CN108580881B - Metal composite material for electron beam 3D printing - Google Patents

Metal composite material for electron beam 3D printing Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108580881B
CN108580881B CN201810608047.4A CN201810608047A CN108580881B CN 108580881 B CN108580881 B CN 108580881B CN 201810608047 A CN201810608047 A CN 201810608047A CN 108580881 B CN108580881 B CN 108580881B
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metal powder
conductive material
electron beam
composite material
powder
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CN108580881A (en
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李卫荣
唐冬娥
刘芳菲
庞栋
孙丽娟
卢永安
杨潘
葛宝荣
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Dongguan Magnesium Medical Equipment Co ltd
Dongguan Eontec Co Ltd
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Dongguan City Meian Magnesium Industry Technology Co Ltd
Dongguan Eontec Co Ltd
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    • B22F1/0003—
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
    • B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
    • B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of 3D printing materials, and particularly relates to a metal composite material for electron beam 3D printing, which comprises metal powder and a conductive material, wherein the conductive material comprises graphene and carbon fibers, and the metal powder comprises the following components in atomic percentage: C. mn, P, S, Cu, Ni, Cr, Mo, Al, Cu, Eu, Ce and Fe; the mass ratio of the conductive material to the composite material is 1-10%; the conductive material and the metal powder are uniformly mixed by a ball milling method. According to the invention, the conductive material (mixture of graphene and carbon fiber) is added, wherein the graphene has good conductivity and certain adhesiveness in a heating state, and the carbon fiber and the graphene are combined to form line and surface conductivity, so that the metal powder is mixed with the carbon fiber and the graphene, the conductivity of the metal powder can be improved, negative charges on the surface of the metal powder can be rapidly transferred, the adhesiveness among powder particles can be improved, and the problem of powder blowing can be solved.

Description

Metal composite material for electron beam 3D printing
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of 3D printing materials, and particularly relates to a metal composite material for electron beam 3D printing.
Background
In the last 80 th century, 3D printing technology emerged, which is not stopped with the traditional 'removal' processing method, and 3D printing is a bottom-up manufacturing method, also called additive manufacturing technology, that is, the construction from digital model to real object is realized by layer-by-layer stacking. Due to its simplicity and rapidity, 3D printing technology has received great attention since birth and has therefore been rapidly developed. In recent decades, 3D printing technology has been used in the fields of industrial design, architecture, automotive, aerospace, dentistry, education, etc., but its application and development are still limited by many factors. Besides the parameters of instruments and equipment and the printing process, the raw materials are also key factors influencing the quality of 3D printed products, and the raw materials directly influence the surface quality, heat resistance, toughness and the like of final products. Therefore, the development of composite materials with superior overall properties to overcome the defects and application limitations of single materials is a research hotspot in this field.
The electron beam 3D printing refers to that powder or wire forms a molten pool under the action of an electron beam, and sintering (or melting) is realized along with the movement of a beam spot of the electron beam. Compared with a selective melting technology using laser as a heat source, the electron beam 3D printing technology has various incomparable advantages, for example, the power density of the electron beam is much higher than that of the laser when the electron beam continuously works, the maximum power of the electron beam is many times higher than that of the laser in the welding process, the scanning processing speed of the electron beam is more than 100-1000 times faster than that of the laser, and molds and parts can be directly produced. Because the working environment of the electron beam is vacuum, the produced mould and part have few pores and oxide layers, and therefore, the mechanical property and the strength of the electron beam are better than those of the electron beam melted by the laser selective area. The material has wide application range, concentrated focusing, higher power, high vacuum protection, high scanning speed, more convenient electromagnetic deflection control and higher energy utilization rate.
The electron beam 3D printing technique is a product that combines the advantages of electron beam welding with the advantages of rapid manufacturing techniques. However, a special phenomenon, powder blowing, occurs in the process of electron beam 3D printing, which means that metal powder particles are already deviated from the original powder spreading position before melting, and thus electron beam powder melting and forming cannot be performed. The local powder blowing problem can lead the powder in the working area of the substrate to be rare; in severe cases, the powder in the working area of the substrate will be totally dispersed, thereby forming a phenomenon similar to "sand storm".
