patch scion grafting blocks position in stock, straight smooth place, parallel longitudinal direction is selected to cut, it is deep
Up to xylem, length is 4 ~ 6cm, and width is 1 ~ 2cm, is used as scion mouth wherein stripping bark is cut off from about 3/4, leaves
1/4 contains clamping connection fringe;There is the reverse side of bud is slightly wooden to be whittled into a smooth long inclined-plane in fringe bar, short inclined-plane is whittled into another side, inserts
When entering scion, the inside grafting alignment in long inclined-plane is showed money or valuables one carries unintentionally, the fringe bar and scion mouth bottom bevel close contact and healing.
Preferably, the long chamfer length is 4 ~ 6cm, width is 1 ~ 2cm;The short chamfer length is 1 ~ 3cm, width
For 1 ~ 2cm.
The technical program provides rational forming layer contact surface by using the bevel that length is 4 ~ 6cm, promotes healing,
Help to improve the rate that scion survives.
Preferably, the improvement cleft grafting with wooden l ~ 3mm cutting perpendicularlies or is rived from the truncation surface edge of stock
Scion mouth, splits fringe mouth 3 ~ 5cm of length, and the thin one side of stock is facet;Scion lower end is whittled into wedge shape partially, side is thicker, separately
Side is slightly thin, and bevel grows 3 ~ 5cm, when being inserted into scion, a thin inward-facing grafting alignment is showed money or valuables one carries unintentionally, thick one faces out, institute
State fringe bar and scion mouth bottom bevel close contact and healing.
Preferably, the step(2)Middle that the scion is classified according to rugosity, rugosity is less than the scion item of 3cm, is used as
Described one group, two groups of graftings when use;Rugosity is more than the scion item of 3cm, is used as plate budding and uses.
It is big as patch scion grafting, cleft grafting cutting difficulty, it is not easy to cut smooth cutting when scion rugosity is more than 3cm
Face can be effectively improved grafting efficiency with plate budding.
Preferably, the plate budding is to block stock at liftoff 15 ~ 30cm, chooses stock and smoothly locate, distance is blocked
Locate 2 ~ 5cm parallel incisions from top to bottom, with wooden 0.5 ~ 2mm of thickness, 4 ~ 5cm of long incision, bottom by the sake of incision according to
It blocks, is formed at V-notch in 45 ~ 60 angles with stock;It is inside in 45 ~ 60 angles at 2 ~ 3cm below the bud of scion bud
Advance horizontal partial application, it is parallel with respect to scion downward longitudinal sectional from 2 ~ 3cm from bud above later as deep as xylem, with wooden 0.5 ~
2mm reaches position crosscutting in advance below bud and stops, removing bud tablets, match at lower end shape and the V-notch, pacifies
It is placed on incision, is tightened grafting part with item is tied up, the single layer covering with ground sheeting of bud position.
Preferably, the single layer mulch is PVC the or PE films that thickness is 0.01 ~ 0.05mm.
In the technical program, when scion bud is sprouted, single layer mulch is penetrated readily through, improves the growing way of scion bud, is increased
Survival rate, at the same it is convenient using single layer mulch bundling operation, it derives from a wealth of sources.
Preferably, the step(2)In, further include that step 10 ~ 14h before grafting carries out the processing that discharges water, institute to stock
It refers to 5 ~ 12cm from the ground on stock to state the processing that discharges water, and 3 ~ 6 are staggeredly chamfer in stock butt portion helical form with cutting tool
Wound, depth reach xylem.
Will appear bleeding after walnut tree body injury, tannin content is more in bleeding, and it is unfavorable to be formed to wound callus, and
It to form wound by chamferring in advance bleeding is made to be flowed out in advance from branch wound or mouth of being completely cured, while be chamfer using helical form, make wound
Mouth regular uniform, contributes to bleeding to be discharged, can control bleeding to the greatest extent, avoids occurring ponding later, raising is changed head and survived
Rate.
Preferably, the stock management is after spring or fruit picking, good, the healthy and strong, stock without insect pest, the age of tree are selected
It for life in 2 ~ 5 years, will specifically be blocked at the trees trunk chosen or the liftoff 35 ~ 70cm of level-one branch, block rear section color warp
Constant long, moisture is sufficient, and sap is thin bright like water;20 ~ 30 days before grafting, start to use N, P, K total nutrient amount to stock
≤ 15% composite fertilizer carries out annular groove fertilising, and every plant of 50 ~ 150g keeps enough water, and at the beginning of 6 months the same years and by the end of July
Top dressing, altogether top dressing 1 ~ 3 time.
