CN102405773A

CN102405773A - Technique for grafting wild Chinese walnut

Info

Publication number: CN102405773A
Application number: CN2011102368743A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈光华
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2011-08-18
Filing date: 2011-08-18
Publication date: 2012-04-11
Anticipated expiration: 2031-08-18
Also published as: CN102405773B

Abstract

The invention discloses a technique for grafting wild Chinese walnut, which comprises: cutting the fracture of a wild walnut or wingnut stock to form an inclined face (1); cutting off 3 to 5 centimeters of skin (2) of the upper end of the higher side of the inclined face (1) to form a 'V' shape (9); cutting off skin (5) in the direction of a bud on a cion branch; peeling the pulp skin layer (3) of the 'V' shape (9) of the stock to separate the pulp skin layer (3) from xylem (4); inserting the inclined plane (6) of a cion from top down while keeping the cion tightly adhering to the xylem (4) of the stock inward; sleeving the whole saw bite on the stock from the joint of the stock and the cion by using an agricultural mulching film; exposing cion branch; and fastening tightly. When the grafting technique is adopted, the operation is simple, the cost is low, and by using wild resources, the grafting survival rate is increased and fruiting is early.

Description

A kind of Wild hickory graft technology

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of fruit-tree grafting technology, kind of a graft technology is changed in especially a kind of improvement of Wild hickory.

Background technology

Wild hickory is perennial shrub, mainly is distributed in mountain area and knob.Growth time is between 50-80, and trunk is upright, and tree crown is short and small relatively, well developed root system, and it is dark and wide to distribute.Normal and other shrub is assorted gives birth to, and spacing in the rows is intensive, and growing ability and adaptive capacity are strong.But its kernel is less, and kernel percent less than 10% is taken out whole kernel difficulty, and is therefore low to the Wild hickory resource utilization now.

In the grafting process, because a variety of causes of walnut kind and graft technology itself, stock can appear and the scion healing ability is low, cause graft survival rate low.In addition, the timely removing of failing of the bleeding sap that produces of stock and scion cross section can make the wound contact-making surface go rotten and influences the survival rate of grafting.

Also can influence the survival rate of grafting in the grafting process because of the degree of tightness of film bondage.

China disclosure of the Invention specification CN101103681 discloses a kind of grafting technology for inserting walnut scion into stock cortex, comprises that scion simultaneously is whittled into horse ear shape tangent plane, on stock, selects level and smooth one side; With grafting knife from vertical partial application suitable for reading; Reach xylem deeply, the scion of cutting is inserted from top to bottom between the cortex and layer of wood of stock, again in each the horizontal partial application of scion tangent plane tail end; Choose the stock cortex between the last lower cut then, tight from scion tail end to top again with plastic film bondage wrapping.This graft technology has solved the problem that bleeding sap is in time removed, but how to strengthen the healing ability between stock and the scion and utilize not explanation on the natural resources.

Summary of the invention

The technical problem that the present invention will solve provides a kind of simple to operate, and cost is low, utilizes Wild hickory resource or numb willow, improves graft survival rate, result's Wild hickory graft technology early.

The graft technology that the present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above comprises: selecting Wild hickory or numb willow for use is stock.Selecting the Wild hickory or the numb willow of self-sow for use is stock, and grafting on the spot utilizes the characteristic of Wild hickory or numb willow, and kind is changed in improvement, and protection original natural vegetation, reduces the arable land consumption.

The present invention also comprises: the stock fracture is whittled into inclined-plane (1), and inclined-plane (1) high one side upper end long crust (2) of 3-5cm of pruning is " V " font (9), and scionwood is pruned to the crust of bud side (5); Push stock " V " font (9) meat cortex (3) aside, meat cortex (3) is separated with xylem (4), again with scion inclined-plane (6) inside xylem (4) near stock; Insert from top to down; Make stock meat cortex (3) hard-pressed bale hold the layer of wood and the meat layer of scionwood, increase stock and scion and hinder the cambial contact area of face, thereby strengthen the healing ability of stock and scion; Improve graft survival rate, be increased to 70% from 10%.