In view of this, the invention aims to provide a metal composite material for 3D printing, which can well solve the problem of powder blowing by adding graphene and rare earth elements (Ce and Eu), so that electron beam 3D printing can be performed normally.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: aiming at the defects of the prior art, the metal composite material for 3D printing is provided, the graphene is added, the rare earth elements (Ce and Eu) are added, the powder blowing problem can be well solved, and the electron beam 3D printing can be normally carried out.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a metal composite material for electron beam 3D printing comprises metal powder and a conductive material, wherein the conductive material comprises graphene and carbon fiber, and the metal powder comprises the following components in atomic percentage:
C 0.01％～0.1％；
Mn 0.1％～2.0％；
P 0.02％～0.08％；
S 0.005％～0.03％；
Cu 0.01％～0.05％；
Ni 8.0％～11.0％；
Cr 15％～20％；
Mo 0.01％～0.05％；
Al 0.005％～0.05％；
Cu 0.002％～0.05％；
Eu 0.001％～0.1％；
Ce 0.001％～0.1％；
the balance being Fe;
the mass ratio of the conductive material to the composite material is 1-10%; the conductive material and the metal powder are uniformly mixed by a ball milling method.
As an improvement of the metal composite material for electron beam 3D printing of the present invention, the metal powder comprises, in atomic percent:
C 0.03％～0.08％；
Mn 0.5％～1.5％；
P 0.03％～0.06％；
S 0.01％～0.025％；
Cu 0.02％～0.04％；
Ni 8.5％～10.5％；
Cr 16％～19％；
Mo 0.02％～0.04％；
Al 0.01％～0.04％；
Cu 0.01％～0.04％；
Eu 0.005％～0.05％；
Ce 0.005％～0.05％；
the balance being Fe.
As an improvement of the metal composite material for electron beam 3D printing of the present invention, the metal powder comprises, in atomic percent:
C 0.05％；
Mn 1.0％；
P 0.04％；
S 0.02％；
Cu 0.03％；
Ni 9.5％；
Cr 17％；
Mo 0.03％；
Al 0.03％；
Cu 0.02％；
Eu 0.01％；
Ce 0.01％；
the balance being Fe.
As an improvement of the metal composite material for electron beam 3D printing, in the conductive material, the mass ratio of graphene to carbon fiber is (1-5): 1.
as an improvement of the metal composite material for electron beam 3D printing, the preparation method comprises the following steps:
weighing C, Mn, P, S, Cu, Ni, Cr, Mo, Al, Cu, Eu, Ce and Fe powder, uniformly mixing, then placing in a closed smelting furnace, vacuumizing the closed smelting furnace to be lower than 0.02MPa, and introducing high-purity inert gas; then heating to 1500-1700 ℃ to melt the mixture into a melt;
secondly, the melt passes through gas atomization equipment, and the sprayed liquid drops are cooled and solidified into metal powder through heat exchange with inert gas;
and step three, uniformly mixing the metal powder and the conductive material by a ball milling method to obtain the composite material.
As an improvement of the metal composite material for electron beam 3D printing, in the first step, electromagnetic stirring is assisted while heating so as to reduce element segregation.
As an improvement of the metal composite material for electron beam 3D printing, the particle size of the metal powder obtained in the second step is 100-800 μm.
As an improvement of the metal composite material for electron beam 3D printing of the present invention, the third step of ball milling specifically comprises the steps of: adding metal powder and a conductive material into a ball mill by taking ethanol as a ball milling medium, adding titanium tetrachloride during the ball milling process, wherein the rotating speed of the ball mill is 40-70 r/min, and the ball milling time is 10-90 min; and after the ball milling is finished, sieving the powder, and drying the powder in a vacuum drying oven to obtain the composite material.
As an improvement of the metal composite material for electron beam 3D printing, the inert gas in the first step and the inert gas in the second step is argon or nitrogen, and the purity of the inert gas is more than 99%.
The blowing phenomenon is mainly caused by that: firstly, bombarding metal powder by high-speed electron beams, and evaporating the metal powder to cause a reaction force; second, electron beam bombardment causes the metal powder to become electrically charged, exposing the powder to coulombic and lorentz forces.
Therefore, the conductive material (the mixture of the graphene and the carbon fiber) is added, wherein the graphene has good conductivity and certain adhesiveness in a heating state, and the carbon fiber and the graphene are combined to form line and surface conductivity, so that the carbon fiber and the graphene are mixed with the metal powder, the conductivity of the metal powder can be improved, negative charges on the surface of the metal powder can be rapidly transferred, the adhesiveness among powder particles can be improved, and the powder blowing problem can be solved.
