CN108292002B - Optical laminate and image display device - Google Patents

Optical laminate and image display device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108292002B
CN108292002B CN201680070418.7A CN201680070418A CN108292002B CN 108292002 B CN108292002 B CN 108292002B CN 201680070418 A CN201680070418 A CN 201680070418A CN 108292002 B CN108292002 B CN 108292002B
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layer
substrate
polarizer
retardation
film
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CN108292002A (en
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角村浩
武田健太郎
饭田敏行
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Nitto Denko Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/02—Physical, chemical or physicochemical properties
    • B32B7/023—Optical properties
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/30—Polarising elements
    • G02B5/3025—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state
    • G02B5/3033—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state in the form of a thin sheet or foil, e.g. Polaroid
    • G02B5/3041—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state in the form of a thin sheet or foil, e.g. Polaroid comprising multiple thin layers, e.g. multilayer stacks
    • G02B5/305—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state in the form of a thin sheet or foil, e.g. Polaroid comprising multiple thin layers, e.g. multilayer stacks including organic materials, e.g. polymeric layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/36—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/30—Polarising elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F9/00—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements
    • G09F9/30—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
    • H05B33/02—Details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
    • H10K59/80—Constructional details
    • H10K59/8791—Arrangements for improving contrast, e.g. preventing reflection of ambient light

Abstract

The present invention provides an optical laminate having excellent antireflection function despite having a substrate having optical anisotropy (hereinafter also referred to as anisotropic substrate). The optical laminate comprises a polarizer and a protective layer disposed on at least one side of the polarizer, a retardation layer, a conductive layer, and a substrate in this order, wherein the substrate has an in-plane retardation Re (550) of more than 0nm, and the slow axis of the substrate and the slow axis of the retardation layer form an angle of-40 DEG to-50 DEG or 40 DEG to 50 deg.

Description

Optical laminate and image display device
Technical Field
The present invention relates to an optical laminate and an image display device using the same.
Background
In recent years, along with the spread of thin displays, displays (organic EL display devices) having an organic EL (Electroluminescence) panel mounted thereon have been proposed. Since the organic EL panel has a metal layer having high reflectivity, problems such as reflection of external light and reflection of a background tend to occur. Therefore, it is known to prevent these problems by disposing a circularly polarizing plate on the visible side. On the other hand, there is an increasing demand for a so-called in-cell touch panel type input display device in which a touch sensor is interposed between a display unit (for example, an organic EL unit) and a polarizing plate. In the input display device having such a configuration, since the image display unit and the touch sensor are located at a short distance from each other, a natural input operation feeling can be given to the user. In addition, the input display device configured as described above can reduce the influence of reflected light caused by the conductive pattern formed on the touch sensor.
In general, a touch sensor in the input display device having the above-described configuration includes a sensor film including a base material and a conductive layer formed on the base material. An isotropic substrate is often used as the substrate. The isotropic base material sufficiently exhibits an antireflection function by the circularly polarizing plate as long as it is optically completely isotropic. However, in practice, even in a substrate having isotropy, some anisotropy is exhibited due to the influence of a conductive layer forming step, a treatment for improving toughness of the substrate, and the like. As a result, even if the circularly polarizing plate is arranged, problems such as reflection of external light and reflection of background may occur.
Documents of the prior art
Patent document
Patent document 1: japanese patent laid-open publication No. 2003-311239
Patent document 2: japanese laid-open patent publication No. 2002-372622
Patent document 3: japanese patent No. 3325560
Patent document 4: japanese patent laid-open publication No. 2003-036143
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved by the invention
The present invention has been made to solve the above conventional problems, and a main object thereof is to provide an optical laminate having excellent antireflection function even though it includes a substrate having optical anisotropy (hereinafter, also referred to as an anisotropic substrate).
Means for solving the problems
The optical laminate of the present invention comprises, in order: a polarizing plate comprising a polarizer and a protective layer disposed on at least one side of the polarizer, a retardation layer, a conductive layer and a base material, wherein the in-plane retardation Re (550) of the base material is greater than 0nm, and the angle formed by the slow axis of the base material and the slow axis of the retardation layer is from-40 DEG to-50 DEG or from 40 DEG to 50 deg.
In one embodiment, an angle formed by the absorption axis of the polarizer and the slow axis of the retardation layer is 38 ° to 52 °.
In one embodiment, Re (450)/Re (550) of the retardation layer is 0.8 or more and less than 1.
In one embodiment, Re (650)/Re (550) of the retardation layer is greater than 1 and 1.2 or less.
In one embodiment, the retardation layer is made of polycarbonate.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an image display device. The image display device includes the optical laminate.
Effects of the invention
According to the present invention, it is possible to provide an optical laminate which has excellent antireflection function despite having an anisotropic substrate by optimizing the slow axis angle of the anisotropic substrate.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an optical laminate according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the results of examples and comparative examples.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the results of examples and comparative examples.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the results of examples and comparative examples.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the results of examples and comparative examples.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.
(definitions of wording and symbols)
The terms and symbols in the present specification are defined as follows.