Preferably, engrafting and cultivating is the sunny side member-retaining portion sprout tillers in stock stake, can keep the sun off as degree, and connecing
Retain 1 ~ 2 rudiment at fringe mouth, remaining is erased;After grafting survival, sprout tillers is purged;After grafting survival, scion bud is allowed
Voluntarily eruption penetrates film.
The fungicide be mass concentration be 60% 4000 times of liquid of Tebuconazole, mass concentration be 50% 500 times of carbendazim
Liquid.
The bud number that the scion item retains is 1 ~ 3.
By the appropriate sunshade sprout tillers of reservation, the nutrient and moisture of excessively fighting for scion will not be caused, sun face is formed simultaneously,
Scion is avoided to be burnt by the excessive sun.
In the subcutaneous patch scion grafting be whittled into long inclined-plane, short inclined-plane refers to being whittled into scion lower end partially wedge-shaped, side is thicker,
The other side is slightly thin.
Compared with prior art, the present invention program has advantageous effect:
(1) after the present invention program combination peeling, integrality uniform to cortical layer and scion rugosity analytical judgment, selection more
Effective grafting method improves the survival rate of walnut grafting;
(2) present invention gradually lightens restrictions on when Le trace occurs in grafting part, contributes to the callus between anvil fringe firm, avoids too early
Unbundlings bring the negative consequence of mechanical damage, wind, grafting part dehydration suddenly;
(3) the thin one side of stock can move left and right in present invention improvement cleft grafting, convenient for adjusting the forming layer of alignment scion;
(4) present invention improvement cleft grafting is cut from the truncation surface edge of stock, and trees are injured with small, wound healing degree height, scion behaviour
Make more convenient;
(5) cortical layer is cut in the subcutaneous patch scion grafting of the present invention, and wound is small, is conducive to healing, wherein stripping bark is from about 3/4
Cut-out is used as scion mouth, leaves 1/4 to contain clamping connection fringe, easy to operate, stationarity is good, reaches the ratio higher of slitless connection;
(6) present invention fully considers stock and the suitability of scion, and graft union is good, and survival rate is easy to operate 90% or more,
It is suitble to scale afforestation.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention is described in further detail below by specific embodiment.
Embodiment 1
A kind of walnut improved combination engrafting method, including stock management, grafting combination operation, engrafting and cultivating, its step are as follows:
(One)Stock management:It is after spring or fruit picking, it is life in 2 years to select good, the healthy and strong, stock without insect pest, the age of tree, specifically
It is the trees trunk that will be chosen or is blocked at the liftoff 35cm of level-one branch, blocks that rear section long term color is constant, and moisture is sufficient, tree
Liquid is thin bright like water;20 days before grafting, start to carry out stock using the composite fertilizer of N, P, K total nutrient Liang≤15% cyclic annular
Ditch applies fertilizer, and every plant of 50g keeps enough water, and at the beginning of 6 months the same years and top dressing by the end of July, top dressing 3 times altogether;
(Two)Grafting combination operation includes that step scion is acquired and handled, stock cutting is assigned with scion, grafting part bondage,
Step is:
(1)Scion acquires and processing:
The walnut elite stand tree crown middle and upper part for selecting kind excellent, acquisition bud is full, healthy and strong, the walnut branch of 1 year raw lignifying,
Remove blade after acquisition in time, fringe bar is blocked according to 35cm long, the bud number that the scion item retains is 2, and rugosity is identical
Classification binding is carried out, in sequence carries out fringe bar base portion into the water fresh-keeping, incision position smears fungicide, and the fungicide adopts
500 times of liquid of carbendazim that 4000 times of liquid of the Tebuconazole for being 60% with mass concentration, mass concentration are 50%;
(2) stock cutting is assigned with scion:
When grafting time is that walnut stock bud is sprouted, stock peeling is pre-processed, it is disconnected perpendicular to stock using single-edge blade
Parallel erect in face cuts two knives, and for depth until just touching layer of wood, length reaches 3cm, and spacing is that scion item is wide between two knives
