CN113512688B - Spherical powder material for aviation ultrahigh-strength steel and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Spherical powder material for aviation ultrahigh-strength steel and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/34—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
- B22F2009/0836—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid with electric or magnetic field or induction
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
- B22F2009/0848—Melting process before atomisation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
- B22F2009/0896—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid particle transport, separation: process and apparatus
Abstract
The invention discloses an aviation ultrahigh-strength steel spherical powder material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the ultrahigh-strength steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 0.20 to 0.55, Cr: 0.50-1.70, N i: 1.00-2.20, S i: 0.85 to 2.15, Mo: 0.25 to 0.85, Mn: 0.15 to 1.35, Nb: 0.01 to 0.07, Cu: 0.01 to 0.04, T i: 0.01 to 0.07, Al: 0.01-0.07, and the balance being Fe, wherein the spherical powder material is obtained by atomizing steel under vacuum and high temperature conditions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of new materials and advanced manufacturing, and particularly relates to an ultrahigh-strength steel spherical powder material for aviation and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the rapid development of global economy and scientific technology, especially the higher performance requirements in the fields of national defense, military and the like, the traditional alloy material is insufficient, and advanced non-ferrous alloy materials (such as high-strength titanium alloy and nickel-based alloy) are difficult to achieve the tensile strength sigmab>The ultrahigh strength of 1400MPa, the demand for metallic structural materials with ultrahigh strength and excellent comprehensive properties. The ultrahigh-strength steel is a high-end structural material developed in recent decades, has high strength and toughness, high specific strength, good fatigue resistance, corrosion resistance and hot workability, and is widely applied to core components such as aerospace vehicle shells, aircraft wings, armored vehicles, detonation and ballistic protection special facilities, warship shells and other weapon armors and important military equipment. However, these ultra-high strength steels have high crack sensitivity and low weldability and are difficult to manufacture using conventional manufacturing methods.
Additive manufacturing, also called 3D printing, is a brand-new manufacturing technology, adopts the discrete/accumulation molding principle, can process parts with any complex shape through the conversion from three-dimension to two-dimension, has low manufacturing period and cost, and has unique advantages which are not possessed by the traditional mechanical cutting processing. Therefore, the development of the laser additive manufacturing high-efficiency forming technology of the ultra-high-strength steel is the key for promoting the development and application of the ultra-high-strength steel. At present, the research and application of the ultrahigh-strength steel additive manufacturing are few in China, and the key problems are that high-performance ultrahigh-strength steel spherical powder materials are lack, and the defects such as heat cracks and the like are easily generated in the additive manufacturing process, so that the plastic toughness and the fatigue performance of ultrahigh-strength steel additive manufacturing formed parts are poor, and the application requirements of the aviation industry cannot be met.
Based on the above, the invention provides an ultrahigh-strength steel spherical powder material and a preparation method thereof, which can effectively solve the bottleneck problem. The invention provides a new material with high performance and a preparation method for the laser additive manufacturing of the ultrahigh-strength steel, has important significance for improving the manufacturing efficiency and the application performance of the ultrahigh-strength steel, and is beneficial to solving the application requirement of the ultrahigh-strength steel in the equipment manufacturing industry of China.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an aviation ultrahigh-strength steel spherical powder material and a preparation method thereof. The spherical powder material can effectively reduce the crack sensitivity of the ultrahigh-strength steel, and the ultrahigh-strength steel component manufactured by the material has higher mechanical property and can be more effectively applied to laser additive manufacturing and remanufacturing technologies. Meanwhile, the blank of the ultrahigh-strength steel spherical powder material in the existing additive manufacturing field is made up, and the defects of cracks and the like easily generated when the ultrahigh-strength steel is manufactured by the existing laser additive manufacturing and remanufacturing technology are avoided.
To achieve the object of the present invention, the following embodiments are provided.
In an embodiment, the ultrahigh-strength steel spherical powder of the invention comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 0.20 to 0.55, Cr: 0.50 to 1.70, Ni: 1.00-2.20, Si: 0.85 to 2.15, Mo: 0.25 to 0.85, Mn: 0.15 to 1.35, Nb: 0.01 to 0.07, Cu: 0.01 to 0.04, Ti: 0.01 to 0.07, Al: 0.01 to 0.07, and the balance being Fe.
