CN108634321A - 一种低聚肽营养制品及制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用植物和动物蛋白制成低聚肽营养制品及其主要成分精致低聚肽的制备方法。主要成分包括精制深海鱼皮肽、精制淡水鱼皮肽、精制大豆肽、精制玉米肽,其中精制深海鱼皮肽和精制淡水鱼皮肽分子量≤500道尔顿,精制大豆肽和精制玉米肽分子量≤1000道尔顿。起作用是重点补充皮肤胶原蛋白合成的原料,刺激皮肤成纤维细胞的增殖和分泌,改善服用者的皮肤韧性、弹性和水分含量,达到美容抗衰老的目的。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用植物和动物蛋白制成低聚肽营养制品。
背景技术
肽的研究历史已经超过一百年,有关肽的生物活性的研究日益活跃,美国和日本从上世纪八十年代就利用特殊酶解技术制备出植物来源的大豆、玉米低聚肽和动物来源的海洋鱼类低聚肽等产品,并应用于人体食品补充剂。研究证明低聚肽在人体营养补充、三大营养素代谢过程的调节、机体生长发育过程的调解过程中均发挥重要的作用。但是随着年龄的增加,体内低聚肽(短肽)的含量会降低,机体蛋白质营养水平也会降低,因此需要补充蛋白合成的原料氨基酸和肽类,而低聚肽在肠道内的吸收更迅速,且渗透压低,即使消化功能较弱的人也容易被吸收并被机体利用。试验证明能够促进胶原蛋白合成,使皮肤变得厚实有弹性;低聚肽能阻断神经递质信号,缓解皮肤肌肉亢进,促使皮肤平滑;低聚肽中的疏水性氨基酸、含硫氨基酸以及它的代谢产物谷胱甘肽具有清除自由基的作用而发挥较强的抗氧化作用,补充低聚肽可以起到降压、降糖、降脂,调整肠道菌群,减轻胰岛素抵抗等作用。对于术后高应激、高代谢或身体衰弱伴有消化不良的人群,常常会使机体处于负氮平衡状态,外科病人的临床过程中,因妨碍食物的摄入、食欲减退、代谢紊乱,消化功能下降,影响食物在胃肠道正常消化吸收,造成患者营养不良和免疫功能低下,而补充低聚肽可在基本不增加肠道负担的情况下,迅速纠正负氮平衡,改善患者的体质。
目前市场上的低聚肽或小分子的产品逐渐增多,但大多以单一肽为主打产品。有虽研发了复合肽产品,但大多是单一肽复合维生素、矿物质或其他植物提取物如植物多糖。不同种类的低聚肽按科学比例复配成复合低聚肽产品未见公开。
发明内容
本发明将种系差异很大的陆地植物低聚肽玉米蛋白和大豆蛋白与来自水生动物淡水鱼和深海鱼的鱼皮肽,进一步酶解精制并复配成具有针对美容抗衰老功能的精致低聚肽营养品。充分发挥低聚肽的互补优势,在调整机体整体状况的基础上,重点补充皮肤胶原蛋白合成的原料,刺激皮肤成纤维细胞的增殖和分泌,改善服用者的皮肤韧性、弹性和水分含量,达到美容抗衰老的目的。
该复合低聚肽营养品具体成分主要包括:精制深海鱼皮肽、精制淡水鱼皮肽、精制大豆肽、精制玉米肽、其中精制深海鱼皮肽和精制淡水鱼皮肽分子量≤500道尔顿,精制大豆肽和精制玉米肽分子量≤1000道尔顿。
对该复合低聚肽固体营养品可以进一步改良,在上述主要成分配方的基础上,添加叶酸和维生素E。
该复合低聚肽固体营养品具体成分的较佳比例配方为:深海鱼皮低聚肽30-50份、淡水鱼皮低聚肽20-50份、大豆低聚肽20-50份、玉米低聚肽20-50份、维生素E 0.0024-0.003份、叶酸0.00001-0.00002份。
该复合低聚肽固体营养品具体成分的最佳比例配方为:深海鱼皮低聚肽40份、淡水鱼皮低聚肽35份、大豆低聚肽35份、玉米低聚肽35份、维生素E 0.0027份、叶酸0.00005份。
按上述配方的精制低聚肽可以制成粉状固体制成品,也可以包含适当的水分和常规添加剂如抗氧化剂、稳定剂制和泡腾崩解剂等分别制成膏体、浆体、液体或泡腾片形态。
精制低聚肽的制备方法包括以下步骤:
A.粉碎:将干燥物料混匀粉碎至100目以上;