Cortex between two knives is pulled to downwards open bottom by the 2/3 of degree thereafter, and the cortex is uniform, complete, and diameter of stock is more than
3cm, it is one group to compile;The cortex is incomplete, is less than 3cm from skin difficulty or the diameter of stock, and it is two groups to compile, thereafter to one group
Using subcutaneous patch scion grafting, to two groups using improvement cleft grafting;
Wherein, the subcutaneous patch scion grafting is to block position in stock, selects straight smooth place, is cut using grafting knife parallel longitudinal direction
Under, as deep as xylem, length 6cm, width 2cm are used as scion mouth wherein stripping bark is cut off from about 3/4, stay
1/4 is descended to contain clamping connection fringe;Scion item have the reverse side of bud be whittled into it is slightly wooden be whittled into a smooth long inclined-plane, be whittled into another side short
A small amount of cortex is gently pruned in inclined-plane, side, and the long inclined-plane and length are 6cm, width 2cm;The short chamfer length is 3cm,
Width is 2cm;When being inserted into scion, the inside grafting alignment in long inclined-plane is showed money or valuables one carries unintentionally, the fringe bar and scion mouth bottom bevel are close
Contact and healing;
Wherein, the improvement cleft grafting be from the truncation surface edge of stock, using the wooden 1mm cutting perpendicularlies scion mouth of grafting knife band,
Fringe mouth length 3cm is split, the thin one side of stock is facet;Scion lower end is whittled into wedge shape partially, side is thicker, and the other side is slightly thin,
Thickness two sides bevel length is 3cm, when being inserted into scion, a thin inward-facing grafting alignment is showed money or valuables one carries unintentionally, thick one faces out, institute
State fringe bar and scion mouth bottom bevel close contact and healing;
(3) grafting part bondage:
After grafting, with single layer mulch by the tight bondage of stock and scion engaging portion, the single layer mulch is that thickness is 0.01mm
PVC film, thereafter keep scion engaging portion position it is constant, scion upper end with paint smear;It is to be grafted to survive in grafting part
Occur lightening restrictions on when strangling trace, a moment is unclamped into bondage, continues thereafter with former single layer mulch bondage;When occurring strangling trace again, release
Bondage, repeat it is above-mentioned tie up, pine operation is until the callus between anvil fringe is firm;
(Three)Engrafting and cultivating:In the sunny side member-retaining portion sprout tillers of stock stake, can keep the sun off as degree, and retain at scion mouth
1 rudiment, remaining is erased;After grafting survival, sprout tillers is purged;After grafting survival, sprout tillers is purged;Grafting
After surviving, allowing scion bud, voluntarily eruption penetrates film.
Embodiment 2
A kind of walnut improved combination engrafting method, including stock management, grafting combination operation, engrafting and cultivating, its step are as follows:
(One)Stock management:It is after spring or fruit picking, it is life in 5 years to select good, the healthy and strong, stock without insect pest, the age of tree, specifically
It is the trees trunk that will be chosen or is blocked at the liftoff 70cm of level-one branch, blocks that rear section long term color is constant, and moisture is sufficient, tree
Liquid is thin bright like water;30 days before grafting, start to carry out stock using the composite fertilizer of N, P, K total nutrient Liang≤15% cyclic annular
Ditch applies fertilizer, and every plant of 150g keeps enough water, and at the beginning of 6 months the same years and top dressing by the end of July, top dressing 2 times altogether;
(Two)Grafting combination operation includes that step scion is acquired and handled, stock cutting is assigned with scion, grafting part bondage,
Step is:
(1)Scion acquires and processing:
The walnut elite stand tree crown middle and upper part for selecting kind excellent, acquisition bud is full, healthy and strong, and the walnut branch of 2 years lignifyings is adopted
Remove blade after collection in time, fringe bar blocked according to 55cm long, the bud number that the scion item retains is 3, rugosity it is identical into
Fringe bar base portion is carried out fresh-keeping, incision position smearing fungicide, the fungicide use by row classification binding into the water in sequence
500 times of liquid of carbendazim that 4000 times of liquid of the Tebuconazole that mass concentration is 60%, mass concentration are 50%;
(2) stock cutting is assigned with scion:
When grafting time is that walnut stock bud is sprouted, 14h carries out the processing that discharges water on stock before grafting, and the processing that discharges water refers to
The 12cm from the ground on stock staggeredly chamfers 10 wounds with ready high-speed steel grafting knife in advance in stock butt portion helical form
Mouthful, depth reaches xylem, is pre-processed to stock peeling thereafter, is cut perpendicular to parallel erect of stock section using single-edge blade
Two knives, for depth until just touching layer of wood, length reaches 6cm, and spacing is the 3/4 of scion width between two knives,
The cortex between two knives is pulled to downwards open bottom afterwards, the cortex is uniform, complete, and diameter of stock is more than 3cm, and it is one to compile
Group;The cortex is incomplete, is less than 3cm from skin difficulty or the diameter of stock, and it is two groups to compile, thereafter to one group using subcutaneous patch
Scion grafting, to two groups using improvement cleft grafting;
Meanwhile the scion being classified according to rugosity, rugosity is less than the scion item of 3cm, makes when as described one group, two groups of graftings
With;Rugosity is more than the scion item of 3cm, is used as plate budding and uses;
Wherein, subcutaneously patch scion grafting is to block position in stock, selects straight smooth place, is cut using grafting knife parallel longitudinal direction, deep
Up to xylem, length 4cm, width 1cm are used as scion mouth wherein stripping bark is cut off from about 3/4, leave 1/4
To contain clamping connection fringe;Fringe bar have the reverse side of bud be whittled into it is slightly wooden be whittled into a smooth long inclined-plane, be whittled into short inclined-plane, side in another side
A small amount of cortex is gently pruned in face, and the long inclined-plane and length are 4cm, width 1cm;The short chamfer length is 2cm, and width is
1cm;When being inserted into scion, the inside grafting in long inclined-plane alignment is showed money or valuables one carries unintentionally, the fringe bar and scion mouth bottom bevel close contact and
Healing;
Wherein, the improvement cleft grafting using the wooden 3mm cutting perpendicularlies of grafting knife band or is rived from the truncation surface edge of stock
Scion mouth, splits fringe mouth length 5cm, and the thin one side of stock is facet;Scion lower end is whittled into wedge shape partially, side is thicker, another
Side is slightly thin, the long 5cm of bevel, when being inserted into scion, a thin inward-facing grafting alignment is showed money or valuables one carries unintentionally, thick one faces out, the fringe
Item and scion mouth bottom bevel close contact and healing;
Wherein, the plate budding is that stock is blocked at liftoff 15cm, chooses stock and smoothly locates, apart from truncated position 2cm with shifting to an earlier date
Ready high-speed steel grafting knife parallel incision from top to bottom, with wooden thickness 0.5mm, long incision 4cm, in bottom by the thin of incision
Face is blocked according to stock in 45 angles, is formed at V-notch;It is inside in 45 angles at 2cm below the bud of scion bud
Advance horizontal partial application, as deep as xylem, 2cm is parallel with respect to scion longitudinal sectional downwards above bud later, with wooden 0.5mm, reaches
Position crosscutting in advance stops below bud, removes bud tablets, matches at lower end shape and the V-notch, be placed in notch
Place, is tightened grafting part with item is tied up, the single layer covering with ground sheeting of bud position;
(3) grafting part bondage:
After grafting, with single layer mulch by the tight bondage of stock and scion engaging portion, the single layer mulch is that thickness is 0.05mm
PVC or PE films, thereafter keep scion engaging portion position it is constant, scion upper end with paint smear;To be grafted survive is being grafted
Lightening restrictions on when strangling trace occurs in position, and a moment is unclamped in bondage, continues thereafter with former single layer mulch bondage;When occurring strangling trace again,
Release bondage, repeat it is above-mentioned tie up, pine operation is until the callus between anvil fringe is firm;
(Three)Engrafting and cultivating:In the sunny side member-retaining portion sprout tillers of stock stake, can keep the sun off as degree, and retain at scion mouth
2 rudiments, remaining is erased;After grafting survival, sprout tillers is purged;After grafting survival, sprout tillers is purged;Grafting
After surviving, allowing scion bud, voluntarily eruption penetrates film.