Preferably, the steel spherical powder of the present invention is composed of the following components in mass percent: c: 0.45, Cr: 1.30, Ni: 2.00, Si: 1.55, Mo: 0.85, Mn: 1.15, Nb: 0.04, Cu: 0.025, Ti: 0.05, Al: 0.05 and the balance of Fe.
Most preferably, the ultra-high strength steel consists of the following components in mass percent: c: 0.50, Cr: 1.10, Ni: 1.80, Si: 1.25, Mo: 0.75, Mn: 0.95, Nb: 0.03, Cu: 0.02, Ti: 0.04, Al: 0.04 and the balance of Fe.
The steel ball-shaped powder is prepared by an atomization method.
In another embodiment, the present invention also provides a method for preparing the steel spherical powder of the present invention, comprising the steps of,
1) putting the steel material into a vacuum melting chamber, filling protective gas argon, wherein the gas pressure in the melting chamber is 0.45-0.85 Mpa, and the vacuum degree is 1 multiplied by 10-2～1×10-1Pa；
2) Heating to 1650-1700 ℃, and starting a steady electric field and a steady magnetic field after the steel material is molten;
3) gas atomization: crushing the vertically falling metal liquid flow into fine liquid drops by using argon through a nozzle with a negative pressure drainage function, cooling, spheroidizing and solidifying the liquid drops to form spherical powder, controlling the temperature of the argon to be between 600 and 750 ℃, controlling the pressure of the argon to be between 3.5 and 6.0Mpa,
preferably, in the method of the present invention, the purity of the argon gas in the step 3) is 99.99% to 99.999%.
Preferably, the method of the present invention further comprises discharging the atomizing chamber gas after the spherical powder is formed. And (3) exhausting and simultaneously supplementing high-purity argon into the smelting chamber, controlling the gas supplementing pressure to be 3.0-3.5 MPa, and keeping the pressure difference between the smelting chamber and the atomizing chamber to be 0-0.5 MPa.
In a specific embodiment, the ultrahigh-strength steel spherical powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 0.20 to 0.55, Cr: 0.50 to 1.70, Ni: 1.00-2.20, Si: 0.85 to 2.15, Mo: 0.25 to 0.85, Mn: 0.15 to 1.35, Nb: 0.01 to 0.07, Cu: 0.01 to 0.04, Ti: 0.01 to 0.07, Al: 0.01 to 0.07, and the balance being Fe.
Preferably, the ultrahigh-strength steel consists of the following components in percentage by mass: c: 0.45, Cr: 1.30, Ni: 2.00, Si: 1.55, Mo: 0.85, Mn: 1.15, Nb: 0.04, Cu: 0.025, Ti: 0.05, Al: 0.05 and the balance of Fe.
Most preferably, the ultra-high strength steel consists of the following components in mass percent: c: 0.50, Cr: 1.10, Ni: 1.80, Si: 1.25, Mo: 0.75, Mn: 0.95, Nb: 0.03, Cu: 0.02, Ti: 0.04, Al: 0.04 and the balance of Fe.
The ultrahigh-strength steel spherical powder is prepared by the following method, and the method comprises the following steps:
1) vacuumizing: pre-vacuumizing the smelting chamber and atomizing chamber to 1X 10-2～1×10-1And Pa, after the powder is qualified, filling high-purity argon into the smelting chamber and the atomizing chamber to serve as protective gas, wherein the gas pressure in the smelting chamber is 0.45-0.85 Mpa, and oxidation of the ingredients in the smelting process and the powder in the atomizing process is avoided.
2) Smelting: and starting a medium-frequency induction heating power supply, and adjusting the power of the power supply to heat the crucible to 1650-1700 ℃. After the raw materials are smelted to molten state liquid, starting a steady state electric field and a steady state magnetic field, wherein the magnetic field intensity and direction are adjustable, and the adjusting range is 0.05-2T; the direct current intensity and direction can be adjusted within the range of 0-250A.
