CN108476954B - Production method for strawberry seedling breeding and celery rotation in northern area - Google Patents
Production method for strawberry seedling breeding and celery rotation in northern area Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108476954B CN108476954B CN201810196909.7A CN201810196909A CN108476954B CN 108476954 B CN108476954 B CN 108476954B CN 201810196909 A CN201810196909 A CN 201810196909A CN 108476954 B CN108476954 B CN 108476954B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- strawberry
- seedlings
- celery
- plant
- seedling
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a production method of strawberry seedling cultivation and celery rotation in northern areas, which overcomes the problems of high seedling breeding cost, unstable seedling quality and low efficiency in the existing strawberry production, and comprises the following steps: 1. culturing strawberry mother plant, 1) preparing culture medium of strawberry mother plant; 2) selecting a healthy strawberry plant without virus as a stock plant in the last ten days of 4 months, and planting the strawberry plant in a culture medium of the stock plant; 3) after the seedling of the mother plant is slowed, additionally applying nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium balance fertilizer for 1 time at intervals of 15 days according to the growth vigor of the plant; 2. obtaining stolon seedlings and preparing celery germination accelerating seedling culture, 1) obtaining the stolon seedlings; 2) accelerating germination and seedling culture of celery: when stolons of the strawberry mother plant are extracted, celery seedling culture work is started; 3. cultivating strong strawberry seedlings; 4. harvesting strawberry seedlings and planting celery; 5. cultivating strawberries in a greenhouse; 6. harvesting, namely harvesting fresh strawberry fruits to appear on the market from the New year's day to the spring festival, and harvesting celery in time before and after the New year's day according to market demands.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a cultivation method belonging to the technical field of agricultural production, in particular to an efficient production method for strawberry seedling breeding and celery rotation in northern areas.
Background
Strawberry is perennial herbaceous plant of Rosaceae (Rosaceae). The strawberry is tender and succulent in meat, rich in nutrition and has strong fruit aroma, so that the strawberry is deeply loved by consumers. In recent years, with the improvement of living standard of people, the demand of the market for strawberries is obviously increased, and the planting area of strawberries in China is also increased year by year.
The breeding of the seedlings is a key link in strawberry production, and the quality of the seedlings is directly related to the field yield and the fruit quality. As the field diseases are caused by the germs carried by the strawberry seedlings, the yield and the fruit quality are reduced, and the production benefit is greatly reduced, the attention is paid to how to breed the high-quality and strong strawberry seedlings. In the prior production, the breeding method of strawberry seedlings mainly comprises the following steps:
leading stems and pressing vines for breeding: after the strawberry stolons are extracted, the stolons can grow seedlings, and the seedlings are pressed by soil blocks to be earthed up and rooted, so that the growth of the seedlings is promoted, and the seedlings are formed. The breeding method is simple, the technical requirement is not high, and the breeding method is easy to master, but seedlings obtained by the breeding method are easy to infect soil-borne diseases, so that the problems of seed degeneration, weak plant growth, poor fruiting capacity, increased malformed fruits, poor fruit quality and the like are caused.
Substrate cutting seedling: the non-toxic and non-pathogenic grass peat, coconut husk, perlite and other matrixes are prepared according to a certain proportion and then are put into a seedling raising tray or a seedling raising pot. After the strawberry stolons are extracted, the stolons seedlings which do not root or have less rooting are cut in a moist substrate to promote the growth of the stolons, and the stolons are cultured into independent seedlings. Matrix cuttage is grown seedlings and can be gone on indoor, and the centralized management of being convenient for has avoided the influence of natural climate environment, and the matrix of growing seedlings is loose, and the gas permeability is good, can promote root growth, and adopts seedling tray (alms bowl) to grow seedlings and be convenient for carry, but the matrix cuttage is grown seedlings and has following problem: the growth space of the plant root system in the seedling tray (pot) is limited, and the phenomena of mutual winding and root nesting of the root system are easy to occur; the substrate has good air permeability, pathogenic bacteria are easy to propagate, and the substrate needs to be sterilized at high temperature before cuttage so as to prevent seedlings from being infected by the pathogenic bacteria; the matrix has poor water and fertilizer holding capacity, and the fertilizer and nutrients are easy to lose after watering, so that the watering amount is not too large each time, the matrix needs to be kept moist in the seedling stage, the watering is required to be carried out frequently in management, and the workload is large.
Tissue culture and breeding: selecting meristem at the top of the strong strawberry stolon, namely shoot tips, inducing buds by adopting a tissue culture technology, and then breeding seedlings by carrying out propagation culture on the buds. Although the breeding of the strawberry virus-free seedlings can be realized by utilizing the tissue culture technology, the breeding method has strict requirements on operating environment conditions, needs a professional tissue culture room, has complex production flow, great technical difficulty, long time consumption and high production cost, and is not easy to popularize.
Therefore, the search of the strawberry seedling breeding method which is easy to operate, low in cost and high in efficiency is of great significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of high seedling breeding cost, unstable seedling quality and low efficiency in the existing strawberry production and provides a production method for seedling cultivation and celery rotation of northern strawberries.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme: the production method of northern strawberry seedling cultivation and celery rotation comprises the following steps:
1) culturing a strawberry mother plant;
2) obtaining stolon seedlings and preparing celery germination accelerating and seedling raising:
(1) obtaining stolon seedlings:
after the strawberry stolons are extracted, the strawberry stolons can sprout upwards at even-numbered nodes to form seedlings, when aerial roots of the stolons are 0.2-0.5 cm in length, the seedlings are cut off from the stolons, and 50% carbendazim 500-fold liquid is used for disinfection at the cuts of the seedlings to prepare for aerial fog cultivation;
(2) accelerating germination and seedling culture of celery:
when the stolons of the strawberry mother plant are extracted, celery seedling culture work is started:
a. selecting celery seeds with strong cold resistance for carrying out seed invasion and germination acceleration, soaking the celery seeds in cold water for 24 hours to ensure that the celery seeds fully absorb water, then rubbing and elutriating for 2 times, disinfecting the seeds by using a potassium permanganate solution with the concentration of 0.2 percent for 20 minutes, washing the seeds by using clean water, wrapping the seeds by using a breathable gauze, covering the seeds by using a wet towel, carrying out germination acceleration at the temperature of 16-20 ℃, turning the seeds for 1 time every day during the germination acceleration, elutriating for 1 time every 2 days by using clean water, and sowing when 60-70 percent of the seeds are exposed to the white;
b. sowing:
sowing by adopting a wet sowing method, firstly watering enough bottom water in a seedling bed before sowing, mixing a small amount of fine soil into the seeds which accelerate germination after the water seeps, uniformly sowing the seeds in the seedling bed, and covering the seeds with soil of 0.4-0.6 cm after sowing;
c. seedling stage management:
before seedling emergence, keeping the temperature of 20-25 ℃ in the daytime, keeping the temperature of 18-23 ℃ in the daytime and 10-16 ℃ at night after seedlings are grown, watering small water during seedling culture, keeping soil moist, and carrying out primary thinning after first leaves of the seedlings are unfolded, wherein the seedling distance is 1-1.5 cm; thinning the seedlings for the 2 nd time when 3 main leaves are unfolded, preferably, the distance between every two seedlings is 2-3 cm, and watering small water for filling seams after every thinning;
3) cultivating strong strawberry seedlings:
(1) cultivating the stolon seedlings cut in the step of obtaining the stolon seedlings by using an aerial fog cultivation method;