(1) Refractive index (nx, ny, nz)
"nx" is a refractive index in a direction in which an in-plane refractive index is maximum (i.e., a slow axis direction), "ny" is a refractive index in a direction orthogonal to a slow axis in a plane (i.e., a fast axis direction), and "nz" is a refractive index in a thickness direction.
(2) In-plane retardation (Re)
"Re (. lamda)" is an in-plane retardation measured at 23 ℃ with light having a wavelength of. lamda.nm. For example, "Re (550)" is an in-plane retardation measured by light having a wavelength of 550nm at 23 ℃. When the thickness of the layer (film) is d (nm), Re (λ) is expressed by the following formula: re (λ) ═ (nx-ny) × d.
(3) Retardation in thickness direction (Rth)
"Rth (λ)" is a phase difference in the thickness direction measured by light having a wavelength of λ nm at 23 ℃. For example, "Rth (550)" is a phase difference in the thickness direction measured by light having a wavelength of 550nm at 23 ℃. When the thickness of the layer (film) is d (nm), Rth (λ) is expressed by the following formula: rth (λ) ═ n x-nz × d.
(4) Coefficient of Nz
The Nz coefficient is determined by Nz ═ Rth/Re.
A. Integral construction of optical laminate
Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an optical laminate according to an embodiment of the present invention. The optical laminate 100 of the present embodiment includes a polarizing plate 11, a retardation layer 12, a conductive layer 21, and a substrate 22 in this order. The polarizing plate 11 includes a polarizer 1, a 1 st protective layer 2 disposed on one side of the polarizer 1, and a 2 nd protective layer 3 disposed on the other side of the polarizer 1. One of the 1 st passivation layer 2 and the 2 nd passivation layer 3 may be omitted depending on the purpose. For example, when the retardation layer 12 can also function as a protective layer for the polarizer 1, the 2 nd protective layer 3 can be omitted. The conductive layer 21 and the substrate 22 may be each a single layer constituting the optical laminate 100, or may be introduced into the optical laminate 100 as a laminate of the substrate 22 and the conductive layer 21. The laminate of the base material 22 and the conductive layer 21 functions as, for example, a sensor film 20 of a touch sensor. In addition, the ratio of the thicknesses of the respective layers in the drawings is different from the actual one for the convenience of observation. The layers constituting the optical laminate may be laminated via any suitable adhesive layer (adhesive layer or pressure-sensitive adhesive layer: not shown). On the other hand, the base 22 may be closely laminated on the conductive layer 21. In the present specification, "adhesion lamination" means that 2 layers are directly and fixedly laminated without an adhesive layer (e.g., an adhesive layer or an adhesive layer) interposed therebetween.
The laminate 10 of the polarizing plate 11 and the retardation layer 12 functions as a circularly polarizing plate. In addition, the substrate 22 may be optically anisotropic. In the present invention, it is possible to provide an optical laminate which, even when provided with an anisotropic substrate 22, can sufficiently exhibit the antireflection function of a circularly polarizing plate and can effectively prevent reflection of external light, reflection of background, or the like by setting the angle formed between the slow axis of the substrate 22 and the retardation layer 12 to a specific range (to be described below, from-40 ° to-50 ° or from 40 ° to 50 °). The substrate 22 has an in-plane retardation (for example, the in-plane retardation Re (550) is greater than 0nm and 10nm or less). The details are as follows.
The total thickness of the optical laminate is preferably 220 μm or less, and more preferably 40 to 180 μm.
The optical laminate may be in a long shape (e.g., a roll shape) or may be in a single sheet shape.
Hereinafter, each layer and the optical film constituting the optical laminate will be described in more detail.
B. Polarizing plate
B-1 polarizer
As the polarizer 1, any suitable polarizer can be used. For example, the resin film forming the polarizer may be a single-layer resin film or a laminate of two or more layers.
Specific examples of the polarizer made of a single-layer resin film include a film obtained by subjecting a hydrophilic polymer film such as a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film, a partially formalized PVA film, or an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer partially saponified film to dyeing treatment and stretching treatment with a dichroic substance such as iodine or a dichroic dye, a polyene-based oriented film such as a PVA dehydrated product or a polyvinyl chloride desalted acid-treated product, and the like. From the viewpoint of excellent optical properties, it is preferable to use a polarizer obtained by dyeing a PVA-based film with iodine and uniaxially stretching the PVA film.
The dyeing with iodine is performed by, for example, immersing the PVA-based film in an aqueous iodine solution. The stretching ratio of the uniaxial stretching is preferably 3 to 7 times. The stretching may be performed after the dyeing treatment, or may be performed while dyeing. Further, dyeing may be performed after stretching. The PVA-based film is subjected to swelling treatment, crosslinking treatment, washing treatment, drying treatment, and the like as necessary. For example, by immersing the PVA-based film in water and washing it with water before dyeing, not only stains and an antiblocking agent on the surface of the PVA-based film can be washed off, but also the PVA-based film can be swollen to prevent uneven dyeing and the like.