B.老化:加入重量比2.5倍水升温至80℃,保温时间30min;
C.酶解:加入分别相当于原料干重0.75%的胰蛋白酶、1.25%的碱性蛋白酶和1%的木瓜蛋白酶做成的复合酶制剂混匀,在55℃、pH7.5条件下连续反应4小时以上;
D.灭酶静置:升温至80℃灭酶,静置;
E.过滤:加压过滤酶解产物,获取透明液体;
F.脱色:加入相当于原料干重的1%活性炭,低速搅拌40min,过滤除去活性炭;
G.浓缩干燥:双效降膜浓缩,喷雾干燥,期间温度不超过60℃。
所述的干燥物料为市售深海鱼皮肽、淡水鱼皮肽、大豆肽、玉米肽任选之一,或取它们中的部分按一定比例配成的任意组合。
如最终剂型或中间为膏体、浆体或液体等含水形态,可以省去喷雾干燥步骤。
这里的100目以上是指细度大于等于100目,比如200目。
多肽原料精制加工技术标准:精制深海鱼皮低聚肽分子量≤500道尔顿,精制淡水鱼皮低聚肽分子量≤500道尔顿,精制大豆低聚肽分子量≤1000道尔顿,精制玉米低聚肽分子量≤1000道尔顿。用常规检测方法实测达到标准的精制低聚肽含量重量百分比不小于85%。颜色为白色至淡黄色,无苦味,水中溶解性良好。
具体实施
实施例1
精制低聚肽的制备,包括以下步骤:
1.粉碎:将干燥物料混匀并用粉碎机中进行粉碎至100目以上;
2.老化:粉碎后的物料在提取罐中进行老化时,加入重量比2.5倍水升温至80℃,保温30min;
3.酶解:加入分别相当于原料干重0.75%的胰蛋白酶、1.25%的碱性蛋白酶和1%的木瓜蛋白酶做成的复合酶制剂混匀,在55℃、pH7.5条件下连续反应4小时以上;
4.灭酶静置:酶解结束后,升温至80℃灭酶,静置;
5.过滤:加压过滤酶解产物,舍弃滤布上的固体物,获取透明液体;6.脱色:加入相当于原料干重的1%活性炭,低速搅拌40min,过滤除去活性炭,该步骤脱色同时可以去除低聚肽的苦味;
7.浓缩干燥:双效降膜浓缩,喷雾干燥,期间温度不超过60℃。
原料为市售深海鱼皮肽、淡水鱼皮肽、大豆肽、玉米肽。低聚肽精制加工时深海鱼皮肽、淡水鱼皮肽、大豆肽、玉米肽可以按上述方法分别各自单独精制加工,也可以按一定比例混合后一起精制加工,折中方式是深海鱼皮肽和淡水鱼皮肽为一组,大豆肽和玉米肽为一组。
技术标准:精制深海鱼皮低聚肽分子量≤500道尔顿,精制淡水鱼皮低聚肽分子量≤500道尔顿,精制大豆低聚肽分子量≤1000道尔顿,精制玉米低聚肽分子量≤1000道尔顿。用常规检测方法实测达到标准的低聚肽含量占总体精制产物干重重量百分比不小于85%。如实测低聚肽含量低于上述标准则适当延长酶解时间。精制低聚肽为白色至淡黄色,无苦味,水中溶解性良好。
获得精制低聚肽粉状固体以后,按精制深海鱼皮低聚肽40份、精制淡水鱼皮低聚肽35份、精制大豆低聚肽35份、精制玉米低聚肽35份、维生素E 0.0027份、叶酸0.00005份比例混合。
实施例2
该固体营养品四种短肽的比例的确定,主要根据动物(大鼠)实验得到的,实验方法简述如下:
(1)根据国内外的文献报道,确定人体四种肽的有效作用范围,折算为25-400mg/Kg·d;
(2)按动物剂量是人体剂量的5倍、10倍、15倍确定四种肽的低、高、中剂量,通过不同低聚肽高中低剂量的组合,确定不同配比的符合肽粉共27种。
(3)应用不同比例的肽粉,加入到培养基内,通过这些培养基培养大鼠成纤维细胞,在37℃培养72小时,选取成纤维细胞增殖和生长效果最好的三个配方作为下一步试验的配方。
