CN108530099B - 一种块体碳增强体/碳复合材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于材料制备技术领域,具体涉及一种通过固相反应烧结得到的块体碳增强体/碳复合材料及其制备方法。块体碳增强体/碳复合材料,是将纳米金刚石粉体在溶剂中均匀分散后,将碳纤维布通过含有纳米金刚石粉体的料浆容器使之浸渍,然后将浸挂料浆的碳纤维布干燥得到含有金刚石粉体的碳纤维布的预制体,然后按所需规格剪裁,叠层在一起,在保护气氛下施加压力经高温烧结后得到所述碳增强体/碳复合材料。本发明所制备的块体碳增强体/碳复合材料具有高的致密度和良好的力学性能,可用于耐磨材料、电极材料、核能工业等。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于材料制备技术领域,具体涉及一种块体碳增强体/碳复合材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
碳材料一直伴随着人类历史发展的进程,从零维富勒烯到一维碳纳米管,再到二维石墨烯,最后到常见的三维碳材料石墨、金刚石,都有着重要的应用。从单一的碳材料到两相甚至多相的碳/碳复合材料越来越备受关注,其应用范围也越来越广。然而,当今碳材料尤其是碳相组成的复合材料其发展的瓶颈是制得的产品相对致密度不是很高,合成方法大都是液相浸渍或气相沉积法制得,生产周期较长,对生长环境要求苛刻。本发明是通过固相反应烧结来制备块体碳增强体/碳复合材料,相比,传统的碳/碳复合材料的制备,生产周期性较短,产品致密度相对提高,制备方法简单,可操作性强,扩大了碳/碳复合材料的应用领域。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的不足,攻克制备高密度高强度的碳/碳复合材料制备周期较长的难题,本发明提供了一种通过固相反应烧结得到的块体碳增强体/碳复合材料及其制备方法。本发明是将纳米金刚石粉体在溶剂中均匀分散后,将碳纤维布通过含有纳米金刚石粉体的料浆容器中使之浸渍,然后将浸挂料浆的碳纤维布干燥,按所需规格剪裁,叠层在一起,在保护气氛下施加压力经高温烧结后得到所述碳增强体/碳复合材料。
本发明采用的具体技术方案是:
一种块体碳增强体/碳复合材料的制备方法,是先制得复合材料的前驱体,再经过加压烧结转化为块体碳增强体/碳复合材料。
进一步的,所述前驱体:采用金刚石粉体在溶剂中均匀分散后,将表面涂有胶粘剂的碳纤维布通过含有纳米金刚石粉体的料浆容器使之浸渍,然后将浸挂料浆的碳纤维布干燥制得。
进一步的,所述复合材料的前驱体的制备过程包括以下步骤:
(1)金刚石分散液的制备:分别称取2.4~2.6g粒径为80~100nm和0.24~0.26g粒径为40~50nm的经改性处理的金刚石粉体,研磨混合;将研磨后的混合粉体加入50ml溶剂,超声分散20~30min;得到稳定的金刚石分散液;
(2)块体碳增强体/碳复合材料前驱体的制备:将表面涂有胶粘剂的碳纤维布通过配置好的金刚石分散液中使之浸渍,干燥,固化得到含有金刚石粉体的碳纤维布的预制体;
所述步骤(1)中,所述溶剂为无水乙醇。
所述步骤(2)中,所述胶粘剂为环氧树脂胶粘剂。
进一步的,所述的烧结过程为将复合材料的前驱体叠层放置于模具中,在保护气氛下烧结;烧结时对模具施加40~100MPa压力;达到最高烧结温度时,保温2~8min,泄压冷却至室温。高温时,金刚石颗粒经相转变为石墨相,填充在碳纤维布之间的缝隙中,得到致密的块体碳增强体/碳复合材料。
所述模具为石墨模具。
所述保护气氛为氩气。
所述烧结方式为放电等离子体烧结时;升温速率为100~150℃/min。
所述的加压起始温度为900℃。
本发明与现有技术相比所具有的有益效果是:
本发明是采用固相烧结的方式来制备碳/碳复合材料,利用金刚石密度大,在高温时金刚石原子活跃度大,经相转变体积膨胀转化为密度较小的石墨相,来填充碳纤维之间的空隙以提高产品的致密度。相比,传统的碳/碳复合材料大都是采用液相或气相的方法来制备,生长环境要求苛刻,周期性较长,产品致密度不是很高。本发明是通过固相反应烧结得到的块体碳增强体/碳复合材料,其致密度高达90%,生产周期较短,工艺简单,可操作性强,扩大了碳/碳复合材料的应用领域,特别是一些要求性能比较高的场合,如航空航天、军工生产等。
附图说明
图1是本发明制备一种块体碳增强体/碳复合材料的简要流程图。
具体实施方式
以下通过对实施例的描述,对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步的详细说明。
实施例1:
如附图1中所示流程,块体碳增强体/碳复合材料的制备方法,包括复合材料前驱体的制备、块体碳增强体/碳复合材料的烧结,具体步骤如下:
(1)复合材料前驱体的制备:
①金刚石分散液的制备:分别称取2.5g粒径为100nm和0.25g粒径为50nm的经表面改性的金刚石粉,放入研钵混合,研磨10min,将研磨后的粉体放入到100ml的烧杯中,向其烧杯中滴加50ml无水乙醇,将烧杯放入超声清洗仪中,采用120w功率超声分散30min,得到稳定的金刚石分散液;
②块体碳增强体/碳复合材料前驱体粉体的制备:将表面涂有环氧树脂胶粘剂的碳纤维布通过配置好的金刚石分散液中使之浸渍,干燥,固化含有金刚石粉体的碳纤维布的预制体。(2)复合材料的烧结:
将含有金刚石粉体的碳纤维布的预制体按一定形状裁剪叠层后放置于内径为10mm的石墨模具中,在氩气保护下,采用放电等离子体进行烧结,烧结时升温速率为150℃/min,烧结温度为1600℃,轴向压力为40MPa,高温时,金刚石颗粒经相转变为石墨相,填充在碳纤维布之间的缝隙中,得到致密为72%的块体碳增强体/碳复合材料。
实施例2:
如附图1中所示流程,块体碳增强体/碳复合材料的制备方法,包括复合材料前驱体的制备、块体碳增强体/碳复合材料的烧结,具体步骤如下:
(1)复合材料前驱体的制备:
①金刚石分散液的制备:分别称取2.5g粒径为100nm和0.25g粒径为50nm的经表面改性的金刚石粉,放入研钵混合,研磨10min,将研磨后的粉体放入到100ml的烧杯中,向其烧杯中滴加50ml无水乙醇,将烧杯放入超声清洗仪中,采用120w功率超声分散30min,得到稳定的金刚石分散液;
②块体碳增强体/碳复合材料前驱体粉体的制备:将表面涂有环氧树脂胶粘剂的碳纤维布通过配置好的金刚石分散液中使之浸渍,干燥,固化含有金刚石粉体的碳纤维布的预制体。(2)复合材料的烧结:
将含有金刚石粉体的碳纤维布的预制体按一定形状裁剪叠层后放置于内径为10mm的石墨模具中,在氩气保护下,采用放电等离子体进行烧结,烧结时升温速率为150℃/min,烧结温度为1700℃,轴向压力为40MPa,保温时间5min;高温时,金刚石颗粒经相转变为石墨相,填充在碳纤维布之间的缝隙中,得到致密为74.3%的块体碳增强体/碳复合材料。
实施例3:
如附图1中所示流程,块体碳增强体/碳复合材料的制备方法,包括复合材料前驱体的制备、块体碳增强体/碳复合材料的烧结,具体步骤如下:
(1)复合材料前驱体的制备:
①金刚石分散液的制备:分别称取2.5g粒径为100nm和0.25g粒径为50nm的经表面改性的金刚石粉,放入研钵混合,研磨10min,将研磨后的粉体放入到100ml的烧杯中,向其烧杯中滴加50ml无水乙醇,将烧杯放入超声清洗仪中,采用120w功率超声分散30min,得到稳定的金刚石分散液;
②块体碳增强体/碳复合材料前驱体粉体的制备:将表面涂有环氧树脂胶粘剂的碳纤维布通过配置好的金刚石分散液中使之浸渍,干燥,固化含有金刚石粉体的碳纤维布的预制体。(2)复合材料的烧结:
将含有金刚石粉体的碳纤维布的预制体按一定形状裁剪叠层后放置于内径为10mm的石墨模具中,在氩气保护下,采用放电等离子体进行烧结,烧结时升温速率为150℃/min,烧结温度为1700℃,轴向压力为70MPa,保温时间5min;高温时,金刚石颗粒经相转变为石墨相,填充在碳纤维布之间的缝隙中,得到致密达82.5%的块体碳增强体/碳复合材料。
实施例4:
如附图1中所示流程,块体碳增强体/碳复合材料的制备方法,包括复合材料前驱体的制备、块体碳增强体/碳复合材料的烧结,具体步骤如下:
(1)复合材料前驱体的制备:
①金刚石分散液的制备:分别称取2.5g粒径为100nm和0.25g粒径为50nm的经表面改性的金刚石粉,放入研钵混合,研磨10min,将研磨后的粉体放入到100ml的烧杯中,向其烧杯中滴加50ml无水乙醇,将烧杯放入超声清洗仪中,采用120w功率超声分散30min,得到稳定的金刚石分散液;
②块体碳增强体/碳复合材料前驱体粉体的制备:将表面涂有环氧树脂胶粘剂的碳纤维布通过配置好的金刚石分散液中使之浸渍,干燥,固化含有金刚石粉体的碳纤维布的预制体。(2)复合材料的烧结:
将含有金刚石粉体的碳纤维布的预制体按一定形状裁剪叠层后放置于内径为10mm的石墨模具中,在氩气保护下,采用放电等离子体进行烧结,烧结时升温速率为100℃/min,烧结温度为1600℃,轴向压力为100MPa,保温时间5min;高温时,金刚石颗粒经相转变为石墨相,填充在碳纤维布之间的缝隙中,得到致密达90.8%的块体碳增强体/碳复合材料。
以上描述只是本发明的具体实施方式,各举例说明不对本发明的实质内容构成限制,所属技术领域的技术人员对前述的具体实施方式做修改或变形,不背离本发明的实质。
Claims (4)
1.一种块体碳增强体/碳复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于:采用金刚石粉体在溶剂中均匀分散后,将碳纤维布通过含有纳米金刚石粉体的料浆容器中使之浸渍,然后将浸挂料浆的碳纤维布干燥,按所需规格剪裁,叠层在一起,在保护气氛下施加压力经高温烧结后得到所述碳增强体/碳复合材料;包括以下步骤:
(1)金刚石分散液的制备:分别称取2.4~2.6g粒径为80~100nm和0.24~0.26g粒径为40~50nm的经改性处理的金刚石粉体,研磨混合;将研磨后的混合粉体加入50ml溶剂,超声分散20~30min;得到稳定的金刚石分散液;
(2)块体碳增强体/碳复合材料前驱体的制备:将表面涂有胶粘剂的碳纤维布通过配置好的金刚石分散液中使之浸渍,干燥,固化得到含有金刚石粉体的碳纤维布的预制体;
(3)块体碳增强体/碳复合材料的制备:将制备好含有金刚石粉体的碳纤维布的预制体按所需规格剪裁,叠层在一起,在保护气氛下施加压力经高温烧结后得到所述碳增强体/碳复合材料;
所述烧结的具体过程为:称取所述复合材料的前驱体叠层放置于模具中,所述模具为石墨模具;在保护气氛下烧结,所述保护气氛为氩气;在900℃时开始对模具加压,施加的压力为40~70MPa;当达到最高烧结温度时,所述的最高温度为1600~1700℃;保温一定时间,所述的保温时间为2~8min;然后泄压冷却至室温;
所述烧结为放电等离子体烧结时,升温速率为100~150℃/min。
2.根据权利要求1所述的块体碳增强体/碳复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述金刚石粉体采用至少两种不同粒径的金刚石复配。
3.根据权利要求1所述的块体碳增强体/碳复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中,所述溶剂为无水乙醇。
4.根据权利要求1所述的块体碳增强体/碳复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)中,所述胶粘剂为环氧树脂胶粘剂。
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