In addition, the addition of a small amount of Ce and Eu can improve the plasticity and toughness of the composite material, improve the shape, distribution and size of fracture dimple, and obviously reduce impurities, thereby reducing cracks and edge pores. Meanwhile, the corrosion resistance of the composite material can be improved by adding the two elements, because the two elements can play a role in refining grains. In addition, the antibacterial property of the composite material can be improved by adding Ce.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a metal composite material for electron beam 3D printing, which comprises metal powder and a conductive material, wherein the conductive material comprises graphene and carbon fibers, and the metal powder comprises the following components in atomic percentage:
C 0.05％；
Mn 1.0％；
P 0.04％；
S 0.02％；
Cu 0.03％；
Ni 9.5％；
Cr 17％；
Mo 0.03％；
Al 0.03％；
Cu 0.02％；
Eu 0.01％；
Ce 0.01％；
the balance being Fe.
The mass ratio of the conductive material to the composite material is 5%; the conductive material and the metal powder are uniformly mixed by a ball milling method.
In the conductive material, the mass ratio of graphene to carbon fiber is 3: 1.
the preparation method of the composite material comprises the following steps:
weighing C, Mn, P, S, Cu, Ni, Cr, Mo, Al, Cu, Eu, Ce and Fe powder, uniformly mixing, then placing in a closed smelting furnace, vacuumizing the closed smelting furnace to be lower than 0.02MPa, and introducing high-purity inert gas; then heating to 1600 ℃ to melt the mixture into melt;
secondly, the melt passes through gas atomization equipment, and the sprayed liquid drops are cooled and solidified into metal powder through heat exchange with inert gas;
and step three, uniformly mixing the metal powder and the conductive material by a ball milling method to obtain the composite material.
In the first step, electromagnetic stirring is assisted while heating to reduce element segregation.
The grain diameter of the metal powder obtained in the second step is 100-800 μm.
The third step of ball milling comprises the following specific steps: adding metal powder and a conductive material into a ball mill by taking ethanol as a ball milling medium, adding titanium tetrachloride during the ball milling process, wherein the rotating speed of the ball mill is 60r/min, and the ball milling time is 30 min; and after the ball milling is finished, sieving the powder, and drying the powder in a vacuum drying oven to obtain the composite material.
The inert gas in the first step and the second step is argon, and the purity of the argon is more than 99 percent.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a metal composite material for electron beam 3D printing, which comprises metal powder and a conductive material, wherein the conductive material comprises graphene and carbon fibers, and the metal powder comprises the following components in atomic percentage:
C 0.03％；
Mn 0.8％；
P 0.04％；
S 0.01％；
Cu 0.02％；
Ni 8.5％；
Cr 16％；
Mo 0.02％；
Al 0.02％；
Cu 0.02％；
Eu 0.03％；
Ce 0.02％；
the balance being Fe;
the mass ratio of the conductive material to the composite material is 8%; the conductive material and the metal powder are uniformly mixed by a ball milling method.
In the conductive material, the mass ratio of the graphene to the carbon fiber is 4: 1.
the preparation method of the composite material comprises the following steps:
weighing C, Mn, P, S, Cu, Ni, Cr, Mo, Al, Cu, Eu, Ce and Fe powder, uniformly mixing, then placing in a closed smelting furnace, vacuumizing the closed smelting furnace to be lower than 0.02MPa, and introducing high-purity inert gas; then heating to 1650 ℃ to melt the mixture into melt;
secondly, the melt passes through gas atomization equipment, and the sprayed liquid drops are cooled and solidified into metal powder through heat exchange with inert gas;
and step three, uniformly mixing the metal powder and the conductive material by a ball milling method to obtain the composite material.
In the first step, electromagnetic stirring is assisted while heating to reduce element segregation.
The grain diameter of the metal powder obtained in the second step is 100-800 μm.
The third step of ball milling comprises the following specific steps: adding metal powder and a conductive material into a ball mill by taking ethanol as a ball milling medium, adding titanium tetrachloride during the ball milling process, wherein the rotating speed of the ball mill is 50r/min, and the ball milling time is 60 min; and after the ball milling is finished, sieving the powder, and drying the powder in a vacuum drying oven to obtain the composite material.
The inert gas in the first step and the second step is nitrogen, and the purity of the inert gas is more than 99 percent.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a metal composite material for electron beam 3D printing, which comprises metal powder and a conductive material, wherein the conductive material comprises graphene and carbon fibers, and the metal powder comprises the following components in atomic percentage:
C 0.08％；
Mn 1.6％；
P 0.06％；
S 0.008％；
Cu 0.015％；
Ni 9.5％；
Cr 17.5％；
Mo 0.025％；
Al 0.015％；
Cu 0.015％；
Eu 0.015％；
Ce 0.012％；
the balance being Fe;
the mass ratio of the conductive material to the composite material is 3%; the conductive material and the metal powder are uniformly mixed by a ball milling method.