(4)根据细胞培养选定的配方,进行老年大鼠低聚肽抗皮肤衰老试验,选取24月龄大鼠,随即分为对照组(A组)、玉米肽组(B组)、大豆肽组(C组)、海洋鱼肽组(D组)、淡水鱼肽组(E组)、低聚肽复合粉1组(F组)、低聚肽复合粉2组(G组)、复合粉3组(H组),对照组每天1ml蒸馏水灌胃,其他7组灌注溶解不同低聚肽粉的水溶液2.5ml,含低聚肽250mg,连续灌注30d后,首先观察大鼠的体重、毛色、各脏器重量、血糖、血脂和抗氧化指标,并取大鼠背部皮肤进行光电镜观察皮肤各层的厚度、细胞排列状况、胶原纤维的含量及排列、成纤维细胞的数量等指标,确定效果最佳的一个配方为最终选定的配方。
(5)试验证明,经过30天灌注不同肽溶液,大鼠的体重、血脂、空腹血糖均无明显的改变,说明肽对正常老年大鼠的体重、血脂、血糖均无明显的影响,而对照组老年大鼠毛发变得稀疏无光泽,部分大鼠有局部脱毛的现象,光镜下表皮细胞各层均变薄,基底层细胞排列稀疏,着色变浅,真皮层的胶原纤维变少,成纤维细胞数量很少,但是灌注不同浓度的肽溶液组毛发明显变得光滑,无明显脱毛现象,显微镜下表皮层变厚,细胞排列规则,着色变深,真皮层胶原纤维和成纤维细胞均增加,在灌注肽的各组中,G组(复合肽粉2)毛发最为光亮,细胞排列最为规整,基底层细毛排列密实,胶原纤维含量也最多,试验的结果详见表2。
表2.不同低聚肽溶液灌胃30天后对大鼠体重及皮肤显微结构的影响
实验说明灌注单一肽即可改善大鼠的皮肤状况,但4种肽组成的复合肽效果更好,而在复合肽配方二的效果是在所有组中最好的。
(6)实验解结果G组最为理想。以该配方为基础,复合一定比例的水溶性维生素E、叶酸,作为最终配方。
Claims (6)
1.一种低聚肽营养制品,主要成分是精制低聚肽,包括:精制深海鱼皮肽、精制淡水鱼皮肽、精制大豆肽、精制玉米肽,其中精制深海鱼皮肽和精制淡水鱼皮肽分子量≤500道尔顿,精制大豆肽和精制玉米肽分子量≤1000道尔顿。
2.如权利要求1所述的低聚肽营养制品,其特征是还包括叶酸和维生素E。
3.如权利要求2所述的低聚肽营养制品,其特征是各成分的配比范围是:精制深海鱼皮低聚肽30-50份、精制淡水鱼皮低聚肽20-50份、精制大豆低聚肽20-50份、精制玉米低聚肽20-50份、维生素E 0.0024-0.003份、叶酸0.00001-0.00002份。
4.如权利要求3所述的低聚肽营养制品,其特征是各成分的具体配比是:精制深海鱼皮低聚肽40份、精制淡水鱼皮低聚肽35份、精制大豆低聚肽35份、精制玉米低聚肽35份、维生素E 0.0027份、叶酸0.00005份。
5.精制低聚肽的制备方法包括以下步骤:
A.粉碎:将干燥物料混匀粉碎至100目以上;
B.老化:加入重量比2.5倍水升温至80℃,保温时间30min;
C.酶解:加入分别相当于原料干重0.75%的胰蛋白酶、1.25%的碱性蛋白酶和1%的木瓜蛋白酶做成的复合酶制剂混匀,在55℃、pH7.5条件下连续反应4小时以上;
D.灭酶静置:升温至80℃灭酶,静置;
E.过滤:加压过滤酶解产物,获取透明液体;
F.脱色:加入相当于原料干重的1%活性炭,低速搅拌40min,过滤除去活性炭;
G.浓缩:双效降膜浓缩,期间温度不超过60℃。
所述的干燥物料为市售深海鱼皮肽、淡水鱼皮肽、大豆肽、玉米肽中任选之一,或取它们中的部分按任意比例配成的组合。
6.如权利要求5所述精制低聚肽的制备方法,其特征包括以下步骤:
A.粉碎:将干燥物料混匀粉碎至100目以上;
B.老化:加入重量比2.5倍水升温至80℃,保温时间30min;
C.酶解:加入分别相当于原料干重0.75%的胰蛋白酶、1.25%的碱性蛋白酶和1%的木瓜蛋白酶做成的复合酶制剂混匀,在55℃、pH7.5条件下连续反应4小时以上;
D.灭酶静置:升温至80℃灭酶,静置;
E.过滤:加压过滤酶解产物,获取透明液体;
F.脱色:加入相当于原料干重的1%活性炭,低速搅拌40min,过滤除去活性炭;
G.浓缩干燥:双效降膜浓缩,喷雾干燥,期间温度不超过60℃。
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