Stock cambium (3) is being held scionwood naturally tight in one's hands, the position of auxiliary fixing scionwood, and human factor makes the influence of film degree of tightness in the minimizing bondage thin-film process.

As improvement of the present invention: there is the bleeding guiding gutter (8) of " U " shape upper end of short one side on stock inclined-plane (1), lets stock and scion hinder the bleeding sap that face produces and oozes out naturally, avoids the infection of stock and scion wound, the raising graft survival rate.

In addition, the present invention select for use stalwartness, the growth vigorous, no damage by disease and insect and more than 3 years the Wild hickory of the age of tree be stock.

The present invention also selects for use water content high, and bud is full, and the marrow heart is little, and degree of lignification is high, robust growth, and high yield, stable yields, no damage by disease and insect, precocity fruiting, the walnut of the age of tree is the scion seeds more than 2 years.Scionwood can be selected kind the Liao Dynasty nuclear for use No. 1, tribute mountain complex, and Yanyuan is complex early, 2 years living vegetative shoot of Xinfeng complex.Select to form new walnut plant after strong stock of vitality and the scion grafting, can shorten the cycle as a result, 1 year grafting survival, second annual bearing is benefited, and 3-5 gets into the achievement phase after the grafting.

Description of drawings

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention is done further detailed explanation:

Fig. 1 is a stock side view of the present invention

Fig. 2 is a scionwood side view of the present invention

Fig. 3 inserts the side view in the stock for scionwood among the present invention

Embodiment

Figure 2011102368743100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE002

scion is selected: according to the region and the difference of adopting fringe, grafting time, the tree that mainly select best in quality, robust growth, high yield, stable yields, no damage by disease and insect, adapts to the breeding spot working condition is for adopting the fringe elite stand.Kind is adopted in main choosing has No. 1, the Liao Dynasty's nuclear, tribute mountain complex, and Yanyuan is complex early, the perennial vegetative shoot of high-quality complexs such as Xinfeng complex or the spring part slightly of the age of tree more than 2 years.Branch is healthy and strong, grow enrich, less, the no mechanical injury of the heart and frostbite, 1-2 fringe bud arranged.

Figure 2011102368743100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE004

gathers scion: be typically chosen in to adopt when the fringe elite stand is in resting state January December to next year and carry out.

Gathering scion can be with hand shears or averruncator, and clip will be put down.In time seal the scion two ends after the shearing, prevent water loss with paraffin.

The method of sealing with wax: paraffin and beeswax with 10:2 are mixed and heated to 95-105C; With the scion bar one dips in (time is in 1 second) in wax liquid rapidly; Then the scionwood other end is also dipped in wax liquid (time is in 1 second), make the surface of whole piece scion bar all enclose the very thin wax liquid of one deck equably.The scionwood of sealing with wax that will cool off is fully then collected storage

Figure 2011102368743100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE006

scion is deposited: the basket or the carton that adopt good permeability; The river sand of 2:1 is mixed thoroughly to send out with the sawdust powder of having sterilized and is wet; The layering of scion branch is placed, and the mixture of river sand and sawdust powder is below every layer of scion branch.The seasoning environment is shady and cool moist, below the temperature 4C, and humidity 80-90%.Pot life is within one month.

stock is selected: healthy and strong, vigorous, the no damage by disease and insect of growth, the wild on the spot tree of the age of tree more than 3 years.Remove the weeds and the Za Shu of stock periphery.

Figure 2011102368743100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE010

grafting: the grafting time 4-5 month

The stock top is sawn into angle, scabbles the surface of angle then with sharp grafting knife.(the 1 high one side upper end long crust (2) of 3-5cm of pruning is " V " font on the stock inclined-plane; Two cuttves are vertically drawn with grafting knife in the upper end of short one side on stock inclined-plane (1); Horizontal again partial application reaches layer of wood (4), tears the bleeding guiding gutter (8) that bark is " U " shape off.

Scionwood back of the body bud side is whittled into a big inclined-plane (6), and inclined-plane (6) are the same with " V " font (9) length on the stock, 3-5cm, and smooth, inclined-plane (6) area is above medulla (7).Prune gently again to the crust (5) of bud side.