Specific examples of the polarizer obtained using the laminate include polarizers obtained using a laminate of a resin substrate and a PVA-based resin layer (PVA-based resin film) laminated on the resin substrate, or a laminate of a resin substrate and a PVA-based resin layer formed on the resin substrate by coating. A polarizer obtained using a laminate of a resin substrate and a PVA-based resin layer formed on the resin substrate by coating can be produced, for example, as follows: coating a PVA-based resin solution on a resin base material and drying the PVA-based resin solution to form a PVA-based resin layer on the resin base material, thereby obtaining a laminate of the resin base material and the PVA-based resin layer; the laminate is stretched and dyed to form a polarizer from the PVA resin layer. In the present embodiment, typically, the stretching includes immersing the laminate in an aqueous boric acid solution and stretching it. Further, the stretching may further comprise subjecting the laminate to in-air stretching at a high temperature (e.g., 95 ℃ or higher) before stretching in the aqueous boric acid solution, if necessary. The obtained resin substrate/polarizer laminate may be used as it is (that is, the resin substrate may be used as a protective layer for a polarizer), or the resin substrate may be peeled from the resin substrate/polarizer laminate and an arbitrary appropriate protective layer corresponding to the purpose may be laminated on the peeled surface. Details of a method for producing such a polarizer are described in, for example, japanese patent laid-open No. 2012-73580. The entire disclosure of this publication is incorporated herein by reference.
The thickness of the polarizer is preferably 15 μm or less, more preferably 1 to 12 μm, still more preferably 3 to 12 μm, and particularly preferably 5 to 12 μm.
The boric acid content of the polarizer is preferably 18% by weight or more, more preferably 18% by weight to 25% by weight. When the boric acid content of the polarizer is in such a range, the curling can be favorably suppressed and the appearance durability can be improved during heating while maintaining the easiness of curling adjustment during bonding by a synergistic effect with the iodine content described below. The boric acid content can be calculated as the amount of boric acid contained in the polarizer per unit weight, for example, by a neutralization method using the following formula.
Figure GDA0002819921470000051
The iodine content of the polarizer is preferably 2.1 wt% or more, and more preferably 2.1 wt% to 3.5 wt%. When the iodine content of the polarizer is in such a range, the curling can be favorably suppressed and the appearance durability can be improved during heating while maintaining the easiness of the curling adjustment during the bonding by the synergistic effect with the boric acid content. In the present specification, the "iodine content" refers to the amount of all iodine contained in the polarizer (PVA-based resin film). More specifically, in the polarizer, iodine is represented by iodide ion (I)-) Iodine molecule (I)2) Polyiodide (I)3 -、I5 -) The iodine content in the present specification means the amount of iodine including all of these forms. The iodine content can be calculated, for example, by a standard curve method of fluorescent X-ray analysis. In addition, the polyiodide exists in a state where a PVA-iodine complex is formed in the polarizer. By forming such a complex, absorption dichroism can be exhibited in the wavelength range of visible light. Specifically, a complex of PVA and triiodide ion (PVA. I)3 -) Has an absorption peak around 470nm, PVA andpentaiodide ion complex (PVA. I)5 -) Has an absorption peak around 600 nm. As a result, the polyiodide can absorb light in a wide range of visible light according to its form. On the other hand, iodide ion (I)-) Has an absorption peak near 230nm, and does not substantially participate in the absorption of visible light. Therefore, the polyiodide existing in a state of a complex with PVA can mainly participate in the absorption performance of the polarizer.
The polarizer preferably exhibits absorption dichroism at any wavelength of 380nm to 780 nm. The simple substance transmittance of the polarizer is 43.0% to 46.0%, preferably 44.5% to 46.0%, as described above. The degree of polarization of the polarizer is preferably 97.0% or more, more preferably 99.0% or more, and still more preferably 99.9% or more.
B-2. the 1 st protective layer
The 1 st protective layer 2 is formed of any suitable film that can be used as a protective layer for a polarizer. Specific examples of the material that becomes the main component of the film include cellulose resins such as Triacetylcellulose (TAC), and transparent resins such as polyester, polyvinyl alcohol, polycarbonate, polyamide, polyimide, polyether sulfone, polysulfone, polystyrene, polynorbornene, polyolefin, (meth) acrylic, and acetate resins. Further, thermosetting resins such as (meth) acrylic, urethane, (meth) acrylic urethane, epoxy, and silicone resins, ultraviolet curable resins, and the like can be mentioned. Further, for example, a glassy polymer such as a siloxane polymer can be cited. Further, the polymer film described in Japanese patent application laid-open No. 2001-343529 (WO01/37007) may also be used. As a material of the film, for example, a resin composition containing a thermoplastic resin having a substituted or unsubstituted imide group in a side chain and a thermoplastic resin having a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group and a nitrile group in a side chain can be used, and for example, a resin composition having an alternating copolymer of isobutylene and N-methylmaleimide and an acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer can be cited. The polymer film may be, for example, an extrusion-molded product of the above resin composition.