In the conductive material, the mass ratio of graphene to carbon fiber is 2: 1.
the preparation method of the composite material comprises the following steps:
weighing C, Mn, P, S, Cu, Ni, Cr, Mo, Al, Cu, Eu, Ce and Fe powder, uniformly mixing, then placing in a closed smelting furnace, vacuumizing the closed smelting furnace to be lower than 0.02MPa, and introducing high-purity inert gas; then heating to 1550 ℃ to melt the mixture into a molten liquid;
secondly, the melt passes through gas atomization equipment, and the sprayed liquid drops are cooled and solidified into metal powder through heat exchange with inert gas;
and step three, uniformly mixing the metal powder and the conductive material by a ball milling method to obtain the composite material.
In the first step, electromagnetic stirring is assisted while heating to reduce element segregation.
The grain diameter of the metal powder obtained in the second step is 100-800 μm.
The third step of ball milling comprises the following specific steps: adding metal powder and a conductive material into a ball mill by taking ethanol as a ball milling medium, adding titanium tetrachloride during the ball milling process, wherein the rotating speed of the ball mill is 70r/min, and the ball milling time is 40 min; and after the ball milling is finished, sieving the powder, and drying the powder in a vacuum drying oven to obtain the composite material.
The inert gas in the first step and the second step is nitrogen, and the purity of the inert gas is more than 99 percent.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a metal composite material for electron beam 3D printing, which comprises metal powder and a conductive material, wherein the conductive material comprises graphene and carbon fibers, and the metal powder comprises the following components in atomic percentage:
C 0.045％；
Mn 0.78％；
P 0.055％；
S 0.015％；
Cu 0.035％；
Ni 8.8％；
Cr 15.7％；
Mo 0.045％；
Al 0.013％；
Cu 0.023％；
Eu 0.034％；
Ce 0.041％；
the balance being Fe;
the mass ratio of the conductive material to the composite material is 6.5%; the conductive material and the metal powder are uniformly mixed by a ball milling method.
In the conductive material, the mass ratio of graphene to carbon fiber is 1: 1.
the preparation method of the composite material comprises the following steps:
weighing C, Mn, P, S, Cu, Ni, Cr, Mo, Al, Cu, Eu, Ce and Fe powder, uniformly mixing, then placing in a closed smelting furnace, vacuumizing the closed smelting furnace to be lower than 0.02MPa, and introducing high-purity inert gas; then heating to 1600 ℃ to melt the mixture into melt;
secondly, the melt passes through gas atomization equipment, and the sprayed liquid drops are cooled and solidified into metal powder through heat exchange with inert gas;
and step three, uniformly mixing the metal powder and the conductive material by a ball milling method to obtain the composite material.
In the first step, electromagnetic stirring is assisted while heating to reduce element segregation.
The grain diameter of the metal powder obtained in the second step is 100-800 μm.
The third step of ball milling comprises the following specific steps: adding metal powder and a conductive material into a ball mill by taking ethanol as a ball milling medium, adding titanium tetrachloride during the ball milling process, wherein the rotating speed of the ball mill is 450r/min, and the ball milling time is 70 min; and after the ball milling is finished, sieving the powder, and drying the powder in a vacuum drying oven to obtain the composite material.
The inert gas in the first step and the second step is argon, and the purity of the argon is more than 99 percent.
Example 5
The embodiment provides a metal composite material for electron beam 3D printing, which comprises metal powder and a conductive material, wherein the conductive material comprises graphene and carbon fibers, and the metal powder comprises the following components in atomic percentage:
C 0.067％；
Mn 1.1％；
P 0.068％；
S 0.011％；
Cu 0.018％；
Ni 9.2；
Cr 18.9％；
Mo 0.027％；
Al 0.033％；
Cu 0.009％；
Eu 0.006％；
Ce 0.022％；
the balance being Fe;
the mass ratio of the conductive material to the composite material is 6.5%; the conductive material and the metal powder are uniformly mixed by a ball milling method.
In the conductive material, the mass ratio of the graphene to the carbon fiber is 2.5: 1.
the preparation method of the composite material comprises the following steps:
weighing C, Mn, P, S, Cu, Ni, Cr, Mo, Al, Cu, Eu, Ce and Fe powder, uniformly mixing, then placing in a closed smelting furnace, vacuumizing the closed smelting furnace to be lower than 0.02MPa, and introducing high-purity inert gas; then heating to 1700 ℃ to melt the mixture into melt;
secondly, the melt passes through gas atomization equipment, and the sprayed liquid drops are cooled and solidified into metal powder through heat exchange with inert gas;
and step three, uniformly mixing the metal powder and the conductive material by a ball milling method to obtain the composite material.