Push stock " V " font (9) meat cortex (3) aside with grafting knife; Meat cortex (3) is separated with xylem (4); With scionwood inclined-plane (6) inside xylem (4) near stock; Insert from top to down, stay top, scionwood inclined-plane (6) crust a bit till, make stock meat cortex (3) hold scionwood tight in one's hands.

Use than the big agricultural mulching of stock saw kerf area; From stock and the full stock saw kerf of scionwood interface cover, the while agricultural mulching tears the hole and exposes scionwood, pitch of the laps wrapping around the stock saw kerf then; " V " font (9) interface surface of stock and scionwood is all encased; " U " word bleeding guiding gutter (8) bottom 1-2cm of the short one side in stock inclined-plane (1) exposes, and with the agricultural mulching wrapping scion skill of elongating drawing-down, the fringe bud exposes again.

Management after

Figure 2011102368743100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE012

grafting: about 20 days after the grafting; Be prone to sprout a large amount of young shoots on the stock; Influence the sprouting and the growth of bud on the scionwood, need to remove.The bud of removing on the stock is erased from the rudiment root, and bud picking was 3-4 time in 1 year.

The bud of scionwood grows to when forming shoot about 20cm, with dried branch it is carried out a rod binding.Simultaneously, the plastic sheeting for farm use gradation that will when grafting, wrap up is unclamped and is removed.

When shoot grows to the 30cm left and right sides, cut the top.Be beneficial to stock and scion and hinder the face consolidation, shoot is healthy and strong, and prevents that shoot is disconnected by wind.

In addition, also to check and prevent and treat, generally adopt artificial control and medicament to carry out integrated control damage by disease and insect.

Claims

1. Wild hickory graft technology may further comprise the steps:

Figure 2011102368743100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE002

scion is selected: according to the region and the difference of adopting fringe, grafting time, select to adopt the fringe elite stand;

Figure 2011102368743100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE004

gathers scion: select to adopt when the fringe elite stand is in resting state to carry out; Hand shears or averruncator; In time seal the scion two ends after the shearing, prevent water loss with paraffin;

3. scion seasoning: adopt the basket or the carton of good permeability, the layering of scion branch is placed, and the seasoning environment is shady and cool moist;

4. stock is selected: select healthy and strong, vigorous, the no damage by disease and insect of growth and more than 3 years the tree of the age of tree be stock;

5. grafting: stock top saw kerf, scionwood back of the body bud side is whittled into a big inclined-plane (6), and scionwood inclined-plane (6) are inserted stock pork skin layer (3) from top to down, uses the agricultural mulching bondage tight again;

6. the management after the grafting: remove the rudiment on the stock, the shoot bondage cuts off the shoot top and the extermination of disease and insect pest.

2. Wild hickory graft technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: selecting Wild hickory for use is stock, and the stock fracture is whittled into inclined-plane (1); High one side upper end, inclined-plane (1) the long crust (2) of 3-5cm of pruning is " V " font (9), and scionwood is pruned to the crust of bud side (5), pushes stock " V " font meat cortex (3) aside; Meat cortex (3) is separated with xylem (4); Scionwood inclined-plane (6) inwardly near the xylem (4) of stock, are inserted from top to down, expire the stock saw kerf with agricultural mulching from stock and scionwood interface cover again; Expose scionwood, tighten.

3. Wild hickory graft technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: can select numb willow for use is stock.

4. Wild hickory graft technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the scion seeds are that water content is high, and bud is full, and the marrow heart is little, and degree of lignification is high, robust growth, high yield, stable yields, no damage by disease and insect, precocity fruiting, the walnut of the age of tree more than 2 years.

5. Wild hickory graft technology according to claim 4 is characterized in that: scionwood is to select kind the Liao Dynasty nuclear for use No. 1, tribute mountain complex, and Yanyuan is complex early, 2 years living vegetative shoot of Xinfeng complex.

6. Wild hickory graft technology according to claim 2 is characterized in that: there is the bleeding guiding gutter (8) of " U " shape upper end of short one side on stock inclined-plane (1).