As described below, the optical laminate of the present invention is typically disposed on the viewing side of the image display device, and the 1 st protective layer 2 is typically disposed on the viewing side thereof. Therefore, the 1 st protective layer 2 may be subjected to surface treatment such as hard coating treatment, antireflection treatment, anti-sticking treatment, antiglare treatment, or the like, as necessary. Further, the first protective layer 2 may be subjected to a treatment (typically, a (elliptical) polarization function and an ultrahigh retardation) for improving visibility when viewed through a polarized sunglass, if necessary. By performing such processing, excellent visibility can be achieved even when the display screen is visually displayed through a polarizing lens such as a polarizing sunglass. Therefore, the optical laminate can be preferably applied also to an image display device that can be used outdoors.
The thickness of the 1 st protective layer may be any suitable thickness. The thickness of the first protective layer 1 is, for example, 10 to 50 μm, preferably 15 to 40 μm. In addition, when the surface treatment is performed, the thickness of the 1 st protective layer is a thickness including the thickness of the surface treatment layer.
B-3. No. 2 protective layer
Further, the 2 nd protective layer 3 is also formed of any suitable film that can be used as a protective layer for a polarizer. The material that becomes the main component of the film is as described in the above item B-2 with respect to the 1 st protective layer. The 2 nd protective layer 3 is preferably substantially optically isotropic. In the present specification, the phrase "substantially optically isotropic" means that the in-plane retardation Re (550) is 0nm to 10nm and the retardation Rth (550) in the thickness direction is-10 nm to +10 nm.
The thickness of the 2 nd protective layer is, for example, 15 to 35 μm, preferably 20 to 30 μm. The difference between the thickness of the 1 st protective layer and the thickness of the 2 nd protective layer is preferably 15 μm or less, and more preferably 10 μm or less. If the difference in thickness is within such a range, curling at the time of bonding can be suppressed satisfactorily. The thickness of the 1 st protective layer may be the same as that of the 2 nd protective layer, or the 1 st protective layer may be thicker or the 2 nd protective layer may be thicker. Typically, the 1 st protective layer is thicker than the 2 nd protective layer.
C. Retardation layer
The retardation layer 12 may have any suitable optical and/or mechanical properties depending on the purpose. Representatively, the phase difference layer 12 has a slow axis. In one embodiment, the angle θ formed by the slow axis of the retardation layer 12 and the absorption axis of the polarizer 1 is preferably 38 ° to 52 °, more preferably 42 ° to 48 °, and still more preferably about 45 °. When the angle θ is in such a range, an optical laminate having very excellent circular polarization characteristics (as a result, very excellent antireflection characteristics) can be obtained by forming the retardation layer into a λ/4 plate as described below.
The preferable refractive index characteristic of the retardation layer shows a relationship of nx > ny ≧ nz. Typically, the retardation layer is provided to impart antireflection characteristics to the polarizing plate, and in one embodiment, functions as a λ/4 plate. In this case, the in-plane retardation Re (550) of the retardation layer is preferably 80nm to 200nm, more preferably 100nm to 180nm, and still more preferably 110nm to 170 nm. Here, "ny ═ nz" includes not only cases where ny and nz are completely equal but also cases where ny and nz are substantially equal. Therefore, ny < nz may be present within a range not impairing the effects of the present invention.
The Nz coefficient of the retardation layer is preferably 0.1 to 3, more preferably 0.2 to 1.5, and still more preferably 0.3 to 1.3. By satisfying such a relationship, when the obtained optical laminate is used in an image display device, a very excellent reflection hue can be achieved.
The retardation layer may exhibit reverse dispersion wavelength characteristics in which the phase difference value increases in accordance with the wavelength of the measurement light, may exhibit positive dispersion wavelength characteristics in which the phase difference value decreases in accordance with the wavelength of the measurement light, or may exhibit flat dispersion wavelength characteristics in which the phase difference value hardly changes depending on the wavelength of the measurement light. In one embodiment, the retardation layer exhibits reverse dispersion wavelength characteristics. In this case, Re (450)/Re (550) of the retardation layer is preferably 0.8 or more and less than 1, and more preferably 0.8 or more and 0.95 or less. Further, Re (650)/Re (550) of the retardation layer is preferably greater than 1 and 1.2 or less, and more preferably 1.05 or more and 1.2 or less. With such a configuration, very excellent antireflection characteristics can be achieved. Further, this effect is remarkable by combining the retardation layer having the reverse wavelength dispersion characteristic with a base material (described below) whose slow axis angle is appropriately adjusted as described above. The wavelength dispersion characteristic of the retardation layer can be controlled by, for example, using a polycarbonate resin film as a resin film and adjusting the content ratio of the structural units constituting the polycarbonate resin as described below.
The absolute value of photoelastic modulus of the phase difference layer is preferably 2 × 10-11m2A value of not more than N, more preferably 2.0X 10- 13m2/N～1.5×10-11m2More preferably 1.0X 10-12m2/N～1.2×10-11m2A resin of/N. When the absolute value of the photoelastic modulus is in such a range, it is difficult for the retardation to change when a shrinkage stress occurs during heating. As a result, thermal unevenness of the obtained image display device can be prevented favorably.