In the first step, electromagnetic stirring is assisted while heating to reduce element segregation.
The grain diameter of the metal powder obtained in the second step is 100-800 μm.
The third step of ball milling comprises the following specific steps: adding metal powder and a conductive material into a ball mill by taking ethanol as a ball milling medium, adding titanium tetrachloride during the ball milling process, wherein the rotating speed of the ball mill is 55r/min, and the ball milling time is 75 min; and after the ball milling is finished, sieving the powder, and drying the powder in a vacuum drying oven to obtain the composite material.
The inert gas in the first step and the second step is nitrogen, and the purity of the inert gas is more than 99 percent.
The composite materials of examples 1 to 5 were spread on a substrate, processed and melted by an electron beam having a beam current of 5mA, a scanning rate of 3kHz, and a scanning pattern of a circle of R-30 mm, and then the total mass of the powder on the substrate before and after the electron beam was operated was measured, and the powder blowing rate was calculated, and the results are shown in table 1.
The mechanical properties including elongation, tensile strength and elastic modulus of the composite materials provided in examples 1 to 5 were measured by an electronic universal material tester, and the results are shown in table 1.
The composite materials provided in examples 1 to 5 were formed into a cylindrical shape and immersed in Simulated Body Fluid (SBF), each sample was independently placed in a sealed plastic container, and then an immersion bottle was placed in a 37 ℃ constant temperature water bath for 28 days, and the corrosion rate was calculated, and the results are shown in table 1.
Table 1: physical Properties of the composite materials provided in examples 1 to 5
Figure GDA0002267713410000151
As can be seen from table 1: the composite material provided by the invention has the advantages of low powder blowing rate, excellent mechanical property and better corrosion resistance.
Variations and modifications to the above-described embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art, which fall within the scope and spirit of the above description. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed and described above, and some modifications and variations of the present invention should fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention. Furthermore, although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.

Claims (8)

1. A metal composite material for electron beam 3D printing, comprising metal powder and a conductive material, wherein the conductive material comprises graphene and carbon fiber, and the metal powder comprises the following components in atomic percentage:
Figure FDA0002267713400000011
the balance being Fe;
the mass ratio of the conductive material to the composite material is 1-10%; uniformly mixing the conductive material and the metal powder by a ball milling method;
in the conductive material, the mass ratio of graphene to carbon fiber is (1-5): 1.
2. the metal composite for electron beam 3D printing according to claim 1, wherein the metal powder comprises, in atomic percent:
Figure FDA0002267713400000021
the balance being Fe.
3. The metal composite for electron beam 3D printing according to claim 2, wherein the metal powder comprises, in atomic percent:
Figure FDA0002267713400000022
Figure FDA0002267713400000031
the balance being Fe.
4. The metal composite material for electron beam 3D printing according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the steps of:
weighing C, Mn, P, S, Cu, Ni, Cr, Mo, Al, Cu, Eu, Ce and Fe powder, uniformly mixing, then placing in a closed smelting furnace, vacuumizing the closed smelting furnace to be lower than 0.02MPa, and introducing high-purity inert gas; then heating to 1500-1700 ℃ to melt the mixture into a melt;
secondly, the melt passes through gas atomization equipment, and the sprayed liquid drops are cooled and solidified into metal powder through heat exchange with inert gas;
and step three, uniformly mixing the metal powder and the conductive material by a ball milling method to obtain the composite material.
5. The metal composite material for electron beam 3D printing according to claim 4, wherein in the first step, electromagnetic stirring is assisted while heating to reduce element segregation.
6. The metal composite material for electron beam 3D printing according to claim 4, wherein the particle size of the metal powder obtained in the second step is 100 to 800 μm.
7. The metal composite material for electron beam 3D printing according to claim 4, wherein the third step of ball milling comprises the following specific steps: adding metal powder and a conductive material into a ball mill by taking ethanol as a ball milling medium, adding titanium tetrachloride during the ball milling process, wherein the rotating speed of the ball mill is 40-70 r/min, and the ball milling time is 10-90 min; and after the ball milling is finished, sieving the powder, and drying the powder in a vacuum drying oven to obtain the composite material.
8. The metal composite for electron beam 3D printing according to claim 4, wherein the inert gas in the first and second steps is argon or nitrogen with a purity of more than 99%.
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