Embodiment 3
A kind of walnut improved combination engrafting method, including stock management, grafting combination operation, engrafting and cultivating, its step are as follows:
(One)Stock management:It is to select good, the healthy and strong, stock without insect pest, the age of tree is triennial, specifically after spring or fruit picking
It is the trees trunk that will be chosen or is blocked at the liftoff 55cm of level-one branch, blocks that rear section long term color is constant, and moisture is sufficient, tree
Liquid is thin bright like water;24 days before grafting, start to carry out stock using the composite fertilizer of N, P, K total nutrient Liang≤15% cyclic annular
Ditch applies fertilizer, and every plant of 100g keeps enough water, and at the beginning of 6 months the same years and top dressing by the end of July, top dressing 1 time altogether;
(Two)Grafting combination operation includes that step scion is acquired and handled, stock cutting is assigned with scion, grafting part bondage,
Step is:
(1)Scion acquires and processing:
The walnut elite stand tree crown middle and upper part for selecting kind excellent, acquisition bud is full, healthy and strong, the branch of Semen Juglandis of 2 years raw lignifyings
Item removes blade in time after acquisition, fringe bar is blocked according to 45cm long, and the bud number that the scion item retains is 2, rugosity phase
Same carries out classification binding, and fringe bar base portion is carried out to fresh-keeping, incision position smearing fungicide, the sterilization into the water in sequence
Agent use mass concentration for 60% 4000 times of liquid of Tebuconazole, mass concentration be 50% 500 times of liquid of carbendazim;
(2) stock cutting is assigned with scion:
When grafting time is that walnut stock bud is sprouted, 12h carries out the processing that discharges water on stock before grafting, and the processing that discharges water refers to
The 10cm from the ground on stock staggeredly chamfers 8 wounds with ready high-speed steel grafting knife in advance in stock butt portion helical form,
The sum of adjacent spacing distance of 8 wounds is the dry perimeter of stock, and depth reaches xylem, is carried out to stock peeling thereafter
Pretreatment cuts two knives using single-edge blade perpendicular to parallel erect of stock section, and depth is until just touching layer of wood, length
Reach 4cm, spacing is the 2/3 of scion width between two knives, and the cortex between two knives is pulled to downwards open bottom thereafter, described
Cortex is uniform, complete, and diameter of stock is more than 3cm, and it is one group to compile;The cortex is incomplete, or the diameter of stock difficult from skin
Less than 3cm, it is two groups to compile, thereafter to one group using subcutaneous patch scion grafting, to two groups using improvement cleft grafting;
Meanwhile the scion being classified according to rugosity, rugosity is less than the scion item of 3cm, makes when as described one group, two groups of graftings
With;Rugosity is more than the scion item of 3cm, is used as plate budding and uses;
Wherein, subcutaneously patch scion grafting is to block position in stock, and straight smooth place, parallel longitudinal direction is selected to cut, long as deep as xylem
Degree is 5cm, width 2cm, is used as scion mouth wherein stripping bark is cut off from about 3/4, leaves 1/4 to contain clamping connection fringe;
Fringe bar have the reverse side of bud be whittled into it is slightly wooden be whittled into a smooth long inclined-plane, be whittled into short inclined-plane in another side, side is gently pruned few
Cortex is measured, the long inclined-plane and length are 5cm, width 2cm;The short chamfer length is 3cm, width 2cm;It is inserted into scion
When, the inside grafting in long inclined-plane alignment is showed money or valuables one carries unintentionally, the fringe bar and scion mouth bottom bevel close contact and healing;
Wherein, the improvement cleft grafting is vertically rived scion mouth using the wooden 2mm of grafting knife band from the truncation surface edge of stock,
Fringe mouth length 4cm is split, the thin one side of stock is facet;Scion lower end is whittled into wedge shape partially, side is thicker, and the other side is slightly thin,
Bevel long 5cm when being inserted into scion, a thin inward-facing grafting alignment is showed money or valuables one carries unintentionally, thick one faces out, the fringe bar and scion
Mouth bottom bevel close contact and healing;
Wherein, the plate budding is that stock is blocked at liftoff 30cm, chooses stock and smoothly locates, apart from truncated position 5cm with shifting to an earlier date
Ready high-speed steel grafting knife parallel incision from top to bottom, with wooden thickness 2mm, long incision 5cm, in bottom by the sake of incision
It blocks, is formed at V-notch in 60 angles according to stock;It is inwardly pre- in 60 angles at 3cm below the bud of scion bud
First horizontal partial application, as deep as xylem, 3cm is parallel with respect to scion longitudinal sectional downwards above bud later, with wooden 2mm, reaches under bud
Side position crosscutting in advance stops, and removes bud tablets, matches at lower end shape and the V-notch, be placed in incision, uses
It ties up item to tighten grafting part, the single layer covering with ground sheeting of bud position;
(3) grafting part bondage:
After grafting, with single layer mulch by the tight bondage of stock and scion engaging portion, the single layer mulch is that thickness is 0.03mm
PVC or PE films, thereafter keep scion engaging portion position it is constant, scion upper end with paint smear;To be grafted survive is being grafted
Lightening restrictions on when strangling trace occurs in position, and a moment is unclamped in bondage, continues thereafter with former single layer mulch bondage;When occurring strangling trace again,
Release bondage, repeat it is above-mentioned tie up, pine operation is until the callus between anvil fringe is firm;
(Three)Engrafting and cultivating:In the sunny side member-retaining portion sprout tillers of stock stake, can keep the sun off as degree, conduct is reserved at remaining position
1 rudiment of grafting, remaining is erased;After grafting survival, sprout tillers is purged;After grafting survival, sprout tillers is carried out clear
It removes;After grafting survival, allowing scion bud, voluntarily eruption penetrates film;
Experimental field for Huidong County minor dam by the walnut improved combination grafting method of above-described embodiment 1, scion is bought from Shandong, product
Kind of faint scent, spring do not irrigate, and experiment is by orchard main operation, and survival rate is up to 90.3%.