The thickness of the retardation layer is preferably 60 μm or less, and preferably 30 to 55 μm. When the thickness of the retardation layer is in such a range, the curl during heating can be favorably suppressed, and the curl during bonding can be favorably adjusted.
The retardation layer may be formed of any appropriate resin film that can satisfy the above characteristics. Representative examples of such resins include a cycloolefin resin, a polycarbonate resin, a cellulose resin, a polyester resin, a polyvinyl alcohol resin, a polyamide resin, a polyimide resin, a polyether resin, a polystyrene resin, and an acrylic resin. In the case where the retardation layer is composed of a resin film exhibiting reverse dispersion wavelength characteristics, a polycarbonate-based resin can be preferably used.
As the polycarbonate resin, any suitable polycarbonate resin can be used as long as the effects of the present invention can be obtained. The polycarbonate resin preferably contains a structural unit derived from a fluorene-based dihydroxy compound, a structural unit derived from an isosorbide-based dihydroxy compound, and a structural unit derived from at least 1 dihydroxy compound selected from the group consisting of alicyclic diols, alicyclic dimethanols, di, tri, or polyethylene glycols, and alkylene glycols or spirodiols. Preferably, the polycarbonate resin contains a structural unit derived from a fluorene-based dihydroxy compound, a structural unit derived from an isosorbide-based dihydroxy compound, a structural unit derived from alicyclic dimethanol, and/or a structural unit derived from di-, tri-or polyethylene glycol; further preferably contains a structural unit derived from a fluorene-based dihydroxy compound, a structural unit derived from an isosorbide-based dihydroxy compound, and a structural unit derived from a di-, tri-or polyethylene glycol. The polycarbonate resin may contain a structural unit derived from another dihydroxy compound, if necessary. Further, details of the polycarbonate resin which can be preferably used in the present invention are described in, for example, japanese patent application laid-open nos. 2014-10291 and 2014-26266, and the descriptions are incorporated in the present specification by reference.
The glass transition temperature of the polycarbonate resin is preferably 120 ℃ or higher and 190 ℃ or lower, and more preferably 130 ℃ or higher and 180 ℃ or lower. If the glass transition temperature is too low, heat resistance tends to be poor, dimensional change may occur after film formation, and image quality of an obtained image display device may be degraded. If the glass transition temperature is too high, the molding stability at the time of film molding may be deteriorated, and the transparency of the film may be impaired. The glass transition temperature is determined in accordance with JIS K7121 (1987).
The molecular weight of the polycarbonate resin can be expressed as reduced viscosity. The reduced viscosity was measured using a Ubbelohde viscometer at a temperature of 20.0 ℃ C. + -. 0.1 ℃ C, using methylene chloride as a solvent, and a polycarbonate concentration precisely prepared at 0.6 g/dL. The lower limit of the reduced viscosity is usually preferably 0.30dL/g, more preferably 0.35dL/g or more. The upper limit of the reduced viscosity is usually preferably 1.20dL/g, more preferably 1.00dL/g, and still more preferably 0.80 dL/g. If the reduced viscosity is less than the lower limit, the mechanical strength of the molded article may be reduced. On the other hand, if the reduced viscosity is higher than the above upper limit, there may be a problem that fluidity at the time of molding is lowered, and productivity or moldability is lowered.
As the polycarbonate resin film, a commercially available film may be used. Specific examples of commercially available products include "PURE-ACE WR-S", "PURE-ACE WR-W", "PURE-ACE WR-M" manufactured by Imperial corporation and "NRF" manufactured by Nindon electric corporation.
The retardation layer can be obtained by, for example, stretching a film made of the polycarbonate resin. As a method for forming the film from the polycarbonate-based resin, any appropriate molding method can be employed. Specific examples thereof include compression molding, transfer molding, injection molding, extrusion molding, blow molding, powder molding, FRP (Fiber Reinforced Plastics) molding, cast coating (for example, casting), calendering, and hot pressing. Extrusion or cast coating is preferred. This is because the smoothness of the obtained film can be improved to obtain good optical uniformity. The molding conditions may be appropriately set according to the composition and type of the resin used, the desired properties of the retardation layer, and the like. Further, as described above, since a large number of film products are commercially available as polycarbonate-based resins, the commercially available films may be directly subjected to stretching treatment.
The thickness of the resin film (unstretched film) may be set to any appropriate value depending on the desired thickness of the retardation layer, desired optical characteristics, the following stretching conditions, and the like. Preferably 50 to 300. mu.m.
The stretching may be performed by any suitable stretching method and stretching conditions (e.g., stretching temperature, stretching ratio, and stretching direction). Specifically, various stretching methods such as free end stretching, fixed end stretching, free end shrinking, and fixed end shrinking may be used alone, or simultaneously or sequentially. The stretching direction may be performed in various directions or dimensions such as a longitudinal direction, a width direction, a thickness direction, and an oblique direction. The stretching temperature is preferably from Tg-30 ℃ to Tg +60 ℃, more preferably from Tg-30 ℃ to Tg +50 ℃, and still more preferably from Tg-15 ℃ to Tg +30 ℃ relative to the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the resin film.