3) Gas atomization: the method comprises the following steps of crushing a vertically falling metal liquid flow into fine liquid drops by using argon through a nozzle with a negative pressure drainage effect, cooling, spheroidizing and solidifying the liquid drops to form powder, controlling the temperature of the argon used in the atomization process to be between 600 and 750 ℃, controlling the pressure of the argon to be within the adjustable range of 3.5 to 6.0Mpa, and controlling the purity of the argon to be between 99.99 and 99.999 percent. And discharging gas in the atomizing chamber by adopting a 5-30 kW high-pressure fan. And high-purity argon is supplemented into the smelting chamber while exhausting, the gas supplementing pressure is controlled to be 3.0-3.5 Mpa, the pressure difference between the smelting chamber and the atomizing chamber is kept to be 0-0.5 Mpa, and the hollow powder is prevented from being formed due to overlarge pressure difference.
4) Screening and packaging: and fully cooling the powder, sieving the powder at the temperature of lower than 50 ℃ in the atmosphere of high-purity argon, and packaging the powder with different particle size grades under the protection of argon, wherein the purity of the argon is 99.99-99.999%.
The alloy provided by the invention contains a high Mo element, can play a role in jointly precipitating and strengthening, and simultaneously improves the strength and the fracture toughness.
The alloy provided by the invention contains a proper amount of Ti and Al alloying elements, and can precipitate nanoscale Ni in the aging process of ultrahigh-strength steel3(Al,Ti)。
The invention removes the noble metal Co element in the traditional ultrahigh strength steel, effectively reduces the material cost and promotes the green utilization of resources.
The ultrahigh-strength steel spherical powder provided by the invention contains lower Cr and Ni alloying elements, and can obtain hard M2The C-type nano coherent precipitated phase strengthens a martensite matrix.
The ultrahigh-strength steel spherical powder has the beneficial effects that:
compared with the existing materials or technologies, the ultrahigh-strength steel spherical powder material disclosed by the invention optimizes the proportion and content of the elements of the high-strength steel in the aviation by utilizing material component design and trace element regulation and control, and is prepared by utilizing a vacuum induction melting gas atomization technology. The method makes up the blank of the aviation high-strength steel spherical powder material in the field of laser additive manufacturing, and promotes the aviation high-strength steel laser additive manufacturing to be zeroKey applications of components in the aerospace industry. The aviation ultrahigh-strength steel spherical powder material has the ultimate tensile strength of over 1500Mpa and the fatigue performance of over 700Mpa (10 Mpa)7Second) of high strength steel material for aviation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a microscopic morphology picture of a novel aviation high-strength steel spherical powder material;
FIG. 2 is a particle size distribution curve diagram of a novel aviation high-strength steel spherical powder material;
FIG. 3 is a macroscopic photograph of an aircraft wing prepared from a novel aircraft high-strength steel spherical powder material;
FIG. 4 is a photograph of the microstructure of an aircraft wing prepared from a novel high-strength steel spherical powder material;
FIG. 5 is a test result of the tensile properties of an aviation wing prepared by using a novel aviation high-strength steel spherical powder material;
FIG. 6 shows the results of microhardness testing of an aircraft wing made of a novel spherical powder material of high-strength steel.
Detailed Description
The spirit of the present invention is illustrated below with reference to representative examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited in any way.
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to a flow chart of the preparation of the novel aviation high-strength steel high-temperature alloy spherical powder material as shown in fig. 1, the invention lists the following three preferred embodiments.
The argon used in the following examples is high purity argon with a purity of 99.99% to 99.999%.
Example 1
The ultrahigh-strength steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 0.40, Cr: 1.50, Ni: 2.20, Si: 1.75, Mo: 0.65, Mn: 1.35, Nb: 0.05, Cu: 0.03, Ti: 0.06, Al: 0.06 and the balance of Fe.
The preparation process comprises the following steps:
1) vacuumizing: pre-vacuumizing treatment of smelting chamber and atomizing chamberThe vacuum degree reaches 1 x 10-2～1×10-1And Pa, after the powder is qualified, filling high-purity argon into the smelting chamber and the atomizing chamber to serve as protective gas, wherein the gas pressure in the smelting chamber is 0.45-0.85 Mpa, and oxidation of the ingredients in the smelting process and the powder in the atomizing process is avoided.
2) Smelting: and starting a medium-frequency induction heating power supply, and adjusting the power of the power supply to heat the crucible to 1650-1700 ℃. After the raw materials are smelted to molten state liquid, starting a steady state electric field and a steady state magnetic field, wherein the magnetic field intensity and direction are adjustable, and the adjusting range is 0.05-2T; the direct current intensity and direction can be adjusted within the range of 0-250A.