a) preparing fog culture nutrient solution;
the fog culture nutrient solution formula adopted by strawberry seedling cultivation is 120mg/L of ammonium nitrate, 506mg/L of potassium nitrate, 136mg/L of monopotassium phosphate, 236mg/L of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, 492mg/L of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 11.2mg/L of manganese sulfate tetrahydrate, 6.88mg/L of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 2.28mg/L of boric acid, 0.83mg/L of potassium iodide, 0.25mg/L of sodium molybdate dihydrate, 0.025mg/L of copper sulfate pentahydrate, 0.025mg of cobalt chloride hexahydrate and 20mg/L of disodium iron ethylenediamine tetraacetate;
b) the equipment adopted in the aeroponic method is as follows:
a. the aeroponic culture device adopted in the aeroponic culture method mainly comprises a liquid storage tank (1), a liquid supply pump (2), an adjusting valve (3), a filter (4), a pipeline type sterilizer (5), a main pipeline (6), a liquid supply pipeline connecting piece (7), a liquid supply pipeline (8), an atomizing spray head (9), a liquid return pipeline (10) and an aeroponic culture box;
b. the aeroponic box consists of a culture tank (11) and a culture plate (12), namely, the culture plate (12) is the upper cover of the aeroponic box;
the spraying intermittence time of the nutrient solution is controlled by a time relay, the nutrient solution is sterilized by adopting a pipeline type UVC ultraviolet sterilizer, and impurities are filtered by using a laminated filter;
(2) planting and managing stolon seedlings:
planting stolon seedlings:
a) wrapping the root and stem base of stolon seedlings by using small sponge blocks, and then plugging the small sponge blocks into planting holes (13) of a planting plate (12), wherein 1 plant is planted in each hole, the plant spacing is 6-8 cm, and the row spacing is 8-10 cm;
b) the concentration of the fog culture nutrient solution at the 1 st week after the planting of the stolon seedlings is 1/4 times of the standard concentration of the fog culture nutrient solution formula, and the liquid supply time is 20s of spraying every 3 min; increasing the concentration of the aeroponic culture nutrient solution to 1/2 time of the standard concentration of the aeroponic culture nutrient solution formula in week 2, and spraying for 20s every 5 min; increasing the concentration of the fog culture nutrient solution to the standard concentration of the fog culture nutrient solution formula after 3 weeks, forming more plant roots after 3 weeks, enhancing the water holding capacity of the roots, and spraying for 20s every 10min for liquid supply time; in the aeroponic culture process, the temperature is kept at 22-28 ℃ in the daytime and 10-18 ℃ at night;
4) harvesting strawberry seedlings and planting celery;
(1) when the strawberry stolon seedlings grow to be more than three leaves and more than 10 new roots on the aeroponics box, harvesting the strawberry stolon seedlings;
(2) celery planting and managing:
a) after the strawberry seedlings are harvested from the aeroponic box, celery field planting is carried out when the aeroponic box is empty, the plant spacing is 15-20 cm, the row spacing is 25-30 cm, and the planting plate (12) is replaced according to the needs of the plant spacing and the row spacing;
b) the nutrient solution formula adopted by celery aeroponics is 80mg/L of ammonium nitrate, 303mg/L of potassium nitrate, 100mg/L of monopotassium phosphate, 354mg/L of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, 174mg/L of potassium sulfate, 246mg/L of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 11.2mg/L of manganese sulfate tetrahydrate, 6.88mg/L of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 2.28mg/L of boric acid, 0.83mg/L of potassium iodide, 0.25mg/L of sodium molybdate dihydrate, 0.025mg/L of copper sulfate pentahydrate, 0.025mg of cobalt chloride hexahydrate and 20mg/L of disodium iron ethylenediaminetetraacetate;
c) the concentration of the fog culture nutrient solution in the first 2 weeks after planting is 1/3 times of the standard concentration of the celery fog culture nutrient solution formula, and the liquid supply time is 20s of spraying every 4 min; increasing the concentration of the nutrient solution to 1/2 times of the standard concentration in week 3, and spraying for 20s every 6 min; increasing the concentration of the nutrient solution to the standard concentration after the 4 th week, and spraying for 20s every 12 min; in the aeroponic culture process, the temperature is kept at 16-20 ℃ in the daytime and 10-15 ℃ at night;
5) and (3) strawberry greenhouse cultivation:
(1) harvesting strawberry seedlings, cultivating in a greenhouse for a fixed planting time from 8 months end to 9 months beginning, removing residual plants before fixed planting, and combining soil preparation every 667m2Applying turf and decomposed farmyard manure into soil, wherein each length of the farmyard manure is 3m3Deep ploughing and ridging, wherein the width under the ridge is 80cm, the width on the ridge is 60cm, and the height of a ridge platform is 25 cm; after soil preparation, the greenhouse is sealed at high temperature for 20-25 days and aired;
(2) strawberry field planting:
a. single-ridge double-row seedling planting, wherein the row spacing is 20cm, the row spacing is 25cm, drip irrigation is carried out under a film, and NPK balance fertilizer is applied once on the 20 th day after planting, wherein the average amount of each plant is 6 g;
b. after the strawberry plants enter the early flowering phase, introducing bees into a greenhouse, and simultaneously paying attention to cold protection and heat preservation, wherein the temperature in the daytime is controlled to be 23-28 ℃, and the temperature at night is controlled to be 10-18 ℃;
c. spraying amino acid foliar fertilizer and boron fertilizer once in the flowering phase to improve the fruit setting rate and the fruit quality, irrigating for 1 time every 7 days in the fruiting phase, and topdressing the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer for 1 time every 1 time of clear water, wherein the topdressing of the compound fertilizer for 12kg per mu each time;
d. because the field planting time of the strawberries in the greenhouse is from 8 months end to 9 months beginning, the crops of melons and watermelons can be planted in the greenhouse in the first crop according to the market conditions, and the production benefit is improved;
6) and (6) harvesting.
The steps of the strawberry mother plant culture in the technical scheme are as follows:
1) preparing a culture medium of a strawberry mother plant:
mixing 3 substrates of turf, vermiculite and coconut husk according to a volume ratio of 2:1:1, spraying the substrate with a liquid with the concentration of 800 times, uniformly stirring, covering a film, sealing the periphery, sterilizing and disinfecting, and uncovering the film after 7 days;
2) selecting a healthy strawberry plant without virus as a stock plant in the last ten days of 4 months, and planting the plant in a culture medium of the stock plant, wherein the relative humidity of the medium is controlled to be 55-70%, and the temperature is controlled to be 20-28 ℃ in the daytime;
3) and (3) after the seedlings of the parent plants are slowed down, additionally applying the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium balance fertilizer for 1 time at intervals of 15 days according to the growth vigor of the plants, wherein the application amount of each time is 6-8 g on average per plant.
The harvesting in the technical scheme is as follows:
the production method is carried out according to the production method of strawberry seedling cultivation and celery rotation in the northern area, fresh strawberries are harvested and listed from the New year's day to the spring festival, and the celery is harvested in time before and after the New year's day according to market demands.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the strawberry seedling cultivation and celery rotation production method in the northern area is realized by adopting an aeroponics method, namely, after the strawberry stolons are extracted, stolons which grow out of aerial roots are selected and planted on a cultivation plate, and then nutrient solution is intermittently sprayed to the root system parts of plants in a vaporific form to provide nutrients and water, promote the root system development and growth of the stolons and cultivate seedlings. The root of the plant is hung in the incubator, the plant is not in contact with soil, the cultivation environment is clean, the plant diseases and insect pests and continuous cropping obstacles spread by the soil can be avoided, the requirement of the root system on oxygen can be fully met, the growth environment of the plant is improved, the seedling grows fast, the seedling is robust, the root system is developed, and the seedling is easy to survive after being transplanted. In addition, in the strawberry seedling breeding process, nutrient solution is supplied through a liquid supply pump, so that the labor intensity is low, the large-scale production is facilitated, and the application prospect is wide.