By appropriately selecting the stretching method and the stretching conditions, a retardation film having the desired optical properties (e.g., refractive index properties, in-plane retardation, Nz coefficient) can be obtained.
In one embodiment, the retardation film is produced by uniaxially stretching the resin film or uniaxially stretching the resin film at a fixed end. As a specific example of the fixed-end uniaxial stretching, a method of stretching the resin film in the width direction (transverse direction) while moving the resin film in the longitudinal direction can be cited. The stretch ratio is preferably 1.1 to 3.5 times.
In another embodiment, the retardation film may be produced by continuously obliquely stretching a long resin film in the direction of the angle θ with respect to the longitudinal direction. By employing oblique stretching, a long stretched film having an orientation angle of an angle θ (slow axis in the direction of the angle θ) with respect to the longitudinal direction of the film can be obtained, and for example, when laminated with a polarizer, roll-to-roll can be realized to simplify the production process. In the polarizing plate with a retardation layer, the angle θ may be an angle formed by the absorption axis of the polarizer and the slow axis of the retardation layer. As described above, the angle θ is preferably 38 ° to 52 °, more preferably 42 ° to 48 °, and further preferably about 45 °.
As the stretching machine used for the oblique stretching, for example, a tenter type stretching machine capable of applying a feed force or a stretching force or a drawing force at different speeds in the lateral direction and/or the longitudinal direction can be cited. The tenter type stretching machine includes a transverse uniaxial stretching machine, a simultaneous biaxial stretching machine, and the like, and any suitable stretching machine can be used as long as it can continuously stretch the long resin film obliquely.
In the above-described stretching machine, by appropriately controlling the respective speeds, it is possible to obtain a retardation layer (substantially long retardation film) having the desired in-plane retardation and a slow axis in the desired direction.
The stretching temperature of the film may vary depending on the in-plane retardation value and thickness desired for the retardation layer, the kind of resin used, the thickness of the film used, the stretching magnification, and the like. Specifically, the stretching temperature is preferably from Tg-30 ℃ to Tg +60 ℃, more preferably from Tg-30 ℃ to Tg +50 ℃, and still more preferably from Tg-15 ℃ to Tg +30 ℃. By performing stretching at such a temperature, in the present invention, a retardation layer having appropriate characteristics can be obtained. In addition, Tg is the glass transition temperature of the constituent material of the film.
D. Conductive layer
The conductive layer can be formed by forming a metal oxide film on any suitable substrate by any suitable film forming method (for example, vacuum Deposition, sputtering, CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition), ion plating, spraying, or the like). After the film formation, a heat treatment (for example, 100 to 200 ℃) may be performed as necessary. By performing the heat treatment, the amorphous film can be crystallized. Examples of the metal oxide include indium oxide, tin oxide, zinc oxide, indium-tin composite oxide, tin-antimony composite oxide, zinc-aluminum composite oxide, and indium-zinc composite oxide. The indium oxide may be doped with a divalent metal ion or a tetravalent metal ion. Preferably an indium-based composite oxide, and more preferably an indium-tin composite oxide (ITO). The indium-based composite oxide has the following characteristics: has a high transmittance (for example, 80% or more) in the visible light region (380nm to 780nm), and has a low surface resistance value per unit area.
In the case where the conductive layer contains a metal oxide, the thickness of the conductive layer is preferably 50nm or less, and more preferably 35nm or less. The lower limit of the thickness of the conductive layer is preferably 10 nm.
The surface resistance value of the conductive layer is preferably 300 Ω/□ or less, more preferably 150 Ω/□ or less, and further preferably 100 Ω/□ or less.
The conductive layer may be patterned as desired. By patterning, the conductive portion and the insulating portion can be formed. As the patterning method, any appropriate method can be employed. Specific examples of the patterning method include a wet etching method and a screen printing method.
E. Base material
The substrate has a slow axis. In the present invention, it is possible to provide an optical laminate which can sufficiently exhibit the antireflection function of a circularly polarizing plate and effectively prevent reflection of external light, reflection of a background, and the like even when a substrate having a slow axis, that is, an anisotropic substrate is used. Therefore, according to the present invention, it is not necessary to select a material constituting a base material while paying attention to optical isotropy as in the conventional case, and various materials can be selected according to desired characteristics.
The substrate is produced with the aim of optical isotropy (in-plane retardation Re (550) is 0nm), but may be a substrate inevitably having a slow axis. In the case where the conductive layer is formed on the substrate (that is, in the case where the substrate and the conductive layer are laminated by close adhesion lamination), an unnecessary slow axis may be generated in the substrate due to heating or the like in the film formation step. The slow axis generated in such a manner may hinder the antireflection function by the circularly polarizing plate, and it is generally difficult to control the direction thereof, and may also cause a reduction in production stability. In the present invention, even if the substrate is a substrate having the slow axis, the antireflection function of the circularly polarizing plate is sufficiently exhibited. In the present invention, the formation of the conductive layer can be allowed by allowing the generation of the slow axis, and the limitation of the film formation condition of the conductive layer can be reduced.