3) Gas atomization: the method comprises the following steps of crushing a vertically falling metal liquid flow into fine liquid drops by using argon through a nozzle with a negative pressure drainage function, cooling and spheroidizing and solidifying the liquid drops to form powder, controlling the temperature of the argon used in the atomization process to be between 600 and 750 ℃, controlling the adjustable range of the pressure of the argon to be 3.5 to 6.0Mpa and controlling the purity to be 99.99 to 99.999 percent. And discharging gas in the atomizing chamber by adopting a 5-30 kW high-pressure fan. And high-purity argon is supplemented into the smelting chamber while exhausting, the gas supplementing pressure is controlled to be 3.0-3.5 Mpa, the pressure difference between the smelting chamber and the atomizing chamber is kept to be 0-0.5 Mpa, and the hollow powder is prevented from being formed due to overlarge pressure difference.
4) Screening and packaging: and fully cooling the powder, sieving the powder at the temperature of lower than 50 ℃ in the atmosphere of high-purity argon, and carrying out argon protection packaging on the powder with different particle size grades. The powder was photographed by a scanning electron microscope, and as a result, as shown in FIG. 1, the particles were spherical, and the average size D50 of the spherical particles was 38.1. mu.m.
Example 2
The ultrahigh-strength steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 0.50, Cr: 1.10, Ni: 1.80, Si: 1.25, Mo: 0.75, Mn: 0.95, Nb: 0.03, Cu: 0.02, Ti: 0.04, Al: 0.04 and the balance of Fe.
The preparation process was the same as in example 1.
Example 3
The ultrahigh-strength steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 0.30, Cr: 0.90, Ni: 1.40, Si: 2.15, Mo: 0.45, Mn: 0.55, Nb: 0.07, Cu: 0.04, Ti: 0.03, Al: 0.03 and the balance of Fe.
The preparation process was the same as in example 1.
Example 4
The ultrahigh-strength steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 0.25, Cr: 0.70, Ni: 1.20, Si: 1.05, Mo: 0.35, Mn: 0.35, Nb: 0.02, Cu: 0.015, Ti: 0.02, Al: 0.02 and the balance of Fe.
The preparation process was the same as in example 1.
Example 5
The ultrahigh-strength steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 0.20, Cr: 0.50, Ni: 1.00, Si: 0.85, Mo: 0.25, Mn: 0.15, Nb: 0.01, Cu: 0.01, Ti: 0.01, Al: 0.01, Co: 1.5 and the balance of Fe.
The preparation process was the same as in example 1.
According to GB/T39251-2020 additive manufacturing metal powder performance characterization methods, various performance indexes (chemical components, oxygen content, granularity, sphericity, fluidity, apparent density, tap density and the like) of the ultrahigh-strength steel spherical powder prepared by the invention are tested and compared with the performance of the traditional ultrahigh-strength steel. The powder chemical composition analysis method was carried out according to the regulation of GB/T4698. The oxygen content of the powder was carried out according to the GB/T14265-1993 standard. The particle size distribution of the powder is measured by a laser particle sizer, the median diameter D50 of the powder and the measuring methods of D10 and D90 of the powder are carried out according to the regulations of GB-T19077.1-2008, and the particle size distribution curve of the powder prepared by the optimal embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. 2. The sphericity of the powder was measured using digital Image analysis software (Image-Pro-Plus). The flowability of the conventional factory powder was measured according to the specifications of ASTM B213-2017. The bulk density of the powder was determined according to GB/T1479.1-2011.
TABLE 1 comparison of the properties of the powders prepared in examples 1 to 5
As can be seen from the comparative analysis of the powder properties in Table 1, the spherical powder materials of examples 1 to 5 all had good performance indexes, and particularly, the powder of example 2 was superior to the powder of other examples 1 and 3 to 5 in performance indexes. Example 2 is therefore the most preferred embodiment of the invention. Therefore, the preparation method of the novel high-strength steel spherical powder material provided by the invention is verified by multiple material component optimization designs and comparative tests.