2. The efficient production method of strawberry seedling breeding and celery rotation provided by the invention has the advantages that the efficiency is mainly as follows:
1) by providing the aerosol culture nutrient solution with a proper formula for the strawberry stolon seedlings, the growth of the strawberry stolon seedlings is promoted, strong and high-quality strawberry seedlings can be bred, and the field yield and the fruit quality of the strawberries are improved;
2) the method combines the strawberry seedling breeding and celery rotation, and has the advantages of reasonable crop rotation arrangement, high reseeding index and improved production benefit. As the strawberries in northern areas are usually subjected to field planting from the end of 8 months to the beginning of 9 months, namely strawberry seedlings need to be cultivated before and after 9 months for field production. When strawberry seedlings are harvested from the aeroponic facility, namely the aeroponic production facility is idle, and the temperature of the northern area begins to drop in the period, the difficulty of the aeroponic facility in reproduction is large; the method combines the biological characteristics of celery, selects celery with strong cold resistance as succeeding crop for crop rotation, and starts to prepare the germination accelerating and seedling raising work of the celery about 50 days before the strawberry seedling is harvested, and can immediately fix the celery after the strawberry seedling is harvested from the aeroponic culture facility, namely when the aeroponic culture production facility is vacant, thereby shortening the intermittent time between the preceding crop and the succeeding crop.
Drawings
The invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the flow of the production method of strawberry seedling cultivation and celery rotation in northern areas according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a head system for supplying nutrient solution in an aeroponic device used in the production method of strawberry seedling cultivation and celery rotation in northern areas;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structural composition of an aeroponic box used in the production method of strawberry seedling cultivation and celery rotation in northern areas;
in the figure: 1. the device comprises a liquid storage pool, 2 a liquid supply pump, 3 an adjusting valve, 4 a filter, 5 a pipeline type sterilizer, 6 a main pipeline, 7 a liquid supply pipeline connecting piece (hose), 8 a liquid supply pipeline, 9 an atomizing spray head, 10 a liquid return pipeline, 11 a culture tank, 12 a culture plate, 13 a planting hole and 14 a plant.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures:
the production method of strawberry seedling cultivation and celery rotation in northern areas is carried out in a greenhouse.
Referring to fig. 1, the production method of strawberry seedling cultivation and celery rotation in northern areas of the invention comprises the following steps:
1. culture of mother strawberry plant
1) Preparing a culture medium of a strawberry mother plant:
mixing 3 substrates of turf, vermiculite and coconut husk according to a volume ratio of 2:1:1, spraying the substrate with a liquid with the concentration of 800 times, uniformly stirring, covering a film, sealing the periphery, sterilizing and disinfecting, and uncovering the film after 7 days;
2) selecting a healthy strawberry plant without virus as a stock plant in the last ten days of 4 months, and planting the plant in a culture medium of the stock plant, wherein the relative humidity of the medium is controlled to be 55-70%, and the temperature is controlled to be 20-28 ℃ in the daytime;
3) and (3) after the seedlings of the parent plants are slowed down, additionally applying the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium balance fertilizer for 1 time at intervals of 15 days according to the growth vigor of the plants, wherein the application amount of each time is 6-8 g on average per plant.
2. Obtaining stolon seedlings and preparing celery for germination accelerating and seedling raising
1) Obtaining stolon seedlings:
after the strawberry stolons are extracted, the strawberry stolons can sprout upwards at even-numbered nodes to form seedlings, when aerial roots of the stolons are 0.2-0.5 cm in length, the seedlings are cut off from the stolons, and 50% carbendazim 500-fold liquid is used for disinfection at the cuts of the seedlings to prepare for aerial fog cultivation;
2) accelerating germination and seedling culture of celery:
when the stolons of the strawberry mother plant are extracted, celery seedling culture work is started:
(1) selecting celery seeds with strong cold resistance for carrying out seed invasion and germination acceleration, soaking the celery seeds in cold water for 24 hours to ensure that the celery seeds fully absorb water, then rubbing and elutriating for 2 times, disinfecting the seeds by using a potassium permanganate solution with the concentration of 0.2 percent for 20 minutes, washing the seeds by using clean water, wrapping the seeds by using a breathable gauze, covering the seeds by using a wet towel, carrying out germination acceleration at the temperature of 16-20 ℃, turning the seeds for 1 time every day during the germination acceleration, elutriating for 1 time every 2 days by using clean water, and sowing when more than half of the seeds are exposed to the white;
(2) sowing:
sowing by adopting a wet sowing method, firstly watering enough bottom water in a seedling bed before sowing, mixing a small amount of fine soil into the seeds which accelerate germination after the water seeps, uniformly sowing the seeds in the seedling bed, and covering the seeds with soil of 0.4-0.6 cm after sowing;
(3) seedling stage management:
before seedling emergence, keeping the temperature of 20-25 ℃ in the daytime, keeping the temperature of 18-23 ℃ in the daytime and 10-16 ℃ at night after seedlings are grown, watering small water during seedling culture, keeping soil moist, and carrying out primary thinning after first leaves of the seedlings are unfolded, wherein the seedling distance is 1-1.5 cm; thinning the seedlings for the 2 nd time when 3 main leaves are unfolded, preferably, the distance between every two seedlings is 2-3 cm, and watering small water for filling seams after every thinning;
3. cultivating strong strawberry seedlings
1) Cultivating the stolon seedlings cut in the step of obtaining the stolon seedlings by using an aeroponics method; the adopted aeroponic culture nutrient solution formula and the aeroponic culture equipment are as follows:
(1) preparing fog culture nutrient solution;
the fog culture nutrient solution formula adopted by strawberry seedling cultivation is 120mg/L of ammonium nitrate, 506mg/L of potassium nitrate, 136mg/L of monopotassium phosphate, 236mg/L of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, 492mg/L of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 11.2mg/L of manganese sulfate tetrahydrate, 6.88mg/L of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 2.28mg/L of boric acid, 0.83mg/L of potassium iodide, 0.25mg/L of sodium molybdate dihydrate, 0.025mg/L of copper sulfate pentahydrate, 0.025mg of cobalt chloride hexahydrate and 20mg/L of disodium iron ethylenediamine tetraacetate;
(2) equipment used in the aeroponic method;
a. referring to fig. 2, the aeroponic cultivation device adopted in the aeroponic cultivation method mainly comprises a liquid storage tank 1, a liquid supply pump 2, an adjusting valve 3, a filter 4, a pipeline type sterilizer 5, a main pipeline 6, a liquid supply pipeline connecting piece 7, a liquid supply pipeline 8, an atomizing nozzle 9, a liquid return pipeline 10 and an aeroponic cultivation box;
b. referring to fig. 3, the aeroponic box is composed of a culture tank 11 and a culture plate 12, i.e. the culture plate 12 is the upper cover of the aeroponic box.
The order of installation of the components in the aeroponic apparatus is shown in figure 2. The intermittence time of the nutrient solution spraying is controlled by a time relay (model: DH48S-S), the nutrient solution is sterilized by a pipeline type UVC ultraviolet sterilizer, and impurities are filtered by a laminated filter.