The above effects can be obtained by optimizing the angle of the slow axis of the substrate and the slow axis of the retardation layer. The present invention is particularly useful in that the antireflection function of a circularly polarizing plate is sufficiently exhibited regardless of the direction in which the slow axis of the substrate is generated.
The angle formed by the slow axis of the substrate and the slow axis of the retardation layer is-40 DEG to-50 DEG or 40 DEG to 50 DEG, preferably-42 DEG to-48 DEG or 42 DEG to 48 DEG, more preferably-44 DEG to-46 DEG or 44 DEG to 46 DEG, and particularly preferably-45 DEG or 45 deg. Within such a range, an optical laminate can be provided which can sufficiently exhibit the antireflection function of the circularly polarizing plate and can effectively prevent reflection of external light, reflection of background, and the like. In the present specification, the clockwise angle is set to a positive angle and the counterclockwise angle is set to a negative angle with respect to the slow axis of the base material.
The substrate preferred refractive index profile exhibits a relationship of nx > ny ≧ nz. The in-plane retardation Re (550) of the substrate is greater than 0 nm. According to the present invention, even when a substrate having an in-plane retardation Re is used, as described above, an optical laminate that sufficiently exhibits the antireflection function of a circularly polarizing plate can be obtained. In one embodiment, the in-plane retardation Re (550) of the substrate is 3nm or more. In another embodiment, the in-plane retardation Re (550) of the substrate is 5nm or more. The upper limit of the in-plane retardation Re (550) of the substrate is, for example, 10 nm. When the in-plane retardation Re (550) of the substrate is 10nm or less (more preferably 8nm or less, further preferably 6nm or less), the antireflection function of the circularly polarizing plate is further enhanced.
As the substrate, any suitable resin film may be used. Specific examples of the constituent material include a cycloolefin resin, a polycarbonate resin, a cellulose resin, a polyester resin, and an acrylic resin.
The thickness of the substrate is preferably 10 to 200. mu.m, more preferably 20 to 60 μm.
A hard coat layer (not shown) may be provided between the conductive layer 21 and the substrate 22 as needed. As the hard coat layer, a hard coat layer having any suitable constitution can be used. The thickness of the hard coat layer is, for example, 0.5 to 2 μm. Fine particles for reducing newton's rings may be added to the hard coat layer as long as the haze is within an allowable range. Further, if necessary, an anchor coat layer for improving the adhesion of the conductive layer and/or a refractive index adjustment layer for adjusting the reflectance may be provided between the conductive layer 21 and the base 22 (hard coat layer if present). The anchor coat layer and the refractive index adjustment layer may have any suitable configuration. The anchor coating and the refractive index adjusting layer may be thin layers of several nm to several tens of nm.
If necessary, another hard coat layer may be provided on the side of the substrate 22 opposite to the conductive layer 21 (outermost side of the optical laminate). Typically, the hard coat layer includes a binder resin layer and spherical particles, and the spherical particles protrude from the binder resin layer to form protrusions. Details of such a hard coat layer are described in japanese patent application laid-open No. 2013-145547, the description of which is incorporated herein by reference.
F. Others
The optical stack according to the embodiment of the present invention may further include other layers. In actual use, an adhesive layer (not shown) for bonding to the display unit is provided on the surface of the base material 22. A release film is preferably attached to the surface of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer before the optical laminate is used.
G. Image display device
The optical laminate according to the above items a to F is applicable to an image display device. Accordingly, the present invention includes an image display device using such an optical laminate. As typical examples of the image display device, a liquid crystal display device and an organic EL display device can be given. An image display device according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the optical laminate according to any one of items a to G on a visible side thereof. The optical laminate is laminated such that the conductive layer is on the display cell (e.g., liquid crystal cell or organic EL cell) (such that the polarizer is on the visible side). That is, the image display device according to the embodiment of the present invention may be a so-called in-cell touch panel type input display device in which a touch sensor is interposed between a display unit (e.g., a liquid crystal cell, an organic EL cell) and a polarizing plate. In this case, the touch sensor may be disposed between the conductive layer (or the conductive layer with a base material) and the display unit. The configuration of the touch sensor can be a configuration well known in the art, and thus, a detailed description thereof is omitted.
Examples
The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
[ example 1]
With respect to the optical laminate having the configuration shown in table 1 below, the reflection characteristics of the optical laminate were evaluated from the front hues a and b using an optical simulator (manufactured by Shintec corporation, trade name "LCD Master V8").
In addition, the following structure is provided: a light source (a D65 light source registered in "LCD Master V8") is disposed on the side of the polarizer opposite to the retardation layer, and a Reflector (ideal Reflector registered in "LCD Master V8") is disposed on the side of the substrate opposite to the retardation layer.
The positive hues a and b were calculated with the same composition as in table 1 except that the base material was not included, and the results thereof were used as reference.
This evaluation was a simulation in which the slow axis angle of the base material was changed as described below, and the reflection characteristics of the optical laminate were evaluated by comparison with a reference.
[ Table 1]
Figure GDA0002819921470000141
[ example 1-1]
The angle formed by the slow axis of the substrate and the absorption axis of the polarizer of the polarizing plate was set to 90 °. That is, the angle formed by the slow axis of the base material and the slow axis of the retardation layer was set to 45 °.