The ultrahigh-strength steel spherical powder prepared by the method and the ultrahigh-strength steel powder of the traditional mark are respectively used as raw materials, and the metal sample piece is printed by adopting selective laser melting forming equipment. The macro photo of the novel aviation high-strength steel spherical powder material printed aviation wing in the preferred embodiment of the invention is shown in fig. 3. A metallographic sample is cut along the deposition direction of a laser additive manufacturing sample piece by linear cutting, finely ground by using metallographic abrasive paper, and finally polished on polishing cloth, and the microstructure of a laser printed piece of the powder material prepared in the preferred embodiment is observed by using an optical microscope (Zeiss, Axio scope. ai), as shown in fig. 4. The wing is subjected to a normal-temperature tensile property test according to the GB/T228.1-2010 standard, and is subjected to a microhardness test according to GB2654-89 and GB 2649-89. The test results are shown in table 2. The tensile mechanical property curve and the microhardness distribution of the novel aviation high-strength steel spherical powder material printed part in the preferred embodiment 2 of the invention are respectively shown in fig. 5 and fig. 6.
TABLE 2 comparison of mechanical Properties of powder laser prints prepared in examples 1 to 5
As can be seen from the comparison of the mechanical properties of the laser-printed products of the powdered materials in Table 2, the respective indexes of the thermal properties of the laser-printed products of the spherical materials of examples 1 to 5 are good, but the index of the mechanical properties of example 2 is more excellent than those of examples 1 and 3 to 5. It is shown that example 2 is the most preferred embodiment of the present invention. Therefore, the ultrahigh-strength steel spherical powder disclosed by the invention is verified by a laser additive manufacturing process, meets the requirement of the aviation industry on the high mechanical property of the ultrahigh-strength steel, and has a good technical application prospect.
Finally, it is noted that the above-mentioned preferred embodiments illustrate rather than limit the invention, and that, although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the above-mentioned preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. The spherical powder of the aviation ultrahigh-strength steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 0.50, Cr: 1.10, Ni: 1.80, Si: 1.25, Mo: 0.75, Mn: 0.95, Nb: 0.03, Cu: 0.02, Ti: 0.04, Al: 0.04 and the balance of Fe, and the aviation ultrahigh-strength steel spherical powder is prepared by the following method, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
1) putting the steel material into a vacuum melting chamber, filling protective gas argon, wherein the gas pressure in the melting chamber is 0.45-0.85 MPa, and the vacuum degree is 1 multiplied by 10-2～1×10-1Pa；
2) Heating to 1650-1700 ℃, and starting a steady electric field and a steady magnetic field after the steel material is molten;
3) gas atomization: the vertically falling metal liquid flow is broken into fine liquid drops by argon through a nozzle with a negative pressure drainage function, the liquid drops are cooled, spheroidized and solidified to form spherical powder, the temperature of the argon is controlled to be 600-750 ℃, and the pressure of the argon is 3.5-6.0 MPa.
2. A method for preparing the aeronautical ultrahigh-strength steel spherical powder of claim 1, comprising the following steps,
1) putting the steel material into a vacuum melting chamber, filling protective gas argon, wherein the gas pressure in the melting chamber is 0.45-0.85 MPa, and the vacuum degree is 1 multiplied by 10-2～1×10-1Pa；
2) Heating to 1650-1700 ℃, and starting a steady electric field and a steady magnetic field after the steel material is molten;
3) gas atomization: the vertically falling metal liquid flow is broken into fine liquid drops by argon through a nozzle with a negative pressure drainage function, the liquid drops are cooled, spheroidized and solidified to form spherical powder, the temperature of the argon is controlled to be 600-750 ℃, and the pressure of the argon is 3.5-6.0 MPa.
3. The method for preparing the spherical powder of the aviation ultrahigh-strength steel as claimed in claim 2, wherein the purity of the argon gas is 99.99-99.999%.
4. The method for preparing spherical powder of aviation ultrahigh-strength steel according to claim 2, further comprising discharging gas from the atomizing chamber after the spherical powder is formed, and simultaneously supplying high-purity argon gas into the melting chamber after the gas is discharged, wherein the gas supply pressure is controlled to be 3.0-3.5 MPa, and the pressure difference between the melting chamber and the atomizing chamber is kept to be 0-0.5 MPa.
5. The method for preparing the spherical powder of the aeronautical ultrahigh-strength steel according to claim 4, wherein the purity of the high-purity argon gas is 99.99-99.999%.
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