2) Planting and managing stolon seedlings:
planting stolon seedlings:
(1) wrapping the base of the stolon seedling with a small sponge block, and then plugging the base into planting holes 13 of a planting plate 12, wherein 1 plant is planted in each hole, the plant spacing is 6-8 cm, and the row spacing is 8-10 cm;
(2) the concentration of the fog culture nutrient solution at the 1 st week after the planting of the stolon seedlings is 1/4 times of the standard concentration of the fog culture nutrient solution formula, and the liquid supply time is 20s of spraying every 3 min; increasing the concentration of the aeroponic culture nutrient solution to 1/2 times of the standard concentration of the nutrient solution formula in week 2, and spraying for 20s every 5 min; increasing the concentration of the fog culture nutrient solution to the standard concentration of the nutrient solution formula after 3 weeks, forming more plant roots after 3 weeks, enhancing the water holding capacity of the roots, and spraying for 20s every 10min for liquid supply; in the aeroponic culture process, the temperature is kept at 22-28 ℃ in the daytime and 10-18 ℃ at night;
4. strawberry seedling harvesting and celery planting management
1) When the strawberry stolon seedlings grow to more than three leaves and one heart and the number of new roots exceeds 10 on the aeroponic box, the strawberry stolon seedlings can be harvested as the seedlings for strawberry production;
2) celery planting and managing:
(1) after the strawberry seedlings are harvested from the aeroponic box, namely when the aeroponic box is empty, celery field planting is carried out, the plant spacing is 15-20 cm, and the row spacing is 25-30 cm (the planting plate can be replaced according to the needs of the plant spacing and the row spacing);
(2) the nutrient solution formula adopted by celery aeroponics is 80mg/L of ammonium nitrate, 303mg/L of potassium nitrate, 100mg/L of monopotassium phosphate, 354mg/L of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, 174mg/L of potassium sulfate, 246mg/L of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 11.2mg/L of manganese sulfate tetrahydrate, 6.88mg/L of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 2.28mg/L of boric acid, 0.83mg/L of potassium iodide, 0.25mg/L of sodium molybdate dihydrate, 0.025mg/L of copper sulfate pentahydrate, 0.025mg of cobalt chloride hexahydrate and 20mg/L of disodium iron ethylenediaminetetraacetate;
(3) the concentration of the fog culture nutrient solution in the first 2 weeks after planting is 1/3 times of the standard concentration of the celery fog culture nutrient solution formula, and the liquid supply time is 20s of spraying every 4 min; increasing the concentration of the nutrient solution to 1/2 times of the standard concentration in week 3, and spraying for 20s every 6 min; increasing the concentration of the nutrient solution to the standard concentration after the 4 th week, and spraying for 20s every 12 min; in the aeroponic culture process, the temperature is kept at 16-20 ℃ in the daytime and 10-15 ℃ at night;
5. strawberry greenhouse cultivation
1) Harvesting strawberry seedlings, cultivating in a greenhouse for a fixed planting time from 8 months end to 9 months beginning, removing residual plants before fixed planting, and combining soil preparation every 667m2Applying turf and decomposed farmyard manure into soil, wherein each length of the farmyard manure is 3m3Deep ploughing and ridging, wherein the width under the ridge is 80cm, the width on the ridge is 60cm, and the height of a ridge platform is 25 cm; after soil preparation, the greenhouse is sealed at high temperature for 20-25 days and aired;
2) strawberry field planting:
(1) single-ridge double-row seedling planting, wherein the row spacing is 20cm, the row spacing is 25cm, drip irrigation is carried out under a film, and NPK balance fertilizer is applied once on the 20 th day after planting, wherein the average amount of each plant is 6 g;
(2) after the strawberry plants enter the early flowering phase, introducing bees into a greenhouse, and simultaneously paying attention to cold protection and heat preservation, wherein the temperature in the daytime is controlled to be 23-28 ℃, and the temperature at night is controlled to be 10-18 ℃;
(3) spraying amino acid foliar fertilizer and boron fertilizer once in the flowering phase to improve the fruit setting rate and the fruit quality, irrigating for 1 time every 7 days in the fruiting phase, and topdressing the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer for 1 time every 1 time of clear water, wherein the topdressing of the compound fertilizer for 12kg per mu each time;
(4) as the field planting time of the strawberries in the greenhouse is from 8 months end to 9 months beginning, the crops such as melons, watermelons and the like can be planted in the greenhouse in the first crop according to the market conditions, and the production benefit is improved.
6. Harvesting
According to the efficient production method for strawberry seedling cultivation and celery rotation, fresh strawberry fruits can be harvested and listed from the New year's day to the spring festival, and celery can be harvested in time before and after the New year's day according to market demands.
Example 1:
1. culture of mother strawberry plant
1) Preparing a culture medium of a strawberry mother plant: mixing 3 substrates of turf, vermiculite and coconut husk according to a volume ratio of 2:1:1, spraying the substrate with a liquid with the concentration of 800 times, uniformly stirring, covering a film, sealing the periphery, sterilizing and disinfecting, and uncovering the film after 7 days;
2) selecting a virus-free robust strawberry plant as a stock plant at 3 days in 4 months, and planting the virus-free robust strawberry plant in a stock plant culture medium, wherein the variety is red, the relative humidity of the medium is controlled to be 55-70%, and the temperature is controlled to be 20-28 ℃ in the daytime;
3) after the seedlings of the parent plants are slowed down, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium balance fertilizers are applied for 1 time at intervals of 15 days according to the growth vigor of the plants, and the application amount of each time is 6g on average per plant.
2. Obtaining stolon seedlings and preparing celery for germination accelerating and seedling raising
1) Obtaining stolon seedlings:
after the strawberry stolons are extracted, the strawberry stolons can sprout upwards at even-numbered nodes to form seedlings, when aerial roots of the stolons are 0.2-0.5 cm in length, the seedlings are cut off from the stolons, and 50% carbendazim 500-fold liquid is used for disinfection at the cuts of the seedlings to prepare for aerial fog cultivation;
2) accelerating germination and seedling culture of celery:
when the stolons of the strawberry mother plant are extracted, celery seedling culture work is started:
(1) selecting celery seeds with strong cold resistance for carrying out seed invasion and germination acceleration, soaking the celery seeds in cold water for 24 hours to ensure that the celery seeds fully absorb water, then rubbing and elutriating for 2 times, disinfecting the seeds by using a potassium permanganate solution with the concentration of 0.2 percent for 20 minutes, washing the seeds by clean water, wrapping the seeds by using a breathable gauze, covering the seeds by using a wet towel, and carrying out germination acceleration at the temperature of 16 ℃; during the germination accelerating period, turning over the seeds for 1 time every day, elutriating the seeds for 1 time every 2 days by using clear water, and sowing the seeds when the number of the exposed seeds is more than half;
(2) sowing:
sowing by adopting a wet sowing method, firstly watering enough bottom water in a seedling bed before sowing, mixing a small amount of fine soil into the seeds which accelerate germination after the water seeps, uniformly sowing the seeds in the seedling bed, and covering the seeds with soil of 0.4-0.6 cm after sowing;
(3) seedling stage management:
before emergence of seedlings, the temperature is kept at 20-25 ℃ in the daytime, and after the seedlings are aligned, the temperature is kept at 18-23 ℃ in the daytime and 10-16 ℃ at night. During the seedling raising period, small amount of water is poured to keep the soil moist. (ii) a After a first true leaf of the seedling is unfolded, primary thinning is carried out, and the distance between seedlings is 1-1.5 cm; thinning the seedlings for the 2 nd time when 3 true leaves are available, wherein the seedling distance is preferably 2-3 cm, and small water is poured to fill seams after each thinning.
3. Cultivating strong strawberry seedlings:
1) cultivating the stolon seedlings cut in the step of obtaining the stolon seedlings by using an aeroponics method; the adopted aeroponic culture nutrient solution formula and the aeroponic culture equipment are as follows:
(1) the formula of the aeroponic culture nutrient solution comprises the following components:
the fog culture nutrient solution formula adopted by strawberry seedling cultivation is 120mg/L of ammonium nitrate, 506mg/L of potassium nitrate, 136mg/L of monopotassium phosphate, 236mg/L of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, 492mg/L of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 11.2mg/L of manganese sulfate tetrahydrate, 6.88mg/L of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 2.28mg/L of boric acid, 0.83mg/L of potassium iodide, 0.25mg/L of sodium molybdate dihydrate, 0.025mg/L of copper sulfate pentahydrate, 0.025mg of cobalt chloride hexahydrate and 20mg/L of disodium iron ethylenediamine tetraacetate;
(2) the equipment adopted in the aeroponic method is as follows:
the aeroponic culture device adopted in the aeroponic culture method mainly comprises a liquid storage tank 1, a liquid supply pump 2, an adjusting valve 3, a filter 4, a pipeline type sterilizer 5, a main pipeline 6, a liquid supply pipeline connecting piece 7, a liquid supply pipeline 8, an atomizing spray head 9, a liquid return pipeline 10 and an aeroponic culture box;
the aeroponics box is composed of a culture tank 11 and a culture plate 12, namely the culture plate 12 is the upper cover of the aeroponics box.