[ examples 1-2]
The angle formed by the slow axis of the substrate and the absorption axis of the polarizer of the polarizing plate was set to 0 °. That is, the angle formed by the slow axis of the substrate and the slow axis of the retardation layer was set to-45 °.
[ examples 1 to 3]
The angle formed by the slow axis of the substrate and the absorption axis of the polarizer of the polarizing plate was set to 85 °. That is, the angle formed by the slow axis of the base material and the slow axis of the retardation layer was set to 40 °.
[ examples 1 to 4]
The angle formed by the slow axis of the substrate and the absorption axis of the polarizer of the polarizing plate was set to 95 °. That is, the angle formed by the slow axis of the base material and the slow axis of the retardation layer was set to 50 °.
[ examples 1 to 5]
The angle formed by the slow axis of the substrate and the absorption axis of the polarizer was set to-5 °. That is, the angle formed by the slow axis of the substrate and the slow axis of the retardation layer was set to-50 °.
[ examples 1 to 6]
The angle formed by the slow axis of the substrate and the absorption axis of the polarizer of the polarizing plate was set to 5 °. That is, the angle formed by the slow axis of the substrate and the slow axis of the retardation layer was set to-40 °.
Comparative example 1
The angles formed by the slow axis of the substrate and the absorption axis of the polarizer of the polarizing plate were changed in the ranges of 10 ° to 80 ° and 100 ° to 170 °, and the reflection characteristics at each angle were evaluated.
Fig. 2 shows the results of example 1 and comparative example 1, wherein the hue a and b of positive color are plotted. Fig. 3 shows a graph showing the axial angle dependence of Δ ab. Δ ab is determined by Δ ab { (hue a-reference hue a)2+ (positive color b-reference positive color b)2}1/2And then calculated. The lower Δ ab indicates less influence of the isotropic base material and more excellent antireflection property.
As is apparent from fig. 2 and 3, the optical laminate of the present invention has an excellent antireflection function.
[ example 2]
The reflection characteristics of the optical laminate were evaluated in the same manner as in example 1 (examples 1-1 to 1-6) except that the Re (550) of the retardation layer was 139nm, the wavelength dispersion characteristic Re (450)/Re (550) of the retardation layer was 0.85, and the wavelength dispersion characteristic Re (650)/Re (550) of the retardation layer was 1.06.
Comparative example 2
The reflection characteristics of the optical laminate were evaluated in the same manner as in comparative example 2, except that the Re (550) of the retardation layer was 139nm, the wavelength dispersion characteristic Re (450)/Re (550) of the retardation layer was 0.85, and the wavelength dispersion characteristic Re (650)/Re (550) was 1.06.
Fig. 4 shows graphs showing the axial angle dependence of Δ ab with respect to the results of example 2 and comparative example 2.
[ example 3]
The reflection characteristics of the optical laminate were evaluated in the same manner as in example 1 (examples 1-1 to 1-6) except that the wavelength dispersion characteristic Re (450)/Re (550) of the retardation layer was 0.82 and the wavelength dispersion characteristic Re (650)/Re (550) was 1.08.
Comparative example 3
The reflection characteristics of the optical laminate were evaluated in the same manner as in comparative example 2, except that the wavelength dispersion characteristic Re (450)/Re (550) of the retardation layer was set to 0.82 and the wavelength dispersion characteristic Re (650)/Re (550) was set to 1.08.
Fig. 5 shows graphs showing the axial angle dependence of Δ ab with respect to the results of example 3 and comparative example 3.
Industrial applicability
The optical layered body of the present invention can be preferably used for image display devices such as liquid crystal display devices and organic EL display devices, and particularly can be preferably used as an antireflection film for organic EL display devices. Further, the optical laminate of the present invention can be preferably used for an in-cell touch panel type input display device.
Description of the symbols
1 polarizer
2 the 1 st protective layer
3 the 2 nd protective layer
11 polarizing plate
12 phase difference layer
21 conductive layer
22 base material
100 optical stack

Claims (6)

1. An optical stack comprising, in order: a polarizing plate comprising a polarizer and a protective layer disposed on at least one side of the polarizer; a phase difference layer; a conductive layer and a base material,
the in-plane retardation Re (550) of the substrate is greater than 0nm,
the angle formed by the slow axis of the base material and the slow axis of the phase difference layer is-40 degrees to-50 degrees or 40 degrees to 50 degrees.
2. The optical stack according to claim 1, wherein the absorption axis of the polarizer makes an angle of 38 ° to 52 ° with the slow axis of the retardation layer.
3. The optical laminate according to claim 1, wherein Re (450)/Re (550) of the retardation layer is 0.8 or more and less than 1.
4. The optical laminate according to claim 1, wherein Re (650)/Re (550) of the retardation layer is greater than 1 and 1.2 or less.
5. The optical laminate according to claim 1, wherein the retardation layer is made of polycarbonate-based.
6. An image display device comprising the optical laminate according to claim 1.
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