Experimental field for Huidong County Matoushan Nature Reserve by the walnut improved combination grafting method of above-described embodiment 2, scion is adopted nearby
Collection, kind faint scent, experiment is by orchard main operation, and survival rate is up to 92.0%.
Experimental field for the third paddy of Miyi County by the walnut improved combination grafting method of above-described embodiment 3, scion acquires nearby,
Kind faint scent, experiment is by orchard main operation, and survival rate is up to 93.2%.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to restrict the invention, for the skill of this field
For art personnel, the invention may be variously modified and varied.All within the spirits and principles of the present invention, any made by repair
Change, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of walnut improved combination engrafting method, which is characterized in that including stock management, combination operation, engrafting and cultivating are grafted,
Wherein grafting combination operation includes that step scion is acquired and handled, stock cutting is assigned with scion, grafting part bondage, step
It is as follows:
(1)Scion acquires and processing:
The walnut elite stand tree crown middle and upper part for selecting kind excellent, acquisition bud is full, healthy and strong, the branch of Semen Juglandis of 1 ~ 2 year raw lignifying
Item blocks fringe bar according to 35 ~ 55cm long, and rugosity is identical to carry out classification binding, in sequence into the water by fringe bar base portion
Carry out fresh-keeping, incision position smearing fungicide;
(2)Stock cutting is assigned with scion:
When grafting time is that walnut stock bud is sprouted, stock peeling is pre-processed, it is disconnected perpendicular to stock using blade tool
Parallel erect in face cuts two knives, and for depth until just touching layer of wood, length reaches 3 ~ 6cm, and spacing is scion item between two knives
Cortex between two knives is pulled to downwards open bottom by the 2/3 ~ 3/4 of width thereafter, and the cortex is uniform, complete, and diameter of stock
More than 3cm, it is one group to compile;The cortex is incomplete, is less than 3cm from skin difficulty or the diameter of stock, and it is two groups to compile, right thereafter
One group uses improvement cleft grafting using subcutaneous patch scion grafting, to two groups;
(3)Grafting part bondage:
After grafting, with single layer mulch by the tight bondage in engaging portion, the position of bud only covers one layer of single layer mulch, scion is kept to combine
Portion position is constant;To be grafted survive is lightened restrictions on when Le trace occurs in grafting part, is thereafter unclamped bondage, is continued to be tied up with single layer mulch
It ties up;When occurring strangling trace again, release bondage, repeat it is above-mentioned tie up, pine operation is until the callus between anvil fringe is firm.
2. walnut improved combination engrafting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The subcutaneous patch scion grafting is in stock
Position is blocked, straight smooth place, parallel longitudinal direction is selected to cut, as deep as xylem, length is 4 ~ 6cm, and width is 1 ~ 2cm, wherein
Stripping bark is cut off from about 3/4 and is used as scion mouth, leaves 1/4 to contain clamping connection fringe;There is the reverse side of bud slightly wooden in fringe bar
Matter is whittled into a smooth long inclined-plane, and when another side is whittled into short inclined-plane, is inserted into scion, the inside grafting alignment in long inclined-plane is showed money or valuables one carries unintentionally,
The fringe bar and scion mouth bottom bevel close contact and healing.
3. walnut improved combination engrafting method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that:The long chamfer length be 4 ~
6cm, width are 1 ~ 2cm;The short chamfer length is 1 ~ 3cm, and width is 1 ~ 2cm.