The order of installation of the components in the aeroponic apparatus is shown in figure 2. The intermittence time of the nutrient solution spraying is controlled by a time relay (model: DH48S-S), the nutrient solution is sterilized by a pipeline type UVC ultraviolet sterilizer, and impurities are filtered by a laminated filter.
2) Planting and managing stolon seedlings:
planting stolon seedlings: wrapping the base of the stolon seedling with a small sponge block, and then plugging into planting holes, wherein 1 plant is planted in each hole, the plant spacing is 6cm, and the row spacing is 8 cm. The concentration of the fog culture nutrient solution at the 1 st week after the planting of the stolon seedlings is 1/4 times of the standard concentration of the nutrient solution formula, and the liquid supply time is 20s of spraying every 3 min; increasing the concentration of the aeroponic culture nutrient solution to 1/2 times of the standard concentration of the nutrient solution formula in week 2, and spraying for 20s every 5 min; after 3 weeks, the concentration of the fog culture nutrient solution is increased to the standard concentration of the nutrient solution formula, after 3 weeks, more plant roots are formed, the water holding capacity of the roots is enhanced, and the liquid supply time is set as 20s of spraying every 10 min. In the aeroponic culture process, the temperature is kept at 22-28 ℃ in the daytime and 10-18 ℃ at night.
4. Strawberry seedling harvesting and celery field planting
1) And (4) harvesting robust seedlings (with four leaves, one core and 10-14 new roots) on the aeroponic box in 23 days after 8 months, and using the seedlings as seedlings for greenhouse cultivation.
2) Celery planting and managing:
(1) and when the strawberry seedlings are harvested from the aeroponic box, namely the aeroponic box is empty, cleaning the aeroponic box, carrying out field planting on the celery, and carrying out field planting on the celery by adopting a planting plate 12 with the plant spacing of 15cm and the row spacing of 30 cm.
(2) The nutrient solution formula adopted by celery aeroponics is 80mg/L of ammonium nitrate, 303mg/L of potassium nitrate, 100mg/L of monopotassium phosphate, 354mg/L of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, 174mg/L of potassium sulfate, 246mg/L of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 11.2mg/L of manganese sulfate tetrahydrate, 6.88mg/L of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 2.28mg/L of boric acid, 0.83mg/L of potassium iodide, 0.25mg/L of sodium molybdate dihydrate, 0.025mg/L of copper sulfate pentahydrate, 0.025mg of cobalt chloride hexahydrate and 20mg/L of disodium iron ethylenediaminetetraacetate.
(3) The concentration of the fog culture nutrient solution in the first 2 weeks after planting is 1/3 times of the standard concentration of the celery fog culture nutrient solution formula, and the liquid supply time is 20s of spraying every 4 min; increasing the concentration of the nutrient solution to 1/2 times of the standard concentration in week 3, and spraying for 20s every 6 min; from the increase in the nutrient solution concentration to the standard concentration after week 4, the solution was supplied for 20s at 12min intervals. In the aeroponic culture process, the temperature is kept at 16-20 ℃ in the daytime and 10-15 ℃ at night.
5. Strawberry greenhouse cultivation
1) Harvesting strawberry seedling, culturing in greenhouse, wherein the crop of the previous crop in the greenhouse is watermelon, the seedling pulling time of the watermelon is 7 months and 18 days, removing residual plant after seedling pulling, combining soil preparation, and each 667m2Applying turf and decomposed farmyard manure into soil, wherein each length of the farmyard manure is 3m3Deep ploughing and ridging, wherein the width under the ridge is 80cm, the width on the ridge is 60cm, and the height of a ridge platform is 25 cm. After soil preparation, the greenhouse is sealed at high temperature for 20 days and aired.
2) The field planting time of the strawberries is 8 months and 23 days, single-ridge double-row seedlings are planted, the plant spacing is 20cm, the row spacing is 25cm, and under-film drip irrigation is adopted for irrigation; and (3) applying nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium balance fertilizer once on the 20 th day after field planting, wherein the average amount of each plant is 6 g. After the strawberry plants enter the early flowering phase, bees are introduced into a greenhouse, and the greenhouse is paid attention to cold protection and heat preservation, wherein the temperature in the daytime is controlled to be 23-28 ℃, and the temperature at night is controlled to be 10-18 ℃. Spraying amino acid foliar fertilizer and boron fertilizer once in the flowering phase to improve fruit setting rate and fruit quality. In the fruiting period, irrigating 1 time every 7 days, and topdressing 1 time every 1 time of clear water with 12kg of compound fertilizer per mu.
6. Harvesting
The strawberry fruits in the greenhouse are ripe successively in the last 12 months, and the fruits are harvested and put on the market. And (4) harvesting celery in 1 month last ten days according to the market price.
Example 2:
1. culturing a strawberry mother plant:
1) preparing a culture medium of a strawberry mother plant: mixing 3 substrates of turf, vermiculite and coconut husk according to a volume ratio of 2:1:1, spraying the substrate with 800 times of liquid of Miao bacterium enemy, uniformly stirring, covering a film, sealing the periphery, sterilizing and disinfecting, and uncovering the film after 7 days.
2) Selecting a virus-free robust strawberry plant as a stock plant in 4 months and 8 days, planting the strong strawberry plant in a culture medium of the stock plant, wherein the variety is fortunate, the relative humidity of the medium is controlled to be 55-70%, and the temperature is controlled to be 20-28 ℃ in the daytime.
3) After the seedlings of the parent plants are slowed down, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium balance fertilizers are applied for 1 time at intervals of 15 days according to the growth vigor of the plants, and the application amount of each time is 8g on average per plant.
2. Obtaining stolon seedlings and preparing celery germination accelerating and seedling raising:
1) obtaining stolon seedlings:
after the strawberry stolons are extracted, the strawberry stolons can sprout upwards at even-numbered nodes and form seedlings, when the aerial root length of the stolons seedlings is 0.2-0.5 cm, the seedlings are cut off from the stolons, and the cut parts of the seedlings are disinfected by 500 times of 50% carbendazim solution to prepare for aerial fog cultivation.
2) Accelerating germination and seedling culture of celery:
when the stolons of the strawberry mother plant are extracted, celery seedling culture work is started:
(1) selecting celery seeds with strong cold resistance for seed soaking and germination acceleration, soaking the celery seeds in cold water for 24 hours to ensure that the celery seeds fully absorb water, and then kneading and elutriating for 2 times. Disinfecting the seeds with 0.2% potassium permanganate solution for 20 minutes, washing with clear water, wrapping with breathable gauze, covering with wet towel, and accelerating germination at 20 deg.C. During the germination accelerating period, turning over the seeds for 1 time every day, elutriating the seeds for 1 time every 2 days by using clear water, and sowing the seeds when the number of the exposed seeds is more than half;
(2) sowing:
sowing by adopting a wet sowing method, firstly watering enough bottom water in a seedling bed before sowing, mixing a small amount of fine soil into the seeds which accelerate germination after the water seeps, uniformly sowing the seeds in the seedling bed, and covering the seeds with soil of 0.4-0.6 cm after sowing;
(3) seedling stage management:
before emergence of seedlings, the temperature is kept at 20-25 ℃ in the daytime, and after the seedlings are aligned, the temperature is kept at 18-23 ℃ in the daytime and 10-16 ℃ at night. During the seedling raising period, small amount of water is poured to keep the soil moist. After a first true leaf of the seedling is unfolded, primary thinning is carried out, and the distance between seedlings is 1-1.5 cm; thinning the seedlings for the 2 nd time when 3 true leaves are available, wherein the seedling distance is preferably 2-3 cm, and small water is poured to fill seams after each thinning.