4. walnut improved combination engrafting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The improvement cleft grafting is from stock
Truncation surface edge split fringe mouth 3 ~ 5cm of length with wooden l ~ 3mm cutting perpendicularlies or scion mouth of riving, the thin one side of stock is
Facet;Scion lower end is whittled into wedge shape partially, side is thicker, and the other side is slightly thin, and bevel grows 3 ~ 5cm, will be thin when being inserted into scion
An inward-facing grafting alignment show money or valuables one carries unintentionally, thick one faces out, the fringe bar and scion mouth bottom bevel close contact and healing.
5. walnut improved combination engrafting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The step(2)In will be described
Scion is classified according to rugosity, and rugosity is less than the scion item of 3cm, is used when as described one group, two groups of graftings;Rugosity is more than 3cm
Scion item, be used as plate budding use.
6. walnut improved combination engrafting method according to claim 5, it is characterised in that:The plate budding is in liftoff 15
Stock is blocked at ~ 30cm, is chosen stock and is smoothly located, apart from 2 ~ 5cm of truncated position parallel incisions from top to bottom, with wooden thickness 0.5 ~
2mm, 4 ~ 5cm of long incision block the sake of incision according to stock in bottom in 45 ~ 60 angles, are formed at V-notch;
In the inwardly horizontal partial application in advance of 45 ~ 60 angles at 2 ~ 3cm below the bud of scion bud, as deep as xylem, later 2 above bud
Opposite scion is parallel longitudinal sectional downwards at ~ 3cm, with wooden 0.5 ~ 2mm, reaches position crosscutting in advance below bud and stops, removing bud
Match at piece, lower end shape and the V-notch, be placed in incision, tightened grafting part with item is tied up, bud position is used
Single layer covering with ground sheeting.
7. walnut improved combination engrafting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The single layer mulch is that thickness is
PVC the or PE films of 0.01 ~ 0.05mm.
8. walnut improved combination engrafting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The step(2)In, further include
Step 10 ~ 14h before grafting carries out the processing that discharges water to stock, and the processing that discharges water refers to 5 ~ 12cm from the ground on stock, is used
Cutting tool staggeredly chamfers 3 ~ 6 wounds in stock butt portion helical form, and depth reaches xylem.
9. walnut improved combination engrafting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The stock management is in spring
Or after fruit picking, good, the healthy and strong, stock without insect pest is selected, the age of tree is life in 2 ~ 5 years, specifically by the trees trunk chosen or one
It is blocked at grade branch liftoff 35 ~ 70cm, blocks that rear section long term color is constant, and moisture is sufficient, sap is thin bright like water;It is transferring
Connect first 20 ~ 30 days, start to stock using N, P, K total nutrient Liang≤15% composite fertilizer carry out annular groove fertilising, every plant 50 ~
150g, keeps enough water, and at the beginning of 6 months the same years and top dressing by the end of July, top dressing 1 ~ 3 time altogether.
10. walnut improved combination engrafting method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Engrafting and cultivating is in stock stake
Sunny side member-retaining portion sprout tillers, with can keep the sun off for degree, and at scion mouth retain 1 ~ 2 rudiment, remaining is erased;Work as grafting
After surviving, sprout tillers is purged;After grafting survival, allowing scion bud, voluntarily eruption penetrates film.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109744001A (en) * | 2019-03-21 | 2019-05-14 | 赤峰市林业科学研究院 | A kind of broad-leaved forest fruit-tree grafting method |
| CN112154794A (en) * | 2020-10-27 | 2021-01-01 | 百色市林业科学研究所 | Walnut tree grafting method |
| CN113141895A (en) * | 2021-04-16 | 2021-07-23 | 河池市林业科学研究院 | Walnut soaking grafting method for moisture preservation and drainage |
| CN113455210A (en) * | 2021-07-27 | 2021-10-01 | 旺苍县新程农林科技发展有限公司 | Method for budding walnut trees by using cover skins |
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| CN109744001A (en) * | 2019-03-21 | 2019-05-14 | 赤峰市林业科学研究院 | A kind of broad-leaved forest fruit-tree grafting method |
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| CN113141895A (en) * | 2021-04-16 | 2021-07-23 | 河池市林业科学研究院 | Walnut soaking grafting method for moisture preservation and drainage |
| CN113455210A (en) * | 2021-07-27 | 2021-10-01 | 旺苍县新程农林科技发展有限公司 | Method for budding walnut trees by using cover skins |
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