3. Cultivating strong strawberry seedlings:
1) cultivating the stolon seedlings cut in the step of obtaining the stolon seedlings by using an aeroponics method; the adopted aeroponic culture nutrient solution formula and the aeroponic culture equipment are as follows:
(1) the formula of the fog culture nutrient solution;
the fog culture nutrient solution formula adopted by strawberry seedling cultivation is 120mg/L of ammonium nitrate, 506mg/L of potassium nitrate, 136mg/L of monopotassium phosphate, 236mg/L of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, 492mg/L of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 11.2mg/L of manganese sulfate tetrahydrate, 6.88mg/L of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 2.28mg/L of boric acid, 0.83mg/L of potassium iodide, 0.25mg/L of sodium molybdate dihydrate, 0.025mg/L of copper sulfate pentahydrate, 0.025mg of cobalt chloride hexahydrate and 20mg/L of disodium iron ethylenediamine tetraacetate;
(2) equipment used in the aeroponic method;
the aeroponic culture device adopted in the aeroponic culture method mainly comprises a liquid storage tank 1, a liquid supply pump 2, an adjusting valve 3, a filter 4, a pipeline type sterilizer 5, a main pipeline 6, a liquid supply pipeline connecting piece 7, a liquid supply pipeline 8, an atomizing spray head 9, a liquid return pipeline 10 and an aeroponic culture box;
the aeroponics box is composed of a culture tank 11 and a culture plate 12, namely the culture plate 12 is the upper cover of the aeroponics box.
The order of installation of the components in the aeroponic apparatus is shown in figure 2. The intermittence time of the nutrient solution spraying is controlled by a time relay (model: DH48S-S), the nutrient solution is sterilized by a pipeline type UVC ultraviolet sterilizer, and impurities are filtered by a laminated filter.
2) Planting and managing stolon seedlings:
planting stolon seedlings:
(1) wrapping the base of the stolon seedling with a small sponge block, and then plugging the base into planting holes 13 of a planting plate 12, wherein 1 plant is planted in each hole, the plant spacing is 8cm, and the row spacing is 10 cm.
(2) The concentration of the fog culture nutrient solution at the 1 st week after the planting of the stolon seedlings is 1/4 times of the standard concentration of the fog culture nutrient solution formula, and the liquid supply time is 20s of spraying every 3 min; increasing the concentration of the aeroponic culture nutrient solution to 1/2 time of the standard concentration of the aeroponic culture nutrient solution formula in week 2, and spraying for 20s every 5 min; and increasing the concentration of the fog culture nutrient solution to the standard concentration of the fog culture nutrient solution formula after 3 weeks, wherein after 3 weeks, more plant roots are formed, the water holding capacity of the roots is enhanced, and the liquid supply time is set to be 20s of spraying every 10 min. In the aeroponic culture process, the temperature is kept at 22-28 ℃ in the daytime and 10-18 ℃ at night.
4. Strawberry seedling harvesting and celery field planting
1) And (4) harvesting robust seedlings (with four leaves, one core and 10-15 new roots) on the aeroponic box in 5 days after 9 months, and using the seedlings as seedlings for greenhouse cultivation.
2) Celery planting and managing:
(1) and when the strawberry seedlings are harvested from the aeroponic box, namely the aeroponic box is vacant, cleaning the aeroponic box and carrying out field planting on the celery, wherein the field planting is carried out by adopting a planting plate 12 with the plant spacing of 20cm and the row spacing of 25 cm.
(2) The nutrient solution formula adopted by celery aeroponics is 80mg/L of ammonium nitrate, 303mg/L of potassium nitrate, 100mg/L of monopotassium phosphate, 354mg/L of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, 174mg/L of potassium sulfate, 246mg/L of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 11.2mg/L of manganese sulfate tetrahydrate, 6.88mg/L of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 2.28mg/L of boric acid, 0.83mg/L of potassium iodide, 0.25mg/L of sodium molybdate dihydrate, 0.025mg/L of copper sulfate pentahydrate, 0.025mg of cobalt chloride hexahydrate and 20mg/L of disodium iron ethylenediaminetetraacetate;
(3) the concentration of the fog culture nutrient solution in the first 2 weeks after planting is 1/3 times of the standard concentration of the celery fog culture nutrient solution formula, and the liquid supply time is 20s of spraying every 4 min; increasing the concentration of the nutrient solution to 1/2 times of the standard concentration in week 3, and spraying for 20s every 6 min; from the increase in the nutrient solution concentration to the standard concentration after week 4, the solution was supplied for 20s at 12min intervals. In the aeroponic culture process, the temperature is kept at 16-20 ℃ in the daytime and 10-15 ℃ at night.
5. Strawberry greenhouse cultivation
1) After strawberry seedlings are harvested, the strawberry seedlings are cultivated in a greenhouse, the green house previous crop is the muskmelon, the seedling pulling time of the muskmelon is 7 months and 26 days, the residual plants are removed after the seedling pulling, and the soil preparation is combined, wherein each 667m of the soil is realized2Applying turf and decomposed farmyard manure into soil, wherein each length of the farmyard manure is 3m3Deep ploughing and ridging, wherein the width under the ridge is 80cm, the width on the ridge is 60cm, and the height of a ridge platform is 25 cm; after soil preparation, the greenhouse is sealed at high temperature for 25 days and aired;
2) the field planting time of the strawberries is 9 months and 5 days, single-ridge double-row seedlings are planted, the plant spacing is 20cm, the row spacing is 25cm, and under-film drip irrigation is adopted for irrigation; and (3) applying nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium balance fertilizer once on the 20 th day after field planting, wherein the average amount of each plant is 6 g. After the strawberry plants enter the early flowering phase, bees are introduced into a greenhouse, and the greenhouse is paid attention to cold protection and heat preservation, wherein the temperature in the daytime is controlled to be 23-28 ℃, and the temperature at night is controlled to be 10-18 ℃. Spraying amino acid foliar fertilizer and boron fertilizer once in the flowering phase to improve fruit setting rate and fruit quality. In the fruiting period, irrigating 1 time every 7 days, and topdressing 1 time every 1 time of clear water with 12kg of compound fertilizer per mu.
6. Harvesting
The strawberry fruits in the greenhouse are continuously ripe in 1 month, and the fruits are harvested and put on the market. Celery is harvested in the middle ten days of 1 month.
And (3) comparing test results of different production methods:
after the strawberry seedlings are bred by the method, the strawberry seedlings are cultivated in a greenhouse. Meanwhile, a control test is designed and compared with the cultivation effect of strawberry seedlings obtained by other breeding methods (stem guiding and pressing, matrix cuttage and tissue culture breeding).
Testing indexes are as follows: and respectively testing the total chlorophyll content and the plant root activity in the leaves of the strawberries in the initial flowering period and the fruit expansion period, and carrying out statistics on the yield of different test cells to convert the yield into acre yield. The test results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 comparison of the results of the different production processes
As can be seen from table 1, compared with other cultivation methods (stem guiding and pressing, substrate cuttage, and tissue culture and breeding), the strawberry seedling breeding method provided by the invention has obvious advantages in field production, the total content of chlorophyll and root activity in leaves are high in both the initial flowering stage and the fruit expansion stage, the field yield is also the highest, and the average yield increase is about 10%.
The high-efficiency production method for strawberry seedling breeding and celery rotation in northern areas can be used for cultivating high-quality and strong strawberry seedlings, so that a foundation is laid for improving the field yield of strawberries and the fruit quality.
Claims (3)
1. A production method of strawberry seedling cultivation and celery rotation in northern areas is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) culturing a strawberry mother plant;
2) obtaining stolon seedlings and preparing celery germination accelerating and seedling raising:
(1) obtaining stolon seedlings:
after the strawberry stolons are extracted, the strawberry stolons can sprout upwards at even-numbered nodes to form seedlings, when aerial roots of the stolons are 0.2-0.5 cm in length, the seedlings are cut off from the stolons, and 50% carbendazim 500-fold liquid is used for disinfection at the cuts of the seedlings to prepare for aerial fog cultivation;
(2) accelerating germination and seedling culture of celery:
when the stolons of the strawberry mother plant are extracted, celery seedling culture work is started:
a. selecting celery seeds with strong cold resistance for carrying out seed invasion and germination acceleration, soaking the celery seeds in cold water for 24 hours to ensure that the celery seeds fully absorb water, then rubbing and elutriating for 2 times, disinfecting the seeds by using a potassium permanganate solution with the concentration of 0.2 percent for 20 minutes, washing the seeds by using clean water, wrapping the seeds by using a breathable gauze, covering the seeds by using a wet towel, carrying out germination acceleration at the temperature of 16-20 ℃, turning the seeds for 1 time every day during the germination acceleration, elutriating for 1 time every 2 days by using clean water, and sowing when 60-70 percent of the seeds are exposed to the white;
b. sowing:
sowing by adopting a wet sowing method, firstly watering enough bottom water in a seedling bed before sowing, mixing a small amount of fine soil into the seeds which accelerate germination after the water seeps, uniformly sowing the seeds in the seedling bed, and covering the seeds with soil of 0.4-0.6 cm after sowing;
c. seedling stage management:
before seedling emergence, keeping the temperature of 20-25 ℃ in the daytime, keeping the temperature of 18-23 ℃ in the daytime and 10-16 ℃ at night after seedlings are grown, watering small water during seedling culture, keeping soil moist, and carrying out primary thinning after first leaves of the seedlings are unfolded, wherein the seedling distance is 1-1.5 cm; thinning the seedlings for the 2 nd time when 3 main leaves are unfolded, preferably, the distance between every two seedlings is 2-3 cm, and watering small water for filling seams after every thinning;
3) cultivating strong strawberry seedlings:
(1) cultivating the stolon seedlings cut in the step of obtaining the stolon seedlings by using an aerial fog cultivation method;
a) preparing fog culture nutrient solution;
the fog culture nutrient solution formula adopted by strawberry seedling cultivation is 120mg/L of ammonium nitrate, 506mg/L of potassium nitrate, 136mg/L of monopotassium phosphate, 236mg/L of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, 492mg/L of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 11.2mg/L of manganese sulfate tetrahydrate, 6.88mg/L of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 2.28mg/L of boric acid, 0.83mg/L of potassium iodide, 0.25mg/L of sodium molybdate dihydrate, 0.025mg/L of copper sulfate pentahydrate, 0.025mg of cobalt chloride hexahydrate and 20mg/L of disodium iron ethylenediamine tetraacetate;
b) the equipment adopted in the aeroponic method is as follows:
a. the aeroponic culture device adopted in the aeroponic culture method mainly comprises a liquid storage tank (1), a liquid supply pump (2), an adjusting valve (3), a filter (4), a pipeline type sterilizer (5), a main pipeline (6), a liquid supply pipeline connecting piece (7), a liquid supply pipeline (8), an atomizing spray head (9), a liquid return pipeline (10) and an aeroponic culture box;
b. the aeroponic box consists of a culture tank (11) and a culture plate (12), namely, the culture plate (12) is the upper cover of the aeroponic box;
the spraying intermittence time of the nutrient solution is controlled by a time relay, the nutrient solution is sterilized by adopting a pipeline type UVC ultraviolet sterilizer, and impurities are filtered by using a laminated filter;
(2) planting and managing stolon seedlings:
planting stolon seedlings:
a) wrapping the root and stem base of stolon seedlings by using small sponge blocks, and then plugging the small sponge blocks into planting holes (13) of a planting plate (12), wherein 1 plant is planted in each hole, the plant spacing is 6-8 cm, and the row spacing is 8-10 cm;
b) the concentration of the fog culture nutrient solution at the 1 st week after the planting of the stolon seedlings is 1/4 times of the standard concentration of the fog culture nutrient solution formula, and the liquid supply time is 20s of spraying every 3 min; increasing the concentration of the aeroponic culture nutrient solution to 1/2 time of the standard concentration of the aeroponic culture nutrient solution formula in week 2, and spraying for 20s every 5 min; increasing the concentration of the fog culture nutrient solution to the standard concentration of the fog culture nutrient solution formula after 3 weeks, forming more plant roots after 3 weeks, enhancing the water holding capacity of the roots, and spraying for 20s every 10min for liquid supply time; in the aeroponic culture process, the temperature is kept at 22-28 ℃ in the daytime and 10-18 ℃ at night;
4) harvesting strawberry seedlings and planting celery:
(1) when the strawberry stolon seedlings grow to be more than three leaves and more than 10 new roots on the aeroponics box, harvesting the strawberry stolon seedlings;
(2) celery planting and managing:
a) after the strawberry seedlings are harvested from the aeroponic box, celery field planting is carried out when the aeroponic box is empty, the plant spacing is 15-20 cm, the row spacing is 25-30 cm, and the planting plate (12) is replaced according to the needs of the plant spacing and the row spacing;
b) the nutrient solution formula adopted by celery aeroponics is 80mg/L of ammonium nitrate, 303mg/L of potassium nitrate, 100mg/L of monopotassium phosphate, 354mg/L of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, 174mg/L of potassium sulfate, 246mg/L of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 11.2mg/L of manganese sulfate tetrahydrate, 6.88mg/L of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 2.28mg/L of boric acid, 0.83mg/L of potassium iodide, 0.25mg/L of sodium molybdate dihydrate, 0.025mg/L of copper sulfate pentahydrate, 0.025mg of cobalt chloride hexahydrate and 20mg/L of disodium iron ethylenediaminetetraacetate;
c) the concentration of the fog culture nutrient solution in the first 2 weeks after planting is 1/3 times of the standard concentration of the celery fog culture nutrient solution formula, and the liquid supply time is 20s of spraying every 4 min; increasing the concentration of the nutrient solution to 1/2 times of the standard concentration in week 3, and spraying for 20s every 6 min; increasing the concentration of the nutrient solution to the standard concentration after the 4 th week, and spraying for 20s every 12 min; in the aeroponic culture process, the temperature is kept at 16-20 ℃ in the daytime and 10-15 ℃ at night;
5) and (3) strawberry greenhouse cultivation:
(1) harvesting strawberry seedlings, cultivating in a greenhouse for a fixed planting time from 8 months end to 9 months beginning, removing residual plants before fixed planting, and combining soil preparation every 667m2Applying turf and decomposed farmyard manure into soil, wherein each length of the farmyard manure is 3m3Deep ploughing and ridging, wherein the width under the ridge is 80cm, the width on the ridge is 60cm, and the height of a ridge platform is 25 cm; after soil preparation, the greenhouse is sealed at high temperature for 20-25 days and aired;
(2) strawberry field planting:
a. single-ridge double-row seedling planting, wherein the row spacing is 20cm, the row spacing is 25cm, drip irrigation is carried out under a film, and NPK balance fertilizer is applied once on the 20 th day after planting, wherein the average amount of each plant is 6 g;
b. after the strawberry plants enter the early flowering phase, introducing bees into a greenhouse, and simultaneously paying attention to cold protection and heat preservation, wherein the temperature in the daytime is controlled to be 23-28 ℃, and the temperature at night is controlled to be 10-18 ℃;
c. spraying amino acid foliar fertilizer and boron fertilizer once in the flowering phase to improve the fruit setting rate and the fruit quality, irrigating for 1 time every 7 days in the fruiting phase, and topdressing the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer for 1 time every 1 time of clear water, wherein the topdressing of the compound fertilizer for 12kg per mu each time;
d. because the field planting time of the strawberries in the greenhouse is from 8 months end to 9 months beginning, the crops of melons and watermelons can be planted in the greenhouse in the first crop according to the market conditions, and the production benefit is improved;
6) and (6) harvesting.
2. The northern area strawberry seedling cultivation and celery rotation production method according to claim 1, wherein the strawberry mother plant cultivation steps are as follows:
1) preparing a culture medium of a strawberry mother plant:
mixing 3 substrates of turf, vermiculite and coconut husk according to a volume ratio of 2:1:1, spraying the substrate with a liquid with the concentration of 800 times, uniformly stirring, covering a film, sealing the periphery, sterilizing and disinfecting, and uncovering the film after 7 days;
2) selecting a healthy strawberry plant without virus as a stock plant in the last ten days of 4 months, and planting the plant in a culture medium of the stock plant, wherein the relative humidity of the medium is controlled to be 55-70%, and the temperature is controlled to be 20-28 ℃ in the daytime;
3) and (3) after the seedlings of the parent plants are slowed down, additionally applying the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium balance fertilizer for 1 time at intervals of 15 days according to the growth vigor of the plants, wherein the application amount of each time is 6-8 g on average per plant.
3. The northern area strawberry seedling cultivation and celery rotation production method according to claim 1, wherein the harvesting is:
the production method is carried out according to the production method of strawberry seedling cultivation and celery rotation in the northern area, fresh strawberries are harvested and listed from the New year's day to the spring festival, and the celery is harvested in time before and after the New year's day according to market demands.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810196909.7A CN108476954B (en) | 2018-03-10 | 2018-03-10 | Production method for strawberry seedling breeding and celery rotation in northern area |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810196909.7A CN108476954B (en) | 2018-03-10 | 2018-03-10 | Production method for strawberry seedling breeding and celery rotation in northern area |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN108476954A CN108476954A (en) | 2018-09-04 |
| CN108476954B true CN108476954B (en) | 2020-05-19 |
Family
ID=63338154
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810196909.7A Expired - Fee Related CN108476954B (en) | 2018-03-10 | 2018-03-10 | Production method for strawberry seedling breeding and celery rotation in northern area |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN108476954B (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109006440A (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2018-12-18 | 广西亿绿千城农业科技有限公司 | A kind of method for culturing seedlings for promoting strawberry to do sth. in advance to yield positive results |
| CN112106633A (en) * | 2019-06-04 | 2020-12-22 | 苏州每日农业科技有限公司 | Three-dimensional crop rotation cultivation mode for strawberries and melons |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103766110A (en) * | 2012-10-26 | 2014-05-07 | 北京市农业技术推广站 | Novel cultivation method for strawberry seedlings |
| CN105210824A (en) * | 2015-09-18 | 2016-01-06 | 云南禄丰勤攀现代农业开发有限公司 | The equipment of the sub-seedling of mist training strawberry stolon and mist culture method thereof |
| CN106900511A (en) * | 2017-05-08 | 2017-06-30 | 山东艾维农业科技有限公司 | A kind of aerial fog cultivation implantation methods of strawberry |
| CN106912288A (en) * | 2017-03-15 | 2017-07-04 | 青岛农业大学 | A kind of efficient standardized planting technology of celery and storage practice |
| CN107409716A (en) * | 2017-08-21 | 2017-12-01 | 合肥果成科技有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of strawberry |
| CN107494231A (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2017-12-22 | 昭平县全盛农业科技发展有限责任公司 | A kind of breeding method of Strawberry Seedlings |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS58165722A (en) * | 1982-03-25 | 1983-09-30 | 滋賀県 | Multistage cultivation method and apparatus of strawberry |
| JPH10178944A (en) * | 1996-12-20 | 1998-07-07 | Shikoku Sogo Kenkyusho:Kk | Solution culture method for strawberry |
| GB2376028B (en) * | 2001-11-02 | 2005-11-23 | Unigro Ltd | Growing system |
| US20060107589A1 (en) * | 2004-11-19 | 2006-05-25 | Rubin Patti D | Compressed growing medium |
-
2018
- 2018-03-10 CN CN201810196909.7A patent/CN108476954B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103766110A (en) * | 2012-10-26 | 2014-05-07 | 北京市农业技术推广站 | Novel cultivation method for strawberry seedlings |
| CN105210824A (en) * | 2015-09-18 | 2016-01-06 | 云南禄丰勤攀现代农业开发有限公司 | The equipment of the sub-seedling of mist training strawberry stolon and mist culture method thereof |
| CN106912288A (en) * | 2017-03-15 | 2017-07-04 | 青岛农业大学 | A kind of efficient standardized planting technology of celery and storage practice |
| CN106900511A (en) * | 2017-05-08 | 2017-06-30 | 山东艾维农业科技有限公司 | A kind of aerial fog cultivation implantation methods of strawberry |
| CN107409716A (en) * | 2017-08-21 | 2017-12-01 | 合肥果成科技有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of strawberry |
| CN107494231A (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2017-12-22 | 昭平县全盛农业科技发展有限责任公司 | A kind of breeding method of Strawberry Seedlings |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN108476954A (en) | 2018-09-04 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN102577825A (en) | High-yield and pollution-free cultivation method for strawberries | |
| CN105684738A (en) | Sunlight greenhouse tomato culture method | |
| CN107211868B (en) | Soilless substrate cultivation method for green asparagus | |
| CN102823497B (en) | Clonal tissue culture breeding method of Liquidambar formosana hance | |
| CN109673412A (en) | A kind of greenhouse strawberry implantation methods of overhead laminar | |
| CN102523902A (en) | High yield cultivation method for interplanting strawberries and melons | |
| CN114175977B (en) | Cultivation method of tomatoes in sunlight greenhouse | |
| CN102090243A (en) | Efficient cultivation technology for large arch shed watermelon, kidney bean and solanum ferox | |
| CN111972204A (en) | Novel method for cultivating blueberries by using vertical root control container | |
| CN107371528A (en) | A kind of seed seedling-raising method of rhodiola | |
| CN109699388A (en) | A kind of cultural method of high-quality grape | |
| CN111642340A (en) | Quinoa cultivation and planting method | |
| CN108476954B (en) | Production method for strawberry seedling breeding and celery rotation in northern area | |
| CN108293861A (en) | A kind of spring greenhouse small watermelon mixed-matrix soilless culture method | |
| CN1918971B (en) | Seeds production method for few-seed purple eggplant first-filial generation | |
| CN107041285A (en) | A kind of method of the live seedling of Dendrobidium huoshanness ball stem | |
| CN104106358B (en) | Cultivation method for sowing greenhouse watermelons one time and harvesting many batches of watermelons in one year | |
| CN106489503A (en) | Oil tree peony Clonal regeneration method for culturing seedlings | |
| CN112237135B (en) | Fertilizer and water management method for high-sugar tomato cultivation | |
| CN112189469B (en) | Vegetative propagation method of birchleaf pear seedlings | |
| CN110063229A (en) | A kind of paddy seedling culture method | |
| CN106879443A (en) | The method of propagation in scale gold leaf metasequoia seedling | |
| CN113597991A (en) | Watermelon planting method | |
| CN112136614A (en) | Tomato planting method | |
| CN113099976A (en) | Method for efficiently breeding seedlings of open-field strawberry stolons |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20200519 Termination date: 20210310 |
|
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |